# banknote_types

country: Eritrea
currency: ERN
denomination: 1
series_name: First Nakfa series
series_range: 1997–present
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Ethiopian Birr
issuer: Bank of Eritrea
issuer_native: ኤርትራ ባንክ
signatures: President; Governor
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Camel in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#8b7355,#c19a6b
portrait_subject: Eritrean women and children
reverse_subject: Eritrean schoolchildren
themes: indigenous_culture,education
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:48
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:18:51
front_description:
  Three Eritrean women and children in traditional dress representing the diverse ethnic groups of Eritrea. The central figures wear traditional headwraps and jewelry, symbolizing the cultural heritage of the newly independent nation. At left, a vignette depicts the raising of the Eritrean flag, commemorating independence achieved in 1993 after a 30-year war of independence from Ethiopia. The nakfa currency was introduced in 1997 to replace the Ethiopian birr and is named after the town of Nakfa, a key stronghold during the independence struggle.

back_description:
  A group of Eritrean schoolchildren in a classroom setting, representing education and the future of the nation. The scene emphasizes the government's focus on literacy and development in post-independence Eritrea. The Bank of Eritrea emblem appears at right, featuring the traditional camel motif that symbolizes endurance and survival in the arid Eritrean landscape.

historical_notes:
  The First Nakfa series was introduced on 24 May 1997, exactly four years after Eritrea's independence referendum. The nakfa replaced the Ethiopian birr at par and takes its name from the town of Nakfa, which served as the headquarters of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front during the independence war (1961–1991). This 1 nakfa note, dated 24.5.1997, represents the lowest denomination of the inaugural series. The imagery emphasizes themes of cultural identity, independence, and education as foundations of the new nation.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 10 Piastres
series_name: 1940 Issue
series_range: 1940-1950
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1950
issuer: Currency Note Issue, Arab Republic of Egypt
issuer_native: اوراق عملة مصرية
signatures: Minister of Finance: signature present
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#dc8b7e
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: 166
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic and Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:49
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:49
front_description:
  Scene depicting Egyptian women in traditional dress representing cultural heritage. The note shows three women in traditional Egyptian garments, symbolizing Egyptian society and cultural continuity during the Kingdom period. This design was part of Egypt's currency issues during World War II and the early 1940s, featuring domestic cultural motifs rather than royal portraits.

back_description:
  Geometric patterns and ornamental designs incorporating arabesque motifs. The reverse displays intricate guilloché work with circular rosettes at left and right, with denomination '10 PIASTRES' prominently featured at center along with English text reading 'THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT CURRENCY NOTE' and 'MINISTER OF FINANCE' below.

historical_notes:
  This 10 piastres note belongs to the 1940 Issue series of Egyptian currency notes, produced during World War II when Egypt was still a kingdom under British influence. The Currency Note Issue was managed by the Ministry of Finance rather than a central bank (the Central Bank of Egypt was not established until 1961). This series circulated during the wartime economy and the transitional period before the 1952 revolution. The note features reference code 'B/48' indicating issue series and signature control. Serial number format with Arabic-Indic numerals was standard for Egyptian notes of this period.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 1
series_name: 2001-2017 issue
series_range: 2001-2017
issue_year: 2001
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2017
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 166x76
watermark: Tutankhamun's funeral mask in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Abu Simbel temples
themes: architecture,mythology,statesman
pick_number: P-50
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic and Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:49
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:49
front_description:
  The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, one of the largest mosques in the world, built between 1356 and 1363 during the Mamluk period under Sultan Hassan. The mosque is renowned for its monumental scale and Mamluk architectural features including its massive dome and towering minarets. It stands as one of the finest examples of Mamluk architecture and has been featured on Egyptian currency to represent the country's Islamic heritage and medieval architectural achievements.

back_description:
  The Great Temple of Abu Simbel, showing the four colossal seated statues of Ramesses II (ruled 1279-1213 BCE) carved into the rock face. Built in the 13th century BCE in Nubia, the temple was relocated in the 1960s during the UNESCO campaign to save it from the rising waters of Lake Nasser following construction of the Aswan High Dam. The temple demonstrates ancient Egypt's architectural mastery and the enduring legacy of one of its most powerful pharaohs.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2001-2017 issue series of Egyptian pounds, which featured Islamic and ancient Egyptian architectural monuments. The series was gradually replaced beginning in 2016-2017 with new designs featuring updated security features. The 1 pound denomination is one of the most commonly used notes in Egypt for everyday transactions. The date 2021/9/16 printed on the front indicates this specific note was issued on September 16, 2021, making it one of the later printings of this series design.


country: Estonia
currency: EEK
denomination: 1
series_name: First kroon series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–2007
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2011-01-15
predecessor_currency: Ruble
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Estonia
issuer_native: Eesti Pank
signatures: President: R. Otsason; Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Siim Kallas
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Kristjan Raud
reverse_subject: Toompea Castle
themes: artist,architecture
pick_number: P-69
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: et
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:11
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:11
front_description:
  Kristjan Raud (1865–1943), Estonian painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Estonian national art. Raud is celebrated for his contributions to Estonian cultural identity through his paintings and illustrations depicting Estonian mythology, folklore, and rural life, particularly his illustrations for the national epic Kalevipoeg. He was a founding member of the Estonian Artists' Association and played a pivotal role in establishing a distinctly Estonian artistic tradition during the National Awakening period.

back_description:
  Toompea Castle in Tallinn, the seat of the Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament). Originally built as a fortress by the Teutonic Order in the 13th–14th centuries on Toompea hill, the castle has served as the seat of power in Estonia for over 700 years. The distinctive pink baroque façade visible on the note was added in the 18th century when the building served as the seat of the Russian Governor-General of Estonia. The castle symbolizes Estonian statehood and sovereignty, making it an appropriate choice for the nation's restored currency.

historical_notes:
  First kroon series, issued in 1992 following Estonia's restoration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The Estonian kroon (EEK) replaced the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 kroon = 10 rubles as part of monetary reform that established one of the most stable currencies in Eastern Europe. The series was designed to emphasize Estonian national identity and cultural heritage, featuring prominent Estonian cultural figures on the obverse and architectural landmarks on the reverse. The 1 kroon note, the smallest denomination, honored Kristjan Raud as a symbol of Estonian national art and cultural awakening. The kroon remained in circulation until January 1, 2011, when Estonia adopted the euro, becoming the first former Soviet republic to join the eurozone.


country: Estonia
currency: EEK
denomination: 2
series_name: First kroon series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–2007
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2011-01-15
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Estonia
issuer_native: Eesti Pank
signatures: President: signature present; Noukogu liige: signature present
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
security_features: intaglio,microprint,thread
color_palette: #8b9ba8,#d4d4d4,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Karl Ernst von Baer
reverse_subject: University of Tartu main building
themes: scientist,architecture
pick_number: P-70
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: et
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:39
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:39
front_description:
  Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), Baltic German naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology. He discovered the mammalian ovum and the notochord, formulated the germ layer theory of development, and made significant contributions to comparative anatomy and anthropology. Von Baer was born in what is now Estonia and is honoured as one of the most distinguished scientists associated with the region; his work established fundamental principles of developmental biology that remain influential to this day.

back_description:
  The University of Tartu main building, a neoclassical structure completed in 1809 and designed by Johann Wilhelm Krause. The university, founded in 1632 by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, is the oldest and most prestigious university in Estonia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. The building serves as the symbolic heart of Estonian higher education and intellectual life, representing the country's academic traditions and commitment to scholarship.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first kroon series issued in 1992 following Estonia's restoration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The Estonian kroon replaced the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 kroon = 10 rubles, marking a crucial step in Estonia's economic independence and transition to a market economy. The series was designed to celebrate Estonian national identity and cultural heritage, featuring prominent historical figures and landmarks. The kroon remained in circulation until January 1, 2011, when Estonia adopted the euro, becoming the 17th eurozone member. The 2-kroon denomination was among the lower-value notes of the series and circulated widely throughout the 1990s and 2000s.


country: Ethiopia
currency: ETB
denomination: 10
series_name: 1976–1991 issue
series_year: 1989
series_range: 1976–1991
issue_year: 1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997
issuer: National Bank of Ethiopia
issuer_native: የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ
printer: Security Printing Press, Ethiopia
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Lion's head in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#a0522d
portrait_subject: Ethiopian farmer
reverse_subject: Agricultural scene with tractor plowing field
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 43
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Amharic (Ge'ez script), English, Arabic numerals
languages: am,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:39
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:13:29
front_description:
  Ethiopian farmer in traditional dress, representing the nation's agricultural heritage and rural population. The denomination is shown in Amharic (አውር በርር / METEN BIRR) and Arabic numerals. The National Bank of Ethiopia issued this series during the Derg military government period (1974–1991), featuring themes of labor and development. A traditional Ethiopian basket (mesob) appears at right, symbolizing hospitality and daily life.

back_description:
  Agricultural scene with tractor plowing field, representing Ethiopia's focus on agricultural modernization and mechanization during the socialist Derg era. The scene depicts the push toward collectivized and mechanized farming that characterized economic policy under the military government. Traditional basket motif appears at left.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1976–1991 issue series of Ethiopian birr banknotes, introduced during the Derg military government (Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, 1974–1987, and People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1987–1991). The series emphasized themes of labor, agriculture, and industry, reflecting the socialist orientation of the regime. The date June 1989 appears in Ethiopian calendar notation. This series was withdrawn and replaced following the fall of the Derg government in 1991, with a new series introduced in 1997. Notes from this period are demonetized but remain collectible.


country: Ethiopia
currency: ETB
denomination: 1 Birr
series_name: 1997 Series
series_range: 1997–2006
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2006
issuer: National Bank of Ethiopia
issuer_native: የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ
signatures: Governor: signature present but name not clearly legible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Lion of Judah head in clear field at center left
security_features: intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4af6a,#2f2f2f
reverse_subject: Tis Abay (Blue Nile Falls)
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: P-46
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Ethiopic,Latin
languages: am,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:41
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:09:41
front_description:
  Young Ethiopian woman in traditional dress with agricultural scene showing cattle and trees in the background. The woman represents Ethiopia's agricultural heritage and rural population, which forms the backbone of the country's economy. The cattle (zebu cattle) are integral to Ethiopian farming and culture, used for plowing, transport, and as a measure of wealth. The lion watermark references the Lion of Judah, symbol of the Ethiopian monarchy and national emblem. Text appears in both Amharic and English, reflecting Ethiopia's multilingual character.

back_description:
  Tis Abay (Blue Nile Falls), also known as Tis Issat ('smoking water' in Amharic), located on the Blue Nile River near Bahir Dar in northwestern Ethiopia. These spectacular falls, approximately 45 meters high during the rainy season, are one of Ethiopia's most iconic natural landmarks. The Blue Nile originates from Lake Tana and flows through Ethiopia before joining the White Nile in Sudan to form the Nile River. Two birds appear on the left side, likely endemic Ethiopian species, emphasizing the country's rich biodiversity and natural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1997 series issued by the National Bank of Ethiopia following the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in 1995. The series replaced earlier designs and introduced new security features while maintaining traditional Ethiopian imagery. The 1 Birr denomination was the lowest paper note denomination of this series. These notes were gradually replaced starting in 2006 with updated designs featuring more prominent portraits of Ethiopian leaders and enhanced security features. The 1997 series emphasized Ethiopia's natural wealth, agricultural economy, and cultural heritage rather than political figures, reflecting the transitional period following decades of civil conflict.


country: France
currency: FRF
denomination: 20
series_name: Pêcheur series
series_range: 1942–1950
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1963
successor_currency: Nouveau Franc
issuer: Banque de France
signatures: Caissier Général: Morjane; Le Secrétaire Général: Bouceret
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x80
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#5f9ea0
reverse_subject: French fisherman's family scene
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 100
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:44
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:44
front_description:
  Allegorical scene depicting a French fisherman in traditional working clothes, seated with fishing net and maritime implements. This design represents France's fishing industry and coastal communities during the post-war period. The fisherman motif became iconic of this series, symbolizing honest labor and France's maritime heritage during the reconstruction years following World War II.

back_description:
  A fisherman's family group showing women and child with basket of produce, alongside a decorative street lamp and a view of a coastal church or chapel in the background. The scene celebrates family life and the prosperity of France's fishing communities, with the inscription 'LE CONTREFACTEUR SERA PUNI DES TRAVAUX FORCÉS A PERPETUITÉ' (counterfeiters will be punished with forced labor for life) as a security warning.

historical_notes:
  The 'Pêcheur' (Fisherman) series was issued by the Banque de France from 1942 to 1950, spanning the late Vichy period, Liberation, and early Fourth Republic. This 20 francs note was one of the most common denominations in circulation during France's post-war recovery. The series was withdrawn from circulation in 1963 following the 1960 currency reform that introduced the Nouveau Franc at a rate of 100 old francs to 1 new franc. These notes are widely available to collectors today.


country: France
currency: FRF
denomination: 5
series_name: Berger series
series_year: 1943
series_range: 1943–1947
issue_year: 1943
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1963-01-01
predecessor_currency: Franc (pre-1960)
successor_currency: Nouveau Franc
issuer: Banque de France
issuer_native: Banque de France
signatures: Le Secrétaire Général: Mourgue
printer: Banque de France Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 100x60
watermark: None
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#6b8e23,#4682b4
portrait_subject: The Shepherd (allegorical figure)
reverse_subject: The Shepherdess (allegorical figure)
themes: agriculture,pastoral
pick_number: P-98a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:44
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:08
front_description:
  Young shepherd boy depicted in traditional pastoral attire with mountainous rural French landscape in background. This allegorical figure represents France's agricultural heritage and was part of a wartime series emphasizing traditional French values. The 'Berger' (Shepherd) series was issued during the German occupation of France and featured idealized pastoral imagery rather than political figures, reflecting Vichy government aesthetics promoting return to traditional rural life.

back_description:
  Young shepherdess depicted in pastoral dress surrounded by agricultural bounty including wheat sheaves, fruits, and flowers. This allegorical female figure complements the shepherd on the front, symbolizing France's agricultural abundance and traditional rural economy. The text 'LE CONTREFACTEUR SERA PUNI DES TRAVAUX FORCÉS A PERPÉTUITÉ' (The counterfeiter will be punished by forced labor for life) appears as an anti-counterfeiting warning.

historical_notes:
  The 5 Francs Berger (Shepherd) series was issued by the Banque de France from 1943 to 1947, during and immediately after World War II. Dated 25-11-1943 (November 25, 1943), this note was printed during the German occupation. The series deliberately avoided portraits of political figures, instead using idealized pastoral imagery that aligned with Vichy regime propaganda emphasizing traditional French rural values. The P.91 designation visible on the note refers to the plate number. These notes remained in circulation through the immediate post-war period until the currency reform of 1960 that introduced the Nouveau Franc.


country: Georgia
currency: Georgian Lari
denomination: 1
series_name: First Lari series
series_range: 1995–2002
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2002
predecessor_currency: Georgian Kupon Lari
issuer: National Bank of Georgia
issuer_native: საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x64
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #c4817c,#f5e6e8,#8b5a54
reverse_subject: Metekhi Church and King Vakhtang I Gorgasali monument
themes: architecture,statesman,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-53
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Georgian (Mkhedruli script)
languages: ka
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:45
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:45
front_description:
  View of Tbilisi cityscape with Mount Mtatsminda (Holy Mountain) topped by the Tbilisi TV broadcasting tower (built 1972), which rises 274 meters above the city center. The mountain has been a sacred site and prominent landmark in Georgian history since ancient times. Text in Georgian script and ornamental geometric border patterns characteristic of Georgian medieval manuscript decoration. Serial number 226/2 044816.

back_description:
  Metekhi Church, a 13th-century Georgian Orthodox church perched on a cliff above the Mtkvari River in Tbilisi's historic Old Town, with the equestrian monument of King Vakhtang I Gorgasali (c. 440–502 CE), legendary founder of Tbilisi and one of Georgia's most revered monarchs. The statue by sculptor Elguja Amashukeli was erected in 1967. The church served as a royal residence and fortress in medieval times and stands as an iconic symbol of Georgian Christianity and statehood.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of the Georgian Lari, introduced on 25 September 1995 to replace the transitional Kupon Lari at a rate of 1 Lari = 1,000,000 Kupon, ending Georgia's post-Soviet hyperinflation. The 1 Lari denomination was the lowest value in this series, issued 1995–2002. It was replaced by a redesigned second series beginning in 2002. The motifs celebrate Tbilisi's ancient heritage and Georgia's Christian monarchy, establishing the visual identity of the newly independent state's currency.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 1 Mark
series_name: Allied Military Currency
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1944–1948
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948-06-21
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Allied Military Authority
issuer_native: Alliierte Militärbehörde
printer: Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 102x102
security_features: guilloché_pattern,microprint
color_palette: #4682b4,#d2b48c,#8b4513
themes: military,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Allied occupation of Germany
pick_number: P-191a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:47
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:14:47
front_description:
  Allied Military Currency (AMC) issued for use in occupied Germany following World War II. The note bears the inscription 'ALLIIERTE MILITÄRBEHÖRDE' (Allied Military Authority) at top and 'UMLAUF GESETZT IN DEUTSCHLAND' (Put into circulation in Germany). Serial number 07793893 appears in center within an ornate rosette containing the letter 'M'. The denomination 'EINE MARK' (One Mark) is prominently displayed, with numeral '1' in all four corners. This 'F-series' currency was printed in the United States and introduced on June 20, 1944 (D-Day + 14 days) for use by Allied forces and German civilians in liberated/occupied territories.

back_description:
  Ornate geometric design dominated by intricate guilloche patterns in brown and tan tones. At center is a large decorative letter 'M' (for Mark) surrounded by an elaborate rosette with multiple layers of fine-line engraving and scrollwork. The symmetrical design features ornamental borders with latticework patterns and spiral motifs in the corners, typical of anti-counterfeiting techniques of the period.

historical_notes:
  Allied Military Currency (AMC) was issued by the Allied Military Authority for use in Germany during and after World War II. This series was printed by Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company in Boston under contract with the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The notes were introduced on June 20, 1944, initially in France and later throughout occupied Germany. They circulated alongside Reichsmarks until the currency reform of June 20–21, 1948, when they were replaced by the Deutsche Mark in the western zones. The distinctive square format (102×102mm) and the 'F-series' designation distinguish this Allied occupation currency. These notes are significant artifacts of the immediate post-war period and the transition from Nazi Germany to Allied occupation.


country: Germany
currency: Pfennig (Notgeld)
denomination: 20 Pfennig
series_name: Ilmenau Notgeld Series
series_year: 1921
series_range: 1921–1922
issue_year: 1921
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: German Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Stadt Ilmenau
issuer_native: Stadt Ilmenau
printer: Schreiber & Co., Ilmenau
material: paper
color_palette: #8B9B6A,#2C2C2C,#D4C3A3
reverse_subject: Ilmenau city coat of arms
themes: architecture,commemorative
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Gothic/Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:08
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:19
front_description:
  A wooden cabin or barn structure set in a forested mountain landscape with conifer trees, representing a traditional Thuringian Forest scene. The central vignette shows rustic mountain architecture characteristic of the Ilmenau region in Thuringia. Text panels on either side contain Gothic script inscriptions validating the note's acceptance by local merchants and authorities. This imagery evokes Ilmenau's identity as a gateway to the Thuringian Forest and its timber industry heritage.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Ilmenau, showing a shield quartered with a palm or tree motif in the upper section and mining hammers in the lower section, flanked by two tower structures representing the city's medieval fortifications. The heraldic design reflects Ilmenau's dual identity as both a mining town and a center of forestry. The back bears the date '11 JANUAR 1921' and validation text stating the note's official acceptance after stamping by the magistrate ('Die Gültigkeit erlischt nach Aufhuf').

historical_notes:
  This is an example of German Notgeld (emergency money) issued by the town of Ilmenau in Thuringia during the severe inflation and currency shortage following World War I. Ilmenau, located in the Thuringian Forest, issued numerous artistic Notgeld notes between 1921-1923, many featuring local scenes, folklore, and the town's association with Goethe, who frequented the area. These notes were typically printed by local firms such as Schreiber & Co. and circulated as small-denomination currency when official Reich coinage was hoarded. The Notgeld period ended with the introduction of the Rentenmark in November 1923, which stabilized the currency. Ilmenau's Notgeld series is well-documented among collectors of German emergency currency.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 5 Mark
series_name: Darlehnskassenschein Series
series_year: 1917
series_range: 1914–1922
issue_year: 1917
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1922
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsschuldenverwaltung
issuer_native: Reichsschuldenverwaltung
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x95
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #4a6b4a,#d4c5a0,#2c2c2c
portrait_subject: Germania
reverse_subject: German Imperial Eagle
themes: mythology,statesman
pick_number: P-56b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:40
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:40
front_description:
  Ornate decorative design with Gothic text 'Darlehnskassenschein' (Loan Bank Certificate) and 'Fünf Mark' (Five Mark). The Darlehnskassenscheine were emergency paper money issued by the German Empire during World War I to finance the war effort, authorized by the Reichsschuldenverwaltung (Imperial Debt Administration). These notes circulated alongside Reichsbanknoten and were backed by war loans rather than gold reserves.

back_description:
  Germania, the national personification of Germany, depicted as a young woman wearing a laurel wreath and flowers in her hair. The German Imperial Eagle (Reichsadler) appears at upper left. Text reads 'Fünf Mark' and 'Berlin, den 1. August 1917' with 'Reichsschuldenverwaltung' below. Germania was a common allegorical figure on German currency representing the nation's strength and unity during the imperial period.

historical_notes:
  The Darlehnskassenscheine (Loan Bank Certificates) were emergency currency issued by the German Empire during World War I from 1914 to 1922. The 5 Mark note dated August 1, 1917 was part of the wartime financing mechanism, backed by war bonds rather than gold reserves. These notes were issued by the Reichsschuldenverwaltung (Imperial Debt Administration) and printed by the Reichsdruckerei in Berlin. They circulated until the hyperinflation crisis led to their replacement by the Rentenmark in 1923-1924. The Pick-56b variant features specific signature combinations and serial number styles that distinguish it from earlier and later printings.


country: Germany
currency: DEM
denomination: 10
series_name: BBk III
series_year: 1989
series_range: 1989-1991
issue_year: 1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Deutsche Bundesbank
signatures: President: Karl Otto Pöhl; Bundesbank Director: Helmut Schlesinger
printer: Bundesdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Portrait of Carl Friedrich Gauss in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #8b7a9c,#a8c5d1,#e6d7b8
portrait_subject: Carl Friedrich Gauss
reverse_subject: Sextant and Gaussian normal distribution curve
themes: scientist,mathematics,astronomy
pick_number: P-38c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:41
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:41
front_description:
  Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. He made fundamental contributions to number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy, and optics. The note depicts him in his later years wearing a cap, with a view of historic Göttingen including the Johanniskirche church tower and old observatory buildings in the background.

back_description:
  A sextant, the precision navigational and surveying instrument used for measuring angles, reflecting Gauss's work in geodesy and astronomy. The background includes a representation of the Gaussian normal distribution curve (bell curve), one of his most famous contributions to statistics and probability theory, along with a geometric triangulation network map showing German cities including Hamburg, Hannover, Braunschweig, and others, referencing his geodetic survey work.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the BBk III series (third Deutsche Bundesbank series), issued from 1989 to 1991, the final Deutsche Mark series before German reunification and the eventual transition to the Euro. The 10 Mark denomination honoring Gauss was introduced on 2 January 1989 as indicated on the note. This series was produced by Bundesdruckerei in Berlin. The Deutsche Mark was demonetized on 28 February 2002 following the introduction of euro banknotes and coins, though notes could be exchanged at Bundesbank branches indefinitely.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 20000000000
series_name: Third Hyperinflation Issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1924
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-08-30
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankhauptkasse Berlin
issuer_native: Reichsbankhauptkasse
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 180x115
watermark: Geometric pattern visible in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#2f3d2d,#8b7355
themes: commemorative
commemorative_occasion: German hyperinflation crisis of 1923
pick_number: P-118a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:43
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:43
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote of Twenty Billion Mark issued during the peak of the Weimar Republic hyperinflation. The ornate Gothic 'Z' monogram at left is characteristic of the Third Hyperinflation series. The text states the note is redeemable at the Reichsbankhauptkasse in Berlin and can be exchanged for legal tender starting January 1, 1924. Dated September 1, 1923 in Berlin. Two Reichsbank seals with the Weimar eagle appear flanking four manuscript signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium. Serial number 074171 and control code HM-11 at top right. Anti-counterfeiting warning at lower left.

back_description:
  Plain green underprint design with ornamental guilloche patterns and circles. Text is minimal, typical of emergency hyperinflation issues where rapid printing was prioritized over elaborate design. The sparse reverse reflects the economic chaos of the period when denominations escalated daily.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Third Hyperinflation Issue of 1923, during the catastrophic collapse of the German mark. By September 1923, when this note was issued, the Reichsbank was printing billion and trillion mark denominations daily to keep pace with hyperinflation that peaked at over 3 million percent per month. The series was issued from August 1923 through early 1924, until the introduction of the Rentenmark in November 1923 and later the Reichsmark stabilized the currency. These notes were demonetized on August 30, 1924. The rapid devaluation required the Reichsdruckerei to print notes in astronomical denominations, making this twenty billion mark note a significant historical artifact of one of the most severe monetary crises in modern history.


country: Germany
currency: Rentenmark
denomination: 1
series_name: Rentenmark series
series_year: 1937
series_range: 1923–1948
issue_year: 1937
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Deutsche Rentenbank
issuer_native: Deutsche Rentenbank
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x60
watermark: Circular watermark with '1 Rentenmark' visible at right
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4c5a9,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Wheat sheaf
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-173b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:43
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:15:43
front_description:
  German Rentenmark issued by the Deutsche Rentenbank in Berlin, dated 30 January 1937. The Rentenmark was introduced in November 1923 as an emergency currency to stabilize Germany's economy during the hyperinflation crisis of the Weimar Republic. Although officially replaced by the Reichsmark in 1924, Rentenmark notes continued to be issued and circulated alongside Reichsmarks until 1948. The note reads 'Ausgegeben auf Grund der Verordnung vom 15. Oktober 1923' (Issued on the basis of the ordinance of 15 October 1923), referencing the original decree that established this currency. The denomination '1 Fünf Rentenmark' appears in ornate Gothic script.

back_description:
  Wheat sheaf bound with rope at center left, symbolizing agricultural production and the land-backed security of the Rentenmark. The currency was initially backed by mortgages on German agricultural and industrial assets (hence 'Renten' meaning rents or yields). The denomination '1 Rentenmark' and 'Eine Rentenmark' appears in decorative medallions. The reverse includes the warning text about counterfeiting penalties running vertically along the left edge.

historical_notes:
  Rentenmark series, 1923–1948. The Rentenmark was introduced on 15 October 1923 at the height of Weimar hyperinflation, when the Papiermark had become virtually worthless. Backed by mortgages on German land and industry rather than gold, it successfully stabilized the economy by limiting issuance. The exchange rate was set at 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion (10¹²) Papiermarks. Although the Reichsmark officially replaced it in 1924, the Rentenbank continued issuing notes with dates extending to 1937, and they remained legal tender until the 1948 currency reform. This 1937-dated issue represents one of the later printings. The series is notable for being one of the most successful emergency currencies in history, effectively ending hyperinflation within weeks of introduction.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 50000000
series_name: Third Inflation Issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1924
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium officials
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 192x100
watermark: No watermark
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#2f2f2f
reverse_subject: Plain reverse with serial number
themes: commemorative
pick_number: 109d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:03
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:28
front_description:
  German hyperinflation note of 50 million Mark issued during the catastrophic inflation of 1923. The text states this Reichsbanknote is redeemable by the Reichsbank at its counters from 1 January 1924, and can be exchanged freely against other legal tender payment methods. The note bears the Weimar Republic eagle emblem on both lower corners and was issued by the Reichsbankdirektorium in Berlin on 1 September 1923, marked with reference RW-16. This denomination reflects the exponential currency devaluation of the Weimar Republic, when a loaf of bread cost billions of marks.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with only serial number visible in upper left corner. The minimalist back design was typical of emergency hyperinflation notes issued during this period, as resources were devoted to rapidly printing currency to meet demand rather than elaborate security features or designs.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Third Inflation Issue of 1923, part of Germany's hyperinflation period during the Weimar Republic. By September 1923, the German mark had lost virtually all value due to the government's policy of printing money to pay war reparations and cover budget deficits. The inflation peaked in November 1923, when the exchange rate reached 4.2 trillion marks to one US dollar. The crisis ended with the introduction of the Rentenmark in November 1923 and the Reichsmark in 1924, which replaced the old mark at a rate of 1 trillion to 1. This 50-million-mark note, though enormous in face value, had minimal purchasing power when issued.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 10
series_name: Weimar Republic series
series_year: 1929
series_range: 1929–1945
issue_year: 1929
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948
predecessor_currency: Rentenmark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x63
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #5a6b4d,#d4c9a8,#3a4530
portrait_subject: Albrecht Dürer
reverse_subject: Allegorical figures representing art and science
themes: artist,architecture
pick_number: 180a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:55
front_description:
  Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528), German Renaissance painter, printmaker, and theorist, widely regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance. His portrait appears at right, based on his famous self-portrait. Dürer revolutionized printmaking and was one of the first European artists to gain international fame during his lifetime. The note includes Gothic script text indicating it was issued on the basis of the Bank Act of 30 August 1924, later amended 22 January 1929, making it redeemable at the Reichsbank.

back_description:
  Allegorical figures representing the arts and sciences appear in ornamental panels on either side of a central medallion. The left panel depicts a figure holding artistic implements, while the right panel shows a figure with attributes of learning or wisdom. These neoclassical allegorical representations emphasize Germany's cultural and intellectual heritage during the Weimar Republic period.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsmark series issued by the Reichsbank during the Weimar Republic, following the stabilization of German currency after the hyperinflation crisis of 1923. The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 to replace the Rentenmark and remained Germany's official currency until 1948, when it was replaced by the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and the East German mark in East Germany. The 1929 series notes featured prominent German cultural figures, with Dürer chosen for the 10 Reichsmark denomination to celebrate Germany's artistic heritage. These notes were printed by the Reichsdruckerei (Reich Printing Works) in Berlin and remained in circulation throughout the Nazi period and World War II.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 1000000
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-08-30
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium: H. Schacht
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x70
watermark: Geometric pattern visible in right panel
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c4a0,#8b9456,#000000
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-102b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (Gothic blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:55
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:50
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote of one million marks issued during the Weimar Republic hyperinflation crisis of 1923. The note displays the Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) emblem of the Weimar Republic at bottom, with Gothic blackletter typography stating 'EINE MILLION MARK'. The text declares that the Reichsbank main office in Berlin pays the bearer one million marks, and that from 1 September 1923 this note can be called in and exchanged for other legal tender. Dated Berlin, 9 August 1923, signed by the Reichsbankdirektorium. The note features an ornate green geometric security panel on the right side.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with faint impression of the front design visible through the paper, typical of Weimar hyperinflation emergency issues which prioritized rapid production over elaborate designs.

historical_notes:
  This one million mark note was issued during the catastrophic Weimar hyperinflation of 1923, when the Papiermark collapsed in value due to war reparations payments and government debt monetization. By August 1923, the Reichsbank was issuing million-mark denominations; by November 1923, the peak of hyperinflation saw trillion-mark notes. The Papiermark was replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark, stabilizing the German economy. These hyperinflation notes are extremely common today due to massive overprinting, though they remain important historical artifacts of economic collapse.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 20
series_name: Darlehnskassenschein
series_year: 1918
series_range: 1914–1922
issue_year: 1918
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsschuldenverwaltung
issuer_native: Reichsschuldenverwaltung
signatures: Lütt; Dietwars; Milstan
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x95
security_features: raised_print,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#4a3228
portrait_subject: Allegorical female figures
reverse_subject: Allegorical figures representing Germany
themes: statesman,architecture,industry,mythology
pick_number: P-57
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:55
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:39
front_description:
  Darlehnskassenschein (loan bank note) issued to finance World War I. The note features two female allegorical figures representing aspects of German industry and commerce in profile medallions on the left and right sides, with the Imperial German eagle (Reichsadler) appearing twice at center. The text 'Berlin, den 20 Februar 1918' dates this issue to February 20, 1918, during the final year of WWI. These emergency wartime notes were issued by the German Reichsschuldenverwaltung (Imperial Debt Administration) to supplement the Reichsbanknotes and meet the enormous financing needs of the war effort.

back_description:
  Two allegorical figures flanking the central denomination: on the left, a male figure representing labor or industry holding tools; on the right, a female figure representing Germania or agriculture holding a sheaf of wheat. Above the central '20' is the Imperial German eagle (Reichsadler) with spread wings. The intricate Gothic-style borders and lettering reflect the artistic style of German banknote design in the Imperial period. The serial numbers appear in red at the bottom corners.

historical_notes:
  The Darlehnskassenscheine were emergency loan bank notes issued during World War I (1914–1918) and its aftermath to supplement the circulating currency and help finance Germany's massive war expenditures. They were authorized by the Reichstag and issued by the Reichsschuldenverwaltung (Imperial Debt Administration) rather than the Reichsbank. The February 20, 1918 issue date places this note in the final months of WWI, when Germany was approaching economic collapse. These notes circulated alongside Reichsbanknotes until the hyperinflation crisis led to their replacement by the Rentenmark in 1923–1924. The elaborate allegorical imagery reflects the Imperial German artistic tradition, with classical figures representing German virtues and industrial strength.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 500
series_name: Third Reich Issue
series_year: 1922
series_range: 1922–1923
issue_year: 1922
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1923
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 210x115
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #c4b5a0,#000000,#8b7355
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-74b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:16:58
signatures:
  Reichsbankdirektorium: Havenstein, Bauernfeind, Schmidt Wächter, Günther Knäfel Carl Friedmann, Schacht

front_description:
  German Reichsbanknote of 500 Mark issued during the Weimar Republic hyperinflation period. The note bears the date 7 July 1922 (Berlin, den 7. Juli 1922) and features two circular seals of the Reichsbank with the imperial eagle (Reichsadler) at left and right. Multiple signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium (Reich Bank Directorate) appear in the center. The text states that the Reichsbank main office in Berlin pays 500 Mark to the bearer, and that from 1 April 1923 onwards this note can be recalled and exchanged for other legal tender. This note represents the early phase of the catastrophic German hyperinflation that would peak in 1923.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printing, showing only the paper substrate with some age discoloration and staining. The blank reverse was typical of many German emergency and inflation-era notes of this period, printed hastily to meet massive demand for currency during the hyperinflation crisis.

historical_notes:
  Part of the Reichsbanknote series issued 1922–1923 during the Weimar Republic's catastrophic hyperinflation. The 500 Mark denomination was issued on 7 July 1922, when inflation was already severe but would accelerate dramatically through 1923. The note includes a clause stating it could be recalled from 1 April 1923 for exchange—reflecting authorities' attempts to manage the currency crisis. By late 1923, the Mark had become virtually worthless, with notes in the trillions being issued before the Rentenmark stabilized the currency in November 1923. These notes were printed by the Reichsdruckerei (Reich Printing Office) in vast quantities, often with minimal security features due to the urgent need for currency. The serial number format with prefix 'V' and alphanumeric sequence was typical of this series.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 5000000
series_name: Hyperinflation emergency issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x60
security_features: microprint,guilloche_pattern
color_palette: #c19a6b,#8b7355,#000000
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-106
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:18
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote of five million Mark issued during the Weimar Republic hyperinflation crisis of 1923. The note displays the Weimar Republic eagle (Reichsadler) in two circular seals flanking the signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium. Dated Berlin, 20 August 1923 (20. August 1923), this denomination reflects the catastrophic devaluation of the German Papiermark during the peak hyperinflation period when prices doubled every few days. The text states the note is callable from 1 October 1923 and exchangeable for other legal tender.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with faint guilloche pattern and watermark-like text reading 'Fünf Millionen Mark' in repeated overlay. The minimalist design was typical of German hyperinflation emergency notes printed in enormous quantities with minimal security features to meet demand during the economic collapse.

historical_notes:
  This five million Mark note was issued during the catastrophic Weimar hyperinflation of 1923, when the German Papiermark collapsed due to war reparations, government debt, and loss of productive capacity after World War I. By August 1923, when this note was printed, inflation had reached astronomical levels—the exchange rate would reach 4.2 trillion Marks to one US dollar by November. The Reichsbank printed denominations in the millions and eventually trillions to keep pace with price increases. This hyperinflation was only halted in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at an exchange rate of 1 Rentenmark to 1 trillion Papiermarks. These notes represent one of history's most dramatic episodes of monetary collapse.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 100,000,000 Mark
series_name: Reichsbanknote series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1924
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-08-30
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#4a5f7a,#2b3a4a
themes: statesman,commemorative
pick_number: P-107
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:58
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote of 100 million Mark dated October 26, 1923, issued during the catastrophic hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. The note bears the Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) seal on both left and right sides, with multiple signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium. The text indicates that from February 1, 1924, this note could be called in and exchanged for other legal tender. This denomination represents the peak of the hyperinflation crisis when currency values collapsed exponentially daily.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printed design, showing only the paper substrate with minimal printing. This blank-back design was typical of emergency high-denomination notes issued during the hyperinflation period when the Reichsbank could not keep pace with printing demands.

historical_notes:
  This 100 million Mark note was issued during Germany's catastrophic hyperinflation of 1923, when the Papiermark collapsed due to war reparations payments, occupation of the Ruhr, and massive money printing. By late 1923, the currency was essentially worthless—a loaf of bread cost billions of marks. The Reichsbanknote series represented emergency issues with simplified designs and often blank reverses to accelerate production. The hyperinflation ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark, followed by the Reichsmark in 1924. These notes were officially demonetized on August 30, 1924. The October 1923 date places this note near the absolute peak of the crisis.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 5000000
series_name: Third Hyperinflation Issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium (multiple illegible signatures)
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 139x80
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c9a580,#8b4513,#2f2f2f
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-109a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:17:59
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote of 5 million marks (Fünf Millionen Mark), issued during the German hyperinflation of 1923. The note is dated Berlin, 20 August 1923, and bears the text that from 1 October 1923 it can be called in and exchanged for other legal payment instruments. Signed by the Reichsbankdirektorium with the German imperial eagle (Reichsadler) flanking the signatures. This denomination reflects the catastrophic inflation of the Weimar Republic, when the Papiermark collapsed and prices doubled every few days.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with minimal printing, showing only control stamps reading 'E3CERII' and 'ca H' in red ink. The lack of elaborate design on the reverse is typical of emergency hyperinflation-era issues, when speed of production took priority over artistic considerations.

historical_notes:
  This 5 million mark note was issued during the peak of German hyperinflation in August 1923, when the Papiermark was collapsing at an exponential rate. By this time, the Reichsbank was printing notes in denominations reaching into the millions and soon billions and trillions of marks. The Third Hyperinflation Issue of 1923 saw rapid production of ever-higher denominations to keep pace with inflation caused by war reparations, the Ruhr occupation, and monetary policy failures. The Papiermark was replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These hyperinflation notes are now common collectibles due to the massive quantities printed.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 10
series_name: Reichsbanknote Series 1929
series_year: 1929
series_range: 1929–1945
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948-06-20
predecessor_currency: Rentenmark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium signature visible
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x82
watermark: Geometric pattern with denomination numeral
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#2f4f2f,#d4a574
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-180a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:00
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:20:09
front_description:
  This 10 Reichsmark note displays the Weimar Republic eagle emblem in circular seals at left and right. The text 'Reichsbanknote Zehn Mark' appears in Gothic blackletter (Fraktur) script with ornate decorative borders. The inscription reads 'Nach dem Reichsbankgesetz vom 30. August 1924 für die Reichsbankkasse strafbar' (After the Reichsbank law of 30 August 1924, counterfeiters will be punished). This series was introduced during the Weimar Republic following the stabilization of German currency after the hyperinflation crisis of 1923.

back_description:
  Elaborate geometric and arabesque pattern with denomination numeral '10' at center. The design features intricate scrollwork borders with repeated text warning against counterfeiting: 'Wer Banknoten nachmacht oder verfälscht oder nachgemachte oder verfälschte sich verschafft und in Verkehr bringt wird mit Zuchthaus nicht unter zwei Jahren bestraft' (Whoever counterfeits or falsifies banknotes or procures and circulates counterfeited or falsified notes will be punished with imprisonment of no less than two years). The decorative style reflects the transition from Imperial to Weimar design aesthetics.

historical_notes:
  The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 to replace the Rentenmark and stabilize German currency after the catastrophic hyperinflation of 1923. The 1929 series, printed by the Reichsdruckerei (Reich Printing Works), continued to circulate through the Nazi period and World War II until currency reform in 1948 when it was replaced by the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and the East German Mark in the Soviet zone. This 10 Reichsmark denomination was a common mid-value note used for everyday transactions throughout the Weimar and Nazi eras.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 10000000
series_name: Hyperinflation emergency issues
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Papiermark (earlier denominations)
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Reichsbankdirektor: Simon, Reichsbankdirektor: Pinner
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x90
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #d4c79a,#8b7355,#2f2f2f
themes: commemorative
pick_number: 106b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:01
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:19:59
front_description:
  Weimar Republic hyperinflation emergency banknote issued during the catastrophic inflation of 1923. The note is dated August 22, 1923 and marked 'OE-40' with serial number 079852 and a replacement asterisk. The text warns that the note is payable by the Reichsbankhauptkasse in Berlin and can be called in starting October 1, 1923, to be exchanged for other legal tender. The Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) seal appears at both lower corners, representing the authority of the Weimar Republic. This denomination represents the peak of German hyperinflation when the Papiermark became essentially worthless.

back_description:
  The reverse shows a heavily faded or blank design with very faint text and Reichsadler seals visible at the corners, typical of the simplified emergency printing during the hyperinflation crisis when speed of production took precedence over elaborate security features.

historical_notes:
  This 10 million Mark note was issued during the Weimar Republic hyperinflation of 1923, one of history's most severe monetary crises. By August 1923, the German mark had lost virtually all purchasing power due to war reparations, economic disruption, and government money-printing. Notes were printed in increasingly astronomical denominations – this 10 million mark note was soon followed by billion and trillion mark issues. The replacement asterisk after the serial number indicates this is a replacement note used to replace defective notes in a print run. The crisis ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These hyperinflation notes, while common, serve as historical artifacts of economic catastrophe and the fragility of fiat currency.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 100000 Mark
series_name: Reichsbanknote hyperinflation series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-08-30
predecessor_currency: Mark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Multiple members of the Reichsbankdirektorium (eight signatures visible)
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 180x105
watermark: Geometric pattern visible in center field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #9d9d7a,#3a3a2f,#d4d4b8
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:24
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:24
front_description:
  German Weimar Republic hyperinflation note issued during the catastrophic monetary collapse of 1923. The Reichsbanknote bears the date 'Berlin, den 25. Juli 1923' (July 25, 1923) and features the Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) in seals at left and right. The text states that the Reichsbank head office in Berlin will redeem this note to the bearer from September 1, 1923, and it can be called in and exchanged for other legal tender. This note represents the peak of the hyperinflation crisis that destroyed the German Mark, when denominations reached into the billions and trillions before the currency reform of November 1923 introduced the Rentenmark.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printed design, showing only the greenish-gray paper stock. This blank-back design was typical of many German hyperinflation notes issued during 1923, when the Reichsbank was printing currency at such volume that elaborate designs were abandoned to save time and resources.

historical_notes:
  This 100,000 Mark note is part of the Reichsbanknote series issued during Germany's devastating hyperinflation of 1923, when the Papiermark collapsed due to war reparations, the French occupation of the Ruhr, and excessive money printing. Between January and November 1923, prices increased by billions of times. The Reichsbank issued notes in ever-higher denominations, reaching 100 trillion Mark by November. This July 25, 1923 issue represents a mid-stage of the crisis. The hyperinflation ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark, followed by the Reichsmark in 1924. These notes are common survivors due to their massive printing volumes.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 100000000
series_name: Third Hyperinflation Issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
security_features: guilloche_pattern,microprint
color_palette: #8b9c7e,#d4c5a0,#000000
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-107
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:58
front_description:
  One hundred million mark (100,000,000 Mark) emergency currency note issued by the Reichsbankdirektorium during the catastrophic hyperinflation of 1923. The text reads 'Einhundert Millionen Mark' with authorization stating this note is legal tender with the authority of the Banking Act of 30 August 1924, and will be exchanged through the Reichsbank and provincial banks. The date Berlin, 22 August 1923 appears at bottom. This denomination represents the peak of the Weimar hyperinflation when prices doubled every few days and banknotes became effectively worthless.

back_description:
  Blank reverse without printing, typical of many emergency hyperinflation notes issued during this period when speed of production superseded elaborate design. The plain back reflects the desperate economic conditions and the purely utilitarian nature of these notes.

historical_notes:
  This 100 million mark note belongs to the third and most extreme phase of Weimar hyperinflation in 1923, when the German economy collapsed following World War I reparations, occupation of the Ruhr, and monetary policies. By August 1923, currency denominations reached absurd levels with billion and trillion mark notes soon to follow. The hyperinflation was finally ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a conversion rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These notes were demonetized in 1924 and became worthless, though they remain as historical artifacts of one of history's most dramatic economic disasters.


country: Germany
currency: Rentenmark
denomination: 2
series_name: Rentenmark series
series_year: 1937
series_range: 1923-1948
issue_year: 1937
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Deutsche Rentenbank
issuer_native: Deutsche Rentenbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x62
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#4a4a3a,#d4b896
reverse_subject: Oak tree with acorns
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-175
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur/Gothic)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:18:59
front_description:
  German Rentenbank 2 Rentenmark note issued on January 30, 1937. The Rentenmark was an emergency currency introduced in November 1923 to stabilize the German economy during the hyperinflation crisis of the Weimar Republic. Backed by land and industrial assets rather than gold, it successfully ended the hyperinflation and circulated alongside the Reichsmark until 1948. The note features elaborate guilloche patterns and Gothic blackletter typography with the text 'Rentenbankschein Zwei Rentenmark' (Rentenbank Note Two Rentenmarks) and legal tender declaration.

back_description:
  Oak tree with acorns in a circular medallion at center, flanked by the numeral '2' on both sides. The oak tree is a traditional German national symbol representing strength, endurance, and steadfastness. The inscription 'Deutsche Rentenbank' appears at top in Fraktur typeface, with 'Zwei Rentenmark' (Two Rentenmarks) below the central design. The reverse reinforces the agricultural and natural resource backing that gave the Rentenmark its stability.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Rentenmark series issued by the Deutsche Rentenbank from 1923-1948. The Rentenmark was created in November 1923 as an emergency currency to halt the catastrophic hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic, where the Papiermark had become virtually worthless. Unlike previous currency, the Rentenmark was notionally backed by mortgages on agricultural and industrial land (Rentenbrief bonds). The exchange rate was set at 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermarks. Though intended as temporary, it circulated alongside the Reichsmark (introduced 1924) until both were replaced by the Deutsche Mark in 1948 after World War II. The 1937 issue represents the later period of Rentenmark circulation during the Nazi era.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 500,000,000 Mark
series_name: Hyperinflation issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-02-01
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Multiple signatures of Reichsbankdirektorium members visible but individual names illegible
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 190x100
color_palette: #d4c4a8,#8b4513,#f5f5dc
themes: commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Hyperinflation emergency currency issue
pick_number: S1012
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (blackletter German)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:00
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:00
front_description:
  Weimar Republic Reichsbanknote issued during the catastrophic hyperinflation of 1923, denominated at 500 million Mark (Fünfhundert Milliarden Mark). The note bears the date 26 October 1923, Berlin, and features the Weimar eagle emblem of the German Reich flanking the denomination. The text specifies that the Reichsbankhaupitkasse in Berlin will pay the bearer and that from 1 February 1924 the note can be called in and exchanged for other legal tender. Multiple signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium members appear below the text.

back_description:
  Plain unprinted reverse, typical of emergency hyperinflation notes produced at extreme speed during the final months of the Papiermark collapse in 1923.

historical_notes:
  This 500-million-Mark note belongs to the final phase of Weimar Germany's hyperinflation, issued in October 1923 when currency values spiraled out of control daily. The Reichsbank printed emergency notes in astronomical denominations—by November 1923 a loaf of bread cost billions of marks. The note's text explicitly references its limited validity, stating it could be called in from 1 February 1924 for exchange. The hyperinflation ended when the Rentenmark was introduced in November 1923 (at 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark), and this currency was formally demonetized on 1 February 1924. These notes were mass-produced by the Reichsdruckerei on plain paper with minimal security features due to the urgent need for currency. They represent one of history's most extreme monetary crises.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 5000 Mark
series_name: Third Reich Issue
series_year: 1922
series_range: 1922–1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x75
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b7355,#2f1e0f,#d4c5a9
portrait_subject: Albrecht Dürer
themes: artist
pick_number: P-81
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:00
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:00
front_description:
  Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528), German Renaissance artist and printmaker from Nuremberg. Dürer was one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance, renowned for his engravings, paintings, and theoretical writings on art and mathematics; his self-portrait appears on this inflation-era banknote as a symbol of German cultural achievement. The note is dated 'Berlin, den 2. Dezember 1922' and bears the text stating it is legal tender payable by the Reichsbank hauptkasse in Berlin, valid from 1 April 1923 onwards and exchangeable under certain conditions for other payment instruments.

back_description:
  Ornamental guilloche pattern with the denomination 'Fünftausend Mark' (Five Thousand Mark) in Gothic script within decorative borders. The reverse features intricate geometric security printing patterns typical of Weimar-era German banknotes, with the denomination repeated at corners alongside the imperial eagle motif. A warning text at bottom states that counterfeiting will be punished with imprisonment.

historical_notes:
  This 5000 Mark note was issued during the hyperinflation period of the Weimar Republic (1922–1923), when the Papiermark collapsed due to war reparations, economic crisis, and excessive money printing. By December 1922, inflation was already severe; within a year, the currency became virtually worthless, with trillion-mark notes issued in 1923. The Papiermark was replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. This series features prominent German cultural figures as a means of projecting national pride during economic catastrophe. P-81 is among the most common hyperinflation notes and is widely available to collectors.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 500000
series_name: Third inflation series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1924
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
signatures: Unknown
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 178x106
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#4a4a3a,#2f2f2f
reverse_subject: German Imperial Eagle (Reichsadler)
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-88b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (German blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:20
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:20:36
front_description:
  500,000 Mark note issued by the Reichsbankdirektorium during the Weimar Republic hyperinflation of 1923. The serial number appears twice (F.0211972) at top and bottom of the note. The text warns that counterfeiting is punishable by penitentiary and warns against circulation outside the Reich. This denomination represents the catastrophic currency collapse of 1923, when notes were issued in increasingly massive denominations as the Mark became nearly worthless.

back_description:
  German Imperial Eagle (Reichsadler) in medallions on both left and right sides. The central text 'Fünfhunderttausend Mark' (Five hundred thousand Mark) appears in ornate Gothic script. The design includes ornamental borders and denomination indicators '500000' in the corners. The Imperial Eagle, a symbol dating back to the Holy Roman Empire, was retained by the Weimar Republic as a national emblem.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the third inflation series of 1923, issued during the catastrophic hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic that peaked in late 1923. By November 1923, prices doubled every few days and workers were paid multiple times daily. The 500,000 Mark denomination reflects the extreme devaluation: by November 1923, 500,000 Marks could purchase only a fraction of what 1 Mark bought in 1914. The hyperinflation was ended by introduction of the Rentenmark in November 1923 at an exchange rate of 1 Rentenmark to 1 trillion (10^12) Papiermark. These notes were demonetized in 1924.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 20
series_name: Reichsbanknote series
series_year: 1910
series_range: 1906-1914
issue_year: 1910
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Gulden
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium: Three signatures visible but illegible in image
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 185x110
watermark: Denomination and decorative pattern visible in clear areas
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d2691e,#2f4f4f
reverse_subject: Geometric guilloche pattern
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-40b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:20:57
front_description:
  Imperial German Reichsbanknote issued under Kaiser Wilhelm II. The note features the Imperial German Eagle (Reichsadler) at right within an ornate rosette, with elaborate guilloche patterns at left and bottom corners. The text states this 20 Mark note is payable by the Reichsbank main office in Berlin without legitimation verification to the bearer. Dated Berlin, 21 April 1910, bearing the heading 'Reichsbanknote' in ornate Gothic script and signed by the Reichsbankdirektorium. The serial number E7790582 appears in red on both left and right margins.

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche pattern featuring an elaborate rosette design with interlocking circular motifs in brown and orange ink. The denomination '20' appears prominently at center within concentric circular bands containing repeated text 'ZWANZIG MARK'. The serial number E7790582 is repeated in red at top and bottom. Fine microtext legal warnings appear vertically along both left and right margins regarding counterfeiting penalties.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued by the German Empire's Reichsbank from 1906 to 1914, during the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II. These notes were the standard circulating currency of Imperial Germany before World War I. The 1910 issue date places it in the late Wilhelmine period of economic prosperity. Following Germany's defeat in WWI and the hyperinflation of the early 1920s, these notes were demonetized in 1924 with the currency reform that introduced the Reichsmark. The elaborate guilloche work and Gothic typography are characteristic of German banknote design of this period, emphasizing security through complex engraving rather than later technologies.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 100
series_name: Reichsbanknote Series 1908
series_year: 1908
series_range: 1908–1914
issue_year: 1908
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium signatures
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 185x115
watermark: Imperial German eagle in center field
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #4a6b7c,#d4c5a9,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Germania (allegorical figure)
reverse_subject: German Imperial Eagle with crown
themes: mythology,statesman
pick_number: P-33
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin with Fraktur (Gothic) typeface
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:20:46
front_description:
  Germania, the allegorical female personification of the German nation, shown in an ornate medallion at center. She is flanked by two allegorical female figures representing aspects of German virtue and prosperity. Germania was widely used on Imperial German banknotes and coins as a national symbol during the German Empire period (1871–1918), representing the unity and strength of the German nation. The neoclassical design reflects the artistic conventions of late Imperial Germany.

back_description:
  The German Imperial Eagle (Reichsadler) with crown, the heraldic symbol of the German Empire. The eagle holds an orb and scepter, traditional symbols of imperial authority. The text 'Reichsbanknote Einhundert Mark' (Reichsbank Note One Hundred Marks) is prominently displayed in ornate Gothic script. The note is dated Berlin, 7 February 1908, and bears the red seals of the Reichsbank with the Imperial Eagle. This design represents the authority of the German Empire under Kaiser Wilhelm II.

historical_notes:
  This is a 100 Mark Reichsbanknote from the 1908 series, issued by the Reichsbank during the German Empire period. These notes circulated from 1908 until the end of World War I and into the early Weimar Republic. The series was gradually withdrawn during the hyperinflation period of 1921–1923, when the Mark lost virtually all its value. The notes were formally demonetized in 1924 with the introduction of the Rentenmark and then the Reichsmark. The 1908 series is notable for its elaborate engraving and use of traditional German imperial symbolism, reflecting the confidence and stability of the pre-WWI German economy.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 1000
series_name: Reichsbanknote Series 1910
series_year: 1910
series_range: 1910–1914
issue_year: 1910
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: German Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 210x125
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7d6b,#d4a574,#c85a54
reverse_subject: Imperial Coat of Arms of Germany
themes: statesman,monarchy
pick_number: P-44
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:57
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:19:57
front_description:
  German Empire 1000 Mark Reichsbanknote issued 21 April 1910. The text 'Ein Tausend Mark' (One Thousand Marks) appears in ornate Gothic lettering with the payment clause stating the note is payable at the Reichshauptbankasse in Berlin without legitimation check to the bearer. The date 'Berlin den 21 April 1910' is clearly printed along with 'Reichsbankdirektorium' and signatures of bank officials. This design represents the Imperial German monetary system before World War I.

back_description:
  Imperial Coat of Arms of Germany (Reichswappen) supported by two allegorical female figures representing German states or virtues. The double-headed eagle bears the Prussian shield at center, surrounded by elaborate heraldic ornamentation typical of the German Empire period (1871–1918). The design symbolizes the unity and power of the German Reich under the Hohenzollern dynasty.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued by the German Empire's Reichsbank beginning in 1906 and continuing through 1914. The 1910 issue predates World War I and represents the stable monetary system of Imperial Germany. These notes were eventually superseded during the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic (1919–1923) and formally replaced by the Rentenmark in 1923 and then the Reichsmark in 1924. The ornate design reflects the artistic style and imperial symbolism of the Wilhelmine era.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 100000
series_name: Third Hyperinflation Issue
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923–1924
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbanknote
issuer_native: Reichsbanknote
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x105
watermark: Geometric pattern
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #6b5d52,#4a4035,#8b7d6b
portrait_subject: Merchant or burgher figure
reverse_subject: Ornate geometric guilloche pattern
themes: statesman,commemorative
pick_number: P-83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:20:21
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:21:19
front_description:
  Portrait of a merchant or burgher in Renaissance-era dress and cap, representing the German middle class and commercial tradition. The figure embodies the economic history of Germany during a period of catastrophic hyperinflation in 1923, when the Reichsmark lost virtually all value and such enormous denominations became necessary for daily transactions. The Weimar Republic issued notes in astronomical denominations as inflation spiraled out of control, with 100,000 Mark notes becoming commonplace before the currency reform.

back_description:
  Ornate geometric guilloche pattern with the denomination 100000 Mark repeated in ornamental frames. The reverse design uses intricate line work and rosette patterns as anti-counterfeiting measures, though the rapid printing requirements during hyperinflation meant security features were often simplified. The text 'Reichsbanknote' appears in decorative script within the pattern work.

historical_notes:
  This 100,000 Mark note was issued during the catastrophic German hyperinflation of 1923, one of the most extreme episodes of currency devaluation in modern history. By late 1923, the Reichsmark had become essentially worthless, with prices doubling every few days. The Reichsbank printed notes in ever-larger denominations—millions, billions, and eventually trillions of Marks—to keep pace with inflation caused by war reparations, economic disruption, and the Ruhr occupation. This series was replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark, stabilizing the German economy. These hyperinflation notes remain common today as historical artifacts of economic catastrophe.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 2000000
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1923-1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924-08-30
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium: illegible signatures
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x60
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4a574,#3d3021
reverse_subject: Allegorical female figure (Germania)
themes: commemorative,mythology
pick_number: P-89a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:20:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:20:22
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote 2 Millionen Mark (2,000,000 Mark) from the Weimar Republic hyperinflation period. The note bears the inscription 'REICHSBANKNOTE' at top and '2 MILLIONEN MARK' at bottom, with elaborate guilloche patterns and ornamental rosettes on both sides. The central oval contains the denomination '2000000' in ornate numerals. This note represents the catastrophic hyperinflation of 1923, when the German mark became virtually worthless due to war reparations and economic crisis.

back_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Germania in profile, appearing in ornamental frames on both left and right sides of the reverse. The note is dated 'Berlin, Den 23. Juli 1923' and bears the text 'ZAHLT DIE REICHSBANKHAUPT-KASSE IN BERLIN GEGEN DIESE BANKNOTE DEM EINLIEFERER' (The Reichsbank main office in Berlin pays the bearer against this banknote). Circular seals marked 'RBD' (Reichsbankdirektorium) appear in the corners, with signatures of the Reichsbank directors below. The suffix 'E Va' indicates the validation series.

historical_notes:
  This 2 million Mark note from July 23, 1923, is part of the Weimar Republic hyperinflation series, one of history's most extreme monetary crises. By mid-1923, the German Papiermark had collapsed due to excessive money printing to pay WWI reparations and finance government deficits. Denominations reached into the billions and trillions before the currency was replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at an exchange rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These hyperinflation notes are widely collected as historical artifacts documenting economic collapse. The Reichsbank issued notes of increasing denominations throughout 1923, making previously unimaginable values commonplace.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 100 Mark
series_name: Third Reich Issue
series_year: 1920
series_range: 1920-1923
issue_year: 1920
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbanknote
issuer_native: Reichsbanknote
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x115
watermark: Ornamental pattern in center field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b9a7e,#d4a574,#c85a54
portrait_subject: Allegorical female figures
reverse_subject: Ornamental design with oak leaves
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-69
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:00
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:00
front_description:
  Two allegorical female figures representing Germania appear in ornate frames on either side of the denomination. The text 'Hundert Mark' is prominently displayed in Gothic blackletter script in the center, with issuing text below reading 'ZAHLE ICH GEGEN DIESE BANKNOTE HUNDERT MARK REICHSKASSENSCHEIN' and dated 'BERLIN, DEN 1. NOVEMBER 1920'. The Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) appears in red circular seals at lower left and right. This design is characteristic of the Weimar Republic hyperinflationary period when the Papiermark was rapidly losing value.

back_description:
  Central oval medallion containing the denomination '100' with 'Mark' below, surrounded by ornamental oak leaf wreaths and geometric guilloche patterns. The denomination '100' appears in each corner. Oak leaves were a traditional German symbol representing strength and endurance, commonly used on currency of this period.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Mark note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued during the early Weimar Republic period, printed on November 1, 1920. This was the beginning phase of the catastrophic hyperinflation that would devastate the German economy from 1921-1923. The Papiermark, which had been introduced in 1914 to replace the pre-war Goldmark, rapidly depreciated during and after World War I. By 1923, the currency had become virtually worthless, with trillion-mark notes being issued. The Papiermark was finally replaced by the Rentenmark in November 1923 at a rate of 1 trillion Papiermark to 1 Rentenmark, ending the hyperinflation. The Reichsdruckerei (Reich Printing Office) in Berlin produced these notes in massive quantities during this period.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 500 Mark
series_name: Reichsbanknote series
series_year: 1922
series_range: 1922-1923
issue_year: 1922
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium signatures: Havenstein, Luther, Schacht, von Glasenapp
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 210x105
color_palette: #c9b896,#8b7355,#3d3d3d
themes: government
pick_number: P-74b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur/Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:00
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:21:50
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote 500 Mark from the hyperinflationary period of Weimar Germany, dated 7 July 1922. The note features the Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) seal of the Reichsbank in two roundels flanking four signatures representing the Reichsbankdirektorium. The Gothic Fraktur text states that the Reichshauptkasse in Berlin pays the bearer and that from 1 April 1923 the note can be recalled and exchanged for other legal tender. This simple design reflects the emergency mass production of currency during the accelerating hyperinflation that would ultimately destroy the Papiermark.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printed design, showing only the paper substrate with visible aging, staining, and wear. The blank back was a cost-saving measure during the hyperinflationary crisis when the Reichsbank was printing billions of marks daily to meet demand.

historical_notes:
  This 500 Mark note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued during the Weimar Republic's catastrophic hyperinflation of 1922-1923. Dated 7 July 1922, it was printed during the accelerating phase of the crisis when the Mark was rapidly losing value against foreign currencies. By late 1923, trillion-mark notes would be issued. The inscription regarding recall from 1 April 1923 reflects attempts to manage the currency chaos. The hyperinflation was finally ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These notes are historically significant as tangible evidence of one of history's most severe monetary collapses, but remain relatively common due to the enormous quantities printed.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 20
series_name: Reichsbanknote series 1908-1910
series_year: 1910
series_range: 1908-1914
issue_year: 1910
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium: visible signatures present but illegible in image
printer: Reichsdruckerei Berlin
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 170x105
watermark: Geometric pattern visible in clear field
security_features: intaglio,microprint,guilloche
color_palette: #c8b88d,#8b4513,#2f4f4f
reverse_subject: Ornamental rosette design
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-40b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur (German blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:01
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:01
front_description:
  Imperial German Eagle (Reichsadler) with spread wings, crown above, shield on breast displaying the Prussian eagle, positioned at upper right within ornamental border. The Reichsadler was the heraldic symbol of the German Empire from 1871-1918, representing imperial authority. The note displays the text 'Reichsbanknote zwanzig Mark' with the date 'Berlin, den 21. April 1910' and states that the Reichsbank in Berlin pays the bearer 20 marks without legitimation check. Three signatures of Reichsbank directors appear below. Serial number G7384953 in red appears vertically on both left and right margins.

back_description:
  Ornamental rosette design consisting of an elaborate guilloche pattern with the denomination '20' at center, surrounded by intricate geometric and floral motifs forming a symmetrical medallion. Serial number G7384953 repeated at top and bottom in red overprint. The design represents the sophisticated anti-counterfeiting printing techniques of the early 20th century German Reichsdruckerei.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued from 1908-1914 by the German Empire's central bank, the Reichsbank. The 21 April 1910 date represents the authorization date printed on this series. These notes circulated during the final years of the German Empire and through World War I. The series was rendered essentially worthless by the hyperinflation of 1922-1923 and was officially demonetized with the introduction of the Rentenmark in 1924. The Reichsdruckerei in Berlin produced these notes with sophisticated intaglio printing and guilloche patterns to prevent counterfeiting.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 100
series_name: Reichsbanknote Series
series_year: 1910
series_range: 1908-1914
issue_year: 1910
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: German Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium members (illegible)
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 185x115
watermark: Allegorical figure in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio,raised_print
color_palette: #2f4f4f,#8b0000,#daa520
portrait_subject: Germania (allegorical female figures)
reverse_subject: Germania with shield and sword
themes: mythology,statesman,industry
pick_number: P-42
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur/Gothic)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:01
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:21:30
front_description:
  Germania, the allegorical female personification of Germany, appears in profile busts on both sides of the center text. These classical representations symbolized the German Empire during the Imperial period. The note is inscribed 'Reichsbanknote' in Gothic script and dated 'Berlin, den 21. April 1910.' It bears the authority statement that the Reichsbank in Berlin pays the bearer of this note without legitimation check. Two red seals of the Reichsbank appear flanking the denomination and signatures of the Reichsbankdirektorium.

back_description:
  Germania seated in classical robes holding a sword and leaning against a shield bearing the German Imperial eagle. The scene includes allegorical elements of German industry and commerce, with a ship visible in the background on the left representing maritime trade. The ornate design features elaborate scrollwork and the denomination '100' repeated in the corners. This imagery reinforced German imperial power and economic strength during the Kaiserreich period.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Mark note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued by the German Empire's central bank (Reichsbank) between 1908 and 1914. These notes circulated during the final years of the Kaiserreich under Wilhelm II. The 1910 series featured elaborate engraved designs with allegorical representations of Germania, typical of Imperial German banknote aesthetics. Following World War I and the hyperinflation crisis of 1923, these notes were demonetized and replaced by the Rentenmark in 1924. The Gothic script ('Fraktur') and classical imagery reflect the cultural preferences of Imperial Germany.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 20
series_name: Reichsbanknote Series 1929
series_year: 1929
series_range: 1929–1945
issue_year: 1929
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948
predecessor_currency: Rentenmark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x105
watermark: Large denomination numeral 20 in central oval field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#5a4a3a,#d4c4a8
reverse_subject: Ornamental design with allegorical figures and flora
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: R-181a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:21:59
front_description:
  20 Reichsmark banknote issued under the Weimar Republic. The front bears elaborate Gothic text reading 'Zwanzig Reichsmark' with legal text referencing the banking law of 30 August 1924 and the penal law of 2 January 1929. The design features ornate guilloche patterns typical of Reichsbank notes of this period, with denomination numerals in the corners. These notes were issued during the stabilization period following the hyperinflation crisis of 1923, when the Reichsmark replaced the Rentenmark at par.

back_description:
  Ornamental reverse design featuring allegorical figures representing German labor and agriculture. On the left, a male figure with tools symbolizes industry; on the right, a female figure with agricultural produce represents farming. The central oval watermark area is surrounded by intricate guilloche work and floral motifs, reflecting the nationalist artistic style of the Weimar period. The denomination '20' appears in all four corners.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series introduced in 1924 following Germany's devastating hyperinflation. The Reichsmark was established at a rate of 1 Reichsmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. The 1929 series continued through the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich period, and remained in circulation until currency reform in 1948 when it was replaced by the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and the Mark der DDR in East Germany. The 'R' prefix on the serial number indicates this is a replacement note, used to substitute notes destroyed during production.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 5
series_name: Wehrmacht issue
series_year: 1942
series_range: 1942–1945
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948-06-20
predecessor_currency: Papiermark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x80
watermark: Geometric pattern left side
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#a0826d,#d4c5a9
reverse_subject: Jacquard loom with allegorical figures
themes: industry,agriculture
pick_number: R140b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:01
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:22:11
front_description:
  Nazi Germany 5 Reichsmark Wehrmacht occupation currency note issued during World War II. The front features the large denomination '5' at left with the Reichsadler (Reich Eagle) emblem bearing a swastika within a circular seal marked 'REICHSBANK DER DEUTSCHEN REICHES'. Gothic text 'Fünf Reichsmark' (Five Reichsmarks) appears at center. This series was issued for use by German forces in occupied territories during WWII.

back_description:
  Jacquard loom with two allegorical figures representing German industry and agriculture. A male worker stands at right operating the mechanical loom depicted at center, while a female figure in traditional dress stands at left holding grain sheaves, symbolizing agricultural production. The word 'Reichsmark' appears at top. The legal warning text at bottom states that counterfeiting or falsifying banknotes will be punished with up to two years in prison.

historical_notes:
  This 5 Reichsmark note belongs to the Wehrmacht occupation currency series issued 1942–1945 by the Reichsbank for use by German military forces in occupied territories during World War II. These notes circulated alongside regular Reichsmark currency but were primarily intended for military payment and occupation administration. The series features Gothic typography and Nazi emblems including the Reichsadler with swastika. All Reichsmark currency was demonetized with the 1948 currency reform that introduced the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and the East German Mark in the Soviet zone. Pick catalogue reference R140b indicates this specific variant with the 'H' prefix serial number.


country: Germany
currency: Reichsmark
denomination: 5
series_name: Reichsbanknote series
series_year: 1942
series_range: 1942-1945
issue_year: 1942
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1948-06-20
predecessor_currency: Rentenmark
successor_currency: Deutsche Mark
issuer: Reichsbank
issuer_native: Reichsbank
signatures: President: Walther Funk
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x65
watermark: Gothic pattern with denomination
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#a0926f,#4a4a3a
portrait_subject: Young woman in traditional German dress
reverse_subject: Frauenkirche, Munich
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-186b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin (Fraktur)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:19
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:38:34
front_description:
  Young woman in traditional German folk costume, representing the idealized German populace during the Nazi period. The 5 Reichsmark note was part of the small denomination Reichsbanknote series issued during World War II. The design emphasizes traditional Germanic imagery and folk culture as part of the regime's cultural propaganda. The Reichsbank seal appears at lower left with denomination.

back_description:
  Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady) in Munich, the iconic Gothic cathedral with its distinctive twin towers topped with copper onion domes, built 1468-1488 and one of Munich's most recognizable landmarks. Flanking the church are allegorical figures representing German workers and farmers, emphasizing the Nazi ideology of labor and agricultural productivity. The building serves as a symbol of German architectural heritage and cultural continuity.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Reichsbanknote series issued during World War II (1942-1945) by the Reichsbank under Nazi Germany. The 5 Reichsmark denomination was among the most common small notes in circulation during the war years. These notes were demonetized with the currency reform of June 20, 1948, when the Allied occupation authorities introduced the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and the East German mark in the Soviet zone. The imagery deliberately invoked traditional German culture and architecture as part of the regime's nationalist ideology.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 10 Pfennig
series_name: Notgeld issue
series_year: 1921
series_range: 1921–1922
issue_year: 1921
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1923
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Stadt Rastenberg
material: paper
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b4513,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Municipal coat of arms of Rastenberg with town gate and crab
themes: architecture,commemorative
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Fraktur blackletter German
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:53
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:38:42
front_description:
  The municipal coat of arms of Rastenberg, Thuringia, featuring a crowned shield with ornate baroque flourishes. The shield depicts a town gate with a crab (cancer/Krabbe) above it, representing the town's name etymology and heraldic device. The banner above reads text identifying the issuing authority. The town silhouette at top shows Rastenberg's skyline with church spire and buildings. Gothic blackletter text at bottom reads 'Notgeld der Stadt Rastenberg' (Emergency money of the City of Rastenberg) with validity dates.

back_description:
  The reverse displays the municipal coat of arms of Rastenberg in simplified form, showing a town gate with a crab above it within a shield. The gate is depicted in silhouette with classical columns on either side. Text 'Pfennig Notgeld der Stadt Rastenberg' (Pfennig emergency money of the City of Rastenberg) frames the design on both sides. The crab is a heraldic reference to the town's name.

historical_notes:
  This is a Notgeld (emergency money) note issued by the city of Rastenberg in Thuringia during the early Weimar Republic hyperinflation period. Notgeld was locally issued scrip produced by German municipalities, businesses, and institutions between 1914–1924 due to shortages of official currency. The 1921 issues were among the most common as inflation accelerated. Rastenberg's notes featured the town's distinctive heraldic crab (Krabbe/cancer), which appears in its coat of arms as a play on the town name. These small-denomination notes were typically printed in series with artistic designs celebrating local history and identity. Most Notgeld was demonetized by 1923 when the Rentenmark was introduced to stabilize the currency.


country: Germany
currency: Papiermark
denomination: 200000 Mark
series_name: Inflation series
series_year: 1923
series_range: 1919–1923
issue_year: 1923
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Goldmark
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Reichsbankdirektorium
issuer_native: Reichsbankdirektorium
printer: Reichsdruckerei
material: paper
watermark: Geometric pattern with circular rosettes visible in clear areas
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c5b59a,#000000,#8b7355
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-100
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:54
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:54
front_description:
  Reichsbanknote issued during the German hyperinflation of 1923. The note bears the Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) seal of the Reichsbankdirektorium on both sides of the denomination. Dated Berlin, 9 August 1923. The text states that the Reichsbank in Berlin pays this note to the bearer and that from 1 September 1923 onward these notes can be called in and exchanged for other legal tender. This 200,000 Mark note represents the catastrophic currency collapse of the Weimar Republic, when prices doubled every few days and banknotes were printed with ever-higher denominations.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with faint mirror-image impression of the denomination '200000' visible as show-through from the front printing. The minimalist back design was characteristic of emergency inflation notes, which prioritized rapid production over elaborate security features as the currency spiraled into worthlessness.

historical_notes:
  Part of the German hyperinflation series of 1919–1923, the most severe monetary crisis in modern Western history. By August 1923, when this note was issued, the Papiermark had lost virtually all value against gold and foreign currencies. The denomination of 200,000 Mark, which would have been unthinkable even months earlier, became insufficient within weeks. The crisis ended in November 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark at a rate of 1 Rentenmark = 1 trillion Papiermark. These notes are now common collectibles, serving as historical artifacts of economic catastrophe.


country: Germany
currency: Mark
denomination: 75 Pfennig
series_name: Notgeld series
series_year: 1921
series_range: 1921
issue_year: 1921
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1923
successor_currency: Rentenmark
issuer: Stadt Grünberg in Schlesien
issuer_native: Stadt Grünberg in Schlesien
signatures: Bürgermeister: Mundt
printer: Rats-Druckerei R. Dulce, Glauchau
material: paper
color_palette: #d4af37,#4a7c59,#2d3142
reverse_subject: Devil emptying wine barrel
themes: agriculture,industry,commemorative,mythology
commemorative_occasion: Fruit and wine city of Grünberg
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:22:58
front_description:
  Notgeld issued by Grünberg in Schlesien (now Zielona Góra, Poland), a city historically known for its viticulture and textile production. The central coat of arms displays the city's emblems with two towers and a decorative urn, surrounded by grapevine borders symbolizing the region's wine industry. The left panel depicts a weaving loom labeled 'Tuchweberei' (cloth weaving) representing textile merchant Georg Schilling, while the right panel shows a wine barrel labeled 'Weinbaus' (wine house). The inscription 'Obst und Wein-Stadt des Ostens' identifies Grünberg as the 'Fruit and Wine City of the East'. Valid until December 31, 1921, per magistrate decree, signed by Bürgermeister Mundt.

back_description:
  Silhouette scene depicting a devil or demon figure emptying a large wine barrel, with the inscription 'Wir tranken beinah die halbe Nacht' (We drank almost half the night) at top and 'Da wurde manch Krüglein leer gemacht' (Many a jug was emptied) at bottom. The humorous vignette references local wine culture and drinking traditions. Decorative grapevine borders frame the design, with 'Pfg' (Pfennig) marked vertically on both sides. The folk-art style is typical of commemorative German Notgeld issued during the hyperinflation period.

historical_notes:
  This is German municipal emergency currency (Notgeld) issued by Grünberg in Schlesien during the post-WWI economic crisis and early Weimar hyperinflation. Grünberg (modern Zielona Góra, Poland) was a major wine-producing center in Silesia until 1945. These decorative Notgeld pieces were issued by municipalities when the central government could not supply sufficient small-denomination coinage. The 75 Pfennig denomination was common for Notgeld. This series celebrates local industries—particularly viticulture and textile manufacturing—with Georg Schilling being a notable local textile merchant. The artistic designs made these notes collectible even during their period of validity. Most Notgeld was demonetized by 1923 with the introduction of the Rentenmark to stabilize the currency.


country: Germany
currency: Pfennig (Notgeld)
denomination: 10 Pfennige
series_name: Serie II
issue_year: 1920
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Stadt Liegnitz
issuer_native: Stadt Liegnitz
signatures: Unterschrift: Markmann; Unterschrift: Bürgermeister (signature illegible)
printer: Geographisches Institut Paul Beradt Liegnitz
material: paper
color_palette: #d4a574,#6b8e6b,#2d2d2d
reverse_subject: Historic building in Liegnitz (possibly Ritterakademie or public building)
themes: architecture
language_script: Fraktur (German blackletter)
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:17
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:38:51
front_description:
  Notgeld emergency currency issued by the Stadt Liegnitz (City of Liegnitz, now Legnica, Poland), denomination 10 Pfennige. The note features Gothic-style lettering reading 'Gutschein über Zehn Pfennige' (Voucher for Ten Pfennigs) with decorative green wreath borders and Art Nouveau-style ornamentation. Two signatures appear at the bottom, one identified as 'Markmann' and the other as the Bürgermeister (mayor). Printed by Geographisches Institut Paul Beradt Liegnitz, as noted in the imprint.

back_description:
  Historic building in Liegnitz set within landscaped gardens with trees and a pond or reflecting pool in the foreground. The architecture appears to be a classical-style institutional building, possibly the Ritterakademie (Knight's Academy) or another significant public building in the city. Text 'Serie II' at top indicates this is from the second series of notgeld issued by the municipality. Left margin contains redemption conditions text: 'Die Scheine verlieren ihre Gültigkeit mit Ablauf der im Umlauf bestimmten Frist' (The notes lose their validity upon expiry of the specified circulation period). Serial number '0480846' appears vertically at right.

historical_notes:
  Notgeld (emergency money) issued by the municipality of Liegnitz during the period of hyperinflation and currency shortage in Germany, most likely during or shortly after World War I (1914–1923). Liegnitz (now Legnica, Poland) was an important Prussian city in Lower Silesia. Local authorities issued small-denomination paper scrip when imperial coinage became scarce. The Serie II designation indicates this was part of a multi-series issuance. Such notgeld were typically valid only within the issuing municipality and for limited time periods. After Germany's territorial losses following WWII, Liegnitz became part of Poland and these notes became obsolete.


country: Gibraltar
currency: GIP
denomination: 1
series_name: 1975 series
series_range: 1975–1988
issue_year: 1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1988
issuer: Government of Gibraltar
signatures: Financial and Development Secretary: R. A. Ward
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x75
watermark: Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in left panel
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: The Convent, Governor's Residence Gibraltar
themes: monarch,architecture
pick_number: P-20b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:50
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926, reigned 1952–2022), longest-reigning British monarch and Head of State of Gibraltar throughout its development as a British Overseas Territory. The note features her effigy alongside the Rock of Gibraltar and the coat of arms of Gibraltar (displaying a three-towered red castle with golden key, with motto 'MONTIS INSIGNIA CALPE'). This design was used on Gibraltar's first locally-issued currency notes authorized under the Currency Note Ordinance Cap 38.

back_description:
  The Convent, official residence of the Governor of Gibraltar, located on Main Street in Gibraltar. Originally built as a Franciscan convent in 1531, it has served as the Governor's residence since 1728 and is one of Gibraltar's most important historical buildings, combining Moorish, Spanish, and British architectural elements.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1975 series, the first issue of Gibraltar pound notes by the Government of Gibraltar following the Currency Note Ordinance. It was issued on 15 September 1975 as indicated on the note and circulated until being replaced by the 1988 series. The notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue and featured Queen Elizabeth II's portrait, establishing the design template that would continue in subsequent Gibraltar currency issues. This series represented Gibraltar's transition to locally-managed currency distinct from Bank of England notes.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 500
series_name: 1983 Issue
series_year: 1983
series_range: 1983-1987
issue_year: 1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: I. Chalikias; Cashier: V. Rapanos
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 163x83
watermark: Portrait of Ioannis Kapodistrias in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #8b7d6b,#d4c5a0,#556b2f
portrait_subject: Ioannis Kapodistrias
reverse_subject: Old Fortress of Corfu
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: 201
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:55
front_description:
  Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831), Greek statesman and diplomat who served as the first head of state of independent Greece (1827–1831). A former foreign minister of the Russian Empire, he returned to Greece during the War of Independence and became the first Governor of the newly established Hellenic Republic. His efforts to modernize the Greek state and establish institutions were cut short by his assassination in 1831. He is widely honored as a founder of modern Greece and appears on multiple Greek banknote series.

back_description:
  The Old Fortress of Corfu (Palaio Frourio), a Venetian fortress on the island of Corfu that protected the city from Ottoman invasions. Built on an artificial islet with origins dating to Byzantine times, the fortress was extensively developed by the Venetians between the 15th and 16th centuries. The site includes the distinctive Church of St. George built in the British colonial period. The fortress symbolizes Corfu's strategic importance and its unique history as one of the few Greek territories never conquered by the Ottomans.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1983 Issue series of Greek drachma banknotes, issued by the Bank of Greece during the period before Greece's adoption of the euro. The 500 drachma denomination was a mid-range note in circulation during the 1980s. The series featured prominent Greek historical figures and landmarks, with Kapodistrias honored on this denomination for his role in establishing the modern Greek state. Greek drachma notes were withdrawn from circulation on 28 February 2002, when Greece fully transitioned to the euro, though exchange was permitted for a period thereafter.


country: Ghana
currency: GHS
denomination: 100
series_name: Cedi series 1983–1990
series_year: 1983
series_range: 1983–1990
issue_year: 1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2007
predecessor_currency: Cedi
successor_currency: Ghana Cedi (redenominated)
issuer: Bank of Ghana
issuer_native: መሣቀለ ዴ ናግሩና
signatures: Governor: (signature illegible)
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x73
watermark: Portrait of young person in clear field at left
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c4a66a,#6b4c8a,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Young Ghanaian man
reverse_subject: Agricultural workers harvesting crops
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture,industry
pick_number: P-27b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:50
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:39:02
front_description:
  Young Ghanaian man in traditional dress, representing the youth and future of independent Ghana. The note features the Bank of Ghana emblem with the inscription 'GYE NYAME' (symbol of the supremacy of God in Akan culture) and traditional Adinkra patterns. The motto 'THIS NOTE IS ISSUED ON STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND IS LEGAL TENDER FOR THE PAYMENT OF ANY AMOUNT' appears below the denomination. This design was part of Ghana's early post-independence currency series emphasizing national identity and development.

back_description:
  Agricultural workers harvesting crops in a field, symbolizing Ghana's agrarian economy and the importance of agriculture to national development. The scene shows multiple workers engaged in harvesting activities with grain stalks, representing the country's agricultural productivity and rural workforce. This imagery reflects Ghana's emphasis on agricultural self-sufficiency and rural development during the 1980s period.

historical_notes:
  The 100 Cedis note was part of Ghana's currency series issued during the period of economic instability and multiple redenominations. Dated 1st April 1983, this series was issued during the PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council) military government under Jerry Rawlings. The 'old' Cedi suffered severe inflation through the 1980s and 1990s, ultimately leading to a redenomination in 2007 when 10,000 old Cedis became 1 new Ghana Cedi. Notes from this era are now demonetized but remain collectible as historical artifacts of Ghana's post-independence monetary challenges.


country: Greece
currency: Drachma
denomination: 1
series_name: Liberation Issue
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1944–1944
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Drachma (Axis occupation currency)
successor_currency: Drachma (1944 revaluation)
issuer: Kingdom of Greece
issuer_native: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Minister of Finance
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x75
security_features: guilloche_patterns,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c4a0,#4a5c3a,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Phoenix rising from flames
themes: commemorative,mythology
commemorative_occasion: Liberation of Greece from Axis occupation
pick_number: P-319
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:51
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:23:51
front_description:
  Liberation Issue 1 Drachma note issued in Athens in November 1944, immediately following the liberation of Greece from Axis occupation. The inscription 'ΠΛΗΡΩΤΕΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΗ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΕΙ Ο ΥΠΟΥΡΓΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ ΤΗ 9 ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟΣ 1944' translates to 'Payable upon presentation by the Minister of Finance in Athens on 9 November 1944'. This emergency currency was issued by the newly restored Greek government to replace the hyperinflated occupation drachma and stabilize the economy after four years of Axis rule.

back_description:
  Phoenix rising from flames, a powerful symbol of Greece's rebirth and resurrection following liberation from Nazi occupation in October 1944. The phoenix, a creature from Greek mythology that cyclically regenerates by rising from its own ashes, was chosen to represent the renewal of Greek sovereignty and the restoration of democratic governance after years of occupation and collaboration governments. The imagery directly reflects the national sentiment of revival and independence regained.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Liberation Issue series of November 1944, issued immediately after German forces withdrew from Greece in October 1944. The series was emergency currency printed to address the severe hyperinflation caused by the occupation authorities, who had printed massive quantities of drachmas to finance their occupation costs. The Greek government issued this new series denominated in low values (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 drachmas) as a stopgap measure before monetary reform could be implemented. These notes had extremely short circulation periods and were quickly replaced by subsequent issues as Greece struggled with post-war economic chaos and civil conflict. The phoenix motif was a deliberate choice to symbolize national rebirth.


country: Greece
currency: Drachma
denomination: 20
series_name: Issue of 1940-1944
series_year: 1941
series_range: 1940–1944
issue_year: 1941
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Drachma
successor_currency: Drachma (revalued)
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: Emmanouil Tsouderos; Minister of Finance
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x65
watermark: None visible
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#4a6b5c,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Athena
reverse_subject: Seated figure with pottery
themes: mythology,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 315
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:24:12
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:39:22
front_description:
  Athena, the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, warfare, and patron deity of Athens, depicted in profile wearing her characteristic crested helmet. Athena was the most revered deity of Athens and appears frequently on Greek currency as a symbol of wisdom, strength, and Hellenic cultural heritage. The note features ornate guilloche patterns and the denomination '20 ΔΡΑΧΜΑΙ ΕΙΚΟΣΙ' (20 Drachmai Twenty) flanking the goddess.

back_description:
  A seated classical Greek figure, likely representing an artisan or potter, working with ceramic vessels—symbolizing Greek craftsmanship and the nation's ancient cultural achievements in pottery and ceramics. The scene evokes Greece's renowned tradition of pottery-making from antiquity, when Greek ceramic art was traded throughout the Mediterranean. The text 'ΔΡΑΧΜΑΙ ΕΙΚΟΣΙ' (Drachmai Twenty) appears at the bottom.

historical_notes:
  This 20 Drachma note was issued during WWII by the Bank of Greece during the Axis occupation period (1940–1944). The series circulated during one of the most difficult periods in modern Greek history, marked by severe economic disruption, inflation, and hardship under German, Italian, and Bulgarian occupation. These wartime issues were eventually withdrawn and replaced as Greece stabilized its currency after liberation in 1944. The design draws heavily on classical Greek iconography to assert national identity during occupation.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 100
series_name: 1978 series
series_year: 1978
series_range: 1978–1995
issue_year: 1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-03-01
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: signature visible; Director: signature visible
printer: Bank of Greece Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 163x78
watermark: Portrait of Athena in profile facing left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Athena
reverse_subject: Adamantios Korais
themes: mythology,writer,statesman
pick_number: 200
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:24:45
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:51
front_description:
  Athena, ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft, patron deity of Athens. The profile portrait shows her wearing a Corinthian helmet with decorative elements. Athena was central to Greek identity and culture, appearing on coinage from ancient times through the modern era. At lower right is the Zappeion Hall in Athens, a neoclassical building completed in 1888, used for exhibitions and the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. The building symbolizes Greece's cultural renaissance and connection to classical heritage.

back_description:
  Adamantios Korais (1748–1833), Greek humanist scholar and one of the most prominent figures of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. Born in Smyrna, he spent most of his life in Paris, where he worked to preserve and promote Greek language and culture during Ottoman rule. His extensive writings and editorial work on classical texts were instrumental in shaping modern Greek national consciousness and the standardization of the Greek language during the Greek War of Independence. At right is the Monastery of Arkadi in Crete, a historic monastery famous for its role in the Cretan resistance against Ottoman rule, particularly the 1866 explosion during the Cretan revolt.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1978 series of Greek drachma banknotes issued by the Bank of Greece, which circulated during the final decades before Greece adopted the euro in 2002. The series featured classical and neoclassical themes emphasizing Greek cultural continuity from ancient times through the modern era. The 100 drachma note paired the mythological figure of Athena with Adamantios Korais, linking ancient wisdom with modern enlightenment. These notes were demonetized on March 1, 2002, when Greece fully transitioned to the euro, though they could be exchanged at the Bank of Greece until March 1, 2012.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 50
series_name: Drachma series 1978
series_year: 1978
series_range: 1978-1998
issue_year: 1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: signature present; Deputy Governor: signature present
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 158x68
watermark: Portrait of Poseidon in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b9da8,#e6b87d
portrait_subject: Poseidon
reverse_subject: Laskarina Bouboulina
themes: mythology,military,transport,statesman
pick_number: 199
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:24:48
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:24:48
front_description:
  Poseidon, ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, depicted in classical sculptural style with flowing beard and trident. One of the twelve Olympian deities of the Greek pantheon, Poseidon was among the most powerful gods in Greek mythology and a central figure in Greek religion and culture. He appears frequently on Greek currency as a symbol of the nation's maritime heritage and classical legacy. The note includes classical Greek figures in a frieze at lower right, representing ancient Hellenic civilization.

back_description:
  Laskarina Bouboulina (1771–1825), Greek naval commander and heroine of the Greek War of Independence. She was one of the most prominent figures in the Greek revolution against Ottoman rule, commanding her own fleet of ships including the warship Agamemnon. A wealthy widow who devoted her fortune and life to the independence struggle, she participated in the naval blockade of Nafplion and is celebrated as one of the first female admirals in history. The reverse depicts her in traditional Greek costume alongside a sailing ship, symbolizing her naval command during the 1821 revolution.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1978 drachma series issued by the Bank of Greece, which featured mythological figures on the obverse and historical personalities on the reverse. This series remained in circulation until Greece adopted the euro in 2002, when the drachma was withdrawn. The 50 drachma note was one of the lower denominations and saw widespread everyday use. Date printed: Athens, 8 December 1978 (EN ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ ΤΗ 8Η ΔΕΚΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ 1978). The design reflects Greece's dual identity, celebrating both its ancient classical heritage through Poseidon and its modern national identity through the figure of Bouboulina, a key independence heroine.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1987 Series
series_year: 1987
series_range: 1987-2001
issue_year: 1987
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: Dimitrios Chalikias; Cashier: Alexandros Lazarides
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 163x81
watermark: Portrait of Apollo of the Belvedere
security_features: thread,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a0865c
portrait_subject: Apollo of the Belvedere
reverse_subject: Ancient Olympia archaeological site
themes: mythology,architecture,sport
pick_number: P-202a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:19
front_description:
  Apollo of the Belvedere, a Roman marble copy (c. 120–140 AD) of a lost Greek bronze original by Leochares (c. 330 BC), depicting the Greek god Apollo. The sculpture is one of the most celebrated works of classical antiquity and has been housed in the Vatican Museums since the Renaissance. Apollo, god of light, music, poetry, prophecy and the arts, was central to Greek religion and culture; his image on this banknote symbolizes Greece's classical heritage and cultural identity.

back_description:
  The archaeological site of Ancient Olympia in the Peloponnese, birthplace of the Olympic Games beginning in 776 BC. The ruins shown include Doric columns from the Temple of Zeus and surrounding structures of the sanctuary. A discus thrower (discobolus) appears at left, referencing the athletic competitions held at Olympia every four years in honour of Zeus. The site remains one of Greece's most significant archaeological treasures and a symbol of the Olympic spirit.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1987 series of Greek drachma banknotes issued by the Bank of Greece (Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος) and remained in circulation until Greece adopted the euro on 1 January 2002. The 1000 drachma denomination was one of the higher-value notes in daily use during the late 20th century. The design reflects Greece's emphasis on its classical heritage, featuring motifs from ancient Greek art and archaeology. The note was printed on security paper with intaglio engraving and incorporated a watermark of Apollo's profile. It was demonetized on 28 February 2002 following the euro transition.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 500
series_name: 1983 series
series_year: 1983
series_range: 1983-1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
predecessor_currency: Old Drachma
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: Ιωάννης Μπούρδας (Ioannis Bourdas); unknown second signatory
printer: Bank of Greece Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 163x80
watermark: Portrait of Ioannis Kapodistrias in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c9b882,#8b8b61,#6b6b47
portrait_subject: Ioannis Kapodistrias
reverse_subject: Fortress of Corfu
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: P-201
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:53
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:39:52
front_description:
  Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831), Greek diplomat, foreign minister of the Russian Empire, and first Governor of independent Greece (1828–1831). He is considered the founder of the modern Greek state and appears on this note alongside an architectural view of a building in Athens. Kapodistrias played a crucial role in Greek independence and state formation before his assassination in 1831. The date 'ΑΘΗΝΑ / ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ 1983' (Athens, February 1983) is printed on the note.

back_description:
  The Old Fortress of Corfu (Palaio Frourio), a Venetian fortress on the island of Corfu built on an ancient acropolis site. The fortress was constructed primarily between the 15th and 16th centuries during Venetian rule to protect against Ottoman attacks. The view shows the fortress on its rocky promontory with the characteristic architecture and defensive walls, symbolizing Greek maritime history and resilience. Decorative olive branches appear at the lower corners.

historical_notes:
  This 500 drachma note is part of the 1983 series issued by the Bank of Greece (Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος). This series remained in circulation throughout the 1980s and 1990s until the adoption of the Euro in 2002. The note honours Ioannis Kapodistrias, a central figure in Greek independence and state-building. The denomination was common during a period of moderate inflation in Greece. All Greek drachma notes were demonetized on February 28, 2002, following Greece's adoption of the Euro on January 1, 2001.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1987 series
series_year: 1987
series_range: 1987-2001
issue_year: 1987
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: Unknown; Cashier: Unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 160x80
watermark: Portrait of Apollo in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Apollo
reverse_subject: Ancient Olympia
themes: mythology,architecture,sport
pick_number: P-202a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:53
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:19
front_description:
  Apollo, the ancient Greek god of light, music, poetry, prophecy, and healing, depicted as the Apollon of Olympia (also known as the Apollo of Olympia). The sculpture dates from approximately 460 BCE and was part of the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Apollo appears in classical style with idealized features and curled hair, representing one of the most important Olympian deities. The note includes ancient Greek coins at lower left showing classical imagery. The denomination is prominently displayed as 1000 drachmes (ΧΙΛΙΕΣ ΔΡΑΧΜΕΣ), with the text indicating full payment upon presentation (ΠΛΗΡΩΤΕΕΣ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗ).

back_description:
  The Temple of Hera at Ancient Olympia, one of the oldest monumental temples in Greece, built around 600 BCE in the Doric order. The site, located in the Peloponnese, was the birthplace of the Olympic Games in 776 BCE and served as the primary sanctuary for the worship of Zeus and Hera. To the left is the famous ancient Greek sculpture Discobolus (Discus Thrower) by Myron (circa 450 BCE), which embodies the classical Greek ideal of athletic perfection and harmony. The combination symbolizes Greece's ancient Olympic heritage and athletic tradition. The text 'ΝΑΟΣ ΗΡΑΣ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ' (Temple of Hera, Olympia) identifies the archaeological site.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 drachma note belongs to the 1987 series issued by the Bank of Greece, which remained in circulation until Greece adopted the Euro on January 1, 2002. The drachma was demonetized on February 28, 2002, after a dual-circulation period. This series emphasized Greece's ancient cultural heritage, featuring classical art and archaeological sites. The design celebrates Greece's position as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of the Olympic Games. The Apollo motif was chosen to represent the pinnacle of classical Greek art and religious iconography.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 500
series_name: 1983 Series
series_year: 1983
series_range: 1983-2001
issue_year: 1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: K. Lazaridis; Director: K. Kolikas
printer: Bank of Greece Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 170x80
watermark: Portrait of Ioannis Kapodistrias in clear field at left
security_features: thread,watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c99f,#8a9b7a,#654321
portrait_subject: Ioannis Kapodistrias
reverse_subject: Old Fortress of Corfu
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-201
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:53
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:25:53
front_description:
  Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831), Greek diplomat, politician, and statesman who served as the first head of state of independent Greece (1827–1831). A former Russian Foreign Minister, he was appointed Governor of the newly established First Hellenic Republic and worked to organize the nascent Greek state after the War of Independence. He was assassinated in 1831 and remains one of Greece's most honoured founding figures. The front also depicts the Bank of Greece headquarters building at lower right.

back_description:
  The Old Fortress (Palaio Frourio) of Corfu, a Venetian fortress built on a rocky promontory jutting into the sea. Originally a Byzantine fortification, it was extensively rebuilt and expanded by the Venetians between the 15th and 17th centuries to defend against Ottoman attacks. The fortress is one of the most iconic landmarks of Corfu and a symbol of the island's strategic importance in the Ionian Sea. The scene shows the fortifications, the surrounding landscape with Mediterranean vegetation, and the characteristic architecture of the citadel.

historical_notes:
  The 1983 series of Greek drachma banknotes was issued by the Bank of Greece (Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος) and remained in circulation until Greece adopted the euro in 2002. The 500 drachma note was part of a series that honored major figures from Greek history, with Kapodistrias chosen to represent the nation's modern political foundation. These notes were in use throughout the final decades of the drachma, which had served as Greece's currency since 1832. The series was demonetized on February 28, 2002, when the euro became Greece's sole legal tender. The note is dated Athens, 1 February 1983 (ΑΘΗΝΑ 1 ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ 1983).


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 1000000
series_name: 1944 Inflation Issue
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1944–1944
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Drachma
successor_currency: New Drachma (1944 revaluation)
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x82
security_features: intaglio
color_palette: #c4a573,#4a6b5a,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Ephebe of Antikythera
reverse_subject: Temple of Poseidon at Sounion
themes: mythology,architecture
pick_number: P-127
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:13
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:39:39
front_description:
  The Ephebe of Antikythera (Ἔφηβος Ἀντικυθήρων), a bronze statue recovered from the Antikythera shipwreck in 1900, dating to circa 340–330 BC. The sculpture, now housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, is believed to represent either Paris or Perseus. The inscription 'ΕΦΗΒΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΚΥΘΗΡΩΝ' (Ephebe of Antikythera) appears below the portrait. The note is dated 29 June 1944 during the German occupation hyperinflation period.

back_description:
  The Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion, built circa 444–440 BC during the Age of Pericles. This Doric temple overlooks the Aegean Sea at the southernmost tip of Attica and remains one of Greece's most significant ancient monuments. The inscription 'ΣΟΥΝΙΟΝ-ΝΑΟΣ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝΟΣ' (Sounion – Temple of Poseidon) identifies the scene. 'ΕΚΔΟΣΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΗ' (First Issue) appears at bottom.

historical_notes:
  This 1,000,000 drachmai note was issued on 29 June 1944 during the catastrophic hyperinflation of the Greek occupation by Axis powers in World War II. The German occupation authorities forced the Bank of Greece to finance occupation costs, leading to one of history's worst hyperinflations. By November 1944, prices were doubling every 4.3 days. This note, despite its million-drachma face value, was nearly worthless by late 1944. A currency reform in November 1944 exchanged 50 billion old drachmai for one new drachma.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 50
series_name: 1978 Series
series_year: 1978
series_range: 1978-1998
issue_year: 1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Profile of Poseidon in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b9d8f,#e8d7c3
portrait_subject: Poseidon
reverse_subject: Greek naval battle scene
themes: mythology,transport,military
pick_number: 199
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:50
front_description:
  Poseidon, ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, depicted in classical sculptural form with characteristic curled beard and hair. Son of Cronus and brother of Zeus, Poseidon was one of the twelve Olympian deities and a central figure in Greek mythology, often depicted with his trident. This representation appears to be based on classical Hellenistic sculpture. The front also features a vignette showing ancient Greek figures in classical scene at lower right.

back_description:
  Greek naval battle scene depicting a 19th-century Greek warship (likely from the Greek War of Independence era, 1821-1829) with full sails, engaged in combat. The scene includes dramatic naval action with smoke and cannon fire, representing Greece's maritime heritage and the struggle for independence from Ottoman rule. A female figure in traditional Greek costume appears at right, symbolizing the Greek nation or liberty.

historical_notes:
  This 50 drachma note belongs to the 1978 series issued by the Bank of Greece, which remained in circulation until Greece adopted the Euro in 2002. The note reflects Greece's emphasis on classical heritage and independence struggles in its currency design. The drachma was one of the world's oldest currencies, with origins in ancient Greece, and this modern series continued the tradition of featuring mythological and historical themes. All drachma notes were demonetized on February 28, 2002, though they could be exchanged at Greek banks until 2012.


country: Greece
currency: Drachma
denomination: 5,000,000
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1943–1944
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944-11
predecessor_currency: Drachma (pre-occupation)
successor_currency: Drachma (new issue, 1944)
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#c19a6b
portrait_subject: Goddess Athena
themes: mythology
pick_number: P-128
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:52
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:26:52
front_description:
  Athena, ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, war, and strategic warfare, patron deity of Athens and symbol of Greek civilization. The classical profile portrait in the ancient Greek style reflects the nation's heritage during the catastrophic hyperinflation of the Axis occupation (1941–1944). The denomination of 5,000,000 drachmai illustrates the currency's collapse under wartime conditions; this note was issued on 20 July 1944, mere weeks before liberation, as the printed date inscription confirms ('ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ ΤΗ. 20ᾳ ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ 1944').

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche pattern with denomination '5,000,000' repeated centrally and the word 'ΕΚΑΤΟΜΜΥΡΙΑ' (millions) at bottom, with rosettes inscribed 'ΕΚΑΤΟΜΜΥΡΙΑ' at left and right. The entirely abstract design, devoid of any national symbols or imagery beyond denomination, reflects the emergency printing conditions and monetary chaos of Greece under German occupation.

historical_notes:
  This 5,000,000 drachmai note is from the Greek hyperinflation series issued during the Axis occupation of 1941–1944, one of the most severe hyperinflations in history. The Bank of Greece was forced to print increasingly enormous denominations as the occupying powers extracted resources and printed occupation currency. By 1944, the drachma had become worthless; this note, issued on 20 July 1944, represents the final weeks before liberation in October. The currency was reformed in November 1944 at a rate of 50,000,000,000 old drachmai = 1 new drachma. These high-denomination notes are common survivors but serve as dramatic artifacts of wartime economic collapse.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 200
series_name: Axis occupation issue
series_range: 1943–1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Greek drachma (pre-war)
successor_currency: Greek drachma (1944 revaluation)
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
material: paper
security_features: guilloche,microprint
color_palette: #d4c8a8,#8b7355,#2f2416
themes: commemorative
pick_number: P-130
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:21
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:21
front_description:
  Geometric design with central denomination '200 ΔΡΑΧΜΑΙ' in ornate guilloche rosette, without portrait. The note bears the text 'ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ' (Bank of Greece) and 'ΕΚΔΟΣΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΗ' (First Issue). This design typifies the simplified, non-portrait banknotes issued during the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944), a period marked by catastrophic hyperinflation that rendered the drachma nearly worthless.

back_description:
  Denomination '200 ΔΙΑΚΟΣΙΑΙ ΔΡΑΧΜΑΙ' (two hundred drachmas) at center with ornate guilloche patterns and Greek key meander borders. A red overprint stamp reading 'ΚΖ Σελλασίε' appears at upper right, likely a validation or control mark. The reverse design mirrors the front's emphasis on security printing rather than national iconography, reflecting wartime exigencies.

historical_notes:
  This 200 drachma note belongs to the first issue series (ΕΚΔΟΣΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΗ) printed during the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944). The occupation triggered one of history's worst hyperinflations, with the drachma losing virtually all value as occupation authorities printed massive quantities of currency. By 1944, notes of astronomical denominations were required for basic transactions. Following liberation, Greece undertook currency reform to stabilize the drachma. These occupation-era notes are historically significant as tangible evidence of economic warfare and civilian suffering during WWII.


country: Guatemala
currency: GTQ
denomination: 0.50
series_name: Quetzal series
series_range: 1983–present
issue_year: 1988
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 1998
issuer: Banco de Guatemala
signatures: Presidente: [illegible]; Gerente: [illegible]
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Tecún Umán portrait in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#9acd32,#d2b48c
portrait_subject: Tecún Umán
reverse_subject: Temple I at Tikal
themes: indigenous_culture,military,architecture,mythology
pick_number: 65
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:53
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:23
front_description:
  Tecún Umán (died 1524), the last ruler and military leader of the K'iche' Maya who led resistance against Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. He is Guatemala's national hero, honoured for his defence of indigenous territory during the Spanish conquest. The note features a Maya stone stela depicting Tecún Umán in ceremonial regalia with elaborate headdress, alongside Maya glyphs and the quetzal bird motif—Guatemala's national symbol from which the currency takes its name.

back_description:
  Temple I (Temple of the Great Jaguar) at Tikal, the ancient Maya city in the Petén Basin of northern Guatemala. Built circa 732 CE as the funerary temple for Jasaw Chan K'awiil I, this 47-metre pyramid is one of the most iconic structures of Classic Maya civilization and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple is shown with surrounding jungle vegetation and additional Maya hieroglyphic decoration.

historical_notes:
  This ½ Quetzal note (50 centavos de Quetzal) belongs to the modern Quetzal series issued by the Banco de Guatemala beginning in 1983, when Guatemala adopted decimal subdivision for its currency. The design celebrates indigenous Maya heritage, featuring the legendary warrior Tecún Umán and the archaeological splendour of Tikal. The Quetzal replaced the Peso in 1925 and remains Guatemala's currency. These fractional denomination notes serve everyday commerce and are printed by De La Rue with security features standard for the series.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 5000
series_name: Occupation issue
series_range: 1942–1944
issue_year: 1942
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Greek Drachma
successor_currency: Greek Drachma (revalued)
issuer: Bank of Greece
issuer_native: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
signatures: Governor: X. Zolotas; Director: D. N. Nomicos
material: paper
watermark: None
security_features: intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7355,#2f2f2f
portrait_subject: Nike of Samothrace
reverse_subject: Agricultural scene with farmers
themes: agriculture,mythology
pick_number: P-119
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:53
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:40:24
front_description:
  Nike of Samothrace (Winged Victory), the ancient Greek marble sculpture from circa 200–190 BCE now housed in the Louvre Museum. This Hellenistic masterpiece, discovered on the island of Samothrace in 1863, depicts the goddess Nike and is one of the most celebrated works of ancient Greek art. She appears at center flanked by two classical male figures, with industrial vignettes (factory and port scenes) at lower corners representing modern Greek economic activity.

back_description:
  Agricultural scene depicting Greek farmers at work in the fields with oxen-drawn plows, surrounded by sheaves of wheat and agricultural implements. The scene symbolizes Greece's rural economy and agricultural heritage, with decorative plant motifs (wheat sheaves and palm fronds) in the corners emphasizing the theme of productivity and harvest.

historical_notes:
  This 5,000 drachma note was issued by the Bank of Greece during the Axis occupation of Greece in World War II (1942). The date on the note, 20 June 1942 (ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ ΤΗ 20 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 1942), places it during the period of severe hyperinflation that devastated the Greek economy under occupation. The German and Italian occupiers forced the Bank of Greece to print massive quantities of currency to finance occupation costs, causing the drachma to collapse in value. By 1944, notes reached denominations in the billions. This series was withdrawn and demonetized after liberation in 1944, when Greece introduced currency reforms to stabilize the economy. The juxtaposition of classical Greek imagery (Nike) with modern industrial and agricultural scenes reflects an attempt to maintain national identity and continuity during occupation.


country: Greece
currency: GRD
denomination: 5
series_name: Occupation issue
series_year: 1941
series_range: 1941–1944
issue_year: 1941
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Greek Drachma (pre-occupation)
successor_currency: Greek Drachma (post-liberation)
issuer: Greek State (under Axis occupation)
issuer_native: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ
signatures: Minister of Finance: signature present
printer: Aspiotis-ELKA
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 100x55
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b4513,#2f2f2f
portrait_subject: Ancient Greek warriors in helmets
reverse_subject: Doric column with ornamental guilloche
themes: military,ancient_history,architecture
pick_number: M4
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek
languages: el
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:27:53
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:40:08
front_description:
  Ancient Greek warriors depicted in classical profile wearing Corinthian helmets, representing the martial heritage of classical Greece. This design invoked ancient Greek military glory during the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944). The note is dated 18 June 1941 (ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ ΤΗ 18 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 1941) and was issued by the Greek State administration under occupation authority. The text states the note is payable in Athens and references Legislative Decree No. 193 of 17 June 1941.

back_description:
  Doric column in the center flanked by ornate guilloche patterns containing the denomination numeral 5, symbolizing classical Greek architecture and continuity with ancient Hellenic civilization. The back references the legislative decree authorizing the note (ΝΟΜΟΘΕΤΙΚΟΝ ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ ΥΠ' ΑΡΙΘ. 193 ΤΗΣ 17ης ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 1941) and warns against counterfeiting and forgery according to law.

historical_notes:
  This 5 drachma note was issued during the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1945) following the German and Italian invasion in April 1941. The Greek State puppet government, established under occupation, issued these emergency notes to address severe wartime currency shortages and hyperinflation. Printed by Aspiotis-ELKA, a Greek printing firm based in Athens, these occupation-era notes featured classical Greek motifs to maintain national identity despite foreign control. The notes were withdrawn and demonetized after Greece's liberation in 1944–1945. Series KZ indicates one of several series issued during this period.


country: Guinea-Bissau
currency: Peso
denomination: 50
series_name: Post-independence Peso series
series_year: 1990
series_range: 1990–1997
issue_year: 1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Escudo
successor_currency: CFA Franc BCEAO
issuer: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau
issuer_native: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau
signatures: Ministro Governador; Vice Governador
printer: Thomas De La Rue and Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 160x80
watermark: Portrait of woman in traditional headdress in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,see_through_register,intaglio
color_palette: #8b3a3a,#d4af7a,#9bbc9f
portrait_subject: Pansau Na Isna
reverse_subject: Traditional village scene with artisans and craftspeople
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,industry,commemorative
pick_number: P-11
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:53
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:40:41
front_description:
  Pansau Na Isna, a symbolic representation of Guinea-Bissau national identity and indigenous culture. The name means 'Our People' in Creole and represents the collective spirit of the nation's diverse ethnic groups. The portrait shows a woman in traditional headdress and jewelry, symbolizing the cultural heritage and strength of Guinea-Bissau's people. The note was issued during the period when Guinea-Bissau used its own peso currency before joining the West African CFA franc zone.

back_description:
  Traditional village scene depicting artisans and craftspeople engaged in daily economic activities including pottery making, grain pounding, and agricultural work. The scene celebrates the traditional economy and cultural practices of Guinea-Bissau's rural communities, showing figures working with traditional tools and engaged in subsistence activities that formed the backbone of the nation's economy. The imagery emphasizes indigenous culture and the dignity of labor in traditional African society.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the post-independence Peso series issued by Guinea-Bissau between 1990 and 1997, following the country's independence from Portugal in 1974. The Peso was the national currency until 1997, when Guinea-Bissau joined the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and adopted the CFA Franc BCEAO. The 1990 series featured imagery celebrating national identity, indigenous culture, and traditional economic activities. The date '1 DE MARÇO DE 1990' (March 1, 1990) appears on the note. These notes were demonetized upon the currency changeover in 1997.


country: Guernsey
currency: GBP
denomination: 1 Pound
series_name: Series C
series_range: 1980–1991
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1991
issuer: States of Guernsey
signatures: States Treasurer: D. M. Clark
printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x80
watermark: Guernsey coat of arms
security_features: watermark,thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #a8d5a8,#6b8e6b,#e8d7a0
reverse_subject: Daniel de Lisle Brock
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-48
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:54
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:54
front_description:
  The Royal Court building in St. Peter Port with the year 1822 inscribed, showing a market scene with merchants and townsfolk in period dress. The Royal Court serves as Guernsey's court of justice and parliament building, constructed on its current site in 1799–1822. The Guernsey coat of arms with three lions passant guardant appears on the left, reflecting the island's historical connection to the Duchy of Normandy and the English Crown.

back_description:
  Daniel de Lisle Brock (1762–1842), Bailiff of Guernsey from 1821 to 1842, depicted alongside the Royal Court building in St. Peter Port as it appeared in 1840. Brock was a prominent jurist and administrator during a critical period of Guernsey's constitutional development. The building shown is the Royal Court, the seat of judicial and legislative authority in the Bailiwick.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Series C of States of Guernsey banknotes, issued from 1980 to 1991. The series featured Guernsey's constitutional history and key figures in the island's governance. Series C was replaced by Series D notes beginning in 1991. The States of Guernsey has issued its own sterling currency since 1827 under the authority granted by the British Crown, with Guernsey pounds circulating alongside Bank of England notes at par. Daniel de Lisle Brock was honoured on this denomination for his long service as Bailiff during the early 19th century. The notes were printed by Bradbury Wilkinson & Co., a British security printer known for Commonwealth and Crown Dependency banknotes.


country: Guinea
currency: Guinean Franc
denomination: 100
series_name: First Independence Issue
series_year: 1960
series_range: 1960-1971
issue_year: 1960
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1971
predecessor_currency: French West African franc
successor_currency: Syli
issuer: Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée
signatures: Ministre des Finances: [signature]; Gouverneur Banque Centrale: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x82
watermark: Profile portrait in left panel
security_features: intaglio,microprint,guilloche
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a0826d
portrait_subject: Guinean woman in traditional headwrap
reverse_subject: Rural village scene with banana trees and mountains
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,architecture
commemorative_occasion: Independence from France on October 2, 1958
pick_number: P-15
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:54
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:54
front_description:
  Profile portrait of a Guinean woman wearing traditional headwrap and jewelry, representing the cultural identity of newly independent Guinea. The note features the coat of arms of the Republic of Guinea with the motto 'JUSTICE' on a banner, flanked by olive branches. This first series was issued on March 1, 1960 ('le 1er MARS 1960'), shortly after Guinea became the first French colony in West Africa to vote for independence in 1958, breaking away from the French Community under President Ahmed Sékou Touré. The date '20.12' appears at lower left, and a carved wooden figure appears at right.

back_description:
  Rural village scene depicting traditional Guinean life with banana trees, palm trees, and thatched-roof huts (cases) set against mountainous terrain in the Fouta Djallon highlands. This pastoral scene emphasizes Guinea's agricultural economy and traditional village life, reflecting the new nation's emphasis on cultural authenticity and rural development. The geometric border patterns draw on traditional West African textile designs.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series issued by the Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée following independence. Guinea became independent on October 2, 1958, after voting 'No' in Charles de Gaulle's referendum, making it the only French African colony to reject continued association with France. The Guinean franc was introduced in 1960 to replace the French West African franc at par. This series circulated from 1960 until currency reform in 1971 introduced the Syli at a rate of 1 Syli = 10 Guinean francs. The designs celebrate Guinean cultural identity and agricultural economy, departing from French colonial imagery.


country: Guinea
currency: Guinean Franc
denomination: 100
series_name: First Republic issue
series_year: 1960
series_range: 1960–1971
issue_year: 1960
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1971
predecessor_currency: French West African franc
successor_currency: Syli
issuer: Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée
issuer_native: Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée
signatures: Ministre des Finances: [signature]; Gouverneur Banque Centrale: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 160x85
watermark: Elephant in a clear field at left
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#e8d5b7
portrait_subject: Guinean woman in traditional headwrap
reverse_subject: Village scene with banana trees and traditional huts
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,architecture
commemorative_occasion: Independence from France (October 2, 1958)
pick_number: P-15
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:28:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:40:32
front_description:
  Portrait of a Guinean woman in traditional dress with elaborate headwrap, representing the newly independent nation's cultural identity. Guinea gained independence from France on October 2, 1958, under President Ahmed Sékou Touré, and issued its first national currency in 1960, replacing the French West African franc. The note bears the date 'le 1er MARS 1960' marking the introduction of the Guinean franc. The coat of arms features an elephant with the word 'JUSTICE', symbolizing the republic's ideals. The denomination '100 FRANCS GUINÉENS' appears prominently, with geometric patterns and a rice stalk motif representing agriculture.

back_description:
  Traditional Guinean village scene with banana trees, palm trees, and conical-roofed huts, depicting rural life and the agricultural foundation of the newly independent nation. The scene represents Guinea's primary economic activities in the early independence period, with tropical vegetation including banana plants prominent in the composition. Decorative borders feature traditional African geometric patterns in multiple colors.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first national currency series issued by the Republic of Guinea following independence from France in 1958. The Guinean franc was introduced on March 1, 1960, to replace the French West African franc at par. Under President Ahmed Sékou Touré's government, Guinea pursued an independent economic path, breaking with the French monetary union. This series circulated until 1971, when it was replaced by the Syli at a rate of 10 francs = 1 syli as part of Guinea's adoption of a decimal monetary system. The imagery on these notes emphasized national pride, African cultural identity, and agricultural development themes central to the post-independence nation-building project.


country: Guinea-Bissau
currency: Guinea-Bissau peso
denomination: 100
series_name: 1990 series
series_year: 1990
series_range: 1990-1997
issue_year: 1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997-05-02
successor_currency: West African CFA franc
issuer: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau
signatures: Ministro Governador: (signature present); Governador: Domingos Ramos
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: Stylized flame emblem in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#b8d4c8,#8b8b7a
portrait_subject: Domingos Ramos
reverse_subject: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau building
themes: statesman,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-11
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:26
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:26
front_description:
  Domingos Ramos (1935-2001), Guinea-Bissau politician, economist and central banker who served as Governor of the Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau and later as Prime Minister (1997-1999). He was a key figure in the country's post-independence economic management and monetary policy. The note features traditional Guinea-Bissau cultural elements including a carved wooden figure at left representing indigenous artistic heritage, and geometric patterns typical of West African textile designs.

back_description:
  The headquarters building of the Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau in Bissau, the central bank of Guinea-Bissau. The modernist multi-story structure represents the nation's financial institutions and economic sovereignty following independence from Portugal in 1974. The building is framed by stylized snake motifs, which hold cultural significance in Guinea-Bissau traditional symbolism.

historical_notes:
  This 100 pesos note is part of the 1990 series issued by the Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau, printed on 1 March 1990 as indicated on the note. Guinea-Bissau maintained its own currency, the peso, from independence until 1997, when the country joined the West African Economic and Monetary Union and adopted the CFA franc. The peso was demonetized on 2 May 1997 at a rate of 65 pesos to 1 CFA franc. This series was the last issued before the currency union, and represents Guinea-Bissau's brief period of independent monetary policy.


country: Guyana
currency: GYD
denomination: 20
series_range: 1990s–early 2000s
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
predecessor_currency: British Guiana dollar
issuer: Bank of Guyana
signatures: Governor; Minister of Finance
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x66
watermark: Coat of arms of Guyana in clear field at center left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Shipbuilding facility and MV Malali ferry vessel
themes: transport,industry,architecture
pick_number: 24
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:40:50
front_description:
  Kaieteur Falls, one of the world's largest single-drop waterfalls located on the Potaro River in Kaieteur National Park in central Guyana. At 226 meters (741 feet), it is approximately five times higher than Niagara Falls and is the centerpiece of one of Guyana's most significant natural landmarks. The falls are depicted on multiple denominations of Guyanese currency as a national symbol and tourist attraction. The note features the national coat of arms at center, which includes the Canje pheasant, jaguar, and indigenous Amerindian symbols along with the national motto 'One People, One Nation, One Destiny.'

back_description:
  Shipbuilding facility and the MV Malali ferry vessel. The left vignette shows a shipyard with construction scaffolding and framework representing Guyana's maritime industry, while the right shows the MV Malali, a ferry that operates on the Demerara River connecting Georgetown to the West Bank. These images emphasize Guyana's transportation infrastructure and shipbuilding industry, which have been vital to the nation's economy and internal connectivity given its extensive river systems and coastal geography.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to a series issued by the Bank of Guyana following independence. The Guyanese dollar replaced the British Guiana dollar at par in 1966 when the country gained independence. This particular design, featuring Kaieteur Falls and maritime/industrial themes, was part of a series printed by De La Rue that circulated from the 1990s through the early 2000s. The note reflects Guyana's emphasis on its natural resources and developing infrastructure as key elements of national identity and economic development.


country: Guinea-Bissau
currency: Peso
denomination: 100
series_name: 1990 Issue
series_range: 1990-1997
issue_year: 1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997-05-02
successor_currency: West African CFA franc
issuer: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau
signatures: Ministro-Governador: [signature]; Vice-Governador: [signature]
printer: Thomas de la Rue and Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x73
watermark: Domingos Ramos portrait
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #a8d5ba,#f4e8c1,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Domingos Ramos
reverse_subject: Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau building
themes: statesman,military,independence,architecture
pick_number: 11
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:58
front_description:
  Domingos Ramos (1935–1966), Guinea-Bissau nationalist leader and independence fighter who served as a military commander in the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde) during the independence war against Portuguese colonial rule. He died in combat and is honored as a national hero. The note features his portrait at right, with traditional textile patterns, the national coat of arms showing a black star above a flaming torch and shell, a carved wooden statue, and a stylized palm motif.

back_description:
  The Banco Central da Guiné-Bissau building in Bissau, the headquarters of the nation's central bank. The modernist multi-story structure is shown in architectural elevation with decorative serpent motifs and traditional patterns flanking the building. The design reflects the post-independence nation-building era and the establishment of independent monetary institutions.

historical_notes:
  The 1990 Issue of Guinea-Bissau pesos was part of the currency system that circulated from independence until 1997, when Guinea-Bissau joined the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and adopted the West African CFA franc. The 100 pesos note dated 1 de Março de 1990 (March 1, 1990) was printed by Thomas de la Rue. The design honors figures from the independence struggle against Portugal (1963–1974) and reflects the socialist-influenced aesthetics of the PAIGC government. The currency was demonetized on May 2, 1997, at an exchange rate of 65 pesos to 1 CFA franc.


country: Guyana
currency: Guyanese Dollar
denomination: 10
series_name: Bank of Guyana first series
series_range: 1966–1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1989
predecessor_currency: British Guiana Dollar
issuer: Bank of Guyana
signatures: Governor: H. J. Meredith; Minister of Finance: C. V. Nunes
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x66
watermark: Guilloche pattern in oval at left
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4c5a0,#5c4a3a
reverse_subject: Kaieteur Falls
themes: industry,architecture,wildlife
pick_number: 23
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:58
front_description:
  Bauxite mining scene depicting two workers in a mining operation, representing Guyana's critical bauxite industry which became a cornerstone of the economy after independence in 1966. The alumina plant at right shows industrial processing facilities for bauxite refining, symbolizing the nation's industrial development and natural resource extraction sector. These dual vignettes emphasize Guyana's post-independence economic foundation built on mining and mineral processing.

back_description:
  Kaieteur Falls on the Potaro River in central Guyana, one of the world's most powerful waterfalls with a single drop of 226 meters (741 feet), nearly five times the height of Niagara Falls. Located in Kaieteur National Park, the falls are named after Kai, a Patamona chief who according to legend sacrificed himself by canoeing over the falls to save his people. The waterfall represents Guyana's natural heritage and spectacular wilderness.

historical_notes:
  Bank of Guyana first series, issued following independence from Britain in 1966 when the nation adopted its own currency to replace the British Guiana dollar at par. This series remained in circulation until 1989 when it was replaced by a new series. The denomination features themes of industrial development and natural resources that defined post-independence Guyana's economy, particularly the nationalization of the bauxite industry in the 1970s. The notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue in the United Kingdom.


country: Guyana
currency: GYD
denomination: 1
series_name: Bank of Guyana Dollar series
series_range: 1966–1992
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: British Guiana Dollar
successor_currency: Guyana Dollar (new series)
issuer: Bank of Guyana
signatures: Governor: (signature illegible); Minister of Finance: (signature illegible)
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x70
watermark: Coat of Arms of Guyana in clear field
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#a0522d
reverse_subject: Black Bush Polder and rice harvesting
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: 21g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:29:59
front_description:
  Kaieteur Falls, one of the world's most powerful waterfalls located on the Potaro River in Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. With a single drop of 226 meters (741 feet), it is approximately five times higher than Niagara Falls and about twice the height of Victoria Falls. The falls were named after Kai, a Patamona chief who according to legend sacrificed himself by paddling over the falls in an act to save his people. The coat of arms of Guyana appears at center, featuring supporters (a jaguar and a harpy eagle), rice and sugarcane symbols, and the national motto.

back_description:
  Black Bush Polder and rice harvesting scenes, representing Guyana's agricultural economy. Black Bush Polder is a major rice-growing area in the Corentyne region of East Berbice-Corentyne, developed as part of post-independence agricultural expansion. The left vignette shows the polder's water management infrastructure (sluice gates and channels essential for rice cultivation), while the right depicts mechanical rice harvesting with combine harvesters in the fields. Rice has been one of Guyana's principal export crops since the mid-20th century.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of the Guyanese Dollar, introduced in 1966 when Guyana gained independence from Britain, replacing the British Guiana Dollar at par. The series featured the new nation's symbols and economic activities, emphasizing national pride and development. The $1 note prominently featured Kaieteur Falls as a symbol of national heritage and natural beauty, while the reverse highlighted the country's agricultural base, particularly rice cultivation in the coastal plains. This series was replaced in 1989–1992 with new designs. The printer, Thomas De La Rue, was the preeminent banknote printer for Commonwealth nations during this era.


country: Haiti
currency: HTG
denomination: 1
series_name: 1979-1991 Issue
series_year: 1989
series_range: 1979-1991
issue_year: 1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
issuer: Banque de la République d'Haïti
signatures: Le Gouverneur: [signature]; Le Gouverneur Adjoint: [signature]; Le Directeur Général: [signature]
printer: United States Banknote Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x66
watermark: Portrait of Toussaint Louverture in clear field at center right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c8b88e,#8b7355,#2f4f2f
portrait_subject: Toussaint Louverture
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Haiti
themes: military,statesman,independence
pick_number: P-254
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:19
front_description:
  Toussaint Louverture (c. 1743–1803), Haitian revolutionary leader who led the Haitian Revolution against French colonial rule and became Governor-General of Saint-Domingue. He was a key figure in establishing Haiti as the first independent Black republic and is revered as the founding father of Haiti. The note displays him in military uniform with elaborate decorations, befitting his role as the liberator of Haiti.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Haiti, adopted in 1807 and modified in 1986, featuring the iconic palm tree surmounted by the Phrygian cap of liberty, flanked by cannons, flags, anchors, pikes, drums, and trumpets representing the nation's revolutionary heritage. The national motto 'L'Union Fait La Force' (Unity Makes Strength) appears on the ribbon below. This emblem symbolizes Haiti's hard-won independence and the unity required to maintain it.

historical_notes:
  This 1 gourde note belongs to the 1979-1991 issue series of Haitian currency, printed by the United States Banknote Company. The series maintained the gourde's peg to the US dollar at 5 gourdes to 1 dollar, as stated on the note. This design, featuring Toussaint Louverture, remained in circulation through periods of political instability in Haiti during the 1980s and early 1990s. The note was withdrawn in 1991 when a new series was introduced. The Haitian gourde (HTG) has been the national currency since 1813, originally subdivided into 100 centimes.


country: Hong Kong
currency: Hong Kong Dollar
denomination: 1 Cent
series_name: Government of Hong Kong Cent issue
series_range: 1941–1945
issue_year: 1941
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995
predecessor_currency: Hong Kong cent coin
issuer: Government of Hong Kong
issuer_native: 香港政府
signatures: Financial Secretary: C. G. S. Follows
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 100x55
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4c5a0,#a8b89f
portrait_subject: King George VI
themes: monarch
pick_number: P-314
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin,Chinese
languages: en,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:46
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:41:08
front_description:
  King George VI (1895–1952), King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 to 1952, whose portrait appears at right. This 1 cent note was issued by the Government of Hong Kong during World War II and the Japanese occupation period. The note includes bilingual inscriptions in English and Chinese, with the Chinese character '壹分' (one cent) prominently displayed at left. The text states these notes are legal tender for payment of any amount not exceeding one dollar, reflecting the fractional currency needs of wartime Hong Kong.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printed design, typical of emergency and low-denomination wartime currency issues where cost and material conservation were priorities during the period of scarcity.

historical_notes:
  This 1 cent note was issued by the Government of Hong Kong during the early 1940s, a period encompassing World War II and the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (December 1941–August 1945). These small denomination notes were emergency currency issued to address the shortage of coinage and materials during wartime. The signature of C. G. S. Follows, who served as Financial Secretary, dates this note to the immediate pre-occupation or early occupation period. Hong Kong cent notes were eventually withdrawn from circulation and demonetized in 1995. The P-314 designation identifies this as part of the Government of Hong Kong's wartime fractional currency series.


country: Honduras
currency: HNL
denomination: 1
series_name: Lempira series 1994-2004
series_year: 1998
series_range: 1994-2004
issue_year: 1998
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2010
issuer: Banco Central de Honduras
issuer_native: Banco Central de Honduras
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of indigenous chief in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Lempira
reverse_subject: Ruins of Copán
themes: indigenous_culture,statesman,architecture,military
pick_number: 84b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:49
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:41:00
signatures:
  Presidente: [signature present]; Gerente: [signature present]; Secretario de Finanzas: [signature present]

front_description:
  Lempira (died 1537), indigenous Lenca chief who led resistance against Spanish conquistadors in the 1530s in what is now western Honduras. He became a national hero and symbol of indigenous resistance; the Honduran currency is named in his honor. He is depicted wearing a traditional feathered headdress with geometric patterns. The coat of arms of Honduras appears at left, featuring the Masonic triangle with tools, volcanic peaks, and cornucopias, surrounded by the inscription 'REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS LIBRE SOBERANA E INDEPENDIENTE' dated September 15, 1821 (independence day).

back_description:
  Ruins of Copán, the ancient Maya archaeological site in western Honduras near the Guatemalan border. This pre-Columbian city flourished during the Classic Period (5th-9th centuries CE) and was one of the most important centers of Maya civilization, known for its sculptured decorations, hieroglyphic stairway, and stelae. The vignette depicts a carved Maya stela with hieroglyphic inscriptions standing among temple structures and plazas. The inscription 'RUINAS DE COPAN / JUEGO DE PELOTA / ESCALINATA' (Ruins of Copán / Ball Court / Stairway) identifies specific architectural features of the site, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1994-2004 Lempira series issued by the Banco Central de Honduras. The series maintained the design tradition of featuring the national hero Lempira on the obverse and important Honduran cultural and natural heritage sites on the reverse. The 1 Lempira denomination was the lowest-value note in circulation during this period. The series was gradually replaced starting in the mid-2000s with updated designs incorporating enhanced security features. Notes dated 1998 were part of a regular production run during a period of relative monetary stability for Honduras.


country: Honduras
currency: HNL
denomination: 1 Lempira
series_name: 2019 Polymer Series
series_year: 2019
series_range: 2019-present
issue_year: 2019
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2019-06-20
issuer: Banco Central de Honduras
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 151x65
security_features: polymer,hologram,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register,microprint
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Lempira
reverse_subject: Ruins of Copán
themes: indigenous_culture,military,architecture
pick_number: P-106
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:30:50
signatures:
  Presidente: Wilfredo Cerrato R.; Gerente: Marlon O'Hara Guillen; Secretaria de Finanzas: Rocío I. Tábora Morales

front_description:
  Lempira (died 1537), indigenous Lenca chieftain and national hero of Honduras who led a major uprising against Spanish conquistadors in 1537-1538. He organized over 30,000 Lenca warriors in fierce resistance to Spanish colonization before being killed by deception during peace negotiations. The Honduran currency, the Lempira, was named in his honor in 1931, and he remains the most celebrated indigenous resistance leader in Central American history. The note also features the national coat of arms at left with the motto 'REPÚBLICA DE HONDURAS LIBRE SOBERANA E INDEPENDIENTE' (Republic of Honduras Free Sovereign and Independent) dated 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821.

back_description:
  Ruins of Copán, an ancient Maya archaeological site in western Honduras near the Guatemalan border. Copán was one of the most important centers of the Maya civilization from the 5th to 9th centuries CE, renowned for its sculptured stelae, hieroglyphic stairway (the longest known Maya hieroglyphic text), and architectural achievements. The site features elaborate temples, plazas, and the famous Hieroglyphic Stairway with over 2,200 glyphs. Copán was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 and represents Honduras's rich pre-Columbian heritage.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Honduras's 2019 polymer series issued on June 20, 2019, marking the country's transition from paper to polymer substrate for enhanced durability and security. The series maintains traditional imagery celebrating indigenous resistance (Lempira) and Maya cultural heritage (Copán ruins) while incorporating modern anti-counterfeiting features. The Lempira has been Honduras's currency since 1931, replacing the Honduran peso at par. This 1 Lempira denomination is the smallest in circulation and widely used in daily transactions.


country: Hong Kong
currency: HKD
denomination: 1 Cent
series_name: Government of Hong Kong issue
series_range: 1945–1970s
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995
issuer: Government of Hong Kong
issuer_native: 香港政府
signatures: Financial Secretary: C. F. Follows
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Co., Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 121x63
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4c5a0,#a8c5b8
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
themes: monarch
pick_number: P-325
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Traditional Chinese
languages: en,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:31:16
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:41:16
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926, r. 1952–2022), whose portrait appeared on Hong Kong Government currency during the colonial period. As British monarch and head of state, her effigy was featured on banknotes and coins throughout the Commonwealth. This note is denominated in cents, reflecting Hong Kong's dollar-cent decimal system introduced in 1863, with these small-denomination government notes issued alongside higher-value commercial bank notes.

back_description:
  Plain reverse without printed design. Government of Hong Kong cent notes typically featured minimal or no reverse printing, reflecting their function as low-value circulating currency for everyday transactions. The blank back was a cost-saving measure for these frequently-used small denominations.

historical_notes:
  Government of Hong Kong cent notes were issued from 1945 following the Japanese occupation through the 1970s, denominated as legal tender for amounts not exceeding one dollar as stated on the face. These small notes circulated alongside coins and higher-denomination banknotes issued by commercial banks (HSBC, Standard Chartered, and Bank of China). The signature of C. F. Follows places this note in the 1960s period. Cent notes were gradually phased out as coins became more prevalent for small transactions, and were formally demonetized in 1995. The series represents Hong Kong's transitional colonial currency system before the modern Hong Kong dollar regime.


country: Honduras
currency: HNL
denomination: 1
series_name: Lempira series 2000
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–2012
issue_year: 2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2010
issuer: Banco Central de Honduras
signatures: Presidente: [illegible]; Gerente: [illegible]; Secretario de Finanzas: [illegible]
printer: Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Lempira in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #b8704e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Lempira
reverse_subject: Ruins of Copán
themes: indigenous_culture,statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: P-84
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:31:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:31:18
front_description:
  Lempira (died 1537), indigenous Lenca ruler and national hero of Honduras who led resistance against Spanish conquistador forces in the 1530s. He organized confederation of indigenous tribes and defended mountain strongholds until he was killed, allegedly during peace negotiations. He is revered as a symbol of indigenous resistance and Honduran sovereignty; the national currency (the lempira) is named in his honor. The note features the national coat of arms at left showing an oval with a volcano, two towers, cornucopias, and quiver, encircled by motto 'REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS LIBRE SOBERANA E INDEPENDIENTE 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821'.

back_description:
  Ruins of Copán (Ruinas de Copán), the most important site of the ancient Maya civilization located in western Honduras near the Guatemalan border. Copán flourished as a major ceremonial and political center between the 5th and 9th centuries CE and is renowned for its intricate hieroglyphic stairway, stelae, and carved sculptures. The site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 and represents Honduras's rich pre-Columbian cultural heritage. The back depicts Maya stelae and pyramidal structures within the archaeological complex.

historical_notes:
  This 1 lempira note belongs to the 2000 series issued by the Banco Central de Honduras, dated 14 December 2000. The lempira currency was introduced in 1931, replacing the peso at par. This paper series was gradually replaced by polymer notes beginning in 2010, with the 1 lempira denomination being among the first to transition. The note was printed by Canadian Bank Note Company and features traditional intaglio printing with security threads and watermarks. The choice of Lempira as the central figure reinforces national identity rooted in indigenous resistance to colonialism.


country: Hong Kong
currency: HKD
denomination: 1 Cent
series_name: Government of Hong Kong cent notes
series_range: 1941–1995
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2016-11-01
issuer: Government of Hong Kong
issuer_native: 香港政府
signatures: Financial Secretary
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 110x58
security_features: intaglio,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5f5dc,#654321
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
themes: monarch
pick_number: P-325
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Chinese
languages: en,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:31:45
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:31:45
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022), Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 1952 to 2022. Her portrait appears on the right side of this Government of Hong Kong one cent note, reflecting Hong Kong's status as a British Crown Colony. The note features bilingual text in English and Chinese (香港政府), with the denomination stated as 'ONE CENT' (壹分) and legal tender declaration specifying use for payments not exceeding one dollar. The left side displays Chinese characters '壹分' within a circular guilloche pattern, with the numeral '1' in corners.

back_description:
  Plain reverse with no printed design, characteristic of low-denomination Government of Hong Kong cent notes. The back is blank cream-colored paper, a cost-saving measure typical of fractional currency notes intended for everyday small transactions.

historical_notes:
  Government of Hong Kong cent notes were issued from 1941 through 1995 as fractional currency for small transactions. These notes circulated alongside coins and were issued directly by the colonial government rather than by commercial banks (which issued dollar-denominated notes). The one cent denomination was among the smallest in circulation. Following the 1997 handover to China, cent notes gradually fell out of use due to inflation reducing their purchasing power. All Government of Hong Kong cent notes were officially demonetized on November 1, 2016, though they had effectively ceased circulating years earlier. This design with Queen Elizabeth II was used during much of the post-war period.


country: Hong Kong
currency: HKD
denomination: 1 Cent
series_name: Government of Hong Kong Small Change Notes
series_range: 1961–1995
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995
issuer: Government of Hong Kong
issuer_native: 香港政府
signatures: Financial Secretary: H. Macleod
printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 100x50
color_palette: #8B4513,#F5F5DC,#87CEEB
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
themes: monarch
pick_number: P-325
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Chinese
languages: en,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:02
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:02
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022), Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth from 1952 until her death. This portrait depicts her as a young monarch, used on Hong Kong colonial currency throughout her reign. The note bears bilingual inscriptions in English and Chinese, stating it is legal tender for payments not exceeding one dollar, reflecting Hong Kong's status as a British Crown Colony.

back_description:
  Plain, unprinted reverse. These small denomination notes were printed uniface (single-sided) as a cost-saving measure for fractional currency intended for everyday small transactions.

historical_notes:
  This 1 cent note belongs to the Government of Hong Kong small change series, issued alongside 5 and 10 cent denominations. These fractional notes were introduced to address coin shortages and facilitate small transactions. The signature of H. Macleod as Financial Secretary dates this variety to 1971–1976. These uniface notes remained in circulation until 1995 when small change notes were discontinued prior to the 1997 handover to China. Despite their low face value, they circulated widely in Hong Kong's cash-based economy.


country: Iceland
currency: ISK
denomination: 10
series_name: Law of 29 March 1961
series_year: 1961
series_range: 1961–1981
issue_year: 1961
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1981
issuer: Sedlabanki Íslands
issuer_native: Seðlabanki Íslands
signatures: Chairman: Guðbergur Bergsson; Director: Davíð Ólafsson
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
security_features: guilloche_patterns,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c8a8,#4a5f7a,#e8a860
portrait_subject: Arngrímur Jónsson
reverse_subject: Traditional Icelandic household scene
themes: writer,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 42a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: is
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:07
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:07
front_description:
  Arngrímur Jónsson lærði (1568–1648), Icelandic scholar, writer, and patriot known as 'the learned'. He was among the first to systematically write about Icelandic history and culture in Latin, defending Iceland against derogatory foreign accounts and promoting knowledge of Old Norse literature and sagas to European scholars. He is honored on this note for his foundational contributions to Icelandic intellectual history and his role in preserving and promoting Iceland's literary heritage during the Renaissance period.

back_description:
  Traditional Icelandic household scene depicting domestic life in historical Iceland. The vignette shows women and children engaged in daily activities including textile work and education, with traditional Icelandic household implements such as wooden barrels, woven textiles, and domestic tools. This scene represents the resilience and cultural continuity of Icelandic society through centuries of subsistence living, emphasizing the importance of education, craft skills, and family life in preserving Icelandic culture during periods of Danish rule and economic hardship.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the series issued under the Law of 29 March 1961 (Samkvæmt lögum nr. 10, 29. mars 1961) by Sedlabanki Íslands (Central Bank of Iceland). The series was in circulation from 1961 until the early 1980s, representing a period of Icelandic economic modernization and development. The choice of Arngrímur Jónsson reflects Iceland's emphasis on intellectual and cultural heritage, while the reverse celebrates traditional domestic life and cultural continuity.


country: India
currency: INR
denomination: 1 Rupee
series_name: Government of India Issue
series_range: 1985-1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994
issuer: Government of India
issuer_native: भारत सरकार
signatures: Secretary, Ministry of Finance: Pratap Kishan Kaul
printer: Government of India Security Press
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 117x63
watermark: Ashoka Pillar emblem in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c8d5b9,#b39bc8,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Oil rig platform
themes: industry
pick_number: 78Aa
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Devanagari,Latin
languages: hi,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:09
front_description:
  The Ashoka Pillar capital, featuring four Asiatic lions standing back to back, India's national emblem adopted from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath (circa 250 BCE). The emblem symbolizes power, courage, and confidence; the lions rest on an abacus decorated with a chakra (wheel) flanked by animals. The note displays the denomination 'Ek Rupaya' (One Rupee) in Hindi Devanagari script prominently at center, with 'Government of India' in both English and Hindi. This design represents the small-denomination government-issued currency notes, distinct from Reserve Bank of India notes.

back_description:
  An offshore oil drilling platform representing India's petroleum industry and energy sector development. The oil rig symbolizes India's efforts toward self-sufficiency in energy production during the 1980s-90s, particularly the development of the Bombay High oil field in the Arabian Sea, which began production in 1974 and became crucial to India's oil production. The denomination appears in 15 regional languages in a vertical panel on the left, reflecting India's linguistic diversity.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Government of India 1 Rupee series issued between 1985 and 1994, authorized under the Currency Ordinance of 1940. Unlike higher denominations issued by the Reserve Bank of India, the 1 Rupee note remained a Government of India issue, continuing a practice from colonial times. These notes featured the signature of the Finance Secretary rather than the RBI Governor. The series was eventually replaced by coins in 1994, marking the end of the 1 Rupee banknote in India. This particular note is signed by Pratap Kishan Kaul, who served as Finance Secretary during the 1980s.


country: India
currency: INR
denomination: 2
series_name: Lion Capital series
series_range: 1976–1997
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995
successor_currency: INR Coin
issuer: Reserve Bank of India
issuer_native: भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक
signatures: Governor: R.N. Malhotra
printer: India Security Press
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 117x63
watermark: Ashoka Lion Capital in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#c8b898
portrait_subject: Ashoka Lion Capital
reverse_subject: INSAT-1A satellite
themes: science,technology,space,industry
pick_number: P-79i
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Devanagari,Latin
languages: hi,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:32:34
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:41:36
front_description:
  The Ashoka Lion Capital, India's national emblem adopted in 1950, appears at upper right. This ancient sculpture from Sarnath (circa 250 BCE) was erected by Emperor Ashoka and features four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back atop an abacus decorated with a dharmachakra (wheel), a bull, a horse, and a lion. The emblem symbolizes power, courage, confidence, and pride. The note features intricate geometric patterns and the denomination in both Hindi (दो रुपये) and English, with the text 'Guaranteed by the Central Government' affirming state backing.

back_description:
  INSAT-1A satellite, India's first geostationary multipurpose satellite launched on April 10, 1982, aboard a Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral. The satellite was designed for telecommunications, television broadcasting, and meteorological services, marking a major milestone in India's space program. INSAT-1A experienced technical failures and ceased functioning within months, but it initiated the INSAT satellite series that became crucial for India's communications infrastructure. The satellite is depicted against a stylized space background with the denomination 'TWO RUPEES' below.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Lion Capital series issued by the Reserve Bank of India from 1976 to 1997, replacing earlier designs after decimalization. The series featured the Ashoka Lion Capital as the primary motif, emphasizing India's national identity and sovereignty. The 2 Rupee denomination was commonly used in everyday transactions and featured various reverse designs throughout the series. This particular variant (P-79i) with the INSAT satellite reverse was issued during the 1980s, celebrating India's achievements in space technology during a period of significant scientific advancement. The note was eventually withdrawn and replaced by coins.


country: India
currency: INR
denomination: 1
series_name: Mahatma Gandhi New Series
series_year: 2017
series_range: 2016–present
issue_year: 2017
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Reserve Bank of India
issuer_native: भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक
signatures: Secretary Ministry of Finance
printer: Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 97x63
watermark: Ashoka Pillar emblem in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b9467,#c8a89e
reverse_subject: Sagar Setu oil platform
themes: industry,commemorative
pick_number: 108
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Devanagari, Latin
languages: hi,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:02
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:02
front_description:
  The Ashoka Pillar capital with Lion emblem, national symbol of India adopted in 1950, derived from the 3rd century BCE Sarnath pillar erected by Emperor Ashoka. The emblem features four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back on a circular abacus, representing power, courage, confidence and pride. This modern one rupee note bears the bilingual inscription 'Government of India' in Hindi (भारत सरकार) and English, with the denomination displayed prominently in the Devanagari script.

back_description:
  Sagar Setu, India's first offshore oil drilling platform, located in the Bombay High oil fields off the coast of Mumbai in the Arabian Sea. Commissioned in 1974 and operated by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), it represents India's achievement in offshore oil exploration and energy self-sufficiency. The platform is depicted with its distinctive drilling tower and support structure, symbolizing India's industrial and technological progress.

historical_notes:
  The Mahatma Gandhi New Series was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 2016–2017 as a complete redesign of Indian banknotes following demonetization. The one rupee note remains issued by the Government of India (not the Reserve Bank) and bears the signature of the Secretary, Ministry of Finance rather than the RBI Governor. The 2017 series features enhanced security features including see-through register, improved thread designs, and microprinting. The reverse design showcasing India's oil platform reflects themes of economic development and industrial achievement.


country: India
currency: INR
denomination: 10
series_name: Mahatma Gandhi Series
series_range: 1996-present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Reserve Bank of India
issuer_native: भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 137x63
watermark: Portrait of Mahatma Gandhi in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a76a,#8b6f47,#c19a6b
portrait_subject: Mahatma Gandhi
reverse_subject: Indian wildlife - elephant, rhinoceros, and tiger
themes: statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Devanagari, Latin
languages: hi,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:03
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:03
front_description:
  Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), leader of the Indian independence movement and pioneer of nonviolent resistance (satyagraha) against British colonial rule. Gandhi is universally honoured as the Father of the Nation in India and appears on all modern Indian rupee banknotes issued since 1996. The note features the Ashoka Pillar emblem of India at left, with the promise to pay text in Hindi and English, and Gandhi's portrait derived from a photograph taken in the 1940s.

back_description:
  Indian wildlife trinity: an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), and Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). These three species represent India's rich biodiversity and wildlife heritage, all native to the Indian subcontinent. The design emphasizes conservation and India's natural heritage. The denomination is repeated in 15 languages on the left panel in the language panel, representing India's linguistic diversity.

historical_notes:
  The Mahatma Gandhi Series was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1996, replacing earlier portrait series. This design marks a significant shift in Indian currency, standardizing Gandhi's portrait across all denominations while featuring diverse themes on the reverse. The 10 rupee note has remained a workhorse denomination in daily Indian commerce. The wildlife reverse design emphasizes India's commitment to conservation of endangered species, all three animals being listed under various protection schemes.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 10
series_name: Sukarno series
series_year: 1964
series_range: 1964-1965
issue_year: 1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1965
successor_currency: Rupiah (revaluation, 1965)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: signature present; Direktur: signature present
printer: Perum Peruri (P.N. Pertjetakan Kebajoran)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 143x72
watermark: Portrait in watermark field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c58f,#2d4d3a,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Sukarno
themes: statesman,military
pick_number: 92
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:05
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:05
front_description:
  Sukarno (1901–1970), Indonesia's first president and leader of the independence movement against Dutch colonial rule. A founding father of the Indonesian Republic who served as president from 1945 to 1967, he is depicted here wearing his signature peci (traditional Indonesian cap). During his presidency he pursued non-alignment policies and helped establish the Non-Aligned Movement; this 1964 series was issued during the period of Guided Democracy and economic instability that preceded his removal from power.

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche patterns and security designs dominating the reverse, with denomination numeral 10 within an ornate rosette at right. The text includes warnings against counterfeiting ("Barangsiapa meniru atau memalsu kan uang kertas..."), emphasizing legal penalties for forgery. The decorative elements reflect mid-20th century banknote security design conventions.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1964 Sukarno series issued by Bank Indonesia during a period of severe hyperinflation and economic crisis in Indonesia. Printed domestically by P.N. Pertjetakan Kebajoran (later Perum Peruri), these notes circulated briefly before currency reform in 1965-1966 devalued the rupiah at a rate of 1,000:1. The 1964 series is characterized by Sukarno's portrait on all denominations, reflecting the cult of personality during his Guided Democracy period. These notes were demonetized in 1965 following Sukarno's fall from power and replaced by new rupiah issues under the New Order government.


country: French Indochina
currency: Indochinese piastre
denomination: 10 cents
series_name: Issue of 1939
series_year: 1939
series_range: 1939–1945
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1945
successor_currency: Vietnamese đồng / Lao kip / Cambodian riel
issuer: Government General of Indochina
issuer_native: Gouvernement Général de l'Indochine
signatures: Le Trésorier Général: [illegible]; Le Directeur des Finances: [illegible]
printer: IDEO-Hanoi
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 100x65
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Rice stalks
themes: agriculture,architecture
pick_number: P-85c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Vietnamese, Lao, Chinese
languages: fr,vi,lo,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:09
updated_at: 2026-05-09 09:41:46
front_description:
  Stylized eagle or garuda-like mythical bird design at center with spread wings, holding a circular medallion containing '10 CENTS' and the date 'ND 8.5.2478' in Thai Buddhist Era calendar. The note is inscribed 'GOUVERNEMENT GÉNÉRAL DE L'INDOCHINE' (Government General of Indochina) across the top, with signature titles 'LE TRÉSORIER GÉNÉRAL' (The General Treasurer) at left and 'LE DIRECTEUR DES FINANCES' (The Director of Finance) at right. The denomination 'DIX CENTS' appears at the bottom. The printer name 'PHAM-NGOC-KHUÊ' appears at lower left and 'IDEO-HANOI' at lower right, indicating printing in Hanoi. Decorative geometric patterns frame the note.

back_description:
  Rice stalks (two bundles) flanking a central anti-counterfeiting warning text in French. The text reads 'L'ART. 139 DU CODE PÉNAL PUNIT DES TRAVAUX FORCÉS À PERPÉTUITÉ CEUX QUI AURONT CONTREFAIT OU FALSIFIÉ LES BILLETS ÉMIS PAR LE TRÉSOR PUBLIC' (Article 139 of the Penal Code punishes with forced labor for life those who counterfeit or falsify notes issued by the Public Treasury). The denomination appears as 'MỘT HÀO' (Vietnamese), '90' (Lao script), and Chinese characters '壹毫' in the corners, representing the multilingual nature of French Indochina. Geometric border patterns surround the design.

historical_notes:
  This 10 cents fractional currency note was issued by the Government General of French Indochina during the late colonial period, part of the Issue of 1939 series that circulated from 1939 until the end of World War II in 1945. French Indochina comprised modern-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The note features multilingual text reflecting the diverse territories: French (official colonial language), Vietnamese (MỘT HÀO = one hào/10 cents), Lao numerals, and Chinese characters. The printer IDEO-Hanoi (Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient) was the government printing facility in Hanoi. Following Japanese occupation during WWII and subsequent independence movements, French Indochina dissolved in 1954, with these notes replaced by separate national currencies. The Buddhist Era date 2478 corresponds to 1935 CE, though this series continued printing into the early 1940s.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_name: 1992 series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992-1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: J. Soedradjad Djiwandono; Direktur: Subarjo Joyosumarto
printer: Perum Percetakan Uang RI
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 141x65
watermark: Garuda Pancasila national emblem
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#a0522d,#8fbc8f
portrait_subject: Anak Gunung Krakatau
reverse_subject: Pinisi sailing vessel
themes: transport,maritime,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 127a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:33:34
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:27
front_description:
  The Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), also known as the rhinoceros hornbill, a large bird native to the Indonesian archipelago. The bird is depicted with its distinctive casque and plumage against decorative patterns. The hornbill is culturally significant in Dayak and other indigenous Indonesian cultures, where it is revered as a sacred bird and appears in traditional art and ceremonies. The front also features the note's denomination '100' and the text 'ANAK SUMATRA KERA/ATAU' (referring to the specific subject).

back_description:
  A Pinisi sailing vessel (Perahu Pinisi), the traditional two-masted sailing ship of the Bugis and Makassar people of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Pinisi represents Indonesia's rich maritime heritage and the seafaring traditions of the archipelago. These vessels, still built using traditional methods, have been used for centuries for inter-island trade throughout Southeast Asia. The back displays 'SERATUS RUPIAH' (One Hundred Rupiah) and includes the signatures of the Governor and Director of Bank Indonesia, along with the Garuda Pancasila national emblem.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the 1992 series issued by Bank Indonesia, printed domestically by Perum Percetakan Uang RI (the Indonesian State Printing Corporation) as indicated by the imprint 'IMP. 1994' on the back. The series was issued during a period of economic growth in Indonesia under the New Order government. The 1992 series featured Indonesian wildlife and cultural motifs, emphasizing national identity and natural heritage. This series was eventually replaced by subsequent issues in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The note was demonetized but remains a common piece among collectors of Indonesian currency.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 500
series_name: 1992 series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2010
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: (illegible); Direktur: (illegible)
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x70
watermark: Stylized flower/decorative motif in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c899,#a8b870,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Orangutan
reverse_subject: Lamin traditional house of East Kalimantan
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 128
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:06
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:38
front_description:
  The head office building of Bank Indonesia in Jakarta, the central bank's headquarters. The neoclassical structure has served as the symbol of Indonesia's monetary authority since the nation's independence. The building represents modern Indonesian financial infrastructure and national sovereignty.

back_description:
  Lamin traditional house of East Kalimantan (Rumah Adat Kalimantan Timur), a distinctive longhouse architecture of the Dayak people. These elevated wooden structures with steep roofs are communal dwellings that can house multiple families and represent the indigenous cultural heritage of Borneo. The Lamin is among the most recognizable traditional house forms in the Indonesian archipelago.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1992 series of Indonesian rupiah notes issued by Bank Indonesia, which introduced updated designs featuring regional traditional houses (rumah adat) from across the archipelago on the reverse sides. The series circulated through the 1990s and into the 2000s, spanning the period of rapid economic growth, the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis, and the post-Suharto reform era. These notes were gradually withdrawn and replaced by the 1998–2000 series, with final demonetization occurring in 2010.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_name: 1964 issue
series_year: 1964
series_range: 1964-1968
issue_year: 1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1968
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (previous series)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1968 series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: T. Jusuf; Direktur: Radius Prawiro
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x75
watermark: Garuda Pancasila emblem
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #a0522d,#f5deb3,#8b0000
reverse_subject: Cenderawasih (Bird-of-Paradise)
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 96
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:07
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:07
front_description:
  Decorative guilloche patterns with denomination 25 (seratus rupiah = 100 rupiah, with '25' as part of the design series numbering system used during this period). The note features intricate geometric rosettes and line-work security printing characteristic of 1960s Indonesian currency. The serial number BVV 02714 appears at top center. Warning text in Indonesian appears at bottom regarding counterfeiting penalties.

back_description:
  Cenderawasih or Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea species), an iconic bird native to the Indonesian region of Papua (formerly Irian Jaya). This bird is one of Indonesia's most celebrated wildlife symbols, known for its spectacular plumage and elaborate courtship displays. The species has deep cultural significance to indigenous Papuan peoples and represents Indonesia's extraordinary biodiversity. The denomination '100 SERATUS RUPIAH' appears prominently with 'BANK INDONESIA' header and signatures of the Gubernur (Governor) and Direktur dated 1964.

historical_notes:
  This 100 rupiah note belongs to the 1964 issue of Bank Indonesia currency, issued during the presidency of Sukarno and a period of significant economic instability. The denomination markings show '25' on the front (part of a series numbering convention) corresponding to 100 rupiah actual value. This series was in circulation during Indonesia's period of hyperinflation in the mid-1960s and was replaced by the 1968 currency reform following Sukarno's fall from power. The note features Radius Prawiro as Direktur, who later became a prominent economist and Finance Minister. The series is characterized by wildlife themes celebrating Indonesia's natural heritage.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_name: 1992 series
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 141x65
security_features: thread,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#a0522d
reverse_subject: Traditional Dayak longhouse
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 127h
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:23
front_description:
  The Gelora Bung Karno Stadium (formerly Senayan Main Stadium) in Jakarta, Indonesia's largest multi-purpose stadium built in 1962 for the fourth Asian Games. Named after Sukarno, Indonesia's first president, the stadium is a symbol of Indonesian national pride and serves as the primary venue for major sporting and cultural events. The note features geometric architectural lines emphasizing the modernist design of the stadium's distinctive facade and roof structure.

back_description:
  Traditional Dayak longhouse from East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), representing the indigenous architecture of the Dayak peoples. These communal longhouses (rumah panjang) are elevated wooden structures that can house multiple families and serve as the center of Dayak community life. The depiction includes surrounding tropical vegetation and the characteristic steep-pitched roof typical of traditional Kalimantan architecture, symbolizing Indonesia's cultural diversity and respect for indigenous heritage.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1992 series of Indonesian rupiah banknotes issued by Bank Indonesia, which featured national landmarks and cultural heritage sites. This 100 rupiah note was part of a comprehensive redesign that emphasized Indonesia's architectural heritage and cultural diversity. The note remained in circulation until it was gradually withdrawn in the 2000s as inflation diminished its purchasing power, and was officially demonetized in 2008. The series represented Indonesia's post-Suharto transition period and nation-building efforts through cultural representation.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 25
series_name: Sukarno series
series_year: 1964
series_range: 1964-1968
issue_year: 1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1968
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (ORI series)
successor_currency: New Rupiah (1965 redenomination)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur; Direktur
printer: Perum Peruri (PN Pertjetakan Kebajoran)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x75
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#d2691e
portrait_subject: Sukarno
reverse_subject: Mount Krakatau (Anak Krakatau)
themes: statesman,military,independence,volcano
pick_number: P-95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:34:25
front_description:
  Sukarno (1901–1970), first president of Indonesia and leader of the Indonesian independence movement. A founding father of the Indonesian nation, he proclaimed independence in 1945 and served as president from 1945 to 1967, promoting nationalist, socialist, and anti-imperialist policies under his "Guided Democracy" system. This note features his portrait wearing the peci (traditional Indonesian cap) alongside his signature and the text "Gubernur Direktur" indicating the signatures of Bank Indonesia officials.

back_description:
  Mount Krakatau (Anak Krakatau - "Child of Krakatau"), the volcanic island in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. Anak Krakatau emerged from the caldera created by the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatau, which was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history. The depiction shows the active volcano with its characteristic smoke plume, symbolizing Indonesia's volcanic geography as part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

historical_notes:
  This 25 sen note belongs to the Sukarno series issued by Bank Indonesia from 1964 to 1968, during the final years of Sukarno's presidency and a period of severe economic instability and hyperinflation. The inscription "PN Pertjetakan Kebajoran" indicates it was printed at the state printing works in Kebayoran (now Perum Peruri). The series was demonetized in 1968 following Sukarno's removal from power and the introduction of currency reforms under the New Order government of Suharto. These notes represent the end of the Old Order era in Indonesian history.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 500 Rupiah
series_name: 1992 series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2010
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Direktur: signature present; Gubernur: signature present
printer: Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 141x68
watermark: Orangutan portrait in clear field at center
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a0c896
portrait_subject: Orangutan
reverse_subject: General Soedirman
themes: wildlife,military,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 128
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:09
front_description:
  Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), a critically endangered great ape species native to the rainforests of Sumatra. The orangutan, labeled 'ORANG UTAN' on the note, is one of Indonesia's most iconic and protected wildlife species. The front also features the Indonesian national emblem Garuda Pancasila at upper right, and signatures of the Governor (Gubernur) and Director (Direktur) of Bank Indonesia from the 1992 series.

back_description:
  General Soedirman (1916–1950), Indonesian military leader and the first commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces during the Indonesian National Revolution. He led guerrilla resistance against Dutch forces during the independence struggle despite suffering from tuberculosis, and is revered as a national hero. The reverse also displays the Indonesian coat of arms (Garuda Pancasila) and the year 1968, referencing the earlier series design elements that were retained in this denomination.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1992 series of Indonesian rupiah, issued by Bank Indonesia. The series was printed by Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia (PERURI), the state printing company. The 500 Rupiah denomination featuring the orangutan was part of Indonesia's effort to highlight its unique biodiversity and national heroes. This series circulated through the 1990s and was gradually replaced by coins and higher-denomination notes as inflation reduced the purchasing power of smaller denominations. The note was officially demonetized in 2010.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 2.5
series_name: 1961 Series
series_year: 1961
series_range: 1961-1964
issue_year: 1968
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1964
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (1950 Series)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1964 Series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Direksi: T. Jusuf; Direksi: Radius Prawiro
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x74
watermark: Stylized numeral 1 in ornamental guilloche pattern at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#000000
portrait_subject: Female tapper collecting rubber latex
reverse_subject: Female farm worker with agricultural scene
themes: agriculture,industry,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 77
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:10
updated_at: 2026-05-09 11:07:54
front_description:
  Female rubber tapper collecting latex from a rubber tree, representing Indonesia's important rubber industry. The figure wears traditional dress and is shown in the act of harvesting natural rubber, one of Indonesia's major export commodities in the post-independence era. This occupational portrait emphasizes the role of agriculture and primary industries in the young nation's economy.

back_description:
  Female agricultural worker in traditional dress standing in a farm setting with vegetation, symbolizing Indonesia's agricultural foundation. The scene depicts rural farming activities central to Indonesian society and economy during the early years of independence, with text reading 'MENJAGA KEUANGAN' (maintaining finances) above the year 1961.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the 1961 Series issued by Bank Indonesia following the establishment of the republic. The series featured occupational and agricultural themes highlighting Indonesia's economic sectors. The fractional denomination of 2½ rupiah reflects the inflationary pressures of the early 1960s under Sukarno's Guided Economy period. These notes were withdrawn and replaced by the 1964 series as Indonesia underwent significant monetary reforms. The 1961 series is notable for its emphasis on labor and productivity themes rather than political figures.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 2½ Rupiah
series_name: ORI series
series_range: 1945–1949
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1950
predecessor_currency: Netherlands Indies gulden
successor_currency: Rupiah RIS
issuer: Republic of Indonesia
issuer_native: Republik Indonesia
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#4a6b8a,#8b6f47
reverse_subject: Rice plant and coconut palm
themes: agriculture,independence
pick_number: S122
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: id
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:10
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:10
front_description:
  Rice plant (padi) and coconut palm depicted in ornate linear engraving, symbolizing Indonesia's agricultural foundation. The ORI (Oeang Republik Indonesia) was the first currency issued by the newly proclaimed Republic of Indonesia during the revolutionary period, representing economic sovereignty and independence from Dutch colonial rule. The denomination 2½ rupiah appears in both Arabic numerals and a circular guilloche pattern at upper right, with the legal tender clause in Indonesian occupying the upper left.

back_description:
  Identical design to the front, featuring the rice plant and coconut palm motif with denomination markers. The reverse repeats the agricultural theme that was central to Indonesia's revolutionary currency, emphasizing the nation's economic self-sufficiency. The text 'TUT DIMUKA HAKIM' (payable before a judge) appears at bottom, reinforcing the legal tender status of this revolutionary currency.

historical_notes:
  The ORI (Oeang Republik Indonesia) series was issued between October 1945 and 1949 as the first national currency of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia, proclaimed on August 17, 1945. This revolutionary currency was produced under extremely difficult wartime conditions during the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch colonial forces. The 2½ rupiah denomination was among the fractional denominations issued to facilitate daily transactions. The ORI was replaced by the Rupiah RIS (Republic of the United States of Indonesia) in 1950 following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. These notes are historically significant as symbols of Indonesian sovereignty and are now collectible items representing the revolutionary period.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 500
series_name: 1992 Series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2010
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Direktur: [signature]; Gubernur: [signature]
printer: Perum Percetakan Uang RI
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Orangutan in clear field at center
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8fb376,#a0783c
portrait_subject: Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
reverse_subject: Traditional East Kalimantan Dayak longhouse (Rumah Adat Kalimantan Timur)
themes: wildlife,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 128
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:10
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:10
front_description:
  Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the great ape native to Borneo and Sumatra, depicted at left in its natural forest habitat. The orangutan is an endangered species and an important symbol of Indonesia's tropical biodiversity. The note bears the Indonesian text 'ORANG UTAN' identifying the subject. The 1992 series represented Bank Indonesia's effort to showcase the nation's natural heritage and regional architectural diversity on its currency.

back_description:
  Traditional Dayak longhouse (rumah adat) from East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur), identified by the inscription 'RUMAH ADAT KALIMANTAN TIMUR' at lower right. The longhouse is the characteristic communal dwelling of the indigenous Dayak peoples of Borneo, built on stilts with distinctive peaked roofs and intricate wooden carvings. These structures house multiple families and serve as centers of Dayak cultural and social life.

historical_notes:
  The 1992 series of Indonesian rupiah introduced a thematic approach pairing wildlife with regional traditional architecture (rumah adat) from across the archipelago. The 500 rupiah note featured the orangutan, an iconic endangered primate endemic to Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, alongside the traditional longhouse of East Kalimantan's Dayak peoples. This series was issued by Bank Indonesia and printed by Perum Percetakan Uang RI (the State Money Printing Corporation). The notes remained in circulation through the late 1990s and were gradually withdrawn after 2000, with final demonetization occurring in 2010. The series is well-documented as Pick numbers 127–131.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 2½ Rupiah (front) / 1000 Rupiah (back)
series_name: Seri Kebudayaan (Cultural Series)
series_year: 1961 (front) / 1980 (back)
series_range: 1961–1964
issue_year: 1961 (front) / 1980 (back)
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1964
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (De Javasche Bank)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1965 redenomination)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 143x73
watermark: Garuda Pancasila
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#4a5f6d
portrait_subject: Female farmer (front)
reverse_subject: General Soedirman (back)
themes: agriculture,military,statesman
pick_number: P-79
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin, Indonesian
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:35:55
updated_at: 2026-05-09 11:05:24
front_description:
  Indonesian female farmer working in rice fields with agricultural tools. The scene represents Indonesia's agrarian economy and the importance of rice cultivation to the nation's food security and cultural identity. The denomination shown is 2½ rupiah from 1961, issued by Republik Indonesia during the early post-independence period.

back_description:
  General Soedirman (1916–1950), the first commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and a national hero of Indonesia. He led guerrilla warfare against Dutch forces during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949) despite suffering from tuberculosis. He is revered as a symbol of dedication, sacrifice, and military leadership during Indonesia's struggle for independence. This portrait appears on the 1000 rupiah note dated 1980.

historical_notes:
  These images show two different Indonesian banknotes from different eras and denominations. The front shows a 2½ rupiah note from 1961, part of Indonesia's early post-independence currency issues under President Sukarno. The reverse shows a 1000 rupiah note from 1980, issued during President Suharto's New Order period. The pairing of these two different notes is unusual and suggests they are not the front and back of the same banknote, but rather two separate notes photographed together or misidentified as obverse and reverse.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 50
series_name: 1964 Series
series_year: 1964
series_range: 1964-1968
issue_year: 1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1968
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (old series)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1968 series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: signature present; Direktur: signature present
printer: Perum Perjetakan Kebajoran (P.N. Pertjetakan Kebajoran)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 162x80
watermark: Garuda Pancasila emblem in clear field at right on back
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#6b5f4d,#8b7355
reverse_subject: Traditional Indonesian textile weaver
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,architecture
pick_number: P-95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:29
front_description:
  Traditional Indonesian village scene depicting thatched-roof houses (rumah adat) with palm trees in a rural mountainous landscape. This vignette represents traditional Indonesian architecture and rural life, showing stilted structures characteristic of vernacular building styles found across the archipelago. The scene emphasizes Indonesia's agricultural heritage and traditional village communities.

back_description:
  Traditional Indonesian woman weaving on a hand loom, representing the nation's rich textile heritage. Indonesia has centuries-old traditions of textile production including batik, ikat, and songket weaving, which remain culturally significant crafts. The weaver is shown with a traditional spinning wheel and loom, symbolizing domestic industry and the preservation of indigenous craftsmanship in post-independence Indonesia.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1964 series issued by Bank Indonesia during the Sukarno era, a period of economic instability and inflation. The series featured scenes of traditional Indonesian life, agriculture, and culture, emphasizing national identity and indigenous heritage following independence. The rupiah underwent significant devaluation during this period, leading to currency reform in 1965-1966. This series was replaced by the 1968 series following the transition to the New Order government under Suharto. The notes were printed domestically at Perum Perjetakan Kebajoran in Jakarta.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 500
series_name: 1982 Series
series_year: 1982
series_range: 1982-1992
issue_year: 1982
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Rachmat Saleh; Direktur: Arifin M. Siregar
printer: Perum Peruri (Indonesian State Printing Works)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 160x75
watermark: Garuda Pancasila in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c4a0,#4a5c4e,#8b7355
reverse_subject: Lesser Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea minor)
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture,wildlife
pick_number: 121a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:31
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:31
front_description:
  Traditional Dayak house (rumah adat) from Kalimantan, featuring the distinctive high-peaked thatched roof supported by wooden pillars and surrounded by palm trees and tropical vegetation. The Dayak are indigenous peoples of Borneo (Kalimantan) known for their unique longhouse architecture that reflects communal living traditions. The note also displays geometric patterns derived from traditional Indonesian textile motifs (batik and ikat designs) at the right margin.

back_description:
  Lesser Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea minor or Cenderawasih Kuning), one of the spectacular bird species endemic to New Guinea and surrounding islands, depicted at left with its distinctive ornamental plumage. These birds were prized in traditional Indonesian culture and remain a symbol of natural beauty. The back also features the Garuda Pancasila, Indonesia's national emblem, at upper right, representing the five principles of Indonesian state philosophy.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1982 series of Indonesian rupiah, issued during the New Order era under President Suharto. The series emphasized Indonesia's cultural diversity and natural heritage, with each denomination featuring traditional architecture and endemic wildlife from different regions of the archipelago. The 500 rupiah featured Dayak architecture from Kalimantan and the Bird-of-Paradise, highlighting Indonesia's rich biodiversity. Printed by Perum Peruri, Indonesia's state printing company established in 1971. This series was gradually withdrawn in the early 1990s and replaced with updated designs.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000 Rupiah
series_name: Issue of 1960
series_year: 1960
series_range: 1960–1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1964
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (1949 series)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1964 series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Loekman Hakim; Direktur: T.E.H. Soedarjo
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
engraver: Junalies Del
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 178x88
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#4a5f7a,#8b9c6e
reverse_subject: Traditional Indonesian weaving (woman at loom)
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture,industry
pick_number: P-60
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:33
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:33
front_description:
  Terraced rice paddies (sawah) in mountainous terrain, depicting Indonesia's traditional agricultural landscape. The terracing system represents centuries-old farming practices in Java and other Indonesian islands, essential to the nation's rice cultivation and food security. This design celebrates Indonesia's agricultural heritage and the importance of rice farming to Indonesian society and economy.

back_description:
  Traditional Indonesian weaving (woman at loom). A woman is shown operating a traditional Indonesian weaving loom, representing the nation's rich textile heritage including batik and songket production. This scene honors the artisanal crafts and indigenous textile traditions that are central to Indonesian cultural identity across the archipelago, particularly in regions like Java, Sumatra, and Bali.

historical_notes:
  Issue of 1960 series, part of the early Republic of Indonesia banknotes following independence. This series was issued during the period of Guided Democracy under President Sukarno. These notes circulated during a period of economic instability and were eventually replaced by the 1964 series as Indonesia struggled with inflation. The denomination of 1000 Rupiah was significant at the time. Printed domestically by Pertjetakan Kebajoran (Kebajoran Press), reflecting Indonesia's efforts to establish independent currency production capacity. The series featured themes of Indonesian agriculture, culture, and national development.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_name: 1959 Rupiah series
series_year: 1959
series_range: 1959-1965
issue_year: 1959
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1965
predecessor_currency: Rupiah RIS
successor_currency: New Rupiah (1965 reform)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur; Direktur
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x77
watermark: Garuda Pancasila in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4af7a,#8b4a4a,#a8c496
reverse_subject: Orchid flowers
themes: wildlife,nature
pick_number: 68
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:52
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:36:52
front_description:
  Anak Gunung Krakatau (Child of Krakatau), the volcanic island that emerged in 1927-1930 from the caldera of Krakatau, which famously erupted in 1883. The scene depicts the active volcanic cone with smoke plume rising from its crater, symbolizing Indonesia's dramatic volcanic landscape and natural regeneration. The denomination 100 appears at upper left and lower right, with 'BANK INDONESIA' in ornate text at top. Serial number CCF235582 appears twice.

back_description:
  Orchid flowers (likely Phalaenopsis amabilis, the national flower of Indonesia known as the 'moon orchid' or puspa bangsa) arranged in a spray against geometric patterns. The text 'SEPULUH RUPIAH' (ten rupiah) appears prominently, along with 'BANK INDONESIA' at top. Date 'DJAKARTA 1 DJANUARI 1959' and printer imprint 'THOMAS DE LA RUE & COMPANY, LIMITED' appear at bottom, with signature titles 'GUBERNUR' and 'DIREKTUR'.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1959 Rupiah series issued by Bank Indonesia, the first series printed after the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia and establishment of the unitary Republic of Indonesia. Dated 1 January 1959, this series was produced during the Guided Democracy period under President Sukarno. The notes were demonetized in 1965 during the currency reform that introduced the 'New Rupiah' at a rate of 1 New Rupiah = 1,000 old Rupiah to combat severe inflation. Printed by Thomas De La Rue in England, the series featured Indonesian natural landmarks and flora.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1992 series
series_range: 1992–2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-12-31
issuer: Bank Indonesia
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x68
watermark: Garuda Pancasila in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4c896,#8b9ba3,#4a5a6a
reverse_subject: Traditional stone jumping ceremony (Lompat Batu) from Nias Island
themes: indigenous_culture,sport
pick_number: 129
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:22
front_description:
  Lake Toba (Danau Toba), the world's largest volcanic lake located in North Sumatra. The lake formed approximately 74,000 years ago following a supervolcanic eruption and is a major tourist destination and cultural site for the Batak people. The scene depicts the mountainous shores and waters of the lake, emphasizing Indonesia's dramatic volcanic geography and natural heritage.

back_description:
  Traditional stone jumping ceremony (Lompat Batu) from Nias Island, South Sumatra. This ancient ritual involves young men leaping over stone towers up to two meters high as a rite of passage demonstrating courage, agility, and readiness for warrior status. The practice originated in preparation for warfare and raids but has continued as a cultural tradition celebrating Nias indigenous heritage. The note shows a jumper mid-leap over a stone structure with traditional village buildings in the background.

historical_notes:
  Part of Bank Indonesia's 1992 series issued during President Suharto's New Order era. This series replaced the earlier 1980s designs with themes celebrating Indonesian natural wonders and indigenous cultures from across the archipelago. The 1000 rupiah was withdrawn from circulation on December 31, 2008, as part of Bank Indonesia's currency rationalization program. These notes were printed domestically by Perum Peruri (the Indonesian state printing company).


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1980 series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1980–1992
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Rachmat Saleh; Direktur: Sudirno
printer: Perum Percetakan Uang RI
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 153x70
watermark: Portrait of Sudirman in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4e4bc,#6b9080,#1a3a2e
portrait_subject: General Sudirman
reverse_subject: Cenderawasih birds (Birds of Paradise)
themes: military,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 119
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:22
front_description:
  Two Cenderawasih (Birds of Paradise) flanking a large central oval space, set against ornate decorative scrollwork. The Cenderawasih is endemic to the Indonesian region of Papua and is a national symbol of Indonesia, featured on many Indonesian banknotes to represent the nation's rich biodiversity and cultural heritage. The birds are depicted in their characteristic crested and plumed appearance.

back_description:
  General Sudirman (1916–1950), supreme commander of the Indonesian armed forces during the Indonesian National Revolution. He led guerrilla resistance against Dutch colonial forces during the Indonesian War of Independence (1945–1949) despite suffering from tuberculosis. Sudirman is one of Indonesia's most revered national heroes, honoured for his leadership, military strategy, and dedication to Indonesian independence. His portrait has appeared on multiple denominations of Indonesian currency.

historical_notes:
  The 1980 series of Indonesian rupiah notes was issued by Bank Indonesia during the New Order period under President Suharto. This series replaced the 1968 series and remained in circulation until 1992 when it was superseded by new designs. The 1000 rupiah note of this series features General Sudirman, continuing Indonesia's tradition of honouring independence heroes on its currency. The reverse depicts the Cenderawasih (Bird of Paradise), symbolizing Indonesian natural heritage. Printed domestically by Perum Percetakan Uang RI (Indonesian State Money Printing Corporation).


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1
series_name: First Rupiah series
series_year: 1961
series_range: 1961-1964
issue_year: 1961
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1965
predecessor_currency: Rupiah
successor_currency: New Rupiah
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: (signature visible); Direktur: (signature visible)
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x75
watermark: Garuda Pancasila emblem
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#556b5a,#f5e6c8
reverse_subject: Cotton flower (Gossypium)
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-75
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:23
front_description:
  Indonesian agricultural scene depicting a female farmer with traditional conical hat (caping) in rice paddy field with palm trees, representing the nation's agrarian economy. The vignette shows traditional rice cultivation methods central to Indonesian culture and livelihood. Date printed as 1961, issued by Bank Indonesia.

back_description:
  Cotton flower (Gossypium) at center, symbolizing Indonesia's agricultural production and textile industry. The yellow-blooming cotton plant represents one of Indonesia's important cash crops. Flanked by decorative sunburst patterns and serial numbers. Issued from Jakarta, dated 1 Djanuari 1959 (though this is a 1961 series note, the design date references the earlier authorization).

historical_notes:
  First Rupiah series issued 1961–1964 by Bank Indonesia following monetary reforms. This series was part of the Old Rupiah (Rupiah Lama) and was later replaced in 1965 when Indonesia implemented a redenomination at 1,000:1, creating the New Rupiah (Rupiah Baru). The 1 Rupiah denomination was the lowest value note of this series. Printed by Thomas De La Rue in the UK, these notes featured agricultural themes emphasizing Indonesia's agrarian economy during the Sukarno era.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1992 Series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–2000
issue_year: 1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-12-31
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: J. Soedradjad Djiwandono; Direktur: Hendrobudiyanto
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x68
watermark: Garuda Pancasila emblem in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #c8b88a,#8b7355,#a65959
reverse_subject: Goura victoria (Victoria Crowned Pigeon)
themes: wildlife,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 129g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:19
front_description:
  Lake Toba, the largest volcanic lake in the world, located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Formed by a supervolcanic eruption approximately 74,000 years ago, Lake Toba is one of Indonesia's most iconic natural landmarks and a center of Batak culture. The lake measures approximately 100 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide, with Samosir Island in its center. This note prominently features the volcanic caldera landscape with terraced agricultural fields in the foreground, symbolizing the harmony between nature and traditional farming practices in the region.

back_description:
  Goura victoria (Victoria Crowned Pigeon), a large ground-dwelling pigeon native to the lowland and swamp forests of northern New Guinea. Named after Queen Victoria, it is distinguished by its elegant blue-grey plumage and spectacular lace-like crest of maroon-tipped feathers. The species is Near Threatened due to habitat loss and hunting. The back also features the Garuda Pancasila, the national emblem of Indonesia, depicting a mythical eagle-like bird representing the unity and philosophy of the Indonesian state.

historical_notes:
  This banknote belongs to the 1992 Series issued by Bank Indonesia, which introduced several denominations featuring Indonesia's natural landscapes, wildlife, and cultural heritage. The 1000 rupiah note was issued from 1992 through 2000, with various signature and date variants. The series was designed by Heru Soeroso and printed by Perum Peruri (Perusahaan Umum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia), the Indonesian state printing company. This note was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on December 31, 2008, when Bank Indonesia introduced new polymer-based currency series with enhanced security features. The 1992 series represented a period of economic growth before the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 5000
series_name: 1986 series
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1986-1992
issue_year: 1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Arifin M. Siregar; Direktur: J. Sumarlin
printer: Perum Peruri (Perum Percetakan Uang RI)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x72
watermark: Portrait of Teuku Umar in clear field at center
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: Teuku Umar
reverse_subject: Birds and fish in decorative arrangement
themes: military,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 125a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:46
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:37:46
front_description:
  Teuku Umar (1854–1899), Indonesian national hero from Aceh who led guerrilla resistance against Dutch colonial forces during the Aceh War. He is honoured for his strategic military leadership and ultimate sacrifice in the struggle for Indonesian independence. The front features an ornamental design with birds and fish in a symmetrical arrangement surrounding a watermark window, with Indonesian text warning against counterfeiting and emphasizing legal tender status.

back_description:
  Portrait of Teuku Umar wearing traditional Acehnese attire with a distinctive head covering (destar). The design includes the Garuda Pancasila (national emblem of Indonesia) at upper right, denomination numeral 5000 at left and right, and text 'LIMA RIBU RUPIAH' (Five Thousand Rupiah) with the year 1986. The note carries signatures of the Governor (Gubernur) and Director (Direktur) of Bank Indonesia, with printer notation 'PERUM PERCETAKAN UANG RI IMP.' indicating production by the Indonesian state mint.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1986 series issued by Bank Indonesia during the New Order era under President Suharto. This series featured Indonesian national heroes and remained in circulation until being replaced by newer designs in the early 1990s. The 5000 rupiah denomination was significant during this period of Indonesia's economic development. Teuku Umar was chosen as a symbol of national resistance and unity, particularly representing the Acehnese contribution to Indonesian independence. The note was printed domestically by Perum Peruri (the Indonesian government printing corporation).


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_name: Workers Series
series_year: 1958
series_range: 1958-1960
issue_year: 1958
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1965
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (RIS)
successor_currency: Rupiah (Sukarno series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: T.S.G. Mulia; Direktur: Loekman Hakim
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 168x84
watermark: Blank oval area at right
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #a0522d,#f5deb3,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Rice farmer at work
themes: agriculture,industry,worker
pick_number: 59
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:17
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:17
front_description:
  Bendungan Tangga Asahan (Asahan Cascading Dam) in North Sumatra, a hydroelectric power project that was one of Indonesia's major infrastructure developments in the post-independence era. The dam represents the nation's efforts toward industrialization and energy self-sufficiency. The front includes anti-counterfeiting text warning against forgery or possession of counterfeit currency.

back_description:
  Rice farmer at work in a paddy field, representing Indonesia's agricultural foundation and the vital role of farmers in the nation's economy. The design honors the working class and symbolizes the country's commitment to rural development and food security in the early years of independence under President Sukarno.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the 1958 Workers Series (Seri Pekerja), issued by Bank Indonesia during the Guided Democracy period under President Sukarno. The series emphasized themes of labor, agriculture, and infrastructure development as symbols of the young nation's progress. Printed domestically by Pertjetakan Kebajoran (Kebajoran Press), these notes circulated until they were replaced during the 1965 currency reform that addressed inflation. The 100 rupiah denomination was a mid-range value in everyday commerce during this period.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 1980 Series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1980-1992
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Rachmat Saleh; Direktur: Sukirno del
printer: Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x72
watermark: Portrait of Sudirman in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c896,#8ba8a3,#5a7080
portrait_subject: Sudirman
reverse_subject: Siti Hinggil Kraton Yogyakarta
themes: military,architecture
pick_number: 119
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:18
front_description:
  Siti Hinggil Kraton Yogyakarta, the raised pavilion at the main gate of the Sultan's palace in Yogyakarta, one of Indonesia's most important royal and cultural sites. The structure serves as a throne pavilion where the Sultan addresses the public and has been central to Javanese court ceremonies since the 18th century. It represents Indonesian royal heritage and cultural continuity.

back_description:
  General Sudirman (1916-1950), Indonesian military officer and national hero who served as the first commander-in-chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces during the National Revolution. Despite suffering from tuberculosis, he led guerrilla warfare against Dutch colonial forces during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949), refusing to surrender even when the capital fell. He is revered as the father of the Indonesian military and symbol of dedication to independence.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1980 series issued by Bank Indonesia, which remained in circulation until the 1992 series replaced it. The series featured Indonesian national heroes and important cultural landmarks. The 1000 rupiah denomination was a mid-range note during this period. Printed by Perum Percetakan Uang RI (the Indonesian state mint), these notes featured traditional security elements including watermarks, security threads, and intricate guilloche patterns. The series was eventually demonetized as Indonesia modernized its currency designs in the 1990s.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000 Rupiah
series_name: 1987 series
series_year: 1987
series_range: 1987-1992
issue_year: 1987
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Arifin M. Siregar; Direktur: J. Soedradjad Djiwandono
printer: Perum Peruri (Indonesian State Printing Works)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x73
watermark: Garuda Pancasila emblem in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a3,#98b89e,#5a5a5a
portrait_subject: Raja Sisingamangaraja XII
reverse_subject: Menara Kudus Mosque tower
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-129a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:20
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:20
front_description:
  Menara Kudus Mosque tower in Central Java, one of Indonesia's oldest mosques dating to 1549. The tower displays a unique blend of Hindu-Javanese and Islamic architectural styles, reflecting the syncretic cultural heritage of Java during the spread of Islam. This architectural monument was designed by Sunan Kudus, one of the Wali Sanga (nine Islamic saints of Java), and remains an important pilgrimage site and symbol of religious harmony.

back_description:
  Raja Sisingamangaraja XII (c.1849-1907), the last priest-king of the Batak people of North Sumatra and a national hero of Indonesia. He led a 30-year resistance against Dutch colonial expansion into the Batak highlands from 1878 until his death in battle in 1907. His struggle for independence made him a symbol of anti-colonial resistance, and he was posthumously declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 1961.

historical_notes:
  The 1987 series Indonesian rupiah notes were issued during the New Order period under President Suharto. This series featured various national heroes and cultural monuments to promote national unity and Indonesian identity. The 1000 rupiah note specifically honored Raja Sisingamangaraja XII and showcased the Menara Kudus mosque tower, representing Indonesia's diverse ethnic and religious heritage. These notes were withdrawn and replaced by the 1992 series as part of routine currency updates. The note includes the inscription 'DIREKSI' (Board of Directors) beneath the date 1987, confirming the directorate signatures of Bank Indonesia's leadership.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 10000
series_name: 1985 Series
series_year: 1985
series_range: 1985–1992
issue_year: 1985
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Arifin M. Siregar; Direktur: Sudirno
printer: Perum Peruri (Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x68
watermark: Portrait of R.A. Kartini in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c8a0,#8b4513,#6b4423
portrait_subject: R.A. Kartini
reverse_subject: Traditional Javanese house (rumah adat)
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: P-126b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:52
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:38:52
front_description:
  Traditional Javanese house (rumah adat) with distinctive raised roof architecture and decorative panels, surrounded by tropical vegetation. This architectural style represents Indonesian vernacular building traditions, particularly from Java, and emphasizes the nation's cultural heritage. The intricate guilloche patterns and ornamental borders showcase traditional Indonesian design motifs.

back_description:
  Raden Ajeng Kartini (1879–1904), Indonesian national heroine and pioneer of women's rights and education for native Indonesians during Dutch colonial rule. Behind her portrait is Candi Kalasan, a Buddhist temple built in the 8th century during the Sailendra dynasty in Central Java. Kartini's legacy as an advocate for indigenous education and women's emancipation made her one of Indonesia's most honored figures on banknotes. The Garuda Pancasila emblem appears at upper right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1985 Series issued by Bank Indonesia during the New Order period under President Suharto. The series featured Indonesian national heroes and cultural landmarks, emphasizing national identity and heritage. The 10,000 rupiah denomination was a high-value note at the time of issue. R.A. Kartini was chosen to represent the advancement of women's rights and education in Indonesian society. The series was gradually withdrawn in the early 1990s as newer security features became necessary. Notes were printed domestically by Perum Peruri, Indonesia's state printing company.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 10000
series_name: 1985 Series
series_range: 1985-1992
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: signature present; Direktur: signature present
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 159x74
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c49a,#8b6f5c,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: Cut Nyak Dhien
reverse_subject: Traditional Balinese dancer
themes: military,indigenous_culture,statesman
pick_number: P-129
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:22
front_description:
  Cut Nyak Dhien (1848–1908), Indonesian national heroine from Aceh who led guerrilla resistance against Dutch colonial forces for 25 years following the death of her husband Teuku Umar in the Aceh War. She continued fighting until her capture in 1901, becoming one of Indonesia's most celebrated freedom fighters and a symbol of women's resistance against colonialism.

back_description:
  Traditional Balinese female dancer in ceremonial dress performing a classical temple dance. The dancer represents Indonesia's rich cultural heritage, particularly the refined dance traditions of Bali that remain central to Hindu-Balinese religious and artistic expression. The image celebrates Indonesia's diverse indigenous cultures and traditional performing arts.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1985 Series issued by Bank Indonesia during a period of economic stabilization under President Suharto's New Order government. This series featured Indonesian national heroes and cultural motifs, moving away from the Sukarno-era designs. The 10,000 rupiah note was one of the higher denominations of the series. These notes were withdrawn from circulation in 1992 and replaced by a new series. The choice of Cut Nyak Dhien reflected the government's effort to honor regional heroes and recognize women's contributions to Indonesian independence.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100 Rupiah
series_name: 1992 Series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Direktur: illegible; Gubernur: illegible
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 141x68
watermark: Garuda Pancasila at center
security_features: watermark,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#a0522d,#2f4f2f
reverse_subject: Pinisi sailing ship
themes: architecture,transport,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 127h
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:23
front_description:
  Traditional Indonesian Rumah Gadang (Great House) of the Minangkabau people from West Sumatra. These distinctive houses feature dramatically upward-curving roof peaks resembling buffalo horns, representing the matrilineal Minangkabau culture; they serve as family homes and are emblematic of Indonesian architectural heritage. The note includes Indonesian text warning against counterfeiting.

back_description:
  Pinisi sailing ship, a traditional two-masted wooden vessel built by the Konjo people of South Sulawesi. These ships are renowned for their craftsmanship and have been used for inter-island trade throughout the Indonesian archipelago for centuries; they remain symbols of Indonesia's maritime heritage and seafaring traditions. The Garuda Pancasila national emblem appears at upper right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1992 series issued by Bank Indonesia, which featured traditional Indonesian cultural motifs and architecture. The 100 Rupiah denomination was part of the lower-value notes in circulation during the 1990s. The series was withdrawn and replaced following the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998, with new designs introduced in 1999. This series emphasized Indonesia's diverse cultural heritage through depictions of traditional houses and maritime vessels from different regions of the archipelago.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 10 Rupiah
series_name: Seri Pekerja (Worker Series)
series_year: 1963
series_range: 1963-1968
issue_year: 1963
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1968
predecessor_currency: Rupiah Riau
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur; Direktur
printer: Percetakan Kebajoran (Kebajoran Printing Works)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 159x85
watermark: Garuda Pancasila
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b4513,#654321
reverse_subject: Indonesian worker and wayang puppet
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-89
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:25
front_description:
  Traditional Indonesian rumah adat (traditional house) with distinctive thatched roof, representing vernacular architecture from the Indonesian archipelago. The structure features the characteristic elevated platform and ornate wooden construction typical of traditional dwellings in various Indonesian regions. The detailed engraving showcases tropical vegetation surrounding the house, emphasizing Indonesia's agricultural heritage and connection to traditional village life. The text indicates this note was issued under the agreement and supervision of monetary authorities.

back_description:
  Indonesian worker engaged in traditional craft, holding a wayang kulit (shadow puppet), one of Indonesia's most important cultural symbols recognized by UNESCO. The worker represents the common laborer and artisan class that this series honors. The wayang puppet connects to Java's ancient theatrical traditions dating back centuries, embodying stories from Hindu epics adapted into Indonesian culture. The denomination 'SEPULUH RUPIAH' (Ten Rupiah) appears prominently with the year 1963, signed by the Governor and Director of Bank Indonesia.

historical_notes:
  The Seri Pekerja (Worker Series) was issued by Bank Indonesia from 1963-1968 during the Sukarno era, designed to honor Indonesian workers and showcase national cultural heritage. This 10 Rupiah note features traditional architecture on the front and a worker with wayang puppet on the reverse, emphasizing Indonesia's cultural identity during the post-independence nation-building period. The series was printed domestically at Percetakan Kebajoran as part of Indonesia's efforts toward economic self-sufficiency. These notes circulated during a period of economic instability and were eventually replaced due to inflation. The 1963 series is notable for its artistic celebration of Indonesian workers, traditional culture, and indigenous architecture.


country: Indonesia
currency: Rupiah
denomination: 25
series_name: Series 1958
series_year: 1958
series_range: 1958–1964
issue_year: 1958
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1964
predecessor_currency: Rupiah (ORI series)
successor_currency: Rupiah (1964 series)
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: illegible; Direktur: illegible
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 170x85
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#e8dcc0
reverse_subject: Indonesian weaver at traditional loom
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,architecture
pick_number: P-56
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:27
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:39:27
front_description:
  Traditional Balinese temple compound with thatched-roof pavilions (bale) in typical Balinese architectural style. The vignette shows a temple courtyard with split gate (candi bentar) and traditional Hindu-Balinese religious architecture. A Barong mask, representing a protective spirit in Balinese mythology, appears at right. The front includes a lengthy penalty clause in Indonesian warning against counterfeiting and damaging currency, stating that such acts will be punished according to law. The design reflects Indonesia's cultural heritage and traditional architectural forms from the island of Bali.

back_description:
  Indonesian weaver at traditional loom with textile production scene. The vignette depicts a woman working at a handloom, representing Indonesia's traditional textile industry and crafts, particularly the production of batik and ikat fabrics that are central to Indonesian cultural identity. A volcanic mountain, likely representing one of Indonesia's many active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of Java and other islands, appears at right. The design emphasizes traditional industry and Indonesia's natural geography.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Series 1958 issued by Bank Indonesia during the period of Parliamentary Democracy under President Sukarno. These notes were printed domestically by Pertjetakan Kebajoran (later known as Perum Peruri). The series featured Indonesian cultural motifs and traditional scenes, emphasizing national identity in the post-independence period. The 1958 series was in circulation during a period of economic instability and was eventually replaced by the 1964 series during currency reforms. The elaborate penalty clause on the front reflects concerns about counterfeiting in the early years of the Republic.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_year: 1964
issue_year: 1964
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: signature present; Direktur: signature present
printer: Pertjetakan Kebajoran
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c89a,#8fb4a4,#e8a89a
reverse_subject: Indonesian woman in traditional dress
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife
pick_number: 98
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:23
front_description:
  Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis), an endemic dwarf buffalo native to Sulawesi, Indonesia. The anoa is one of the smallest wild cattle species in the world and is critically endangered. The note depicts the animal in its natural mountainous forest habitat, with Banda Neira visible in the background vignette — a reference to the Banda Islands in the Maluku archipelago, historically important in the spice trade. The anoa represents Indonesia's unique wildlife heritage.

back_description:
  Indonesian woman in traditional dress and headwear, representing the cultural diversity of the Indonesian archipelago. The portrait emphasizes indigenous culture and national identity during the Sukarno era. The back features signatures of the Governor (Gubernur) and Director (Direktur) of Bank Indonesia, with 'Sepuluh Sen' (Ten Sen) denomination text, as this note was issued during Indonesia's currency redenomination period.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 rupiah note was issued in 1964 during the Sukarno presidency, a period of significant economic instability and hyperinflation in Indonesia. The note was printed domestically by Pertjetakan Kebajoran (Kebajoran Printing Works). The 1964 series was part of Indonesia's post-independence currency issues and was eventually withdrawn and demonetized as Indonesia underwent currency reforms to combat hyperinflation. The note represents a transitional period in Indonesian monetary history before the New Order era and subsequent currency stabilization.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 2016 Pahlawan Nasional series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2016–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2016-12-19
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
printer: Perum Peruri
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 141x65
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,uv,optically_variable_ink,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4af77,#8b7355,#a8c89e
portrait_subject: Tjut Meutia
reverse_subject: Anak Gunung Krakatau
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture,wildlife
pick_number: P-154
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:25
signatures:
  Gubernur Bank Indonesia: (signature present); Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia: (signature present)

front_description:
  Anak Gunung Krakatau (Child of Krakatoa), the volcanic island that emerged in the caldera created by the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. The volcano has been continuously active since 1927 and represents Indonesia's dramatic volcanic geology. The note's front also features Garuda Pancasila, Indonesia's national emblem, and the phrase 'BANK INDONESIA' at top.

back_description:
  Tjut Meutia (c. 1870–1910), Acehnese guerrilla leader and national heroine who fought against Dutch colonial forces during the Aceh War. After her husband Teuku Muhammad was killed in 1905, she continued armed resistance, leading troops in the Gayo region until her death in battle in 1910. She is honoured as a pahlawan nasional (national hero) for her role in the Indonesian independence struggle. The back also features the Garuda Pancasila emblem, a map of the Indonesian archipelago, and a stylized orchid.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2016 Pahlawan Nasional (National Heroes) series issued by Bank Indonesia, which replaced the 2000/2001 series. Introduced on 19 December 2016, this series is the first full polymer currency series in Indonesia. The 1000 rupiah denomination features Tjut Meutia on the obverse and Anak Krakatau volcano on the reverse, celebrating both Indonesia's independence heroes and natural heritage. The series incorporates advanced security features including see-through register elements and optically variable ink. Printed by Perum Peruri (Indonesia's state printing corporation).


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 100
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: J. Soedradjad Djiwandono; Direktur: Hendrobudiyanto
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x65
watermark: Garuda Pancasila in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint
color_palette: #d4a574,#c47b7b,#8b9b6b
reverse_subject: Pinisi sailing vessel
themes: transport,wildlife
pick_number: 127g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:28
front_description:
  Anak Gunung Krakatau (Child of Krakatau), the volcanic island that emerged in the Sunda Strait beginning in 1927 from the caldera created by the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatau. The depiction shows the active volcanic cone with characteristic smoke plume; Krakatau remains one of Indonesia's most monitored volcanoes. The front features intricate guilloche patterns and the serial number EDC160606 appears twice.

back_description:
  A traditional Pinisi sailing vessel, the iconic two-masted wooden sailing ship of the Bugis and Makassar people of South Sulawesi. These seafaring vessels, featuring distinctive seven to eight sails in a gaff-ketch configuration, have been used for inter-island trade throughout the Indonesian archipelago for centuries and represent Indonesia's rich maritime heritage. The back also displays the Garuda Pancasila emblem and text 'SERATUS RUPIAH' (One Hundred Rupiah).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1992 series of Indonesian rupiah banknotes issued by Bank Indonesia during the New Order era under President Suharto. The 1992 series was issued through the 1990s and represents a period of relative economic stability before the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The 100 rupiah denomination of this series was eventually demonetized in 2008 as part of Indonesia's currency rationalization program. This series emphasized Indonesia's natural heritage, with the 100 rupiah note featuring the volcanic landscape of Krakatau and traditional maritime culture.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: Emission 2016 series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2016–present
issue_year: 2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2016
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
signatures: Gubernur: Agus Martowardojo; Menteri Keuangan: Sri Mulyani Indrawati
printer: Perum Peruri
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 141x65
watermark: Portrait of national heroes in clear polymer window
security_features: hologram,thread,microprint,uv,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register,foil_patch
color_palette: #d4c896,#8b7355,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin
reverse_subject: Tari Tumbu Tanah dance from Nias
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-154
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:40:58
front_description:
  Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin (1894–1941), Indonesian nationalist and political leader from Batavia (Jakarta). He served as a member of the Volksraad (People's Council) during the Dutch colonial period and was a prominent advocate for Indonesian independence and social welfare; he is remembered as a national hero who fought for the rights of native Indonesians and opposed colonial discrimination.

back_description:
  Tari Tumbu Tanah, a traditional warrior dance from Nias Island in North Sumatra, performed by dancers in elaborate ceremonial attire. This dance celebrates bravery and is part of Nias cultural heritage, typically performed at important ceremonies and festivals; it represents the indigenous cultures of Indonesia's diverse archipelago.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Emission 2016 series issued by Bank Indonesia, Indonesia's first polymer banknote series. Introduced in December 2016 to replace the 2009 paper series, these notes feature enhanced security features including transparent polymer windows, holograms, and colour-shifting ink. The series depicts Indonesian national heroes on the obverse and traditional dances and cultural scenes on the reverse, celebrating the nation's independence struggle and cultural diversity. The polymer substrate provides greater durability and resistance to counterfeiting.


country: Iran
currency: IRR
denomination: 500
series_name: Post-Revolution series
series_range: 1982–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
issuer_native: بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 157x68
watermark: Emblem of Iran in clear field at right on back
security_features: thread,watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c8d4b8,#8b9d7a,#5a6b4a
reverse_subject: Imam Reza shrine
themes: religion,architecture
pick_number: 137
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Persian/Farsi in Arabic script, English
languages: fa,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:28
front_description:
  Garden entrance with ornate archway leading to tree-lined pathway, representing a traditional Persian garden motif. The design emphasizes natural beauty and the importance of gardens in Persian culture, which has been a recurring theme in Iranian banknote design following the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

back_description:
  Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam and Iran's most important pilgrimage destination. The shrine complex houses the tomb of Ali al-Ridha (765–818 CE), the eighth Imam of Twelver Shia Islam, and has been a major pilgrimage site since the 9th century. The golden dome and minarets shown are iconic features of this sacred complex, which attracts millions of pilgrims annually.

historical_notes:
  This 500 rials note is part of the post-revolution Iranian currency series issued by the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The design reflects the new republic's emphasis on Islamic heritage and religious sites, departing from pre-revolutionary imagery. Iranian rials have experienced significant inflation over the decades, with the 500 rial note now representing minimal purchasing power. The note features Persian (Farsi) script in Arabic letters and uses traditional Islamic geometric patterns in its design elements.


country: Jersey
currency: Jersey Pound
denomination: 1
series_name: Series C
series_year: 1976
series_range: 1976-1988
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1988
predecessor_currency: Jersey Pound Series B
successor_currency: Jersey Pound Series D
issuer: States of Jersey
issuer_native: États de Jersey
signatures: Treasurer of the States
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x75
watermark: Jersey cow's head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#2d3e4f,#8b7d6b
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Battle of Jersey: The Death of Major Peirson
themes: monarch,military
pick_number: P-11b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:30
updated_at: 2026-05-08 23:59:04
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926, reigned 1952–2022), depicted in the mid-1970s wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara and Queen Alexandra's Wedding Necklace. As British monarch, she is also head of state of Jersey, a British Crown Dependency. The Jersey coat of arms appears at center top, displaying three gold leopards on a red shield. The design includes stylized floral elements (Jersey lily and wheat) in the borders.

back_description:
  The Death of Major Peirson, 6 January 1781, after the painting by John Singleton Copley (1738–1815). This dramatic scene depicts the Battle of Jersey, when British forces under Major Francis Peirson defeated a French invasion attempt. Peirson was mortally wounded at the moment of victory in the Royal Square, St. Helier. The painting, completed in 1783, is one of the most famous depictions of this pivotal moment in Jersey's history and hangs in the Tate Britain.

historical_notes:
  Series C of Jersey banknotes, issued 1976–1988 by the States of Jersey. This was the third series of modern Jersey pound notes, featuring Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and historical scenes from Jersey's past on the reverse. The £1 note depicts the Battle of Jersey, a significant event in the island's history when local militia and British forces repelled the last attempt to invade British territory during the American Revolutionary War. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue and withdrawn in 1988 when replaced by Series D notes.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 2000 series
series_range: 2000–2009
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008-12-31
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: Bank Indonesia
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x65
watermark: Banda Neira warrior figure in clear field at left
security_features: thread,watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c896,#a8b89c,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Banda Neira warrior
reverse_subject: Traditional dance gathering
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,dance
pick_number: 141
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: id,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:42
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:42
front_description:
  Traditional Banda Neira warrior figure from the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, wearing ceremonial dress and headdress with sword. The Banda Islands were the historic center of nutmeg cultivation and a focal point of colonial spice trade conflict. This design honors the indigenous culture of eastern Indonesia and the region's significance in Indonesian history, particularly its resistance to colonial powers.

back_description:
  Traditional Indonesian communal gathering or prayer scene showing men, women and children of various ages assembled together, representing the multicultural and multi-generational unity of Indonesian society. The architectural elements suggest traditional Islamic and Indonesian building styles, reflecting the nation's dominant religion and diverse architectural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Rupiah note belongs to the 2000 series of Indonesian banknotes issued by Bank Indonesia. The series was introduced in 2000 and remained in circulation until being replaced by the 2009 series. These notes were withdrawn from circulation on December 31, 2008, though they retained legal tender status until fully demonetized in 2013. The 2000 series featured Indonesian cultural themes rather than national heroes, a departure from earlier series, emphasizing the nation's ethnic and cultural diversity.


country: Iran
currency: IRR
denomination: 5000000
series_name: Iran Cheque series
series_range: 1993–1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002
predecessor_currency: Iranian Rial (pre-hyperinflation)
successor_currency: Iranian Rial (redenomination)
issuer: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
issuer_native: بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 157x78
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#9b8b7e,#e8d7b5
reverse_subject: Saddam Hussein
themes: architecture,religion
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Arabic, Persian, English
languages: ar,fa,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:46
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:41:46
front_description:
  The Shrine of Hafez in Shiraz, Iran, a mausoleum commemorating the beloved 14th-century Persian poet Hafez (Khwāju Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, c. 1315–1390). The octagonal pavilion features intricate Islamic geometric patterns and a characteristic domed roof, symbolizing Iran's rich literary and cultural heritage. The shrine has been a pilgrimage site for centuries and represents Persian poetic tradition.

back_description:
  Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003, depicted in military uniform. This banknote is an Iraqi dinar, not an Iranian rial, despite the front inscription. The overprint 'IRAN CHEQUE' on an Iraqi banknote was created during or after the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) as a propaganda or commemorative piece, or possibly as an unofficial issue. The serial numbers and Arabic text identify this as originally an Iraqi 25 dinar note that has been overprinted.

historical_notes:
  This is a highly unusual piece: an Iraqi 25 dinar banknote (featuring Saddam Hussein) that has been overprinted with 'IRAN CHEQUE' and a denomination of 5,000,000. Such overprints were not official Iranian government issues but rather propaganda, satirical, or commemorative pieces created during or after the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). These overprinted notes reflect the intense animosity between the two nations during that period. The 'Iran Cheque' overprint may have been produced by Iranian opposition groups, collectors, or as novelty items. They are not legal tender and were never circulated as official currency in Iran. The underlying Iraqi dinar design dates to the Saddam Hussein era, likely from the 1980s–1990s series.


country: Jordan
currency: JOD
denomination: 1
series_name: King Hussein ibn Talal series
series_year: 1975
series_range: 1959-1992
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Palestinian pound
successor_currency: Jordanian dinar (new design)
issuer: Central Bank of Jordan
issuer_native: البنك المركزي الاردني
signatures: Minister of Finance: Hisham Al Tal; Governor: Ali Abu Rumman
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Portrait of King Hussein
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #8b9556,#d4c5a0,#4a5f3a
portrait_subject: King Hussein ibn Talal
reverse_subject: Dome of the Rock
themes: monarch,religion,architecture
pick_number: 14
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic and Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:00
updated_at: 2026-05-08 23:58:18
front_description:
  King Hussein ibn Talal (1935–1999), King of Jordan from 1952 to 1999, who ruled for 47 years through regional conflicts and worked toward peace in the Middle East. The portrait shows him in Western formal attire, reflecting his modernization efforts and his role as a bridge between Arab and Western worlds during the Cold War era and beyond.

back_description:
  The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhra) in Jerusalem, an Islamic shrine completed in 691 CE on the Temple Mount. Built by Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik, it is one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture and represents Jordan's historical custodianship of Islamic and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, a role held by the Hashemite dynasty since 1924.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the King Hussein ibn Talal series issued by the Central Bank of Jordan from 1959 through 1992, following the establishment of the Jordanian dinar in 1950 to replace the Palestinian pound. The series featured various denominations all bearing the portrait of King Hussein, who became king at age 17 and was the longest-serving executive head of state in the 20th century. The 1 dinar note was a workhorse denomination in circulation for over three decades until the series was replaced by later issues in the 1990s.


country: Kuwait
currency: KWD
denomination: 1
series_name: Third Issue
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1980-1991
issue_year: 1980
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Kuwaiti Dinar (Second Issue)
successor_currency: Kuwaiti Dinar (Fourth Issue)
issuer: Central Bank of Kuwait
issuer_native: بنك الكويت المركزي
signatures: Governor: Abdullatif Yousef Al-Hamad
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x66
watermark: Falcon's head
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4d6b,#d4a5a5,#c9b18f
reverse_subject: Seif Palace gate
themes: architecture,maritime,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-13
krause_id: KM#13
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic,Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:28
updated_at: 2026-05-09 14:01:28
front_description:
  Traditional Kuwaiti urban scene featuring historic mud-brick architecture and date palms, representing Old Kuwait before the oil era. The scene depicts the traditional quarter with palm trees in the foreground and characteristic fortress-like buildings of Kuwait's pre-modern commercial districts. The note includes decorative Islamic geometric patterns and the denomination 'One Dinar' in English with multicolored rosette security features.

back_description:
  The national emblem of Kuwait showing a dhow sailing vessel on waves, flanked by two flags, representing Kuwait's maritime heritage and pearl-diving history. At left, the gate of Seif Palace (the historic seat of Kuwait's government, built in 1896 and named for the curved sword 'Seif'). Modern high-rise buildings are shown in the background, symbolizing Kuwait's development. The denomination appears in Arabic as 'دينار واحد' (one dinar).

historical_notes:
  Third Issue of Kuwaiti dinars, introduced in 1980 and circulated until 1991. This series was withdrawn following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (1990-1991), when occupying forces looted the Central Bank. After liberation, Kuwait demonetized the Third Issue to prevent stolen notes from circulating and introduced the Fourth Issue in 1991. The Third Issue notes are notable for their depiction of traditional Kuwaiti life contrasted with modern development, reflecting the nation's rapid transformation following oil wealth.


country: Kazakhstan
currency: KZT
denomination: 1
series_name: First tyin series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1995
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995-11-15
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Tenge
issuer: National Bank of Kazakhstan
issuer_native: Қазақстан Ұлттық Банкі
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x52
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4d463,#8b7355,#6b8e23
reverse_subject: State Emblem of Kazakhstan
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: 1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: kk,ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:28
front_description:
  Ornamental design featuring traditional Kazakh decorative motifs with a stylized monument or architectural element at center within a circular rosette pattern. The denomination '1 ТИЫН' (1 tyin) is prominently displayed with the year 1993, reflecting the newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan's first national currency issue following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

back_description:
  State Emblem of Kazakhstan, adopted in 1992, featuring a shanyrak (the circular crown of a yurt) at center symbolizing the common home and unity of all peoples in Kazakhstan, flanked by mythical winged horses (tulpars) and a five-pointed star above. The emblem represents the new nation's identity and sovereignty, with the denomination '1 ТИЫН' repeated on this side.

historical_notes:
  The tyin was the first currency of independent Kazakhstan, introduced on November 15, 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble at par. This 1 tyin note is from the inaugural issue of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state. The tyin circulated only briefly, as hyperinflation necessitated its replacement by the tenge on November 15, 1995 at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 tyin. These low-denomination notes saw heavy use during the transitional economic period and are now demonetized. The design incorporates traditional Kazakh ornamental patterns reflecting the nation's cultural heritage.


country: Kenya
currency: KES
denomination: 20
series_name: 1996 series
series_year: 1996
series_range: 1996–2005
issue_year: 1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2005
issuer: Central Bank of Kenya
signatures: Governor: (signature illegible); Member: (signature illegible)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x73
watermark: Lion's head in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#4a5f8c,#d4a76a
portrait_subject: Daniel Toroitich arap Moi
reverse_subject: Moi International Sports Centre (Kasarani Stadium)
themes: statesman,sport,architecture
pick_number: P-32a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en,sw
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:29
front_description:
  Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (1924–2020), second President of the Republic of Kenya (1978–2002). Moi succeeded Jomo Kenyatta and served for 24 years, making him one of Africa's longest-serving leaders. The note bears the coat of arms of Kenya with two lions, crossed spears, and a shield with the national motto 'Harambee' (pulling together). Cotton plant motif appears at lower right.

back_description:
  Moi International Sports Centre, commonly known as Kasarani Stadium, located in Nairobi. The facility was built in 1987 to host the 1987 All-Africa Games and is Kenya's largest stadium with a capacity of 60,000. The reverse shows the stadium's distinctive oval architecture with an athlete running and traditional musical instruments (nyatiti lyre) at left, symbolizing Kenya's sporting achievement and cultural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This 20 shilling note belongs to the 1996 series issued by the Central Bank of Kenya during the presidency of Daniel arap Moi, whose portrait appears on all denominations of this series. The series was introduced on 1 January 1996 and remained in circulation until being replaced by a new series in 2005. The banknotes of this era featured portraits of President Moi on the obverse and various national development projects and cultural themes on the reverse, emphasizing Kenya's post-independence progress and national identity.


country: Kyrgyzstan
currency: Tyiyn
denomination: 1
series_name: First national currency series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1993
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
predecessor_currency: Soviet Ruble
successor_currency: Kyrgyzstani Som
issuer: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic
issuer_native: Кыргыз Республикасынын
printer: Giesecke & Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x60
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #d4809f,#f5e6d3,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Golden eagle
reverse_subject: Traditional Kyrgyz ornamental design
themes: independence,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ky,ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:42:30
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:00:32
front_description:
  Golden eagle (berkut) at center within circular frame, the national symbol of Kyrgyzstan representing freedom, independence and strength. The eagle has been a central motif of Kyrgyz identity and appeared on the first currency issued after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Text 'КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ' (Kyrgyz Republic) and 'БИР ТЫЙЫН' (One Tyiyn) encircle the eagle. The denomination '1' appears in corners.

back_description:
  Traditional Kyrgyz ornamental rosette at center featuring stylized sun rays and floral motifs, representing the cultural heritage and decorative arts of the Kyrgyz people. The design incorporates elements from traditional felt carpets (shyrdak) and yurts. Text 'КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ' (Kyrgyz Republic) and 'БИР ТЫЙЫН' (One Tyiyn) encircle the ornament.

historical_notes:
  First national currency series of independent Kyrgyzstan, issued in 1993 as the tyiyn (plural: tyiyn), subdividing the som at 100 tyiyn = 1 som. This transitional series was introduced following independence from the USSR in 1991 to replace the Soviet ruble. The tyiyn denominations (1, 10, 50 tyiyn) were quickly demonetized due to hyperinflation in the early post-Soviet period, making them effectively obsolete within months of issue. The som became the sole circulating currency, with tyiyn notes becoming numismatic curiosities. The eagle design reflected the new nation's desire to establish distinct national symbols.


country: Kyrgyzstan
currency: KGS
denomination: 10
series_name: First som series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
issuer: Kyrgyz Republic
issuer_native: КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 122x62
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #8db387,#d4c5a0,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Stylized ornamental rosette with traditional Kyrgyz motifs
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: 2
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ky
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:03
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:03
front_description:
  An eagle (berkut or golden eagle) in flight within a circular medallion, surrounded by text 'КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ' (Kyrgyz Republic) and 'ОН ТЫЙЫН' (ten tyiyn). The eagle is a prominent symbol in Kyrgyz culture, representing freedom, strength and the nomadic heritage of the Kyrgyz people. The tyiyn was a subdivision of the som introduced in 1993 when Kyrgyzstan established its independent currency following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

back_description:
  A stylized ornamental rosette featuring traditional Kyrgyz decorative patterns arranged in a circular medallion, with text 'КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ' (Kyrgyz Republic) and 'ОН ТЫЙЫН' (ten tyiyn). The geometric and floral motifs reflect the rich textile and decorative arts traditions of the Kyrgyz nomadic culture, particularly patterns found in yurts, carpets and traditional crafts.

historical_notes:
  First som series, issued 1993 following Kyrgyzstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The som replaced the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 som = 200 rubles. This 10 tyiyn note (1 som = 100 tyiyn) was part of the initial currency issue that established Kyrgyzstan's monetary sovereignty. The series featured traditional Kyrgyz cultural symbols, including the eagle and ornamental patterns. These low-denomination tyiyn notes were withdrawn from circulation by 1997 as inflation rendered them impractical, and subsequent series focused on higher-value som notes.


country: Latvia
currency: LVR
denomination: 2
series_name: First Rublis series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993-10-18
predecessor_currency: Soviet Ruble
successor_currency: Latvian Lats
issuer: Bank of Latvia
issuer_native: Latvijas Banka
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x54
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-36
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: lv
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:33
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:33
front_description:
  Stylized ornamental design featuring traditional Latvian folk art patterns arranged in a geometric cross motif. The denomination '2 LATVIJAS RUBĻI' (2 Latvian Rubles) is displayed at center within decorative basketweave and geometric patterns characteristic of Latvian textile and wooden architecture traditions. Text on left reads 'LATVIJAS BANKAS PAGAIDU NAUDAS ZĪME 1992' (Temporary Currency Note of the Bank of Latvia 1992). This transitional currency represented Latvia's first step toward monetary independence after regaining sovereignty from the Soviet Union in 1991.

back_description:
  Similar ornamental cross design with geometric folk patterns in brown and tan tones, featuring the denomination '2 LATVIJAS RUBĻI' at center. The design continues the theme of traditional Latvian decorative arts, particularly reflecting the wooden architecture and textile patterns that are integral to Latvian cultural heritage. The symmetric layout mirrors the front with denomination numerals in the corners.

historical_notes:
  The Latvian Rublis (plural: Rubļi) was introduced in May 1992 as a temporary transitional currency following Latvia's restoration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. This series served as 'pagaidu naudas zīme' (temporary currency notes) to replace the Soviet Ruble and establish monetary sovereignty. The notes circulated for only 16 months before being replaced by the reintroduced Latvian Lats on October 18, 1993, at a rate of 1 Lats = 200 Rubļi. The 2 Rublis denomination was one of the lower values in the series. The design deliberately avoided Soviet-era imagery, instead drawing on traditional Latvian folk art motifs to assert national identity.


country: Laos
currency: Kip
denomination: 1
series_name: First Kip series
series_range: 1952–1963
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1963
predecessor_currency: French Indochinese piastre
successor_currency: Kip (second issue)
issuer: Banque Nationale du Laos
issuer_native: ທະນາຄານແຫ່ງລາວ
signatures: UN CENSEUR: Novia; LE GOUVERNEUR: [illegible signature]
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,guilloche
color_palette: #8b6d7d,#a8c7d4,#3d2828
portrait_subject: Three-headed elephant (Erawan)
reverse_subject: Three-headed elephant (Erawan) under parasol
themes: mythology,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Lao script and Latin alphabet
languages: lo,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:35
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:35
front_description:
  Erawan, the three-headed white elephant from Hindu-Buddhist mythology, which serves as the royal symbol of Laos and appears on the national coat of arms. The elephant is depicted with elaborate decorative elements including a multi-tiered parasol (royal umbrella) above, symbolizing sovereignty and protection. Erawan represents power, wisdom, and the divine right of kingship in Lao culture, and was the central emblem of the Kingdom of Laos during the period this note was issued.

back_description:
  Erawan (three-headed elephant) centered within an oval medallion, surmounted by a tiered parasol and flanked by ornate decorative scrollwork. The elephant symbol reinforces the royal authority and Buddhist-Hindu cultural heritage of Laos. The inscription 'LE CONTREFACTEUR SERA PUNI CONFORMÉMENT À LA LOI' (The counterfeiter will be punished in accordance with the law) appears at the bottom.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first Kip series issued by the Banque Nationale du Laos following independence from France. The Royal Kip was introduced in 1952 to replace the French Indochinese piastre, establishing monetary sovereignty for the newly independent Kingdom of Laos. This 1 Kip denomination features bilingual text in Lao and French, reflecting the transitional period from French colonial rule. The series was demonetized in 1963 when the second Kip series was introduced amid economic and political instability during the early years of the Laotian Civil War.


country: Laos
currency: LAK
denomination: 500
series_name: 2011-2015 series
series_year: 2015
series_range: 2011–present
issue_year: 2015
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bank of the Lao P.D.R.
issuer_native: ທະນາຄານແຫ່ງ ສປປ ລາວ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: National emblem of Laos in clear field at center
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #8b7355,#4682b4,#f0e68c
reverse_subject: Agricultural scene depicting rice harvest
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: 37
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Lao
languages: lo
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:36
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:36
front_description:
  The national emblem of the Lao People's Democratic Republic at center, featuring the That Luang stupa encircled by rice sheaves, representing the nation's agricultural heritage and Buddhist identity. The front depicts an industrial scene with workers, power lines, and construction equipment, symbolizing Laos's modernization and infrastructure development. The That Luang is the most important national monument in Laos, a gold-covered Buddhist stupa in Vientiane dating to the 16th century.

back_description:
  Agricultural scene depicting rice harvest with workers carrying baskets through rice paddies. The scene shows multiple figures engaged in traditional rice harvesting activities, representing Laos's predominantly agricultural economy and the importance of rice cultivation to the nation's food security and cultural identity. Rice farming remains the primary livelihood for the majority of the Lao population.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2011-2015 series of Lao kip banknotes issued by the Bank of the Lao P.D.R. following the modernization of the country's currency. The Lao kip has been the national currency since 1955 (reintroduced in 1979 after the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 1975). The 500 kip denomination is a mid-range note in circulation. This series emphasizes themes of national development, combining traditional cultural symbols with images of industrial and agricultural progress.


country: Laos
currency: LAK
denomination: 1000
series_name: Kip series 2003
series_year: 2003
series_range: 2003–present
issue_year: 2003
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bank of the Lao P.D.R.
issuer_native: ທະນາຄານແຫ່ງ ສປປ ລາວ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: National emblem in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #5a7d5e,#c8b89f,#2d3d4d
portrait_subject: Three women representing ethnic groups of Laos
reverse_subject: Water buffalo plowing rice fields
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture
pick_number: P-32A
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Lao script
languages: lo
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:36
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:43:36
front_description:
  Three women in traditional dress representing the major ethnic groups of Laos (Lao Loum, Lao Theung, and Lao Soung). The image celebrates the ethnic diversity of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the unity of its peoples. At right, Pha That Luang, the national monument and most important religious building in Laos, a gold-covered Buddhist stupa in Vientiane originally built in the 16th century and restored in the 1930s; it is a symbol of Lao sovereignty and Buddhist faith. The national emblem of Laos appears at upper right, featuring Pha That Luang encircled by rice stalks.

back_description:
  Water buffalo plowing rice fields, depicting traditional agriculture that remains the foundation of Laos's rural economy. Water buffalo have been essential to Lao farming for centuries, used for plowing wet rice paddies and transport. The scene represents the agrarian character of Laotian society and the importance of rice cultivation to the nation's culture and economy.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 2003 kip series issued by the Bank of the Lao P.D.R. This series continued the use of traditional Lao themes emphasizing ethnic diversity, Buddhist heritage, and agricultural economy. The kip has been the currency of Laos since 1955, though it experienced significant devaluation during the socialist period after 1975. The 2003 series introduced improved security features while maintaining the cultural themes of earlier issues. The 1000 kip note is a commonly circulating denomination in modern Laos.


country: Lebanon
currency: Lebanese Pound (Livre)
denomination: 5
series_name: First series (Independence)
series_range: 1964–1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Syrian Pound
issuer: Banque du Liban
issuer_native: مصرف لبنان
printer: Thomas de la Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 158x76
watermark: Cedar tree in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #5a7a5a,#b8c8b8,#2d4a2d
reverse_subject: Roman stone bridge at Nahr el-Kalb (Dog River)
themes: architecture,transport
pick_number: 62
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic, Latin
languages: ar,fr,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:44:07
updated_at: 2026-05-09 13:55:19
front_description:
  The Crusader-era fortifications at Byblos (Jbeil), one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The archaeological complex includes Phoenician temples, Roman colonnades, and the prominent Crusader castle built in the 12th century. This ancient port city was a major center of Phoenician civilization and the source of the Greek word for book (biblos). Palm trees frame the architectural ensemble, emphasizing Lebanon's Mediterranean heritage.

back_description:
  Roman stone bridge spanning the Nahr el-Kalb (Dog River) near Beirut. This historic river crossing has been a strategic military and commercial route for millennia, with commemorative steles carved by ancient conquerors from Ramesses II to modern armies. The stone bridge depicted shows the classical Roman arch construction that has endured for centuries, set against the dramatic gorge where the river meets the Mediterranean coast.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series issued by Banque du Liban following Lebanese independence, printed by Thomas de la Rue from 1964 to 1986. The series emphasized Lebanon's ancient heritage and archaeological treasures, positioning the new nation as heir to Phoenician, Roman, and medieval civilizations. The 5 Livres denomination was a basic circulating note during Lebanon's economic boom period before the civil war (1975–1990). These notes were gradually replaced in the late 1980s as hyperinflation necessitated higher denominations and new security features.


country: Lebanon
currency: LBP
denomination: 1000
series_name: Post-Civil War series
series_year: 1990
series_range: 1990–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Lebanese Livre (old series, pre-1990)
issuer: Banque du Liban
issuer_native: مصرف لبنان
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x77
watermark: Cedar of Lebanon in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #6b8e7d,#d4c8a8,#4a5f52
portrait_subject: Cedar of Lebanon
reverse_subject: Ruins of Baalbek
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-84
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: fr,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:44:36
updated_at: 2026-05-09 13:49:36
front_description:
  The Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani), Lebanon's national emblem featured in the center of the country's flag and coat of arms, symbolizing holiness, eternity and peace. The cedar has been a symbol of Lebanon since ancient times, mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bible, and historically prized for construction of temples and ships across the Mediterranean world.

back_description:
  Ruins of Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis), one of the finest examples of Imperial Roman architecture and among the best preserved Roman ruins in Lebanon. The site features the temples of Jupiter, Bacchus, and Venus, built during the 1st-3rd centuries CE on earlier Phoenician foundations. Baalbek is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and represents Lebanon's rich Greco-Roman heritage.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Livres note belongs to the modern series of Lebanese banknotes issued by Banque du Liban after the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). The series emphasizes Lebanon's cultural heritage through architectural motifs and national symbols. The denomination was issued during a period of currency instability and inflation in Lebanon's post-war economy. The note features both French ('MILLE LIVRES') and Arabic text, reflecting Lebanon's bilingual administrative tradition.


country: Libya
currency: LYD
denomination: 1
series_name: Fourth issue
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2004-2013
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2011
predecessor_currency: LYD
successor_currency: LYD
issuer: Central Bank of Libya
issuer_native: مصرف ليبيا المركزي
signatures: Governor: Farhat Omar Bengdara
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x65
watermark: Portrait of Muammar Gaddafi in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #c8a2c8,#d8bfd8,#696969
portrait_subject: Muammar Gaddafi
reverse_subject: Libyan flag with doves
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-68
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic, Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:44:37
updated_at: 2026-05-09 13:50:19
front_description:
  Muammar Gaddafi (1942–2011), Libyan revolutionary and political leader who ruled Libya from 1969 to 2011. He led the coup that overthrew King Idris I and styled himself as 'Brother Leader' of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The note depicts Gaddafi in traditional Libyan dress with the Pyramids of Giza visible in the background, symbolizing pan-Arab unity and African connections. This series was issued during his rule and withdrawn following his overthrow in the 2011 Libyan Civil War.

back_description:
  The flag of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011), Libya's all-green banner under Gaddafi's rule, shown with white doves in flight. The green flag was unique among national flags in being a single solid color without emblem, representing Gaddafi's Green Book ideology and Islamic symbolism. The doves represent peace and freedom aspirations. A palm tree appears at left.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth issue of Libyan dinars was introduced under Muammar Gaddafi's rule and circulated from 2004 to 2013. This series prominently featured Gaddafi's portrait, which was unprecedented in earlier Libyan currency issues. The notes were withdrawn from circulation following the 2011 revolution that ended Gaddafi's 42-year rule, though they remained legal tender for a transition period. The Central Bank of Libya subsequently issued new designs without Gaddafi's image. These notes represent the final years of the Jamahiriya period and are historically significant as artifacts of Gaddafi's personality cult.


country: Liberia
currency: LRD
denomination: 5
series_name: Liberty Series
series_year: 2003
series_range: 2003–present
issue_year: 2003
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Liberia
signatures: Minister of Finance: (illegible); Executive Governor: (illegible)
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Portrait in clear field at upper center
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4567,#d4a574,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Edward James Roye
reverse_subject: Liberian woman harvesting rice
themes: statesman,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 26
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:44:37
updated_at: 2026-05-09 10:26:55
front_description:
  Edward James Roye (1815–1872), fifth President of Liberia (1870–1871), the first president to be born in the United States before emigrating to Liberia. Born in Newark, Ohio to free African American parents, Roye was educated and became a successful merchant before emigrating in 1846. He served as Chief Justice and Speaker of the House before his presidency. His administration was marked by controversy over a British loan and he was deposed in a coup; he died shortly after, either by drowning or assassination. Roye was the first dark-skinned president of Liberia in a period when lighter-skinned Americo-Liberians dominated politics. The coat of arms of Liberia featuring a sailing ship and palm tree appears at left.

back_description:
  A Liberian woman harvesting rice, depicting the country's agricultural economy and labor. Rice cultivation has been central to Liberian agriculture since the founding of the nation by freed American slaves in 1847. The scene represents the importance of subsistence farming and women's role in agricultural production. The Central Bank of Liberia seal appears at left, showing the bank's establishment date of 1999 (re-established after the civil war period).

historical_notes:
  This 5 Liberian dollar note was issued in 2003 by the Central Bank of Liberia during the latter stages of the Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003). The note features Edward James Roye, a historically significant but controversial president whose selection for currency honors reflects evolving perspectives on Liberian history. The 2003 series was issued during a period of severe economic instability and hyperinflation. Liberia's currency system has been complex, with both Liberian dollars and US dollars circulating. These notes were printed during the transitional period leading to the end of Charles Taylor's presidency and the installation of the transitional government.


country: Lebanon
currency: LBP
denomination: 5000
series_name: 1990s Series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1990–2000
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Lebanese Pound (pre-1990 high inflation series)
successor_currency: Lebanese Pound (2000s security-enhanced series)
issuer: Banque du Liban
issuer_native: مصرف لبنان
signatures: Governor: Riad Salamé; Second Vice-Governor: Nasser Saidi
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x77
watermark: Cedar of Lebanon in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7d6b,#c9a89e
reverse_subject: Geometric pattern with Cedar of Lebanon
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-70
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic,Latin
languages: ar,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:44:38
updated_at: 2026-05-09 13:46:31
front_description:
  The front features large Arabic numerals for the denomination 5000 (٥٠٠٠) and text reading 'Masrif Lubnan' (مصرف لبنان, Bank of Lebanon) in ornate calligraphy. The Cedar of Lebanon, the national symbol appearing on the country's flag, is prominently featured at lower left. The design incorporates geometric patterns and microprinting typical of Lebanese banknotes of this era, with arabesque decorative elements throughout. This series represents Lebanon's post-civil-war currency stabilization period.

back_description:
  The reverse displays 'BANQUE DU LIBAN' in French at the top and 'CINQ MILLE LIVRES' (Five Thousand Livres) at the bottom, with denomination 5000 at corners. The center features a geometric interlaced square pattern in Islamic architectural style, overlaid with colored squares in blue and orange hues. The Cedar of Lebanon appears again at left. The serial number is printed at lower right (A013453581). This bilingual design reflects Lebanon's French colonial legacy and Arabic cultural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This 5000 Livres note belongs to the 1990s series issued by Banque du Liban during Lebanon's reconstruction period following the 1975–1990 civil war. The Lebanese Pound (Livre) had experienced severe inflation during the conflict, and this high-denomination note reflects the post-war economic conditions. The series maintained traditional Lebanese motifs including the Cedar of Lebanon, the nation's most enduring symbol, which has appeared on Lebanese currency since the French Mandate period. These notes were gradually replaced by updated designs in the early 2000s with enhanced security features.


country: Lithuania
currency: Talonas
denomination: 500
series_name: Talonas series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1991–1993
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993-06-25
predecessor_currency: Soviet Ruble
successor_currency: Lithuanian Litas
issuer: Bank of Lithuania
issuer_native: Lietuvos Bankas
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4c5b0,#8b7355,#a0c8d0
reverse_subject: Gray Wolves
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-45
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: lt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:45:10
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:45:10
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Lithuania (Vytis) at left showing a mounted knight on horseback. This national symbol, dating from the 14th century Grand Duchy of Lithuania, represents the defender of the nation and appears on Lithuania's state emblem. The denomination 500 is prominently displayed at center with decorative oak branches, symbolizing strength and endurance. The text 'LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKA' (Republic of Lithuania) and '1993' indicate the issuing authority and year. The phrase 'PENKI ŠIMTAI TALONŲ' (Five Hundred Talonas) appears in Lithuanian.

back_description:
  Gray wolves (Canis lupus), a pair depicted standing and resting. The wolf holds special significance in Lithuanian culture and mythology, appearing in folklore as a symbol of strength, freedom, and the Lithuanian spirit. The inscription in Lithuanian reads 'VERTYBINIS POPIERIUS. UŽ JO PADIRBINĖJIMĄ BAUDŽIAMA PAGAL ĮSTATYMĄ' (Security paper. Its counterfeiting is punishable by law). Wolves were and remain part of Lithuania's natural heritage, with the country maintaining one of Europe's larger wolf populations.

historical_notes:
  The Talonas was Lithuania's transitional currency issued from 1991 to 1993 following independence from the Soviet Union. These temporary coupons were introduced on May 1, 1992, as a parallel currency alongside the Soviet ruble, becoming the sole legal tender on October 1, 1992. The 500 talonas note was issued in 1993, near the end of the series. The Talonas was replaced by the Litas on June 25, 1993, at a rate of 100 talonas = 1 litas, ending Lithuania's brief period with this transitional currency during the economic instability following Soviet collapse.


country: Lithuania
currency: LTL
denomination: 1
series_name: First talonas series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993-06-25
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Lithuanian litas
issuer: Bank of Lithuania
issuer_native: Lietuvos Respublika
printer: Banknote Printing Works, Vilnius
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x70
security_features: microprint,guilloche_pattern
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Northern lapwings
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-39
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: lt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:45:34
updated_at: 2026-05-09 08:42:07
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Lithuania featuring the Vytis (White Knight) – a mounted armored knight bearing a sword and shield, which has been the state emblem since the 14th century and symbolizes Lithuanian sovereignty and independence. The denomination numeral 1 is surrounded by oak branches and flowers, representing strength and national heritage. The year 1992 marks the first issue of independent Lithuanian talonas currency following the restoration of independence from the Soviet Union.

back_description:
  Two northern lapwings (Vanellus vanellus), wading birds with distinctive crests that are found throughout Lithuania's wetlands and meadows. The lapwing is an important symbol in Lithuanian folklore and nature, representing the country's rich biodiversity and agricultural landscape. These birds are known for their acrobatic flight displays and are considered characteristic of the Baltic region's fauna.

historical_notes:
  This 1 talonas note belongs to Lithuania's transitional currency series issued in 1992 after regaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The talonas (plural: talonai) served as a temporary currency from May 1992 to June 1993, replacing the Soviet ruble at par and circulating alongside it initially. These coupons were necessary due to the shortage of rubles and served as an interim solution while Lithuania prepared to introduce its permanent currency, the litas, in 1993. The talonas was demonetized on June 25, 1993, when the litas was introduced at a rate of 100 talonai = 1 litas. The design reflects newly independent Lithuania's emphasis on national symbols and natural heritage.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 10
series_name: 2007 issue
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007-2015
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2015
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Republika y'Uburundi
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: National coat of arms of Burundi in clear field at center
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #6b8e7e,#f5f5dc,#2d5c4a
reverse_subject: Traditional Burundian basket weaving pattern
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture
pick_number: 33e
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:17
updated_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:17
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Burundi centered on a map outline of the country. The national emblem features a shield with the head of a lion, three spears, and the national motto 'Unité-Travail-Progrès' (Unity-Work-Progress) in French. The coat of arms was adopted in 1966 and represents the Republic's sovereignty and commitment to national unity and development. The map outline emphasizes Burundi's territorial identity as one of Africa's smallest landlocked nations in the Great Lakes region.

back_description:
  Traditional Burundian basket weaving pattern representing indigenous craftsmanship and cultural heritage. The geometric circular design reflects the intricate coiled basketry techniques practiced by Burundian artisans, particularly among Tutsi and Hutu communities. These baskets (called 'agaseke') are symbolic of peace, protection, and hospitality in Burundian culture, and the weaving tradition has been recognized by UNESCO. The design emphasizes the national values of unity, work, and progress through cultural preservation.

historical_notes:
  This note is from the 2007 issue of Burundian franc banknotes, part of a series that circulated from 2007 until being replaced by new designs in 2015. The banknotes of this series featured the national coat of arms and emphasized Burundian cultural themes. The Burundian franc has been the country's currency since 1964, following independence from Belgian colonial rule in 1962. This 10 franc denomination represents a low-value note in a country that experienced significant inflation over the decades, though it remained legal tender throughout the 2000s.


country: Ecuador
currency: Sucre
denomination: 10
series_range: 1977–1981
issue_year: 1977
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
successor_currency: United States Dollar
issuer: Banco Central del Ecuador
printer: American Bank Note Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: None
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4b896,#2d5f8d,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Sebastián de Belalcázar
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Ecuador
themes: military,statesman
pick_number: 121
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:36
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:32
signatures:
  Gerente General: [signature illegible]; Superintendente de Bancos: [signature illegible]; Vocal: [signature illegible]

front_description:
  Sebastián de Belalcázar (c. 1480–1551), Spanish conquistador who founded Quito in 1534 and served as its first governor. He played a major role in the Spanish conquest of Ecuador and was instrumental in establishing Spanish rule in the northern Andes. His portrait appears in an oval frame at center, wearing period armor and a plumed helmet, symbolizing his historical significance to Ecuador's colonial foundation.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Ecuador at center, featuring the national shield with Mount Chimborazo, a steamship on the Guayas River, a sun in the upper portion, and four flags representing the four original provinces. The condor perched atop the shield holds a band with the inscription 'ECUADOR'. This design represents Ecuador's geography, independence, and national identity.

historical_notes:
  This note was issued on April 29, 1977 (Serie LD) during Ecuador's use of the Sucre, the national currency from 1884 to 2000. The Sucre was named after Antonio José de Sucre, the independence hero and first president. Ecuador experienced multiple currency reforms and significant inflation during the late 20th century, ultimately replacing the Sucre with the U.S. Dollar in 2000 during a severe economic crisis. The American Bank Note Company printed many Ecuadorian notes during this period.


country: Ecuador
currency: Sucre
denomination: 50
series_name: Serie UA
issue_year: 1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
successor_currency: United States Dollar
issuer: Banco Central del Ecuador
signatures: Gerente General; Superintendente de Bancos
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #2d4a2b,#e8d5b7,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Coat of Arms of Ecuador
themes: architecture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Monument to the Heroes of October 9, 1820
pick_number: 122
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:38
updated_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:38
front_description:
  Monument to the Heroes of October 9, 1820, located in Quito's Independence Plaza. This monument commemorates the first cry of independence from Spanish colonial rule on October 9, 1820, a pivotal event in Ecuador's path to liberation. The monument features a tall column topped by a winged figure representing liberty, surrounded by a circular plaza with fountain and gardens, with the Palacio de Carondelet (Presidential Palace) visible in the background. The inscription reads 'MONUMENTO A LOS PROCERES DEL 9 DE OCTUBRE DE 1820'.

back_description:
  The National Coat of Arms of Ecuador, featuring Mount Chimborazo with the Guayas River originating at its base, a steamboat representing early commerce, and the sun surrounded by the zodiacal signs for March, April, May, and June (representing the months of the March Revolution of 1845). The coat of arms is flanked by four national flags and topped by a condor with wings spread, symbolizing power and liberty. The word 'ECUADOR' appears below the condor.

historical_notes:
  This note was issued by the Banco Central del Ecuador during the late period of the Sucre currency, which served as Ecuador's national currency from 1884 to 2000. The date November 22, 1988, marks this specific issue within the Serie UA. The Sucre underwent significant devaluation during the 1980s and 1990s, ultimately leading to Ecuador's dollarization in 2000, when the US dollar replaced the Sucre at a rate of 25,000 Sucres to 1 USD. This 50 Sucres denomination reflects the lower-value circulating notes of this troubled period.


country: Ecuador
currency: Sucre
denomination: 5
series_name: Serie 1D
issue_year: 1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
successor_currency: United States Dollar
issuer: Banco Central del Ecuador
issuer_native: Banco Central del Ecuador
signatures: Gerente General: signature illegible; Superintendente de Bancos: signature illegible
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited, London
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Antonio José de Sucre on the right
security_features: intaglio,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#c79090,#2d2d2d
portrait_subject: Antonio José de Sucre
reverse_subject: National coat of arms of Ecuador
themes: statesman,military,independence
pick_number: 121a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:39
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:20
front_description:
  Antonio José de Sucre (1795–1830), Venezuelan-born independence leader and Grand Marshal of Ayacucho, who served as the second President of Bolivia and played a key role in liberating Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule. Sucre was a trusted lieutenant of Simón Bolívar and is considered one of South America's greatest military strategists; Ecuador named its currency after him from 1884 to 2000. The note is dated November 22, 1988 (Noviembre 22 de 1988) and bears the designation 'Serie 1D' with serial number 04546422.

back_description:
  The national coat of arms of Ecuador, featuring Mount Chimborazo, the Guayas River with a steamship, a sun representing the months of the March Revolution, a condor with spread wings, four national flags, and fasces representing republican dignity. The coat of arms has been Ecuador's official emblem since 1900 and symbolizes the nation's geography, independence struggle, and republican values.

historical_notes:
  This 5 sucres note is part of the Serie 1D issue from the Banco Central del Ecuador, printed by Thomas De La Rue in London. The sucre was Ecuador's official currency from 1884 until 2000, named in honor of independence hero Antonio José de Sucre. Ecuador adopted the US dollar in 2000 following a severe economic crisis and hyperinflation that devalued the sucre dramatically. Notes from this late 1980s series represent the final decades of the sucre before demonetization, a period marked by increasing inflation that would eventually necessitate currency reform.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 50
issue_year: 2001
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x70
watermark: Tutankhamun's funeral mask in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a8c5a0
reverse_subject: Statue of Ramesses II
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 62
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic script on front; Latin and Arabic on back
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:39
updated_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:39
front_description:
  The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, one of the largest and most monumental mosques in the Islamic world. Built between 1356 and 1363 during the Mamluk period under Sultan an-Nasir Hasan, it is celebrated for its massive scale, soaring minarets, and masterful architecture representing the pinnacle of Mamluk construction. The complex served both as a congregational mosque and as a madrasa teaching all four Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence.

back_description:
  Statue of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel, flanked by papyrus plants and a royal cartouche. Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE), known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty and one of ancient Egypt's most powerful and celebrated rulers. The colossal seated statues at Abu Simbel, carved from the cliff face in Nubia, commemorate his reign and military victories, and were relocated in the 1960s during the construction of the Aswan High Dam.

historical_notes:
  This 50 Egyptian pound note was issued by the Central Bank of Egypt in 2001, bearing the Gregorian date 2001/6/11 (June 11, 2001) on the front. The design juxtaposes Islamic and Pharaonic heritage: the front features the Mamluk-era Sultan Hassan Mosque, while the reverse honors ancient Egypt with Ramesses II. This note represents the later paper issues before Egypt transitioned to polymer notes for some denominations in the 2010s. Pick #62 is well-documented and remains common in the collector market.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 1
series_name: Early 2000s series
series_year: 2002
series_range: 2001–2007
issue_year: 2002
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
signatures: Governor: Mahmoud Abul Eyoun
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x65
watermark: Tutankhamun mask in clear field at center
security_features: watermark,thread,microprint
color_palette: #c19a6b,#8b7355,#d2b48c
reverse_subject: Abu Simbel Great Temple colossi of Ramesses II
themes: architecture,monument,religion
pick_number: 50
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic, Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 22:59:56
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:42
front_description:
  The Sultan Hassan Mosque and Madrasa in Cairo, a monumental Mamluk-era mosque completed in 1363 CE. One of the largest mosques in the world at the time of construction, it features massive stone walls, soaring minarets, and served as both a mosque and an Islamic school. The complex is considered one of the finest examples of Mamluk architecture and a masterpiece of medieval Islamic art.

back_description:
  The Great Temple of Abu Simbel, specifically the four colossal seated statues of Pharaoh Ramesses II that flank the entrance. Carved directly into the mountainside circa 1264 BCE in Nubian sandstone, the temple was relocated in its entirety between 1964–1968 to save it from flooding caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam. This UNESCO World Heritage site is one of Egypt's most iconic ancient monuments.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the Egyptian pound series issued in the early 2000s by the Central Bank of Egypt. The 1 pound denomination features iconic Islamic and ancient Egyptian monuments, reflecting Egypt's dual heritage. The Sultan Hassan Mosque represents the Islamic medieval period of Egyptian civilization, while the Abu Simbel temple represents the glory of Pharaonic Egypt under Ramesses II. Notes from this period were gradually replaced by newer series with enhanced security features.


country: France
currency: FRF
denomination: 5
series_name: Berger series
series_range: 1943–1947
issue_year: 1943
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1963
successor_currency: Nouveau franc
issuer: Banque de France
signatures: Le Caissier Général: Moufnay; Le Secrétaire Général: Bauer
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 95x60
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b9dc3,#d4af7a,#a8c5a0
portrait_subject: Shepherd (berger) representing rural France
reverse_subject: Shepherdess (bergère) with flowers and fruits
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 98a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 23:00:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 23:00:19
front_description:
  A young shepherd (berger) representing the French countryside during WWII, depicted in traditional dress with a mountainous landscape in the background. This note was issued during the German occupation and Vichy period, part of a series designed to evoke rural French values and pastoral themes during wartime. The shepherd motif symbolized agricultural self-sufficiency and traditional French identity during a period of national crisis.

back_description:
  A shepherdess (bergère) in traditional French regional costume, surrounded by an ornate border of flowers, fruits, and agricultural bounty. The floral arrangements include roses and other garden flowers, symbolizing France's agricultural abundance and the continuation of rural life. The warning text reads 'LE CONTREFACTEUR SERA PUNI DES TRAVAUX FORCÉS À PERPÉTUITÉ' (The counterfeiter will be punished by forced labor for life).

historical_notes:
  The Berger series (Shepherd series) was issued by the Banque de France from 1943 to 1947, spanning the latter part of WWII through the immediate post-war period. Dated 25 November 1943 (Q.25=11=1943.Q), this note was printed during the German occupation. The pastoral imagery was chosen to emphasize traditional French rural values during wartime uncertainty. The 5 franc denomination was a common small note in everyday circulation. The series was eventually replaced by the 1959 nouveau franc reform at a rate of 100:1.


country: France
currency: FRF
denomination: 10
series_name: Type Mineur
series_year: 1940
series_range: 1941–1949
issue_year: 1940
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1963
successor_currency: Nouveau Franc
issuer: Banque de France
issuer_native: Banque de France
signatures: Marfany; Rousseau
printer: Banque de France
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 95x60
security_features: intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4c5a9,#4a5f7a
portrait_subject: French miner
reverse_subject: Young woman with agricultural symbols
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-84
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 23:00:39
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:18:59
front_description:
  Allegorical miner in work clothes and cap, representing French industrial labor during the early 1940s. The Type Mineur design was issued during World War II and the Vichy period, symbolizing the importance of coal mining to the French economy. The note bears two signatures (Marfany and Rousseau) and includes the legal warning 'LE CONTREFACTEUR SERA PUNI DES TRAVAUX FORCÉS A PERPÉTUITÉ' (counterfeiters will be punished by forced labor for life), reflecting the severity of wartime economic controls.

back_description:
  Young woman in peasant dress holding a sickle and sheaf of wheat, representing French agriculture and rural life. The pastoral imagery balances the industrial theme of the obverse, embodying the dual pillars of the French economy during the wartime and immediate postwar period. Decorative wheat motifs frame the composition.

historical_notes:
  The Type Mineur series was issued by the Banque de France beginning in 1941, during the German occupation and Vichy government period of World War II. The 10 francs denomination of this series remained in production through 1949. These notes circulated during a period of economic hardship, inflation, and rationing. The design emphasizes traditional French values of labor and agriculture. The series was eventually replaced by the nouveau franc in 1960, with old francs demonetized in 1963.


country: North Macedonia
currency: MKD
denomination: 10
series_name: First denar series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992-1996
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1996
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Second denar (1993 reform)
issuer: National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia
issuer_native: Народна Банка на Македонија
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name illegible from image
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Geometric pattern in center field
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7d6b,#e8d5c0
portrait_subject: Traditional folk dancers in national costume
reverse_subject: Abstract geometric design with triangular patterns
themes: indigenous_culture,commemorative
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: mk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:30:55
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:30:55
front_description:
  Traditional Macedonian folk scene depicting dancers in national costume at left, representing the cultural heritage of the newly independent Republic of Macedonia. This inaugural 1992 denar series was issued following Macedonia's independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, featuring cultural motifs to establish national identity. The Cyrillic text reads 'Народна Банка на Македонија' (National Bank of Macedonia) and 'ДЕСЕТ' (ten). The date 'СКОПЈЕ 1992 ГОДИНА' (Skopje 1992) appears at upper left.

back_description:
  Abstract geometric design featuring triangular patterns in pink, yellow, and purple tones with the text 'ДЕСЕТ ДЕНАРИ' (ten denari). The date 'СКОПЈЕ, ЈАНУАРИ 2008 ГОДИНА' (Skopje, January 2008) appears at lower left, indicating a later printing or reissue date within the series, though the design dates to 1992. The back displays 'НАРОДНА БАНКА НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА' (National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia) along the bottom edge.

historical_notes:
  This is the first 10 denar note of the Republic of Macedonia, issued in 1992 as part of the inaugural currency series following independence from Yugoslavia in September 1991. The denar replaced the Yugoslav dinar at par. The front bears the series date '1992', while the back shows 'ЈАНУАРИ 2008 ГОДИНА' (January 2008), suggesting this specific note was printed in 2008 as part of a later printing run of the 1992 design series, which remained in use until the second denar was introduced in May 1993 at a rate of 1 new denar = 100 old denari due to hyperinflation. This first series is characterized by cultural and folk motifs emphasizing Macedonian national identity. The note is commonly available and was demonetized following the 1993 currency reform.


country: North Macedonia
currency: Macedonian denar
denomination: 10
series_name: First denar series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993-05-15
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Macedonian denar (second series, 1993)
issuer: National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia
issuer_native: Република Македонија
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c9a8,#6b7b9e,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Vergina Sun (Sun of Vergina)
themes: indigenous_culture,commemorative
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: mk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:30:56
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:30:56
front_description:
  The Vergina Sun (Sun of Vergina), a stylized sixteen-ray sunburst symbol associated with ancient Macedonian culture and the royal emblem of the Argead dynasty of Philip II and Alexander the Great. This note prominently features the symbol at center right within an ornate guilloche rosette, with decorative archaeological motifs at left including stylized ancient Macedonian artifacts. The inscription 'РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА' (Republic of Macedonia) appears at top in Cyrillic script. This was the first currency issued by the newly independent Republic of Macedonia following its declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.

back_description:
  The Vergina Sun (Sun of Vergina) symbol, identical to the front design, displayed prominently at center within an elaborate guilloche pattern. The back mirrors the front design with the same archaeological and decorative motifs, denomination numeral '10' at upper right, and Cyrillic text 'РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА'. Both sides feature identical imagery, a characteristic of this short-lived first denar series.

historical_notes:
  This 10 denar note belongs to the first denar series issued by the newly independent Republic of Macedonia in 1992, immediately following its separation from Yugoslavia. The series was in circulation for only one year (1992–1993) before being replaced by a redesigned second denar series in May 1993. The use of the Vergina Sun (a symbol discovered in 1977 at the royal tombs at Vergina in Greek Macedonia and associated with Philip II of Macedon) on the currency and national flag led to a naming dispute with Greece, which objected to its use. This dispute was a major factor in the series' brief circulation period. Under the 1995 Interim Accord with Greece, Macedonia agreed to remove the Vergina Sun from its flag and state emblems. These first-issue notes are now historical artifacts of Macedonia's early independence period and the complex cultural-political issues surrounding Macedonian national identity. The denomination '10 denari' was part of the initial currency reform that established the denar at par with the Yugoslav dinar. All notes in this series featured the Vergina Sun as the central motif. No documented serial-year encoding is known for this issuer's early series.


country: North Macedonia
currency: MKD
denomination: 10
series_name: First Denar series
series_year: 1996
series_range: 1996–2003
issue_year: 1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2003
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
issuer: National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia
issuer_native: НАРОДНА БАНКА НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Mosaic peacock in clear field
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #f4e4a8,#8bc4d4,#d4a574
reverse_subject: Angonoka tortoise (Astrochelys yniphora)
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: 14
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic,Latin
languages: mk,mg,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:15
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:15
front_description:
  Mosaic peacock from the ancient city of Stobi in North Macedonia, a Roman and early Christian archaeological site near Gradsko. The peacock mosaic dates from the 4th-5th century CE and is one of the most celebrated examples of late Roman decorative art in the region, representing the rich cultural heritage of ancient Macedonia. The mosaic tessellation technique is rendered in blue, gold, and earth tones, with a grapevine motif symbolizing prosperity and the region's historical viticulture.

back_description:
  Angonoka tortoise (Astrochelys yniphora), also known as the ploughshare tortoise, one of the world's rarest tortoise species endemic to Madagascar. This critically endangered species is depicted on the banknote due to the Republic of Macedonia's numismatic series featuring global endangered wildlife alongside national cultural heritage. The text on the back is in Malagasy and French, reading 'BANKY FOIBEN'I MADAGASIKARA' and includes anti-counterfeiting warnings.

historical_notes:
  This is the first series of the Macedonian denar (MKD), introduced in 1992 after independence from Yugoslavia but redesigned in 1996 with improved security features. The 10 denar note from this series was issued 1996–2003 and features the famous peacock mosaic from Stobi, an important archaeological site that flourished under Roman rule and early Christianity. The reverse depicts the critically endangered Angonoka tortoise from Madagascar—an unusual choice reflecting the series' theme of pairing Macedonian cultural heritage with global conservation awareness. The note was withdrawn and replaced by the second denar series beginning in 2003. The text 'ДЕСЕТ ДЕНАРИ' (deset denari) means 'ten denars' in Macedonian Cyrillic.


country: Madagascar
currency: Malagasy Ariary
denomination: 100 Ariary
series_range: 1990_present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
predecessor_currency: Malagasy Franc
issuer: Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara
issuer_native: BANKY FOIBEN'I MADAGASIKARA
signatures: Le Gouverneur
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #f5e6d3,#87ceeb,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Church with twin bell towers and domes
themes: architecture,religion,indigenous_culture,wildlife
language_script: Latin
languages: mg,fr
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:23
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:23
front_description:
  A church with twin bell towers topped with domes and crosses, representing historical colonial-era religious architecture in Madagascar. The building features Romanesque-style arched windows and doorways, with a view of a hillside town in the background. Madagascar is depicted in outline form at upper left. The note includes indigenous wildlife motifs including birds (likely Madagascar paradise flycatchers or similar endemic species) and a zebu cattle head design on the left margin, representing the cultural and agricultural importance of zebu in Malagasy society.

back_description:
  This appears to be a mismatched banknote back — the reverse shows a Reserve Bank of Malawi 5 Kwacha note dated 1st July 1997, featuring John Chilembwe (c. 1871–1915), a Baptist minister and revolutionary who led an uprising against colonial rule in Nyasaland (now Malawi) in January 1915. The scene depicts fishermen in a traditional canoe on Lake Malawi. This back does not correspond to the Madagascar 100 Ariary front.

historical_notes:
  The Malagasy Ariary replaced the Malagasy Franc in 2005 at a rate of 5 francs = 1 ariary, though both currencies circulated together during a transition period. The front of this note displays "100 ARIARY" with the text "ARIARY ZATO" (hundred ariary in Malagasy). The architectural motif appears to represent a Catholic church from Madagascar's colonial period, reflecting French colonial influence. However, the back image is clearly from Malawi, not Madagascar, showing the Reserve Bank of Malawi 5 Kwacha note signed by a Governor on 1st July 1997 and issued under the Reserve Bank of Malawi Act, 1989. This is a mismatched pair of images from two different countries and currencies.


country: Malawi
currency: MWK
denomination: 5 Kwacha (front) / 1 Kwacha (back)
series_name: Reserve Bank of Malawi Act 1989 series
series_range: 1992–1995
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2012
successor_currency: Malawi Kwacha (redenominated/redesigned series)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Malawi
signatures: Governor: (signature visible but name not fully legible)
material: paper
watermark: Fish watermark visible in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c8d4a0,#8b6f47,#a0785a
reverse_subject: Lake Malawi fisherman in canoe
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture,wildlife
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:43
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:31:43
front_description:
  Traditional Malawian village scene depicting food security through grain pounding. Women in traditional dress are shown pounding grain with pestles and mortars outside a thatched-roof dwelling, with a child nearby. This image represents subsistence agriculture and food security, central themes in Malawi's economy and culture. The inscription 'FOOD SECURITY' appears beneath the scene, emphasizing the Reserve Bank's focus on economic development priorities in the early post-independence decades.

back_description:
  Lake Malawi fisherman in traditional dugout canoe with palm trees along the lakeshore. Lake Malawi (formerly Lake Nyasa) is one of the African Great Lakes and a defining feature of Malawi's geography, economy, and culture. Fishing in Lake Malawi provides livelihood for thousands and is a major protein source for the nation. The scene symbolizes traditional economic activity and Malawi's natural heritage. Date printed: 1st MAY 1992. Serial number DA138959 visible at lower right.

historical_notes:
  This note shows a significant denomination mismatch: the front displays '5 KWACHA' while the back shows '1 KWACHA' (K1). This is a mismatched pair from the Reserve Bank of Malawi Act 1989 series, issued starting 1st May 1992. The series emphasized themes of food security, agriculture, and traditional economic activities during Malawi's transition to multiparty democracy under President Hastings Kamuzu Banda. The Malawi Kwacha was introduced in 1971 to replace the Malawi pound. This particular series was gradually replaced through the 1990s and 2000s with enhanced-security designs, and these notes were eventually demonetized around 2012 when polymer notes were introduced.


country: Malawi
currency: MWK
denomination: 20 Kwacha
series_name: 2012 Series (2019 dated)
series_year: 2019
series_range: 2012–present
issue_year: 2019
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Reserve Bank of Malawi
signatures: Governor: 1st January 2019
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Portrait of a woman wearing traditional headdress in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#d4af7a,#e8d5c4
portrait_subject: Malawian woman in traditional dress
reverse_subject: Reserve Bank of Malawi headquarters building
themes: agriculture,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: P-63d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script; Chichewa inscription
languages: en,ny
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:28
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:28
front_description:
  Tobacco harvesting scene showing two farmers working in a tobacco field. Tobacco has been Malawi's primary agricultural export and cash crop since independence in 1964, accounting for over half of the country's export earnings through much of its modern history. The word 'TOBACCO' is explicitly labeled beneath the agricultural vignette, emphasizing the crop's central role in the national economy. The K1 denomination markings appear in all four corners with geometric guilloche patterns in purple, brown, and green.

back_description:
  Reserve Bank of Malawi headquarters building in Lilongwe, the central bank established in 1965 following independence. The building is shown as a multi-story modern structure. At right, a portrait of a Malawian woman wearing a traditional feathered headdress represents the cultural heritage and people of Malawi. At left are images of Lake Malawi fish species (including chambo/tilapia), reflecting the importance of Lake Malawi's fisheries to the national economy and diet. The serial number BP0982016 appears at top left, with the date 1st January 2019 below the governor's signature.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2012 series introduced by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, with this specific specimen dated 1st January 2019 as printed on the reverse. The series continued Malawi's tradition of featuring agricultural themes on its currency, with the 20 Kwacha note specifically highlighting tobacco cultivation—the country's most important cash crop since colonial times. Malawi gained independence from Britain in 1964 and established the Reserve Bank of Malawi in 1965. The Kwacha (meaning 'dawn' in Chichewa) replaced the Malawian pound in 1971 at a rate of 2 kwacha = 1 pound. This series features improved security features including a security thread, microprinting, and see-through registration elements. The 2019 dated notes were issued during a period of monetary policy reform as Malawi worked to stabilize its currency and manage inflation.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1
series_name: Sixth series
series_range: 1996–2012
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2012
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
signatures: Gabenor: signature visible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 136x66
watermark: Wau bulan kite (traditional Malaysian moon kite) in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, see_through_register, latent_image, intaglio
color_palette: #a8c5d1,#8b9ca8,#d4c5a8
reverse_subject: Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad
themes: monarch, indigenous_culture
pick_number: 39
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: ms,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:28
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:28
front_description:
  Traditional Malay wau bulan (moon kite) with ornate decorative patterns and carving, set against a stylized landscape featuring a traditional Malay house and mountain scenery. The wau bulan is one of Malaysia's most iconic traditional kites from Kelantan state, featuring a crescent-shaped tail and intricate floral and geometric patterns. This design celebrates Malaysian cultural heritage and traditional craftsmanship. Vertical text 'SATU RINGGIT' (One Ringgit) on left, with denomination '1 RM' at center-right.

back_description:
  Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (1895–1960), first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme King) of independent Malaysia, serving 1957–1960. He was the ruler of Negeri Sembilan before becoming Malaysia's first constitutional monarch following independence from Britain in 1957. He is shown wearing traditional Malay royal regalia including the tengkolok (royal headdress) with the state emblem. The design honours his role in Malaysia's transition to independence and constitutional monarchy.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the sixth series of Malaysian ringgit banknotes issued by Bank Negara Malaysia from 1996 to 2012. The series featured Malaysian cultural heritage on the front and portraits of Malaysia's Yang di-Pertuan Agong (kings) on the reverse. The 1 ringgit note specifically honours Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia's first king after independence. This series was gradually withdrawn starting in 2012 with the introduction of the seventh (polymer) series. The serial prefix 'DV' indicates a specific printing run within the series. These notes remain legal tender but are rarely seen in circulation today, having been largely replaced by polymer notes and coins. The wau bulan motif is a recurring theme in Malaysian currency design, symbolizing traditional Malay culture particularly from the east coast states.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1
series_name: Third series
series_range: 1982–1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
predecessor_currency: Malaya and British Borneo dollar
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
signatures: Gabenor: Dato Aziz (signature visible)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x65
watermark: Portrait of Tuanku Abdul Rahman in clear field (typical for this series)
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #b0c4de,#dda0dd,#6a5acd
portrait_subject: Tuanku Abdul Rahman
reverse_subject: Traditional Malaysian wau bulan (moon kite) and other cultural motifs
themes: monarch,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 13b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script, Malay language
languages: ms,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:51
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:51
front_description:
  The front of this note is extremely faded and obscured, showing only traces of the original design. Based on the back and the series identification, this note would have featured Tuanku Abdul Rahman (1895–1960), the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Head) of independent Malaya and Malaysia, who reigned 1957–1960. He was the Sultan of Negeri Sembilan and a key figure in Malaysian independence.

back_description:
  Tuanku Abdul Rahman wearing traditional Malay royal regalia including an elaborate songkok (headgear) with ornate decorative elements. The design incorporates cultural symbols including the wau bulan (traditional moon kite), a distinctive Malaysian craft form from the east coast states, particularly Kelantan. Text 'BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA' runs vertically on the left, 'SATU RINGGIT' on the right, with 'WANG KERTAS' and 'DIPER INCHI' inscriptions. Signature of the Gabenor (Governor) Dato Aziz appears below the portrait.

historical_notes:
  This is a 1 Ringgit note from Bank Negara Malaysia's third series, issued 1982–1983 and designed by British printer Bradbury Wilkinson. The series featured Malaysia's first Yang di-Pertuan Agong on all denominations. The note was demonetized in 1999 when Bank Negara Malaysia ceased to honor pre-1982 and early 1980s series notes. The front image shows severe fading and deterioration making most design elements illegible; only the back retains sufficient detail for positive identification. The signature appears to be that of Dato Jaafar Hussein or Tan Sri Dato' Aziz Taha, both of whom served as Governor during the 1980s. Without a visible serial number or printed date, precise dating within the 1982–1983 issue window cannot be determined.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1
series_name: Fourth series
series_range: 1982-1984
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
issuer_native: Bank Negara Malaysia
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name not fully legible
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x65
watermark: Mousedeer head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #b8d4d4,#8b4789,#d4a373
portrait_subject: Tuanku Abdul Rahman
reverse_subject: National Monument
themes: monarch,military,commemorative,architecture
pick_number: P-13b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: ms,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:53
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:34:38
front_description:
  Tugu Peringatan Negara (National Monument) in Kuala Lumpur, a bronze sculpture group designed by Felix de Weldon and inaugurated in 1966 to commemorate those who died in Malaysia's struggle against communist insurgency during the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960). The monument depicts seven figures representing leadership, suffering, unity, vigilance, strength, courage and sacrifice, and stands 15.54 meters tall in Lake Gardens, Kuala Lumpur. The Bank Negara Malaysia coat of arms featuring a mousedeer appears at left, with hibiscus flowers as national symbol decorations.

back_description:
  Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (1895-1960), first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme King) of independent Malaya, serving from 1957 to 1960. He was the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan before becoming the first constitutional monarch of independent Malaya. His portrait shows him in traditional Malay royal regalia with the songkok (traditional cap) and ceremonial dress. He is honoured on Malaysian currency as the founding constitutional monarch who presided over the transition to independence.

historical_notes:
  This 1 ringgit note belongs to the Fourth series of Malaysian banknotes issued by Bank Negara Malaysia from 1982 to 1984. This series featured the National Monument on the 1 ringgit denomination front and Tuanku Abdul Rahman, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong, on the reverse. The series was in circulation until 1999 when it was gradually replaced by newer series. The visible text 'THOMAS DE LA RUE' at the bottom of the front confirms the printer. The serial number format and printing characteristics suggest this note was issued during the 1982-1984 period. This series maintained the format established in earlier Malaysian currency of featuring national monuments and founding leaders.


country: Malawi
currency: MWK
denomination: 20
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Reserve Bank of Malawi
material: paper
security_features: see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a1b5,#f5e8c7,#8b6b8b
reverse_subject: Machinga Teachers Training College
themes: architecture,education
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:54
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:32:54
front_description:
  Machinga Teachers Training College, an educational institution in Malawi dedicated to teacher training and professional development. The front features the college building and a symbolic stack of books with a graduation cap, representing education and academic achievement. The Reserve Bank of Malawi coat of arms appears at lower right, showing a lion and rising sun above waves.

back_description:
  The back image appears severely faded and difficult to identify with certainty. Text visible includes 'BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF CURRENCY MALAYA', 'TEN CENTS', and a date of '1st JULY 1941', with portrait and decorative elements. This appears to be a different note entirely—a 10 cents note from the Board of Commissioners of Currency Malaya issued during the 1941–1945 Japanese occupation period or immediate pre-war era. This constitutes a mismatched pair.

historical_notes:
  The front shows a modern Reserve Bank of Malawi 20 Kwacha note, issued after Malawi adopted the Kwacha currency in 1971 (replacing the Malawi pound). The specific series cannot be determined without visible dates or signatures, but the design style and security features suggest a post-1990 issue. The emphasis on Machinga Teachers Training College reflects Malawi's commitment to education investment. However, the back image is NOT from the same note—it shows a Board of Commissioners of Currency Malaya 10 cents note from 1941, a completely different country, era, and currency. This represents a fundamental mismatch in the provided images.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 10
series_name: Fourth series
series_range: 1989-1999
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x69
watermark: Portrait of Yang di-Pertuan Agong in clear field
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d2a679,#8b4513,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Yang di-Pertuan Agong
reverse_subject: Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
themes: monarch,architecture,transport
pick_number: P-29
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: ms,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:36
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:36
front_description:
  Kuala Lumpur Railway Station, built between 1910-1917 in British Raj Mogul style architecture, designed by Arthur Benison Hubback. The station features distinctive Indo-Saracenic design with minarets, domes, and Moorish arches, combining Eastern and Western architectural traditions. It served as the main railway hub of Kuala Lumpur until KL Sentral opened in 2001. The station is accompanied by the national flower, hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Bunga Raya), Malaysia's national floral emblem.

back_description:
  Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Head of State), the constitutional monarch of Malaysia. The position rotates every five years among the nine hereditary Malay state rulers. The portrait depicts the monarch wearing traditional royal regalia and headdress. The text 'SATU RINGGIT' denotes one Malaysian ringgit in the Malay language, reflecting Malaysia's constitutional framework established at independence in 1957.

historical_notes:
  Fourth series Bank Negara Malaysia notes, issued 1989-1999, replaced the third series and preceded the introduction of polymer notes. This design was printed by Thomas De La Rue (as indicated on the front). The series featured the Yang di-Pertuan Agong portrait on all denominations with various Malaysian landmarks on the obverse. The Kuala Lumpur Railway Station was chosen for the 10 ringgit note as a symbol of Malaysia's development and infrastructure modernization. These notes were gradually withdrawn from circulation starting in 1999 when the fifth series was introduced. Serial number AK1308784 indicates a standard production note with prefix 'AK'. No documented serial-year encoding is known for Bank Negara Malaysia fourth series notes; year attribution relies on documented series circulation period.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1
series_name: Fifth Series
series_range: 1986-1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
issuer_native: بڠک نݢارا مليسيا
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Portrait of Tuanku Abdul Rahman in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c8d4d8,#b8a0a8,#8b6f8b
portrait_subject: Tuanku Abdul Rahman
reverse_subject: Tugu Peringatan Negara (National Monument)
themes: monarch,military,commemorative,architecture
pick_number: 27b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script, Jawi script
languages: ms
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:38
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:38
front_description:
  Tugu Peringatan Negara (National Monument) in Kuala Lumpur, a bronze sculpture designed by Felix de Weldon and completed in 1966 to commemorate those who died in Malaysia's struggle for freedom, principally during the Malayan Emergency and World War II. The monument depicts seven soldiers representing the struggle for independence and features a 15.54-metre-tall sculpture group. Inscription 'THOMAS DE LA RUE' appears at bottom left.

back_description:
  Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (1895-1960), the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Head of State) of the Federation of Malaya, who served from 1957 to 1960. He was the seventh Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan and played a key role in Malaysia's independence. The portrait shows him wearing traditional Malay royal regalia with the distinctive tengkolok (ceremonial headgear). The denomination 'SATU RINGGIT' (One Ringgit) appears prominently.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Fifth Series of Malaysian banknotes issued by Bank Negara Malaysia between 1986 and 1989. This series maintained traditional Malaysian iconography featuring the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong and national landmarks. The 1 Ringgit denomination was later replaced by coins in 1993, and these notes were gradually withdrawn from circulation and fully demonetized by 1999. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue (as marked on the note) and featured advanced security features for its era. Serial number CL5536535 visible with prefix 'CL'. The note exhibits the deer (mouse-deer/kancil) emblem within a guilloche pattern at upper left, a common motif in Malaysian currency symbolizing alertness and agility.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1 Ringgit (front) / 10 Ringgit (back)
series_name: Sixth Series
series_range: 1998-present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
issuer_native: بڠک نݢارا مليسيا
signatures: Gabenor: signature present but name illegible
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 120x65
security_features: polymer_substrate,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink,microprint,hologram
color_palette: #a8c5e0,#d4916a,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Yang di-Pertuan Agong (front: Tuanku Abdul Rahman; back: different Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
reverse_subject: Traditional Malaysian handicrafts and weaving
themes: monarch,indigenous_culture,industry
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Malay (Latin and Jawi scripts)
languages: ms,ar
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:56
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:33:56
front_description:
  Traditional Malaysian wau bulan (moon kite) depicted in ornate floral patterns, accompanied by figures flying kites on the beach. The wau bulan is a traditional Malaysian kite from the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, recognised as a national symbol and featured on the logo of Malaysia Airlines; kite flying is a cherished cultural tradition in northeastern Malaysia. This is the 1 Ringgit denomination from Malaysia's sixth polymer series.

back_description:
  Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) wearing traditional royal regalia including the tengkolok (royal headgear) and ceremonial attire. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Malaysia's constitutional monarch, elected for five-year terms from among the nine hereditary state rulers. The reverse also depicts traditional Malaysian crafts including weaving and basketry, representing the country's rich artisan heritage. This is the 10 Ringgit denomination.

historical_notes:
  These images show MISMATCHED DENOMINATIONS — the front appears to be a 1 Ringgit note (RM1 visible, serial AG7028321) while the back is from a 10 Ringgit note ($10 visible, serial VH064574, different format). Both belong to Malaysia's sixth series of polymer banknotes introduced in 1998, which replaced the fifth series paper notes. The sixth series was designed with advanced security features and polymer substrate for durability. Each denomination features the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the obverse and distinct Malaysian cultural or natural heritage themes on the reverse. The 1 Ringgit note specifically highlights traditional kite culture, while the 10 Ringgit showcases royal portraiture and traditional crafts. Bank Negara Malaysia has issued multiple signature variants within this series as different governors have served. The polymer notes remain legal tender as of 2024.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 1
series_name: Fifth series
series_range: 1986–1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
issuer_native: Bank Negara Malaysia
signatures: Gabenor: signature visible
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x65
watermark: Yang di-Pertuan Agong portrait
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #a8d5d5,#4a5f8f,#d4a6b8
portrait_subject: Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Ruler of Malaysia)
reverse_subject: Tugu Peringatan Negara (National Monument)
themes: monarch,military,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 27a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script, Malay language
languages: ms
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:34:02
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:34:38
front_description:
  Tugu Peringatan Negara (National Monument) in Kuala Lumpur, designed by Austrian sculptor Felix de Weldon and unveiled in 1966. The monument commemorates those who died in Malaysia's struggle against the Japanese occupation during World War II and the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960). The sculpture depicts seven bronze figures representing the armed forces, standing 15.54 metres tall on a pedestal. The front also features the Malaysian coat of arms with the traditional kris (dagger) and the denomination in ornate Islamic-influenced geometric patterns.

back_description:
  Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Ruler of Malaysia), the constitutional monarch and head of state. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected from among the nine hereditary state rulers to serve a five-year term. The portrait shows the monarch in traditional Malay royal regalia including the ceremonial headgear (tengkolok). This design series featured the reigning monarch at the time of issue, rotating with each election as per Malaysian constitutional monarchy tradition.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the fifth series of Malaysian ringgit notes issued by Bank Negara Malaysia from 1986 to 1989. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue, as indicated by the inscription on the front. This particular $1 note (P-27a) was part of the broader currency reform that introduced enhanced security features and updated designs following Malaysia's rapid economic development in the 1980s. The series was withdrawn from circulation in the late 1990s and demonetized in 1999 when the sixth series was introduced. The serial number format ED5715318 indicates this is from a standard production run. The note features traditional Islamic-influenced geometric patterns and Malaysian national symbols, reflecting the country's cultural heritage and constitutional monarchy system.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 5
series_name: Fifth series
series_range: 1986-1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1999
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
signatures: Gabenor: (signature visible but name not fully legible)
printer: Thomas De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x67
watermark: Portrait of Tuanku Abdul Rahman in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #a8d5ba,#4a7c8c,#c85a7c
portrait_subject: Tuanku Abdul Rahman
reverse_subject: National Monument (Tugu Peringatan Negara)
themes: monarch,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 28a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Jawi
languages: ms
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:03
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:03
front_description:
  The National Monument (Tugu Peringatan Negara) in Kuala Lumpur, a bronze sculpture group designed by Felix de Weldon and unveiled in 1966 to commemorate those who died in Malaysia's struggle against communist insurgency during the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960). The monument depicts seven soldiers in heroic poses representing leadership, suffering, unity, vigilance, strength, courage, and sacrifice. It stands 15.54 meters tall and is one of the world's largest bronze free-standing sculpture groups. The note also features the mouse deer (kancil) in the ornamental seal at left, a traditional symbol in Malay folklore representing cleverness.

back_description:
  Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (1895-1960), first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme King) of independent Malaya, serving from 1957 to 1960. He was also the Sultan of Negeri Sembilan. His reign marked the transition from British colonial rule to full independence, and he played a ceremonial but symbolically vital role in the establishment of the modern Malaysian constitutional monarchy. The portrait shows him in traditional royal regalia with ornate headgear.

historical_notes:
  This is part of Bank Negara Malaysia's fifth series, issued between 1986 and 1989. These notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue and featured enhanced security features compared to earlier series. The fifth series was replaced by the sixth series beginning in 1996, with full withdrawal by 1999. The denomination 'LIMA RINGGIT' appears in both Malay and Jawi script. The serial number format 'NF1401925' follows the standard prefix-number structure used by Bank Negara Malaysia. No documented serial-year encoding is known for this series. The note depicts important symbols of Malaysian nationhood: the Yang di-Pertuan Agong representing constitutional monarchy, and the National Monument representing the sacrifice of those who fought for independence and national unity.


country: Malaysia
currency: MYR
denomination: 5
series_name: Fourth series
series_range: 1982–1984
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
predecessor_currency: Malaya and British Borneo dollar
issuer: Bank Negara Malaysia
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x69
watermark: Agong's portrait in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #e6b8c0,#c8dcc0,#8b7355
reverse_subject: Yang di-Pertuan Agong in ceremonial dress
themes: monarch,architecture,wildlife
pick_number: 28a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script, Malay
languages: ms
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:39
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:39
front_description:
  The Istana Negara (National Palace) in Kuala Lumpur, the official residence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (paramount ruler of Malaysia). Built in 1928, it served as the official royal palace from 1957 to 2011. The building features Moorish-Islamic architectural elements with domes and arched entrances. The mousedeer (Tragulus) at upper left is Malaysia's national animal, symbolizing wit and wisdom in Malay folklore. Hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Malaysia's national flower) appear at lower right.

back_description:
  The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Head of State of Malaysia) wearing the Tengkolok Diraja (royal headgear with gold embroidered design and the Malaysian coat of arms). Malaysia is a constitutional elective monarchy, and the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected from among the nine hereditary state rulers for a five-year term. The portrait represents the institution of the monarchy rather than a specific individual, as the position rotates among state rulers.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the fourth series of Malaysian ringgit notes issued by Bank Negara Malaysia from 1982–1984, replacing the third series. The series features the Istana Negara on multiple denominations and continued Malaysia's tradition of depicting the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the reverse as a symbol of national unity and constitutional monarchy. The series was gradually replaced by the fifth series beginning in 1986, and was fully withdrawn from circulation and demonetized by 1999. The fourth series marked a transitional period in Malaysian currency design, maintaining traditional architectural and monarchical themes while incorporating enhanced security features.


country: Maldives
currency: Maldivian Rufiyaa
denomination: 1
series_name: First Rufiyaa series
series_range: 1947–1960
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1983
predecessor_currency: Ceylonese Rupee
successor_currency: Second Rufiyaa series
issuer: Maldives Monetary Authority
printer: Waterlow & Sons Limited, London
material: paper
security_features: intaglio
color_palette: #4682b4,#d2b48c,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Traditional Maldivian dhoni sailing vessel
themes: maritime,indigenous_culture,transport
pick_number: 2b
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Arabic, English
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:40
updated_at: 2026-05-10 06:35:40
front_description:
  Traditional Maldivian fishing scene depicting local fishermen with a dhoni (traditional sailboat) on the beach. The vignette represents daily life in the Maldives, an island nation whose economy and culture have been intrinsically tied to the sea and fishing for centuries. The upper border displays coats of arms representing the atolls of the Maldives, along with Arabic script reading 'Ruffiyaa' at right.

back_description:
  Traditional Maldivian dhoni sailing vessel under full sail, the iconic boat design used throughout Maldivian history for fishing, inter-island transport, and trade across the Indian Ocean. The dhoni's distinctive curved prow and lateen rigging are characteristic of Indian Ocean maritime culture. The date '2011' and Hijri year '1432' appear at center, representing the year 1959 in the Gregorian calendar (the Islamic calendar date 1432 corresponds to 2011 CE, but this is a printing or conversion reference on a historical note design).

historical_notes:
  This is from the first Rufiyaa series introduced in 1947 when the Maldives established its own currency, replacing the Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) Rupee. The Maldivian Rufiyaa (MVR) was subdivided into 100 laari. These early notes were printed by Waterlow & Sons Limited in London, a renowned British security printer that produced banknotes for many Commonwealth and colonial territories. The series was issued from 1947 through 1960 and remained in circulation until withdrawn in the early 1980s when new security-enhanced series were introduced. Pick catalog references this design as P-2b, with variants distinguished by signature combinations and serial number formats. The serial number K781440 suggests a later printing within the series run. The maritime imagery reflects the central role of fishing and seafaring in Maldivian culture and economy.


