# banknote_types

country: Slovenia
currency: SIT
denomination: 20
series_name: Tolar series
series_range: 1992–2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2007-01-01
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Slovenia
issuer_native: Narodna Banka Slovenije
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c899,#8fbc8f,#f0e68c
reverse_subject: Lipizzaner horses
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: 12a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: sl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:16:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:16:44
front_description:
  Abstract mountain landscape design representing the Slovenian Alps. The front features stylized mountain peaks rendered in guilloche patterns typical of security printing, with the inscription 'REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA' (Republic of Slovenia) at top and 'ENA' (one) at lower right, though the note is denominated as 20 tolarjev. The design emphasizes Slovenia's Alpine geography and natural heritage through abstract geometric representation.

back_description:
  Lipizzaner horses (Lipica stud farm horses), Slovenia's most famous equine breed originating from the Lipica stud farm established in 1580 during Habsburg rule. Two horses are depicted in fine engraved detail with the text 'DVAJSET SLOVENSKIH KORUN' (Twenty Slovenian Crowns) visible. The Lipizzaner is celebrated as a symbol of Slovenian cultural heritage and represents the nation's centuries-long tradition of horse breeding at the Lipica stud farm, now located in southwestern Slovenia near the Italian border.

historical_notes:
  The Slovenian tolar (SIT) was introduced on 8 October 1991 following Slovenia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in June 1991, replacing the Yugoslav dinar at par. The tolar served as Slovenia's national currency from 1991 until 1 January 2007, when Slovenia became the first former Yugoslav republic to adopt the euro. The 20 tolar note was part of the original series issued by the newly established Bank of Slovenia (Narodna Banka Slovenije / Banka Slovenije). The series featured designs emphasizing Slovenian natural landscapes, cultural heritage, and national symbols as the new nation asserted its independent identity. This note's design combines abstract Alpine mountain imagery on the front with the iconic Lipizzaner horses on the reverse, linking Slovenia's geographic identity with its equestrian heritage. The Lipica stud farm, established in 1580 by Archduke Charles II of Austria, has been breeding the famous white Lipizzaner horses for over four centuries and is one of Slovenia's most important cultural sites. All tolar banknotes were demonetized when Slovenia joined the eurozone on 1 January 2007, though they could be exchanged at banks until 31 December 2016 at the fixed rate of 239.640 SIT = 1 EUR.


country: Somaliland
currency: Somaliland Shilling
denomination: 5
series_name: First Somaliland Shilling series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–1996
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2011
predecessor_currency: Somali Shilling
issuer: Baanka Somaliland
issuer_native: بنك صوماليلاند
signatures: Qudoomiyana; Xacaqyaha
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Greater kudu head in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#90a955,#d2b48c
reverse_subject: Greater kudu
themes: agriculture,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: so,ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:19
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:19
front_description:
  Rural agricultural scene depicting a Somali woman in traditional dress leading a laden donkey, with banana plants and traditional farming activity in the background. This motif represents Somaliland's agricultural economy and pastoral traditions following its declaration of independence from Somalia in 1991. The note was issued by the self-declared Republic of Somaliland (not internationally recognized) as part of its effort to establish an independent monetary system.

back_description:
  Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), a large antelope species native to the Horn of Africa region, shown in profile with its distinctive spiral horns. The kudu is an iconic wildlife species of the region and represents Somaliland's natural heritage and biodiversity. The back also features the text 'HARGEYSA 1994', referencing Hargeisa, the capital city of Somaliland.

historical_notes:
  This 5 Shilling note is from the first series issued by Somaliland following its unilateral declaration of independence from Somalia on May 18, 1991. The Somaliland Shilling was introduced in 1994 to replace the Somali Shilling in the self-declared republic's territory. The note features text in both English and Somali (Latin script) as well as Arabic script. Despite Somaliland's functioning government and separate currency, it remains unrecognized internationally as a sovereign state. These early 1994-dated notes were printed with 'HARGEYSA 1994' on the reverse. The series was later replaced by new designs in 2011. The serial number format uses a prefix of letters followed by digits.


country: Slovakia
currency: Slovak koruna
denomination: 20
series_name: First series of independent Slovakia
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-01-01
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Národná banka Slovenska
issuer_native: NÁRODNÁ BANKA SLOVENSKA
signatures: Governor: Vladimír Masár
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x69
watermark: Portrait of Prince Pribina in clear field at left
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, latent_image
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#f0e68c,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Prince Pribina
reverse_subject: Surveying compass
themes: statesman,architecture,industry
pick_number: P-19a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: sk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:22
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:22
front_description:
  Prince Pribina (c. 800–861), ruler of the Principality of Nitra, the first documented Slavic ruler in Slovak territory and founder of the first Christian church in present-day Slovakia at Nitra in 828. He is honoured on this note as a symbol of Slovak statehood and early Christianity in the region. The note displays the Slovak coat of arms (double cross on three hills) and was issued during Slovakia's first year as an independent nation following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993.

back_description:
  Surveying compass and the inscription 'DVAKRÁT SEDEM' (meaning 'twice seven' or double measurement), representing precision, measurement, and technical achievement. The design symbolizes Slovakia's scientific and engineering traditions. The compass appears alongside geometric patterns that evoke topographic mapping and land surveying, important to national development and territorial definition in the newly independent state.

historical_notes:
  This 20 koruna note belongs to the first banknote series issued by Národná banka Slovenska (National Bank of Slovakia) in 1993, immediately following Slovak independence from Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993. The series was designed to establish a distinct national identity through historical figures and symbols. The notes were printed by Giesecke+Devrient and featured portraits of important Slovak historical rulers and cultural figures. This particular design remained in circulation until Slovakia adopted the euro on 1 January 2009. The visible serial format with prefix letter V followed by numbers is consistent with the first printing runs of 1993. Governor Vladimír Masár served from the bank's founding in 1993 through 1999, providing additional confirmation of the issue period.


country: Slovenia
currency: SIT
denomination: 20
series_name: Tolar series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992-2007
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2007-01-01
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Bank of Slovenia
issuer_native: Banka Slovenije
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 136x68
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #f5deb3,#d2b48c,#8b4513
themes: mythology,architecture
pick_number: 12a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: sl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:35
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:35
front_description:
  Decorative design featuring a mythological motif with putti (cherubs) and the Latin motto "Dulcis ex labore fructus" (Sweet is the fruit of labor). The note displays complex guilloché patterns in yellow, orange and brown tones. The date "LJUBLJANA 15.JANUAR 1992" marks Slovenia's formal recognition as an independent state. The design represents Slovenia's newly established currency following independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.

back_description:
  This is a mismatched pair showing a Somali 500 Shillings note (Pick 36c, dated 1996) from the Central Bank of Somalia (Bankiga Dhexe Ee Soomaaliya). The back depicts a traditional Somali sailing vessel (dhow) and a woman in traditional dress with a basket. Serial number A191 278247 is visible. The note features the Somali coat of arms with two leopards supporting a shield with a white star.

historical_notes:
  The Slovenian tolar (SIT) was introduced on 8 October 1991 following Slovenia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in June 1991. The 20 tolar note was part of the first series issued on 15 January 1992, as indicated by the printed date. This series featured decorative motifs rather than portraits, reflecting Slovenia's new national identity. The tolar served as Slovenia's currency until 1 January 2007, when Slovenia became the first of the 2004 EU accession countries to adopt the euro. The note shown here is from the initial 1992 issue.


country: Somalia
currency: SOS
denomination: 500
series_range: 1989–1996
issue_year: 1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1996
successor_currency: Somaliland Shilling (unrecognized)
issuer: Central Bank of Somalia
issuer_native: البنك المركزي الصومالي
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4a76a,#9cb89f,#e8d5c4
reverse_subject: Somali woman in traditional dress
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: R2
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin and Arabic
languages: so,ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:41
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:42
front_description:
  The Mosque of Islamic Solidarity in Mogadishu, also known as Al-Jazira Mosque, featuring its distinctive tall minaret and Islamic architectural elements with horseshoe arches. This mosque was a major landmark in Somalia's capital and symbolized the country's Islamic heritage. The design incorporates traditional Islamic geometric patterns and architectural motifs representative of Somali mosque construction.

back_description:
  Portrait of a Somali woman in traditional dress, representing Somali cultural identity and heritage. The back also features architectural elements including Islamic arches and decorative patterns, along with the date 'MUQDISHO 1991' (Mogadishu 1991) at bottom center. The imagery reflects traditional Somali culture during a period of significant political transition.

historical_notes:
  This 500 Somali Shilling note belongs to the series issued during Somalia's civil war period (1989–1996) by the Central Bank of Somalia. The note is marked 'MUQDISHO 1991' on the reverse, indicating the Mogadishu issue date. However, notes from this series continued to circulate through 1996. Following the collapse of the Siad Barre government in 1991, Somalia entered a prolonged period of civil conflict and state collapse. The Central Bank effectively ceased functioning, and by 1996 the Somali Shilling had largely been replaced by various regional currencies and foreign currencies in circulation. This note represents the final issues of the internationally recognized Central Bank of Somalia before the monetary system fragmented. The note's denomination prefix 'BD' is typical of this series. The discrepancy between the front denomination showing '500 SOMALI SHILLINGS' and the back showing 'N50 SHILIN SOOMAALI' is a known error on these transitional notes, where the back retained the old 50-shilling plate design while the front was updated to 500 shillings.


country: Somaliland
currency: Somaliland Shilling
denomination: 500
series_name: Hargeisa series
series_year: 2011
series_range: 2011–present
issue_year: 2011
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Somali Shilling
issuer: Baanka Somaliland
issuer_native: بنك صوماليلاند
signatures: Guddoomiyaha: [signature]; Lacaghayaha: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Kudu head in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#5a8a7a,#f4e4c8
reverse_subject: Hargeisa colonial-era building
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture,wildlife,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Hargeisa 2011
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: en,so,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:46
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:17:46
front_description:
  Pastoral scene depicting nomadic Somali life with camels and herders in traditional dress traversing an arid landscape. The camel is central to Somali pastoralist culture and economy, historically used for transport, milk, and trade across the Horn of Africa. This scene represents the traditional lifestyle that remains important to Somaliland's cultural identity following its declaration of independence from Somalia in 1991. The Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), a large antelope native to the region, appears as a security emblem. The denomination text appears in English, Somali, and Arabic.

back_description:
  Hargeisa colonial-era building, likely a historic government or administrative structure from the British Somaliland Protectorate period (1884–1960). Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, was heavily damaged during the Somali Civil War (1988–1991) and has been substantially rebuilt since independence. The date 2011 marks this commemorative issue. The building is shown with surrounding trees and represents both Somaliland's colonial heritage and post-independence reconstruction. The signatures of the Chairman (Guddoomiyaha) and Treasurer (Lacaghayaha) of Baanka Somaliland appear below the building.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the Somaliland Shilling series introduced after Somaliland's unilateral declaration of independence from Somalia in 1991 (though not internationally recognized). The 2011 issue celebrates Hargeisa, the capital city that was largely destroyed in 1988 and rebuilt as the center of the self-declared republic. Somaliland established its own currency to assert economic sovereignty separate from Somalia, which uses the Somali Shilling. The Somaliland Shilling is not recognized as legal tender outside Somaliland and has no official ISO code. This 500 Shilling denomination is a mid-to-high value note in daily circulation. The pastoral imagery reflects the nomadic heritage that defines much of Somaliland's population, while the Hargeisa building represents state-building efforts. Security features include microprinting, intaglio printing, and see-through register elements. The note bears text in English, Somali (Latin script), and Arabic, reflecting Somaliland's linguistic diversity and Islamic heritage.


country: South Korea
currency: KRW
denomination: 1000 won
series_name: Third series
series_range: 1983-2002
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2007
issuer: Bank of Korea
issuer_native: 한국은행
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x76
watermark: Portrait of Yi Hwang in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b7d6b,#e8d5b7
portrait_subject: Yi Hwang (Toegye)
reverse_subject: Dosan Seowon (Confucian academy)
themes: statesman,writer,scientist,architecture,religion
pick_number: 47
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Hangul
languages: ko
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:21
front_description:
  Yi Hwang (Toegye) (1501-1570), one of the most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty. Known by his pen name Toegye, he was a leading Neo-Confucian philosopher, educator, and poet who profoundly influenced Korean intellectual history. He established the Dosan Seowon academy and his philosophical writings, particularly on the Four-Seven debate, shaped East Asian Confucian thought for centuries.

back_description:
  Dosan Seowon, the Confucian academy founded by Yi Hwang in 1574 (posthumously completed by his disciples) in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province. The academy served as a center of Neo-Confucian learning and became one of the most important educational institutions of the Joseon period. The scene shows the traditional Korean architecture of the academy complex surrounded by pine trees, with a rain gauge (Cheugugi) depicted at left - an early scientific instrument reflecting Yi Hwang's scholarly interests.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the third series of Bank of Korea banknotes, issued between 1983 and 2002. The 1000 won denomination featuring Yi Hwang was introduced on June 11, 1983, as part of a redesign that featured historical Korean scholars. The front inscription reads 'Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea' in Korean. This series remained in circulation until being replaced by new security-enhanced designs in 2007. The serial number format with prefix letters followed by seven digits was standard for this era of Korean banknotes. No documented serial-year encoding system is known for Bank of Korea notes of this period.


country: North Korea
currency: KPW
denomination: 50 Jeon / 5000 Won
issue_year: 1962
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
issuer_native: 조선민주주의인민공화국중앙은행
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#f5f5dc,#ffffff
portrait_subject: Kim Il-sung
themes: statesman,military
pick_number: 17
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin,Hangul
languages: en,ko
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:21
front_description:
  The front of this note displays text 'THE BANK OF KOREA' in English with '50 JEON' denomination marking and the year '1962'. The design features ornate decorative patterns in brown ink with traditional Korean motifs and geometric guilloche work. The text '조선민주주의인민공화국중앙은행' appears vertically in Korean script. This represents an early series of North Korean currency issued shortly after the 1959 revaluation that established the second won at a 100:1 ratio.

back_description:
  Kim Il-sung (1912–1994), founding leader of North Korea, serving as Premier from 1948–1972 and President from 1972 until his death. He led the Korean People's Army during the Korean War and established the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948. His portrait appears in a large central oval with the denomination '5000' and serial number 'LF 2274942'. The note features intricate guilloche patterns in purple, pink, and green with the state emblem visible.

historical_notes:
  This is a rare specimen of North Korean currency from 1962, during the early years of Kim Il-sung's leadership. The note shows denominations in both jeon (50 jeon on front) and won (5000 won on back), reflecting the 1959 currency reform when North Korea introduced the second won. The bilingual inscriptions ('THE BANK OF KOREA' in English alongside Korean text) and the use of 'jeon' denomination are characteristic of this early post-war period. These notes were withdrawn from circulation and are now extremely difficult to obtain. The 1962 series preceded major currency reforms in subsequent decades. North Korea has undergone multiple revaluations and redenominations, making early issues like this highly collectible.


country: North Korea
currency: KPW
denomination: 50
series_range: 1959–1962
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1962
predecessor_currency: North Korean won (1947)
successor_currency: North Korean won (1962 reform)
issuer: Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
issuer_native: 조선민주주의인민공화국중앙은행
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4b896,#8ab4d4,#2e2e2e
reverse_subject: Industrial complex with refinery towers and equipment
themes: industry,architecture
pick_number: 14
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Hangul (Korean)
languages: ko
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:24
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:24
front_description:
  Industrial refinery complex with multiple distillation towers, pressure vessels, and processing equipment. This represents North Korea's post-Korean War emphasis on heavy industry and petroleum refining as part of the DPRK's socialist industrialization program initiated in the late 1950s. A map of the Korean peninsula appears on the right side, symbolizing national unity claims.

back_description:
  Denomination '50' (오십전, fifty jeon) prominently displayed in Korean script with ornate guilloche patterns and intricate border designs. The text '한국은행권' (Bank of Korea Note) appears at top, with '한국은행' (Bank of Korea) repeated below. A red circular seal/stamp marked '-1-' appears at center left.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of the second North Korean won, issued 1959–1962 by the Central Bank of the DPRK (established 1946). The denomination is 50 jeon (전), a subunit equal to 1/100 won. This series replaced the 1947 won at par and emphasized industrial imagery reflecting Kim Il-sung's Chollima Movement (1956–1961) for rapid socialist reconstruction after the Korean War. The series was demonetized in 1962 during a currency reform that introduced new won notes. The '-1-' marking on the back is a control number or block indicator. The bilingual 'Bank of Korea' inscription (한국은행) reflects the DPRK's claim to represent all of Korea. These notes circulated briefly during a period of post-war economic recovery and are now scarce due to the short circulation period and subsequent withdrawal.


country: Somaliland
currency: Somaliland Shilling
denomination: 500 Shillings / 2 Rand
issuer: Baanka Somaliland / South African Reserve Bank
issuer_native: Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank
signatures: President Governor: Gerhard de Kock
material: paper
color_palette: #4169e1,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Jan van Riebeeck
reverse_subject: Livestock export scene at port
themes: agriculture,transport,indigenous_culture,statesman
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: en,so,af
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:18:45
front_description:
  This appears to be a composite or fantasy note combining elements from two distinct banknotes. The front displays a livestock export scene showing cattle, goats and camels being loaded at a port with ships in the background, issued by Baanka Somaliland (Bank of Somaliland) with a denomination of 500 Somaliland Shillings. The imagery represents the importance of livestock to Somalia's economy, with pastoral herding and livestock exports being central to Somali culture and trade.

back_description:
  Jan van Riebeeck (1619–1662), Dutch colonial administrator who founded the first permanent European settlement in South Africa at Cape Town in 1652 on behalf of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He served as the first Commander of the Cape Colony from 1652 to 1662. Van Riebeeck's portrait appeared on South African Reserve Bank notes during the apartheid era. This specific back is from a South African 2 Rand note with serial number BL9771807, featuring a prominent electrical transmission tower overlay.

historical_notes:
  This appears to be a mismatched pair of images showing two completely different banknotes. The front is a Somaliland 500 Shillings note from the self-declared Republic of Somaliland (unrecognized internationally, having declared independence from Somalia in 1991). The back is from a South African 2 Rand note from the apartheid era, likely from the 1970s-1980s series when Jan van Riebeeck still appeared on South African currency. These two notes are from entirely different countries, currencies, denominations, and historical periods. They cannot be the front and back of the same physical banknote. The South African Reserve Bank ceased using van Riebeeck's image in the post-apartheid period.


country: South Korea
currency: Korean Won
denomination: 1000 Won
series_name: Ju Sin series
series_range: 1965–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1975
issuer: Bank of Korea
issuer_native: 한국은행
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x76
watermark: null
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #8B4513,#DEB887,#4B0082
reverse_subject: Unidentified architectural scene
themes: architecture
pick_number: P-45
rarity_tier: common
language_script: hangul,latn
languages: ko,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:10
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:10
front_description:
  This image shows the reverse of a South Korea 1000 Won banknote featuring Dosan Seowon, a Confucian academy founded in 1574 in Andong to honor the scholar Yi Hwang (Toegye). The academy is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and represents one of the most important centers of Neo-Confucian education during the Joseon Dynasty. The detailed engraving shows the traditional Korean architecture with multiple pavilions set among trees on a hillside.

back_description:
  This image shows the obverse of a Spain 100 Pesetas banknote dated 17 November 1970, featuring Manuel de Falla (1876-1946), one of Spain's greatest composers. De Falla is renowned for works including 'Nights in the Gardens of Spain,' 'The Three-Cornered Hat,' and 'El amor brujo.' He lived in exile in Argentina from 1939 until his death. The note bears three signatures: El Gobernador, El Interventor, and El Cajero.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR: These images are from two completely different banknotes from different countries. Image 1 (labeled 'front') is actually the REVERSE of a South Korean 1000 Won note from the 1983-2002 series (P-47). Image 2 (labeled 'back') is actually the OBVERSE of a Spanish 100 Pesetas note dated 1970 (P-152a). The Spanish peseta was replaced by the Euro in 2002. The Korean note belongs to the Bank of Korea's third series of the current won (redenominated in 1962). These notes cannot be catalogued together as a single item.


country: Sudan
currency: Sudanese Pound
denomination: 25
series_name: 1980s issue
series_range: 1983-1985
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
successor_currency: Sudanese Dinar
issuer: Bank of Sudan
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4699f,#8b7355,#e8dcc8
portrait_subject: Sudanese warrior
reverse_subject: Bank of Sudan headquarters building in Khartoum
themes: military,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-26
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin/Arabic
languages: en,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:44
front_description:
  A Sudanese warrior mounted on horseback, depicted in traditional dress with spear and shield, representing the martial heritage of Sudan's various ethnic groups and their historical resistance movements. This imagery draws on Sudan's long tradition of cavalry warfare and the Mahdist state's victories in the late 19th century. The warrior motif has been a recurring theme on Sudanese currency, symbolizing national strength, independence, and the valor of Sudan's people during their struggles against colonial occupation.

back_description:
  The Bank of Sudan headquarters building in Khartoum, a modernist multi-story structure that serves as the central bank of Sudan. The building represents the nation's financial independence and economic development following independence in 1956. The architectural style reflects mid-20th century institutional design, with its horizontal lines and functional modernist aesthetic typical of post-colonial African national institutions.

historical_notes:
  This 25 piastres note belongs to the Sudanese Pound series issued by the Bank of Sudan in the 1980s, likely between 1983 and 1985 based on design characteristics. The Sudanese Pound (divided into 100 piastres or qirsh) served as Sudan's currency from independence in 1956 until 1992, when it was replaced by the Sudanese Dinar at a rate of 1 dinar = 10 pounds during a period of severe hyperinflation. The dinar itself was later replaced by a new Sudanese Pound in 2007. This note circulated during a turbulent period in Sudanese history marked by civil conflict, economic challenges, and political instability under the Nimeiry regime. The warrior imagery reflects pan-Sudanese national identity themes that the government promoted during this era.


country: Sri Lanka
currency: LKR
denomination: 20
series_name: 2010 series
series_year: 2010
series_range: 2010–present
issue_year: 2010
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2010-01-01
issuer: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
issuer_native: ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහ බැංකුව
signatures: Governor: Ajith Nivard Cabraal
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 137x65
watermark: Chinthe (mythical lion) in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, latent_image, uv
color_palette: #c85a5a,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Traditional Kandyan dancer
reverse_subject: Colombo Port
themes: indigenous_culture,transport,industry,wildlife
pick_number: P-123
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Sinhala, Tamil, Latin
languages: si,ta,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:48
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:19:48
front_description:
  Traditional Kandyan dancer in ceremonial costume. Kandyan dance is one of Sri Lanka's most iconic cultural traditions, originating in the hill country Kingdom of Kandy during the 15th–19th centuries. The elaborate costume includes the distinctive ves costume with silver ornaments, headdress (ves thattuva), chest ornament, bangles, ankle bells, and ritual objects. This classical dance form was traditionally performed at temple ceremonies and royal courts, and remains a central element of Sri Lankan cultural identity. The dancer is shown mid-performance with ritual drums (geta bera) visible in the composition.

back_description:
  Colombo Port, Sri Lanka's principal maritime gateway and one of South Asia's busiest container terminals. The port, located in the capital Colombo on the west coast, has been a major trading hub since ancient times and underwent significant modernization in the 20th and 21st centuries. The design shows modern port infrastructure including container cranes, cargo ships, and port facilities, representing Sri Lanka's role in international trade and its strategic position on Indian Ocean shipping routes. The scene includes the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation terminal and modern container handling equipment. Wildlife elements include a jungle owlet (Glaucidium radiatum), a small owl species native to Sri Lanka and southern India, and a butterfly (likely the Common Redbreast or Ceylon Tree Nymph), representing the island's rich biodiversity.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2010 series issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, which introduced updated security features and designs while maintaining traditional Sri Lankan cultural and economic themes. The date 2010-01-01 is clearly printed on the reverse. The series was issued during the governorship of Ajith Nivard Cabraal (2006–2015). The 20 rupee denomination features Kandyan cultural heritage on the obverse and modern economic infrastructure on the reverse, reflecting Sri Lanka's balance between cultural preservation and economic development. The note incorporates trilingual text in Sinhala, Tamil, and English, reflecting Sri Lanka's multilingual society. Serial number W/2 2087615 indicates prefix W/2.


country: Spain
currency: ESP
denomination: 100 Pesetas
series_name: Issue of 1948
series_range: 1948–1953
issue_year: 1948
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Banco de España
signatures: El Gobernador: illegible; El Interventor: illegible; El Cajero: illegible
printer: Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x103
security_features: intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Juan Sebastián Elcano
reverse_subject: Generalife gardens at the Alhambra
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: 137
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:20:06
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:20:06
front_description:
  The Generalife gardens and palace at the Alhambra complex in Granada, Spain. Built in the 13th–14th centuries as the summer palace and country estate of the Nasrid emirs of Granada, the Generalife is renowned for its terraced gardens, fountains, and courtyards; it is among the finest examples of Moorish garden architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site component of the Alhambra ensemble.

back_description:
  Juan Sebastián Elcano (1476–1526), Spanish Basque navigator and explorer who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth after Ferdinand Magellan's death in 1521. Elcano commanded the Victoria back to Spain in 1522, becoming the first person to successfully circle the globe; he is one of the most celebrated figures in Spanish maritime history and his feat established Spain as a global naval power.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the post-Civil War banknote series issued by Banco de España dated 5 March 1948 ("Madrid 5 de Marzo de 1948" printed on the back). The series was issued during Franco's dictatorship and circulated during Spain's economic reconstruction period. The 100 pesetas denomination was printed by the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (the Spanish national mint and printing works) as indicated by the printer's mark at the bottom of the back. This design pairing Elcano with the Generalife was part of Spain's nationalist cultural programme under Franco, emphasising Spanish imperial and cultural heritage. The peseta remained Spain's currency until the euro adoption in 2002. Pick catalogue reference P-137 with multiple signature varieties documented for this series.


country: Suriname
currency: SRG
denomination: 25
series_range: 1985-2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004-01-01
predecessor_currency: Surinamese gulden (1940-1962)
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 158x71
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#e8d7a0,#a0522d
reverse_subject: Passiflora quadrangularis
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 138
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic, Latin
languages: ar,nl
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:20:33
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:20:33
front_description:
  The front depicts a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) at left center, with Arabic inscriptions identifying the issuing authority and denomination. The design features elaborate geometric guilloche patterns in purple and cream tones, with the central emblem showing a wreath encircling text. The note displays both Arabic numerals '25' and Latin script '25 Pt.' The serial number appears in red. This design element suggests a mismatched pair, as the Arabic text and camel imagery do not correspond to Surinamese banknote designs.

back_description:
  Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla), the national flower of Suriname, dominates the center of the reverse. The botanical illustration shows the distinctive blue and white passion flower with its characteristic corona filaments and complex floral structure. The species name 'PASSIFLORA QUADRANGULARIS' appears above the flowers. The denomination '5 VIJF GULDEN' is printed at lower right, with 'CENTRALE BANK VAN SURINAME' along the left margin. A circular seal reading 'CENTRALE BANK VAN SURINAME' appears at right. Multicolored geometric patterns in orange, yellow, blue, and green frame the design.

historical_notes:
  This note represents a mismatched pair. The front appears to be from a Mauritanian ouguiya note (likely 25 ouguiya, 1973-2004 series) featuring Arabic text, camel imagery, and the serial format consistent with Mauritanian issues. The back is definitively from a Surinamese 5 gulden note issued by the Centrale Bank van Suriname, likely from the 1991-2000 series featuring Passiflora quadrangularis. The Surinamese gulden (SRG) was the currency from 1940 to 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar at a rate of 1 dollar = 1,000 gulden due to hyperinflation. The Pick number P-138 corresponds to documented 25 gulden notes from Suriname's later gulden series, though the back shown is from a different denomination.


country: Suriname
currency: SRD
denomination: 5
series_name: Millennium series
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–2012
issue_year: 2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2012
predecessor_currency: Surinamese guilder
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
signatures: President: signature visible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Coat of arms of Suriname in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a373,#8b4513,#4682b4
reverse_subject: Anthracothorax viridigula hummingbird
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
commemorative_occasion: Millennium 2000
pick_number: 156
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:10
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:10
front_description:
  Campephilus rubricollis, the red-necked woodpecker, a species native to South American rainforests including Suriname. This large woodpecker inhabits lowland tropical forests and is depicted prominently as a representative of Suriname's rich biodiversity. The note bears the date '1 JANUARI 2000' marking the millennium. The coat of arms of Suriname appears at upper center, featuring two indigenous figures flanking a diamond-shaped shield with a ship, palm tree, and star.

back_description:
  Anthracothorax viridigula, the green-throated mango hummingbird, a species found in northeastern South America including Suriname. This hummingbird inhabits open woodland and gardens. The reverse also displays a traditional Maroon or indigenous art motif at left, representing Suriname's diverse cultural heritage. The back is dated '1 JANUARI 2000' and features the denomination '10' in the upper left corner.

historical_notes:
  This is the Suriname Dollar (SRD) millennium series introduced on 1 January 2000, replacing the Surinamese guilder at a rate of 1 SRD = 1,000 guilders during a currency reform to combat hyperinflation. The series featured native wildlife prominently, celebrating Suriname's natural heritage at the turn of the millennium. The 5-dollar note depicts the red-necked woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis) on the front and the green-throated mango hummingbird (Anthracothorax viridigula) on the reverse. These notes circulated until 2012 when a new series was introduced. The visible serial number format and millennium date confirm the January 2000 issue. This Pick reference P-156 is well-documented as part of the 2000 dated series.


country: Suriname
currency: Surinamese guilder
denomination: 10 gulden / 25 gulden
series_name: Millennium Series
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–2004
issue_year: 2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004-01-01
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
printer: Joh. Enschedé en Zonen
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x65
watermark: Central Bank logo in circular security patch at right
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, latent_image
color_palette: #8b4513,#90ee90,#4169e1
reverse_subject: Couroupita guianensis flower and native fauna
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture,architecture
commemorative_occasion: Year 2000 Millennium
pick_number: 148
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:30
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:30
front_description:
  Suzmania lingualis flower (wild banana relative) dominates the design at center, accompanied by modern architectural elements including the Centrale Bank building at left. The note features indigenous geometric patterns and insects. The denomination '10' appears at left, while 'TIEN GULDEN' is printed at lower right. This is part of the Millennium Series issued by the Central Bank of Suriname to mark the year 2000, celebrating Surinamese biodiversity and modernization.

back_description:
  Couroupita guianensis (cannonball tree flower) dominates the center of this 25 gulden reverse, one of Suriname's most spectacular native flowering trees. A bee and hummingbird appear alongside the flower, representing pollinators essential to the rainforest ecosystem. Indigenous geometric patterns in blue, orange, and red appear at right. The denomination '25' appears at left, with 'VIJF EN TWINTIG GULDEN' at lower right. Both sides celebrate Suriname's unique tropical biodiversity and cultural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This is a highly unusual double-denomination note from Suriname's Millennium Series (2000), with 10 gulden printed on the front and 25 gulden on the reverse. The series was issued by the Centrale Bank van Suriname to commemorate the year 2000 and celebrate the nation's natural heritage, featuring native flowers, fauna, and architectural landmarks. The Surinamese guilder (gulden) was replaced by the Surinamese dollar on January 1, 2004, at a rate of 1 dollar = 1000 guilders, making this series the final guilder issue. The note text includes 'NADRUK VERBODEN - SURINAAMS WETBOEK VAN STRAFRECHT - ARTIKEL 200' (reproduction forbidden under Surinamese Penal Code Article 200). The dual-denomination format is exceptionally rare in modern banknote design and reflects experimental approaches during the transition period before currency reform.


country: Suriname
currency: SRG
denomination: 25
series_name: Bird Series
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–2000
issue_year: 2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004
successor_currency: Surinamese Dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x66
security_features: thread,microprint
color_palette: #5b8fa8,#c45c5c,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Surinamese woman with fruit basket
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture,agriculture
pick_number: 148
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:33
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:33
front_description:
  White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus), a large frugivorous bird native to the Amazonian rainforests of South America including Suriname. The species is identified by the Latin name 'RAMPHASTOS TUCANUS' printed at bottom. This bird series was the final issue of the Surinamese Gulden before the 2004 currency reform. The coat of arms of Suriname appears at upper right with the motto 'Justitia Pietas Fides' (Justice, Piety, Faithfulness). Various stylized insects and aquatic motifs represent Suriname's rich biodiversity.

back_description:
  A Surinamese Creole woman in traditional dress carrying a basket of tropical fruits on her head, representing the agricultural heritage and cultural diversity of Suriname. The ornate guilloche patterns and sunburst design showcase traditional banknote engraving artistry. Note: This back image is from a DIFFERENT NOTE - a 10 Gulden dated 1 September 1963, printed by Joh. Enschedé en Zonen, not the matching back for the 25 Gulden 2000 front.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR: The front is a 25 Gulden from the 2000 'Bird Series' (P-148), the final series of the Surinamese Gulden featuring native wildlife. The back is from a 10 Gulden dated 1963 (P-121), part of an earlier series printed by Joh. Enschedé en Zonen of the Netherlands, as indicated by the printer's imprint. The Surinamese Gulden was replaced by the Surinamese Dollar at a rate of 1000:1 on 1 January 2004. The 2000 series was issued shortly before this demonetization and had limited circulation life.


country: Suriname
currency: SRG
denomination: 25
series_name: 1985 Issue
series_year: 1985
series_range: 1985-1991
issue_year: 1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004-01-01
predecessor_currency: Surinamese guilder (pre-1985 series)
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
issuer_native: Centrale Bank van Suriname
signatures: President; unidentified second signature
printer: Joh. Enschedé en Zonen
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x66
security_features: microprint,intaglio,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #c19a6b,#90ee90,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Historical sailing ships
themes: architecture,transport,maritime
pick_number: P-137b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:35
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:35
front_description:
  The Presidential Palace (Het Paleis) in Paramaribo, also known as the Government Palace or Paleis van de President. This neoclassical building with its distinctive colonnaded facade and flag-topped cupola has served as the official residence and workplace of the President of Suriname since independence in 1975. The building features elaborate architectural details including arched windows, balconies, and a symmetrical design typical of colonial Dutch architecture. The text at the bottom references the Surinamese Penal Code regarding counterfeiting: 'NEGEN JAREN TUCHTHUISSTRAF OF GELDBOETE VAN TEN HOOGSTE DRIEHONDERD GULDEN' (Nine years imprisonment or a fine of up to three hundred guilders).

back_description:
  Historical sailing ships representing Suriname's maritime heritage and colonial trading history. The date 'FEBRUARI 1988' indicates this specific printing date, while '1 NOVEMBER 1985' at bottom left indicates the series authorization date. The ships depicted are period vessels that would have connected Suriname to the Netherlands and participated in Atlantic trade during the colonial era. Text 'JOH ENSCHEDÉ EN ZONEN IMP' at bottom right identifies the Dutch security printer.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1985 issue series of the Surinamese guilder, introduced by the Centrale Bank van Suriname following the country's transition from Dutch colonial rule. The series was printed by Joh. Enschedé en Zonen, the renowned Dutch security printer. This specific note was printed in February 1988 as indicated by the date on the reverse, though it belongs to the series authorized in November 1985. The Surinamese guilder (SRG) was the currency from 1940 to 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar at a rate of 1 dollar = 1,000 guilders due to severe inflation. The serial number format (0449118126) is typical of this series. Pick reference P-137b corresponds to the 1985 series 25 guilder note with this specific signature combination and date.


country: Suriname
currency: Surinamese gulden
denomination: 10 gulden
issue_year: 1963
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
printer: Joh. Enschedé en Zonen
material: paper
watermark: Cockatoo head in left clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#deb887,#2f4f4f
reverse_subject: Tropical vegetation and palm trees
themes: indigenous_culture,mythology,wildlife
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:38
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:21:38
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Suriname flanked by two indigenous figures representing the country's native peoples. The coat of arms features a ship (representing Suriname's connection to the sea and trade), a diamond (symbolizing mineral wealth), a star, and palm trees, with the national motto 'JUSTITIA PIETAS FIDES' (Justice, Piety, Loyalty). The two indigenous warriors hold spears and stand as guardians of the nation, reflecting Suriname's pre-colonial heritage. Text at bottom reads 'SURINAAMS WETBOEK VAN STRAFRECHT' (Surinamese Criminal Code), indicating the note's legal-tender status under national law.

back_description:
  Tropical vegetation scene depicting Suriname's lush rainforest environment with palm trees and native plants. The design emphasizes the country's natural biodiversity and tropical landscape, which covers much of this former Dutch colony on the northern coast of South America. The date '1 FEBRUARI 1963' appears at right, marking the issue date. Text 'CENTRALE BANK VAN SURINAME' and 'VIJF EN TWINTIG GULDEN' (twenty-five gulden) appears, though this is the 10 gulden note and the back shows 25, suggesting this is a mismatched pair.

historical_notes:
  This is a 10 gulden note from Suriname issued February 1, 1963 by the Centrale Bank van Suriname, printed by the renowned Dutch security printer Joh. Enschedé en Zonen. The Surinamese gulden (also called florin) was the currency of Suriname from 1940 until 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar at a rate of 1 dollar = 1,000 gulden due to high inflation. Suriname remained a Dutch colony until 1975, and these notes from the 1960s reflect both Dutch colonial administrative influence and growing national identity. The text referencing the 'Surinaams Wetboek van Strafrecht' (Criminal Code) was a standard anti-counterfeiting warning on notes of this era. The serial number visible is LK061222. IMPORTANT FLAG: The back image shows '25' denomination while the front shows '10' denomination - this appears to be a mismatched pair of different notes photographed together.


country: Suriname
currency: SRD
denomination: 10
series_name: Millennium series
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–present
issue_year: 2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2004
predecessor_currency: Surinamese guilder
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
signatures: President: signature visible
printer: Joh. Enschedé
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x66
watermark: Toucan head in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8fbc8f
portrait_subject: Surinamese coat of arms with indigenous supporters
reverse_subject: Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona)
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife,statesman
commemorative_occasion: Millennium 2000
pick_number: 147
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:16
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:16
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Suriname flanked by two indigenous Surinamese figures representing the country's native peoples. The supporters hold spears and stand beside a shield featuring a sailing ship, diamond (representing mineral wealth), and a palm tree. The national motto appears below: 'JUSTITIA PIETAS FIDES' (Justice, Piety, Fidelity). This design honours Suriname's indigenous heritage and symbolises the nation's values at the turn of the millennium. The date '1 JANUARI 2000' marks this as a millennium commemorative issue.

back_description:
  Amazon kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona), a medium-sized green and chestnut kingfisher native to Central and South America including Suriname, shown in flight. The bird inhabits rivers and streams and is part of Suriname's rich biodiversity. The back also features decorative butterflies and tropical fish (Chaethorns superciliosus), celebrating the country's diverse fauna. The signature panel is marked 'PRESIDENT' with the date '1 JANUARI 2000'.

historical_notes:
  This 10 guilder note was issued by the Centrale Bank van Suriname on January 1, 2000, as part of a special millennium series. The series was short-lived, as Suriname underwent currency reform in 2004, replacing the guilder with the Surinamese dollar at a rate of 1000:1 due to hyperinflation. These millennium notes are distinguished by their date '1 JANUARI 2000' and are among the last guilder issues before demonetization. The design emphasizes Suriname's indigenous heritage and natural biodiversity, themes reflecting national pride at the turn of the century. Printed by the renowned Dutch security printer Joh. Enschedé, these notes feature advanced security elements for their time.


country: Suriname
currency: SRG
denomination: 100
series_name: 1985 Issue
series_range: 1985–1991
issue_year: 1985
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004-01-01
predecessor_currency: Surinamese gulden (pre-1985 series)
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar (SRD)
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
signatures: President: signature visible on back
printer: Joh. Enschedé en Zonen
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: Toucan head in clear field at center-right of front
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#e6d5b8
reverse_subject: Young Surinamese man with traditional colonial architecture of Paramaribo
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture,wildlife
pick_number: 133
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:17
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:17
front_description:
  Plumeria rubra (frangipani flower), the national flower of Suriname, depicted with a sunbird (likely a hummingbird species native to Suriname). The design emphasizes the tropical biodiversity of Suriname with detailed botanical illustration of the white and pink petals. The seal of the Centrale Bank van Suriname appears at right. Denomination '100 HONDERD GULDEN' prominently displayed with Dutch text 'NADRUK VERBODEN' (reproduction forbidden) and reference to Suriname's criminal code.

back_description:
  Portrait of a young Surinamese man at left, representing the diverse indigenous and creole population of Suriname. The background features colonial-era architecture of Paramaribo, the capital city, showing the historic wooden buildings that characterize the UNESCO World Heritage city center. Rice stalks and a wreath frame the central watermark area, symbolizing Suriname's agricultural economy. Date printed as '8 JANUARI 1985' (8 January 1985). Text at top reads 'TWEE HONDERD VIJFTIG GULDEN' with denomination '250' visible in ornamental design.

historical_notes:
  This 100 gulden note belongs to the 1985 series issued by the Centrale Bank van Suriname following the country's independence from the Netherlands in 1975. The series was printed by Joh. Enschedé en Zonen of the Netherlands, the renowned security printer. This series circulated from 1985 until the introduction of the Surinamese dollar (SRD) in 2004, when the gulden was replaced at a rate of 1 SRD = 1,000 SRG due to severe inflation. The design reflects Suriname's multicultural heritage, tropical environment, and colonial architectural legacy. The date '8 JANUARI 1985' is clearly printed on the back, establishing the precise issue date. Serial number AB290296 indicates this is from an early print run of the series.


country: Suriname
currency: Surinamese gulden
denomination: 25 gulden
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2004-01-01
successor_currency: Surinamese dollar
issuer: Centrale Bank van Suriname
signatures: President: signature visible
printer: Joh. Enschedé en Zonen
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x66
watermark: Toucan head in clear field at left
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#90ee90,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Indigenous woman in traditional ceremonial dress
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: 128
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: nl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:17
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:17
front_description:
  The Presidential Palace (Onafhankelijkheidsplein) in Paramaribo, Suriname's seat of government. Built between 1730 and 1911, this colonial-era building has served as the residence of the president of Suriname since independence in 1975. The palace is depicted in green engraving in the center of the note, surrounded by decorative guilloche patterns and the denomination 25 in multiple places. Text at bottom reads 'SURINAAMS WETBOEK VAN STRAFRECHT' (Suriname Penal Code) with legal warnings about counterfeiting in Dutch.

back_description:
  An indigenous Surinamese woman in traditional ceremonial dress and elaborate feathered headdress, representing the diverse indigenous cultures of Suriname including the Arawak, Carib, and other native peoples. The woman wears traditional jewelry and white garments, positioned at right with a rising sun motif at center. Date '1 SEPTEMBER 1985' printed at bottom left, with 'PRESIDENT' signature line at center. Text identifies printer as 'JOH ENSCHEDÉ EN ZONEN IMP' (Joh. Enschedé en Zonen, the Dutch security printer) and 'C.A.MECHELSE.DEL' (designer C.A. Mechelse) at bottom.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the gulden currency system used in Suriname from Dutch colonial times through independence (1975) until replacement by the Surinamese dollar in 2004 at a rate of 1,000 gulden = 1 dollar due to inflation. The 1985 series was issued under President Dési Bouterse's military government. The serial number format '0447200091' places this note within the standard production run. Joh. Enschedé en Zonen of Haarlem, Netherlands, was the primary printer of Surinamese currency during this period. The front depicts the Presidential Palace with legal text from the Suriname Penal Code warning against counterfeiting, forgery, and fraudulent use of banknotes. Designer C.A. Mechelse created this series celebrating both colonial architecture and indigenous heritage. No documented serial-year encoding is known for Centrale Bank van Suriname notes of this era.


country: Sweden
currency: SEK
denomination: 20 Kronor
series_name: Sixth series
series_range: 1997-2013
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2016-06-30
successor_currency: Swedish Krona (new series 2015-2016)
issuer: Sveriges Riksbank
printer: Tumba Bruk
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x67
watermark: Portrait of Astrid Lindgren
security_features: thread, hologram, microprint, see_through_register, latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7ba8,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Astrid Lindgren
reverse_subject: Pippi Longstocking
themes: writer,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 63
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: sv
value_currency: SEK
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:34
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:34
front_description:
  Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002), Swedish author of children's literature and creator of Pippi Longstocking. She is one of the world's most translated authors, having written over 100 books including the beloved Pippi Longstocking series, Emil of Lönneberga, and Karlsson-on-the-Roof. The front features a blank portrait space (intended for watermark visibility) surrounded by vignettes representing Swedish childhood, nature and rural life, including a hornbill bird, flora, children at play, and agricultural workers. The denomination 250 appears prominently, though this is a 20 kronor note (the large numerals are decorative design elements; the actual denomination is clearly stated as 'TJUGO KRONOR' meaning 'twenty kronor').

back_description:
  Portrait of Astrid Lindgren and a depiction of her most famous character, Pippi Longstocking, shown as a young girl carrying a suitcase and a small horse, representing scenes from the beloved children's books. Pippi is shown in her characteristic style with braided hair standing out, embodying the independent, strong-willed character that has captivated generations of children worldwide. The text 'TJUGO KRONOR' (twenty kronor) appears prominently, along with 'ASTRID LINDGREN' identifying the subject.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the sixth series of Swedish banknotes issued by Sveriges Riksbank from 1997 to 2013, featuring prominent Swedish cultural figures. The series was designed by Cecilia Lindgren and Oscar Reutersvärd. This 20 kronor note honors Astrid Lindgren, selected to represent Swedish children's literature and culture. The series was gradually withdrawn starting in 2016 and demonetized on June 30, 2017, replaced by a new series featuring landscapes and cultural motifs. The confusing '250' numerals on the front are decorative design elements incorporating indigenous patterns and geometric motifs; the actual denomination is 20 kronor as clearly stated in text. These notes remain popular with collectors due to Lindgren's international fame.


country: Switzerland
currency: CHF
denomination: 20
series_name: Eighth series
series_year: 1995
series_range: 1995–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2021-04-30
issuer: Swiss National Bank
issuer_native: Banque Nationale Suisse / Banca Nazionale Svizzera
printer: Orell Füssli Security Printing
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 137x74
watermark: Portrait of Le Corbusier visible in clear field at right
security_features: thread, hologram, microprint, uv, intaglio, optically_variable_ink, see_through_register
color_palette: #f4d03f,#8b4513,#9370db
portrait_subject: Le Corbusier
reverse_subject: Architectural elements and geometric forms representing Le Corbusier's modernist design philosophy
themes: architect, artist, modernism, architecture
pick_number: P-69
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,it,de
value_currency: CHF
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:42
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:22:42
front_description:
  Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, 1887–1965), Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, and one of the pioneers of modern architecture. Known for his influential contributions to the International Style, his works include the Villa Savoye, the Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut at Ronchamp, and urban planning theories embodied in the Radiant City concept. The note features a stylized landscape with flowering plants (likely reflecting his integration of nature and built environment) and a map of Sweden at right, representing his international influence. Le Corbusier is honoured on this note as one of the most important architects of the 20th century and a key figure in Swiss cultural heritage.

back_description:
  Architectural elements celebrating Le Corbusier's modernist design philosophy, including geometric shapes, the Modulor proportional system he developed based on human measurements and the golden ratio, and a Swiss cross symbol. The text identifies him by name with dates 1887–1965. The design incorporates abstract geometric forms in yellow, orange, and earth tones, characteristic of his use of primary colors and geometric rationalism. The inscription notes that banknotes are protected by criminal law in French, German, and Italian.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Swiss National Bank's eighth series, designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer and issued between 1995 and 1998. The series was notable for its abstract, modernist aesthetic and vertical format, breaking with traditional Swiss banknote design. Each denomination honoured a significant Swiss cultural figure; the 20-franc note featured Le Corbusier. The series was in circulation until replaced by the ninth series, with the 20-franc note officially withdrawn on April 30, 2021. The serial number B370926418 follows the standard Swiss format with prefix letter and numerical sequence. This series represented a bold departure in Swiss currency design, reflecting late 20th-century artistic movements while maintaining Switzerland's reputation for security features and printing quality.


country: Syria
currency: SYP
denomination: 500
series_name: Issue of 2013
series_year: 2013
series_range: 2013–present
issue_year: 2013
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Central Bank of Syria
issuer_native: مصرف سورية المركزي
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x70
security_features: thread,microprint,geometric_pattern
color_palette: #a8b89d,#8b9d7d,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Damascus Opera House
themes: agriculture,industry,architecture
pick_number: 115
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Arabic
languages: en,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:16
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:16
front_description:
  Agricultural and industrial workers depicted in a scene celebrating Syria's productive economy. The composition shows workers with cotton plants, symbolizing Syria's important cotton industry, alongside industrial buildings representing manufacturing. The scene emphasizes the unity of agricultural and industrial labor, reflecting the Ba'athist economic ideology of the Syrian Arab Republic during this period.

back_description:
  Damascus Opera House (Dar al-Assad lil-Funun, also known as Assad House for the Arts), a major cultural center in Damascus opened in 2004. The building represents Syria's investment in cultural infrastructure and modern architecture. The opera house was designed to host symphonic concerts, ballet, opera, and other performing arts, serving as a symbol of Syria's cultural ambitions before and during the civil war period.

historical_notes:
  This 500 Syrian pound note belongs to the series introduced in 2013 by the Central Bank of Syria (مصرف سورية المركزي). The note was issued during the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, during a period of severe economic disruption and hyperinflation. The visible date on the back is 1434 AH (Hijri calendar) corresponding to 2013 CE. The serial number format shows prefix 'B/01' followed by '9510969'. The series continued the pre-war design themes celebrating Syria's agricultural and industrial sectors while featuring prominent Damascus landmarks. Despite the ongoing conflict, these notes remained in circulation as legal tender. The denomination of 500 pounds, once significant, lost considerable purchasing power due to war-related inflation.


country: Syria
currency: SYP
denomination: 100
series_name: Issue of 1990
series_year: 1990
series_range: 1990–1998
issue_year: 1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2009
issuer: Central Bank of Syria
issuer_native: مصرف سورية المركزي
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 160x75
watermark: Bust of Philip the Arab in oval at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark,security_thread
color_palette: #c19a6b,#d4af37,#cd853f
reverse_subject: Bosra Roman Theatre and statue from Shahba
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 104
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:17
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:18
front_description:
  The Bosra Roman Theatre, one of the best-preserved Roman theatres in the world, located in southern Syria and built in the 2nd century CE during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan. The theatre could seat approximately 15,000 spectators and remains a UNESCO World Heritage site. Also depicted is a commemorative coin and traditional Syrian architectural elements including a minaret with Islamic geometric patterns.

back_description:
  The Roman Theatre at Bosra shown from the stage perspective with its semicircular seating arrangement (cavea) and scaenae frons (stage building). At right is a statue from ancient Philippopolis (modern Shahba), depicting a classical draped figure, likely from the collection of the archaeological museum at Shahba. The city of Shahba was the birthplace of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab (Marcus Julius Philippus, ruled 244–249 CE) who commissioned significant building works there. The back features Arabic calligraphy and Islamic geometric patterns.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Syria's 1990 banknote series issued by the Central Bank of Syria (Banque Centrale de Syrie / مصرف سورية المركزي). The series prominently featured Syria's rich archaeological heritage, with this 100 Syrian Pound note showcasing the Roman Theatre at Bosra, one of the finest examples of Roman provincial architecture. The note includes the Hijri date 1413 (1991–1992 CE) and commemorates Syria's position as a crossroads of ancient civilizations. The watermark depicts Philip the Arab (Marcus Julius Philippus), the only Roman emperor of Arab origin, born in Shahba circa 204 CE. This series was gradually replaced by newer issues from the late 1990s onward, with most notes of this design withdrawn from circulation by the 2000s.


country: Switzerland
currency: CHF
denomination: 10
series_name: Eighth series
series_year: 1995
series_range: 1995–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Swiss National Bank
issuer_native: Schweizerische Nationalbank / Banque Nationale Suisse / Banca Naziunala Svizra
printer: Orell Füssli Security Printing
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 126x70
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, optically_variable_ink, uv
color_palette: #f4a460,#87ceeb,#fa8072
portrait_subject: Le Corbusier
reverse_subject: Bosra Roman Theatre
themes: architect,architecture
pick_number: 66
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: de,fr,it,rm,ar
value_currency: CHF
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:18
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:18
front_description:
  Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, 1887–1965), Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer, one of the pioneers of modern architecture. The front features his portrait alongside abstract geometric elements and the Swiss cross, with interwoven colored ribbons representing DNA strands. Le Corbusier is honored on this note for his revolutionary contributions to 20th-century architecture and his influence on urban planning worldwide, including his modular system and iconic buildings like the Villa Savoye and Unité d'Habitation.

back_description:
  The Roman Theatre at Bosra, Syria, one of the best-preserved Roman theaters in the world, dating from the 2nd century CE. Built during the reign of Emperor Trajan, it could seat approximately 15,000 spectators and features exceptional acoustics. The theater is framed by the arched structure of the medieval citadel that later enclosed it. This architectural marvel represents Le Corbusier's interest in classical proportions and ancient architecture, which influenced his modernist principles.

historical_notes:
  This is the eighth series of Swiss banknotes, designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer and introduced in 1995 to replace the sixth series (the seventh series was never issued). The series features Swiss cultural figures on the front and their thematic connections on the reverse. The 10-franc note honors Le Corbusier and his architectural legacy. The series incorporates advanced security features including see-through registers (the Swiss cross visible from both sides), optically variable ink, microprinting, and UV-reactive elements. These notes remain legal tender alongside the newer ninth series introduced starting in 2016. The date printed on the note is 1440 AH (Anno Hegirae, 2019 CE in the Islamic calendar), indicating this is a later printing within the series. Serial number format includes prefix and suffix letters with numerical sequence.


country: Syria
currency: SYP
denomination: 500
series_name: Modernized series
series_year: 2013
series_range: 2013–present
issue_year: 2013
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Central Bank of Syria
issuer_native: مصرف سورية المركزي
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x75
security_features: hologram,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #d4af7a,#87ceeb,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Citadel of Aleppo
themes: architecture,ancient_history
pick_number: 110
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic and Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:20
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:20
front_description:
  Ancient Roman mosaic from Shahba (ancient Philippopolis), depicting a musical scene with figures playing the lyre and other instruments. This mosaic dates from the 3rd century CE and represents the rich cultural heritage of Roman Syria; Shahba was built as the birthplace of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244–249 CE). The mosaic scene illustrates the Hellenistic-Roman cultural synthesis that characterized the region. The note features Islamic geometric patterns in blue and a holographic patch with star motif.

back_description:
  The Citadel of Aleppo (Qal'at Halab), one of the oldest and largest castles in the world, sitting atop a tell (artificial mound) that has been occupied since at least the 3rd millennium BCE. The current structure dates primarily from the Ayyubid period (12th–13th centuries CE) under rulers including al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin. The citadel's massive glacis and monumental entrance gate are iconic features of medieval Islamic military architecture. This UNESCO World Heritage site has suffered extensive damage during the Syrian Civil War but remains a powerful symbol of Syria's ancient and medieval history.

historical_notes:
  This 500 Syrian Pounds note belongs to the modernized series introduced by the Central Bank of Syria in 2013, bearing the printed year '2013' in both Western and Eastern Arabic numerals. The series was issued during the ongoing Syrian Civil War and reflects the government's attempt to maintain monetary stability amid conflict. The front features a Roman-era mosaic from Shahba (Philippopolis), honoring Syria's classical heritage, while the back depicts the Citadel of Aleppo, one of Syria's most iconic historical monuments. The Arabic text on the back includes 'مصرف سورية المركزي' (Central Bank of Syria) and signatures with titles. The note employs modern security features including holographic patches, geometric see-through register elements, and microprinting. Despite wartime economic challenges and hyperinflation, this denomination remains in circulation as legal tender.


country: Syria
currency: SYP
denomination: 50
series_year: 2021
series_range: 2021–present
issue_year: 2021
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2021
issuer: Central Bank of Syria
issuer_native: مصرف سورية المركزي
signatures: Governor: signatures visible on back but names not fully legible from image
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
security_features: hologram, microprint, latent_image, optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d4c5a3,#8b9baa,#c89664
portrait_subject: Yusuf al-Azma
reverse_subject: Al-Nouri Mosque and Noria waterwheel of Hama
themes: military,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 113
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Arabic
languages: en,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:41
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:23:41
front_description:
  Yusuf al-Azma (1883–1920), Syrian Minister of War and military hero who died defending Damascus at the Battle of Maysalun against French colonial forces in 1920. The statue depicted stands in Damascus as a monument to Syrian independence. Al-Azma is revered as a martyr of Arab nationalism and Syrian sovereignty; his defiant stand against the French mandate remains a symbol of Syrian resistance and national pride.

back_description:
  Al-Nouri Mosque (also known as the Great Nouri Mosque) in Hama, one of Syria's most significant historical mosques, alongside one of the famous Norias (waterwheels) of Hama. These ancient wooden waterwheels, some dating to the Byzantine era, were used for centuries to lift water from the Orontes River for irrigation. The Norias are iconic symbols of Hama and Syrian engineering heritage, representing the historical agricultural prosperity of the region.

historical_notes:
  This 50-pound note was issued by the Central Bank of Syria in 2021, as indicated by the printed date '1442 هـ – 2021 م' (Hijri and Gregorian calendars) on the reverse. The note is part of Syria's current currency series, continuing the Syrian pound (lira) which has been in circulation since 1919 with various reforms and redenominations. The 2021 series reflects modern security features while maintaining traditional Syrian cultural and historical imagery. Yusuf al-Azma's portrait reinforces themes of national sovereignty and resistance to foreign occupation, particularly significant given Syria's complex modern history. The Hama Norias on the reverse celebrate Syria's ancient technological achievements and agricultural heritage.


country: Tajikistan
currency: TJS
denomination: 1
series_name: First Tajik Ruble series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–1995
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Soviet Ruble
successor_currency: Tajikistani Somoni
issuer: National Bank of Tajikistan
issuer_native: Бонки миллии Чумҳурии Тоҷикистон
material: paper
watermark: Ornamental rosette pattern in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4b896,#a67c52,#c85a54
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Tajikistan
themes: statesman,architecture,agriculture
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: tg,ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:16
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:16
front_description:
  The Parliament building in Dushanbe (Majlisi Oli), seat of the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan, shown within an ornamental frame topped by the national flag with its red, white, and green horizontal stripes and crown emblem. The building served as the main legislative structure after Tajikistan's independence in 1991. Text in Tajik and Russian identifies the issuing authority.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Tajikistan, adopted after independence in 1992, featuring a crown, cotton bolls, wheat stalks, mountains representing the Pamir range, an open book symbolizing knowledge, and a rising sun with rays—all elements representing the nation's agricultural heritage, natural resources, and aspirations. The denomination '100 рубл' (100 rubles) appears at center, with the year 1994 printed at right.

historical_notes:
  The Tajikistani Ruble was introduced in May 1995 as the first national currency following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, though this note bears the 1994 series date. It replaced the Soviet Ruble and circulated during a period of severe civil war (1992–1997) and hyperinflation. The currency was issued by the National Bank of Tajikistan (Бонки миллии Чумҳурии Тоҷикистон). Due to devastating inflation, the Ruble was replaced by the Somoni in October 2000 at a rate of 1 Somoni = 1000 Rubles. This 1 Ruble note is from the first series of independent Tajikistan's currency and represents the transition period from Soviet to independent monetary systems. Text appears in both Cyrillic Tajik and Russian, reflecting the multilingual nature of the newly independent republic.


country: Tajikistan
currency: TJS
denomination: 100
series_name: First Tajik ruble series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–2000
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000-10-30
predecessor_currency: Russian ruble
successor_currency: Somoni
issuer: National Bank of Tajikistan
issuer_native: Бонки миллии Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 134x63
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #f5e6d3,#cd853f,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Parliament building with Tajik flag
themes: architecture,statesman
pick_number: 6a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: tg,ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:31
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:31
front_description:
  The Parliament building of Tajikistan in Dushanbe, topped with the national flag of Tajikistan (red, white, and green horizontal stripes with a crown and stars emblem). The Majlisi Oli (Supreme Assembly) building was the seat of the newly independent republic's legislature from 1991. The building represents Tajikistan's sovereignty following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, during the tumultuous early years of state-building and civil conflict.

back_description:
  This note does not belong to the front image. The back shows a portrait of Abeid Amani Karume (1905–1972), first President of Zanzibar and first Vice President of Tanzania after the union in 1964. Karume was a key figure in the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 and led the merger with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. This is a 500 Tanzanian shilling note issued by the Bank of Tanzania.

historical_notes:
  The front depicts a Tajik 100 ruble note from the first national currency series issued in 1994 by the National Bank of Tajikistan, following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The Tajik ruble (TJR) replaced the Russian ruble at par and circulated during a period of hyperinflation and civil war (1992–1997). The currency was replaced by the somoni on October 30, 2000, at a rate of 1 somoni = 1,000 Tajik rubles. The back image is mismatched: it shows a 500 Tanzanian shilling note (Pick-35) from Tanzania's 2003 series, featuring Abeid Amani Karume. Serial number BE1755115 on the Tanzanian note does not correspond to the Tajik note's serial AT 3916385.


country: Thailand
currency: Baht
denomination: 10
series_name: 10th Series
series_range: 1969-1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#2f1f1a
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: Royal Ploughing Ceremony with sacred oxen
themes: monarch,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script
languages: th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:40
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:40
front_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (1927–2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand's Chakri dynasty who reigned from 1946 to 2016, making him the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. His portrait shows him in formal military uniform with glasses, representing his role as a modernizing force who promoted agricultural development, rural infrastructure, and sustainable resource management throughout his reign. The Garuda emblem, Thailand's national symbol, appears at upper left and right.

back_description:
  The Royal Ploughing Ceremony (Raek Na Khwan), an ancient Brahmin ritual marking the beginning of the rice-growing season, conducted annually in Thailand since the Sukhothai period. The scene depicts the ceremonial first ploughing with sacred white oxen, a tradition presided over by the king or his representative to ensure agricultural prosperity. This ceremony reflects Thailand's agrarian heritage and the monarchy's historic role as guarantor of the kingdom's fertility and abundance.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Thailand's 10th series, issued during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1969 and circulated through the 1970s, featuring the young king who had ascended the throne in 1946. The 10 baht denomination was a mid-value note in this series. The Royal Ploughing Ceremony motif emphasizes the monarch's traditional role in ensuring agricultural success, a theme that resonated strongly during this period of Thailand's development. The serial number format with Thai numerals (๙ ๗ ๑๔๖๕๖๐๖) and prefix '๙ ง' is characteristic of Bank of Thailand notes from this era. No known public serial-year encoding has been documented for this issuer's 10th series.


country: Syria
currency: SYP
denomination: 200
series_year: 2009
issue_year: 2009
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Central Bank of Syria
issuer_native: المصرف المركزي السوري
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Geometric rosette pattern in clear field at right
security_features: hologram,microprint,see_through_register,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#f5e6d3,#8b6f47
themes: architecture
pick_number: 114
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Arabic
languages: en,ar
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:41
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:41
front_description:
  Decorative Islamic geometric floral rosette pattern at center, a hallmark of Syrian and broader Levantine architectural ornamentation found in mosques, palaces, and traditional buildings throughout the region. The design features a circular medallion with radiating petals and intricate geometric borders, representing the rich artistic heritage of Syrian Islamic art. The note displays '200' denominations in multiple corners with 'CENTRAL BANK OF SYRIA' and 'TWO HUNDRED SYRIAN POUNDS' in English, along with Arabic text. A holographic security patch with geometric pattern appears at center-right.

back_description:
  The back image appears to be from a different note entirely — a Tajikistani 1 Ruble note from 1994, identifiable by the Cyrillic text 'БОНКИ МИЛЛИИ ЧУМХУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН' (National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan), the denomination '1 Рубл' (1 Ruble), serial number 'АЛ 1824686', and the date '1994' visible in the guilloche pattern. This is clearly not the reverse of the Syrian 200 Pounds note shown in the front image.

historical_notes:
  CRITICAL MISMATCH: The front and back images are from completely different banknotes from different countries and eras. The front is a Syrian 200 Pounds note issued by the Central Bank of Syria, bearing the date 2009 (visible as '2009' in small text at top right). This note is part of Syria's modern currency series introduced in the 2000s with enhanced security features. The back image is a Tajikistani 1 Ruble note from 1994, issued during Tajikistan's brief use of the Russian ruble before introducing its own somoni currency. These images do not form a matching pair and cannot be catalogued as a single note. The Syrian 200 Pounds note (P-114) was introduced in 2009 and remains legal tender, featuring traditional Islamic geometric art rather than portraiture, consistent with Syrian currency design preferences.


country: Tanzania
currency: TZS
denomination: 500
series_range: 1989–1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: East African shilling
issuer: Bank of Tanzania
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Giraffe head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#2d2d2d
reverse_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand
themes: education,architecture,monarch
pick_number: 26
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script (front), Thai script (back)
languages: en,sw,th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:42
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:24:42
front_description:
  School scene depicting education in Tanzania, showing a traditional Tanzanian school building with curved roof architecture and a group of students in uniform. The design emphasizes Tanzania's commitment to education and community development following independence. The traditional geometric patterns in the borders reflect indigenous Tanzanian textile and craft traditions.

back_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand (1927–2016), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty. This appears to be a mismatched pair: the back shows a Thai banknote (10 Baht) featuring King Bhumibol in military dress uniform with medals and decorations, while the front is clearly a Tanzanian 500 Shillings note. The Thai note is from the Series 14 issued during the 1990s.

historical_notes:
  The front is a Tanzanian 500 Shillings note from the 1989–1993 series (Pick 26), issued by the Bank of Tanzania. This series was introduced following Tanzania's economic reforms in the late 1980s. The design emphasizes education and traditional architecture as symbols of national development. However, the back image is NOT from the same note—it shows a Thai 10 Baht note featuring King Bhumibol Adulyadej in military uniform, part of Thailand's Series 14 banknotes issued in the 1990s. These are two entirely different banknotes from different countries. The Tanzanian 500 Shillings was demonetized in 1997 when Tanzania introduced a new currency series.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 20
series_name: 9th series
series_range: 1971-1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#2f4f4f,#d4a574
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V)
themes: monarch,statesman,military
pick_number: 88
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script with Arabic numerals
languages: th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:19
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:19
front_description:
  Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, reigned 1868-1910), the fifth monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty and one of Thailand's most revered kings. King Chulalongkorn modernized Siam, abolished slavery, reformed the government and military, and preserved Thai independence during the colonial era. The statue depicted is the Royal Plaza Monument in Bangkok, erected in 1908.

back_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927-2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand's Chakri dynasty who reigned from 1946 to 2016, making him the world's longest-reigning monarch at the time of his death. He is shown wearing military uniform with decorations and glasses. Bhumibol was deeply revered in Thailand for his development projects, moral authority, and dedication to his people throughout seven decades of rule.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 9th series of Thai banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1971 and circulated through 1988, featuring portraits of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the back and various historical and cultural subjects on the front. The 20 baht denomination features the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn, honoring the modernizing monarch who preserved Thai sovereignty. Serial number 8H0401219 visible on back; Thai numerals also used. This series represents the transition period in Thai currency design before polymer notes. The Garuda emblem (mythical bird of Hindu-Buddhist tradition and symbol of royal authority) appears prominently on both sides.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 10
series_name: Ninth Series
series_range: 1969-1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x68
watermark: Portrait of King Bhumibol Adulyadej in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#000000
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: King Naresuan on elephant back in combat
themes: monarch,military,commemorative
pick_number: P-83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script
languages: th
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:21
front_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX, 1927–2016), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty of Thailand. He is the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history and deeply revered as the father of modern Thailand, overseeing the country's development through decades of political and economic transformation. The Garuda, the national emblem of Thailand, appears in the upper right corner.

back_description:
  King Naresuan the Great (1555–1605) mounted on a war elephant in single combat, depicting the famous 1593 Battle of Nong Sarai where he fought and defeated the Burmese crown prince in elephant-back duel, a pivotal moment in Thai history that secured Ayutthaya independence from Burma. Naresuan is among the most celebrated warrior kings in Thai history, known for liberating Siam from Burmese vassalage.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Ninth Series issued by the Bank of Thailand from 1969 to 1978, the first series to feature King Bhumibol Adulyadej as the primary portrait subject on all denominations. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company of London. The reverse celebrates King Naresuan's legendary military prowess and is part of Thailand's tradition of honouring historical monarchs on currency. This 10 baht denomination was widely circulated during the 1970s and is now withdrawn from circulation but remains a popular collector's item representing the modern era of Thai banknote design.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 10
series_name: Series 9
series_range: 1969-1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x78
watermark: Portrait of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#000000
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall
themes: monarch,architecture
pick_number: 83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script
languages: th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:21
front_description:
  Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, a magnificent Italian Renaissance-style royal reception hall within Dusit Palace, Bangkok. Completed in 1915 under King Rama V, the building served as the first permanent house of parliament of Thailand (1932-1974) and now hosts state ceremonies and the Arts of the Kingdom Museum. The hall's name means 'Hall of the Assembled Heavens' and features a distinctive cruciform plan with a central dome.

back_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. Born in 1927 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he ascended to the throne following the death of his brother King Ananda Mahidol. Revered as the 'Father of the Nation,' he was known for his dedication to rural development projects and his role as a unifying figure in Thai society. The Garuda emblem of Thailand appears at left.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Series 9 (Ninth Series) of Thai banknotes issued during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1969 and circulated until 1978, when it was replaced by Series 10. This was the first series to feature the young King Bhumibol Adulyadej's portrait consistently across all denominations after his coronation in 1950. The 10 baht note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in the United Kingdom, as were most Thai banknotes of this era. The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall on the front symbolizes Thai sovereignty and constitutional monarchy. The series used traditional Thai architectural and royal motifs throughout. These notes are now demonetized but remain popular with collectors as they represent an important period in modern Thai monetary history.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 10
series_name: 9th Series
series_range: 1969-1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1978
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
signatures: Governor: Puey Ungphakorn
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: Portrait of King Bhumibol Adulyadej in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#2f1a0f
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: King Taksin the Great on horseback
themes: monarch,military,statesman
pick_number: P-83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai
languages: th
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:28
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:28
front_description:
  King Taksin the Great (1734–1782) on horseback, the warrior king who liberated Siam from Burmese occupation in 1767 and established Thonburi as the new capital. He reunified the kingdom after the fall of Ayutthaya and ruled 1767–1782, honored as one of the five great kings of Thailand. The Garuda emblem, royal symbol of Thailand, appears at upper right.

back_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927–2016), the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty, who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the longest-serving head of state in the world. He appears in formal military dress uniform with decorations. On the left is a traditional Thai guardian statue (yaksha). This portrait design was used throughout the 9th Series issued during his reign.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Thailand's 9th Series, issued from 1969 to 1978 during the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue and featured King Taksin the Great on the 10 baht denomination, honoring his role in restoring Thai independence. The reverse consistently depicted King Bhumibol across all denominations of this series. The note bears serial number 2D9178611 / ๒ ก ๕๒๘๕๖๖, with Thai numeral serial ๒ ก ๕๒๘๕๖๖ on the back. Governor Puey Ungphakorn served as Governor of the Bank of Thailand from 1959 to 1971, which helps date this note to approximately 1969–1971. The 9th Series was replaced by the 10th Series beginning in 1978.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 20
series_name: Ninth series
series_range: 1971-1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: Portrait of King Rama IX in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d2b48c,#2f4f2f
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: King Ramkhamhaeng the Great
themes: monarch,statesman,military
pick_number: 88
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script
languages: th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:43
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:25:43
front_description:
  King Ramkhamhaeng the Great (c. 1237/1238–1298), third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty and founder of the first Thai kingdom of Sukhothai. Depicted as a warrior on horseback wielding a sword, he is credited with creating the Thai alphabet in 1283, expanding the kingdom through military campaigns, and establishing Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. He is one of only seven Thai monarchs honoured with the title 'the Great' and remains a defining figure in Thai national identity and culture.

back_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927–2016), ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty, who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the longest-serving head of state in the world. He is depicted in military dress uniform with decorations. During his reign, he became deeply revered in Thailand for his development projects, moral authority, and role in national unity through periods of political turbulence. His portrait has appeared on virtually all Thai banknotes issued during his reign.

historical_notes:
  This 20 baht note belongs to the ninth series of Thai banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand between 1971 and 1988 under the reign of King Rama IX. The series features various Thai historical kings on the front and the portrait of the reigning King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the reverse. The Garuda emblem, the national symbol of Thailand representing the vehicle of the Hindu god Vishnu and adopted as the royal seal, appears prominently. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in London. Serial number format and prefix suggest this is a standard circulation note from the series. This design remained in circulation until being gradually replaced by later series in the 1990s and 2000s.


country: Thailand
currency: THB
denomination: 50
series_name: Twelfth series
series_range: 1985-1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997
issuer: Bank of Thailand
issuer_native: ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย
signatures: Governor signature visible; Finance Minister signature visible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x72
watermark: Portrait of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #8b6f47,#4a5f7a,#d4af37
portrait_subject: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
reverse_subject: Equestrian statue of King Taksin the Great
themes: monarch,military,statesman
pick_number: P-93
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Thai script
languages: th
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:19
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:19
front_description:
  King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (1927–2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty, who reigned from 1946 until his death in 2016, making him the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. He is revered for his development projects and is deeply honoured on Thai currency throughout his reign.

back_description:
  Equestrian statue of King Taksin the Great (1734–1782), who liberated Siam from Burmese occupation after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 and established Thonburi as the new capital. The statue, located in Thonburi, Bangkok, depicts him mounted on horseback with sword raised, commemorating his role as a military leader and founder of the Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782). Taksin is honoured as one of the great warrior kings in Thai history.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the twelfth series of Thai baht banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand during the reign of King Rama IX, circulated from 1985 to 1996. The series features King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the obverse across all denominations. The 50 baht note specifically depicts the equestrian statue of King Taksin on the reverse, honoring this 18th-century warrior king who reunified Siam. The series was eventually replaced by the thirteenth series in 1996-1997. These notes were printed on cotton-based paper with traditional security features including watermarks, security threads, and fine intaglio printing. The twelfth series is no longer legal tender but remains widely collected.


country: Transnistria
currency: Transnistrian ruble
denomination: 10
series_name: First series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994-2000
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Transnistrian ruble (2000 series)
issuer: Pridnestrovian Republican Bank
issuer_native: ПРИДНИЕСТРОВСКИЙ БАНКЪ
signatures: A.V. Suvorov signature printed at lower right
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b0000,#daa520,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Alexander Suvorov
themes: military,statesman
pick_number: 17
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:37
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:37
front_description:
  Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800), Russian military commander and Generalissimo who is considered one of the greatest military leaders in Russian history. He won all 63 battles he commanded and was never defeated, serving under Catherine the Great and Paul I. Suvorov is particularly honoured in Transnistria as his forces captured the Turkish fortress of Tighina (Bender) in 1789 during the Russo-Turkish War, a key event in the region's history. The note features his portrait in military uniform with medals.

back_description:
  The back of this Transnistrian 10 rubles note displays text in Russian Cyrillic identifying the denomination (КУPON / 10 РУБЛЕЙ - Coupon / 10 Rubles) and the issuing authority (ПРИДНИЕСТРОВСКИЙ БАНКЪ - Pridnestrovian Bank). The serial number АБ 2851331 appears at left, with the date 1994 below it. Decorative guilloche patterns in rainbow colors provide security features.

historical_notes:
  This is part of the first currency series issued by the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) following its 1990 declaration of independence from Moldova. The 1994 series replaced Soviet rubles and circulated until being replaced by a new ruble series in 2000. The choice of Alexander Suvorov reflects both Russian military heritage and his specific historical connection to the region through the capture of Bender fortress. These notes are sometimes referred to as 'coupons' (купон) in their official text. The issuing authority name uses the archaic Russian spelling 'БАНКЪ' with the hard sign (Ъ) at the end, evoking pre-revolutionary orthography.


country: Transnistria
currency: Transnistrian ruble
denomination: 10 rubles (front) / 50 rubles (back)
series_name: First series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1994
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Transnistrian ruble (second series)
issuer: Pridnestrovian Republican Bank
issuer_native: Приднестровский Банк
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4545,#d4a574,#90a890
reverse_subject: Alexander Suvorov monument in Tiraspol
themes: military,architecture
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ru,uk,ro
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:40
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:40
front_description:
  The Supreme Council building (Verkhovny Sovet) of Transnistria in Tiraspol, the de facto capital. This brutalist-style government building serves as the seat of the legislative assembly of the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. The note features text 'ПОДДEЛКА КУПОНОВ ПРИДНЕСТРОВСКОГО БАНКА ПРЕСЛЕДУЕТСЯ ПО ЗАКОНУ' (counterfeiting of Pridnestrovian Bank coupons is prosecuted by law) and 'ДЕСЯТЬ РУБЛЕЙ' (ten rubles).

back_description:
  Monument to Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), the legendary Russian military commander who won all battles he commanded and is considered one of the greatest military leaders in Russian history. This equestrian statue stands in Tiraspol and honours Suvorov's founding of the fortress that became the city in 1792. The back is denominated as 50 rubles with text 'ПРИДНЕСТРОВЬЕ' (Pridnestrovye) and trilingual issuer identification: 'БАНКЭ ННИСТРЯНЭ' (Moldovan Cyrillic), 'ПРИДНІСТРОВСЬКИЙ БАНК' (Ukrainian), 'ПРИДНИСТРОВСКИЙ БАНК' (Russian).

historical_notes:
  This note represents the chaotic first currency issue of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria), an unrecognized breakaway state that declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The 1993 series was issued during the transitional period following the 1992 armed conflict. The note exhibits a denomination mismatch: the front is denominated as 10 rubles while the back shows 50 rubles, indicating a rushed production during the hyperinflationary early 1990s post-Soviet period when denominations were rapidly changing. The dated '1993' appears on the back. These first-series notes were replaced by more standardized issues in the mid-1990s. Transnistria uses three official languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan), reflected in the trilingual text on the reverse. The note is not recognized as legal tender outside Transnistria.


country: Transnistria
currency: rubel
denomination: 50 Rubles (front) / 1 Dollar (back)
issuer: Приднестровский банк (Pridnestrovian Bank) [front] / Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago [back]
issuer_native: Приднестровский банк
signatures: Governor: William Demas [back signature visible]
material: paper
color_palette: #d4af37,#90ee90,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago; Scarlet Ibis
themes: architecture,wildlife
language_script: Cyrillic [front], Latin [back]
languages: ru,en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:45
front_description:
  The Palace of Soviets (or Supreme Soviet building) in Tiraspol, the administrative center of the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic). The note is inscribed 'ПЯТЬДЕСЯТ РУБЛЕЙ' (Fifty Rubles) and bears text stating it is issued by the Pridnestrovian Bank according to law. This building serves as the seat of the unrecognized territory's Supreme Soviet and has been featured on Transnistrian currency since the entity's self-declared independence from Moldova in 1990.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago at center, featuring the national motto 'Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve' on a scroll beneath a shield supported by two birds (hummingbirds). At left, the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), the national bird of Trinidad and Tobago. This is a One Dollar note issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago under the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02, with serial number PB277615 and a signature of the Governor.

historical_notes:
  This is a mismatched pair: the front is a 50-ruble note from the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria), a breakaway region of Moldova that declared independence in 1990 and issues its own currency (the Transnistrian ruble) not recognized internationally. The back is from a Trinidad and Tobago One Dollar note, likely from the 1970s–1980s series issued under Governor William Demas (who served 1974–1982). The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago was established in 1964, and this series references the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02. The two images do not belong to the same banknote—they represent entirely different countries, currencies, denominations, and issuing authorities.


country: Trinidad and Tobago
currency: TTD
denomination: 1
series_name: Central Bank Act Chap. 79:02 series
series_range: 1985-1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1989
successor_currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (current series)
issuer: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name illegible
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Scarlet Ibis head in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #8b3a3a,#f5deb3,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago
themes: industry,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-36
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:26:45
front_description:
  Industrial scene depicting the Point Lisas Industrial Estate with petrochemical facilities and offshore oil platforms. Point Lisas, located on Trinidad's west coast, became the cornerstone of Trinidad and Tobago's energy-based industrialization in the 1970s-1980s, housing major methanol, ammonia, and steel production facilities that transformed the nation's economy from primarily agricultural to industrial. The denomination '$1' appears in all four corners within ornate guilloche patterns.

back_description:
  The Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago at center, granted at independence in 1962, featuring two hummingbirds (one for each island) as supporters, a shield with three sailing ships representing the Trinity and Columbus's 1498 arrival, and the national motto 'Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve' on a ribbon below. At left, the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), the national bird of Trinidad and Tobago, depicted in flight over marshland habitat typical of the Caroni Swamp where these birds roost in large flocks. The serial number ET512422 appears twice. Text states 'ISSUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CENTRAL BANK ACT CHAP. 79:02'.

historical_notes:
  This 1 Dollar note was issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago under the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02, which governed the issuance of currency during the 1980s. This series was issued approximately 1985-1989 and features industrial themes reflecting the nation's oil and gas boom era. The front showcases Point Lisas Industrial Estate, which by the mid-1980s had become one of the Caribbean's largest industrial complexes, particularly for petrochemicals and natural gas processing. The reverse displays the national coat of arms and the Scarlet Ibis, emphasizing national identity and natural heritage. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in the United Kingdom. This series was replaced by subsequent issues in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The serial number format (prefix-letter + number) was standard for this period. No known serial-year encoding is documented for this issuer.


country: Trinidad and Tobago
currency: TTD
denomination: 1
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
material: paper
color_palette: #8B4513,#87CEEB,#F5DEB3
reverse_subject: Industrial complex with towers and refineries
themes: industry,architecture
language_script: en
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:27:46
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:27:46
front_description:
  Industrial complex featuring modernist architecture with tall towers and manufacturing facilities, representing Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum and petrochemical industry. The nation's economy has been heavily dependent on oil and gas production since the early 20th century, and the energy sector remains central to its economic identity. This architectural motif reflects the industrial development and modernization of the post-independence era.

back_description:
  This reverse shows Arabic script and numerals including '10' and 'ابن خلدون' (Ibn Khaldoun), with date '1994-11-7' printed at lower left. The imagery depicts Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), the influential Arab historian, philosopher and pioneer of sociology, wearing a traditional turban. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (Prolegomena), which laid foundations for historiography and social science. The architectural vignette shows Islamic architectural elements. However, this reverse appears to be from a Tunisian 10 dinar note, not a Trinidad and Tobago dollar note.

historical_notes:
  CRITICAL MISMATCH DETECTED: The front image shows a Trinidad and Tobago 1 dollar note issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, featuring an industrial petroleum/petrochemical complex in brown/rust tones. The back image shows a Tunisian 10 dinar note from 1994 featuring Ibn Khaldun and Arabic script. These are definitively NOT the front and back of the same banknote—they are from entirely different countries, currencies, denominations, and design series. The Trinidad dollar uses English text and Latin script; the Tunisian dinar uses Arabic script. This represents either a scanning/photography error or intentional mispairing of unrelated notes.


country: Turkey
currency: TRL
denomination: 250000
series_name: 7th Emission Group
series_year: 1970
series_range: 1984–1997
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2005-12-31
successor_currency: New Turkish Lira (TRY)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
issuer_native: TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYET MERKEZ BANKASI
signatures: Başkan: [signature]; Başkan Yardımcısı: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x70
watermark: Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#8b7355,#4a5f7a
portrait_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
reverse_subject: Grand National Assembly of Turkey building
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: 207
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: tr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:27:50
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:27:50
front_description:
  Grand National Assembly of Turkey building (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) in Ankara, completed in 1961 and designed by architect Clemens Holzmeister. The building serves as the seat of Turkey's parliament and is shown with its distinctive modernist facade featuring vertical columns. The allegorical statue at left represents the Turkish nation. The note displays '50000 ELLİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (50,000 Turkish Lira) with Islamic geometric patterns and Ottoman-style decorative motifs.

back_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led the Turkish War of Independence and instituted sweeping political, social, and economic reforms that transformed Turkey into a modern secular nation-state. The note states '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' (Issued according to Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970), indicating the legal authority for this currency series. The denomination is '250000 İKİYÜZELLİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (250,000 Turkish Lira).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Turkey's 7th Emission Group (1984–1997), issued during a period of severe hyperinflation that necessitated ever-higher denominations. The legal text references Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970, which established the framework for Turkish banknote issuance. The front denomination is 50,000 lira while the back shows 250,000 lira, indicating this is a mismatched pair—two different denominations from the same design series. The 50,000 lira (P-204) was introduced in 1989, while the 250,000 lira (P-207) was introduced in 1992. Both feature the same architectural motif (Grand National Assembly building) on the obverse and Atatürk portrait on the reverse, following the standard design pattern of Turkish currency. These notes were withdrawn and demonetized during the 2005 revaluation when the New Turkish Lira (YTL) replaced the old lira at a rate of 1:1,000,000.


country: Turkey
currency: TRY
denomination: 20000
series_name: E7 Emission Group
series_year: 1970
series_range: 1970-1984
issue_year: 1970
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2005-12-31
successor_currency: New Turkish Lira
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
issuer_native: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası
signatures: Başkan: [illegible]; Başkan Yardımcısı: [illegible]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x76
watermark: Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4049,#d4af37,#f5f5dc
portrait_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
reverse_subject: Badshahi Mosque
themes: statesman,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-191
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Arabic,Perso-Arabic
languages: tr,ur
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:28:25
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:28:25
front_description:
  Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan (built 1671-1673 under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb). One of the largest and most iconic Mughal-era mosques, it represents an architectural tribute within Turkish banknote design. The inscription at top reads 'Devlet-i Pakistan' (State of Pakistan) in Ottoman Turkish script, and the denomination '2 rupees' appears at bottom in Urdu script, indicating this is actually a Pakistani banknote misidentified by the back image.

back_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, military commander who led Turkish independence following WWI, and architect of Turkey's modernization and secularization. The note bears the text 'YİRMİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (Twenty Thousand Turkish Lira) and includes the printed date '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' (Issued according to Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970).

historical_notes:
  This is a mismatched pair. The front image shows a Pakistani 2 rupee note featuring Badshahi Mosque with Urdu and Persian script. The back image shows a Turkish 20,000 lira note from the E7 emission group, issued under Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970. The Turkish lira experienced significant inflation through the 1970s-1990s, necessitating high denominations; this note was part of Turkey's seventh emission group. The 20,000 lira denomination was common in circulation until the 2005 currency reform that introduced the New Turkish Lira, redenominating at 1,000,000:1. Atatürk has appeared on virtually all Turkish banknotes since the founding of the Republic.


country: Turkey
currency: TRY
denomination: 100000
series_name: Seventh Emission Group
series_year: 1970
series_range: 1970–1997
issue_year: 1970
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2005-12-31
successor_currency: Turkish Lira (redenominated 2005, YTL)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
issuer_native: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası
signatures: Başkan: İsmail Güner; Başkan Yardımcısı: [second signature present]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 158x78
watermark: Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #a0856a,#d4b896,#8b6f47
portrait_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
reverse_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
themes: statesman,military,commemorative
pick_number: P-206
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: tr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:06
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:06
front_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1923–1938), shown with a group of children presenting him with flowers. This iconic image symbolizes Atatürk's emphasis on education, youth, and the modernization of Turkish society; he is revered as the father of modern Turkey and appears on virtually all Turkish banknotes. The scene represents his commitment to future generations and the new republic's progressive values.

back_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in formal civilian dress, depicted in right-facing portrait. The date inscription '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' references Law No. 1211 dated January 14, 1970, which authorized the issuance of this currency series. This law governed the issuance of Turkish lira banknotes during the period of the Seventh Emission Group and established the legal framework for high-denomination notes during Turkey's inflationary decades.

historical_notes:
  This 100,000 Turkish lira note belongs to the Seventh Emission Group (1970–1997), issued under Law No. 1211 of January 14, 1970 as printed on the note itself. The note was introduced during a period of chronic inflation in Turkey that necessitated increasingly high denominations throughout the 1970s–1990s. By the 1990s, Turkey experienced hyperinflation that led to six-digit denominations becoming commonplace. The 100,000 lira note was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on December 31, 2005, when Turkey implemented a currency reform that removed six zeros from the lira, replacing 1,000,000 old lira with 1 new Turkish lira (YTL). The Seventh Emission remained legal tender for decades but became obsolete as the Turkish economy stabilized post-2000. Atatürk has been featured on every Turkish banknote series since the founding of the republic, reflecting his enduring status as the nation's founding father.


country: Turkey
currency: TRL
denomination: 100000
series_name: Sixth Emission Group (L.1970)
series_year: 1970
series_range: 1991-1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2005-12-31
successor_currency: New Turkish Lira (TRY)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
issuer_native: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası
signatures: Başkan (Governor): signature visible; Başkan Yardımcısı (Vice Governor): signature visible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 166x81
watermark: Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in profile
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,thread,see_through_register
color_palette: #c19a6b,#8b4513,#d2b48c
portrait_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
reverse_subject: Modern apartment buildings in urban development area
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: P-206
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: tr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:09
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:09
front_description:
  Modern high-rise apartment buildings representing urban development and modernization of Turkey during the late 20th century. This reverse design reflects the economic growth and urban transformation that characterized Turkey's development in this period, showing multi-story residential complexes that became common in Turkish cities. The note bears the text '20000 YIRMI BIN TÜRK LIRASI' (20000 Twenty Thousand Turkish Lira) and features ornate geometric patterns and a tulip motif, a traditional Ottoman and Turkish decorative element.

back_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey, military commander who led the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), and architect of sweeping political, social, and cultural reforms that modernized Turkey into a secular nation-state. Atatürk appears on virtually all Turkish banknotes as a symbol of national identity and the founding principles of the Turkish Republic. The back also features an equestrian statue, likely representing a monument to Turkish military heritage or independence. The date reference '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' refers to Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970, under which this currency series was issued.

historical_notes:
  This 100,000 Turkish Lira note belongs to the Sixth Emission Group (L.1970 series), issued by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey during a period of severe hyperinflation that required progressively higher denominations. The reference to '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' printed on the note indicates this series was authorized under Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970, which established the legal framework for currency issuance. However, notes of this denomination and design were actually printed and circulated in the 1990s, when inflation necessitated such high face values. The old Turkish Lira underwent continuous devaluation throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, culminating in the 2005 currency reform that introduced the New Turkish Lira (Yeni Türk Lirası, YTL) at a rate of 1 YTL = 1,000,000 old TRL, effectively removing six zeros. This note was demonetized on 31 December 2005. The serial number format and design elements are consistent with notes printed in the mid-1990s. The Pick catalog assigns this design as P-206.


country: Turkey
currency: TRY
denomination: 100000 Lira
series_name: E9 Series
series_range: 1970-1984
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2005-12-31
successor_currency: New Turkish Lira (2005 revaluation)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
issuer_native: TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYET MERKEZ BANKASI
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 157x78
watermark: Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4b896,#c8a882,#a67c52
portrait_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
reverse_subject: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
themes: statesman,education
pick_number: P-206
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: tr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:24
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:24
front_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, depicted presenting flowers to a group of young Turkish women and children. This scene represents Atatürk's modernization reforms and his emphasis on education, women's rights, and youth as the future of the nation. The image symbolizes the cultural and social transformation of Turkey under his leadership from 1923 to 1938.

back_description:
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in profile portrait. Atatürk appears on all Turkish lira banknotes as mandated by Turkish law, reflecting his enduring status as the nation's founding father and his central role in establishing the modern Turkish Republic from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The consistent use of his image across all denominations emphasizes national unity and the values of the republic he created.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the E9 series of Turkish lira banknotes issued during a period of high inflation in Turkey. The 100,000 lira denomination was introduced as inflation eroded the purchasing power of the currency. The series circulated from 1970 through the 1980s and into the 1990s as Turkey experienced significant economic challenges. In 2005, Turkey implemented a currency revaluation, removing six zeros from the lira, and this note was demonetized. The old Turkish lira was replaced by the new Turkish lira (Yeni Türk Lirası) at a rate of 1,000,000:1. All Turkish banknotes feature Atatürk as required by law, honoring his legacy as the founder of modern Turkey. The front scene depicting Atatürk with youth and women specifically represents his sweeping social reforms, including women's suffrage (1934), educational modernization, and the adoption of Western legal codes.


country: Turkmenistan
currency: TMT
denomination: 100
series_name: Manat series
series_range: 2009–present
issue_year: 2009
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Turkmenistan manat (first series, TMM)
issuer: Central Bank of Turkmenistan
issuer_native: Türkmenistanyň Merkezi Banky
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
security_features: hologram,microprint,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#c9a8b8,#8b4a6f
portrait_subject: Aydın Sayılı
reverse_subject: Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque
themes: scientist,architecture,indigenous_culture,religion
language_script: Latin
languages: tk,tr
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:25
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:29:25
front_description:
  Aydın Sayılı (1913–1993), Turkish historian of science and mathematician known for his research on the history of Islamic science, particularly astronomy and mathematics. Although born in Istanbul, Sayılı's image appears on this Turkmen banknote celebrating scientific achievement. The note features scientific imagery including an atomic model and DNA double helix, symbolizing Turkmenistan's emphasis on education and scientific progress in the post-Soviet era.

back_description:
  Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque in Ashgabat, one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, built in 2004. The mosque features a distinctive golden dome and white minarets, named after the first president of Turkmenistan. Traditional Turkmen carpet patterns (göl motifs) appear at the bottom of the note, representing the nation's renowned carpet-weaving heritage and cultural identity.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the second manat series (new manat, TMT) introduced on January 1, 2009, following a redenomination at a rate of 5,000 old manat (TMM) to 1 new manat. The series emphasized Turkmen cultural heritage, Islamic architecture, and scientific achievement as part of nation-building following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The inclusion of Aydın Sayılı, a Turkish scholar, reflects pan-Turkic cultural connections. The denominations in this series range from 1 to 500 manat. The front inscription 'TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYET MERKEZ BANKASI' and '5 TÜRK LİRASI' visible in the image indicate this is actually a Turkish 5 lira note from the 2009 series, not a Turkmen note. The back, however, clearly shows Turkmen text and the 100 manat denomination, creating a mismatched pair.


country: United Kingdom
currency: GBP
denomination: 10 Shillings
series_name: Series B
series_range: 1940–1948
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1970-11-22
successor_currency: 50 New Pence
issuer: Bank of England
signatures: Chief Cashier: K. O. Peppiatt
printer: Bank of England Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 142x85
security_features: thread,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#f5f5dc,#2f2f2f
portrait_subject: Britannia
reverse_subject: Britannia
themes: mythology,statesman
pick_number: 366
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:24
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:24
front_description:
  Britannia, the female personification of Great Britain, depicted seated with trident and shield in an ornate baroque frame. Britannia has been the enduring symbol of British currency since Roman times, representing British naval power, national identity and imperial strength. The elaborate guilloche patterns and denomination '10/-' appear in green on the mauve-tinted design typical of Bank of England emergency wartime issues.

back_description:
  Britannia seated in medallion at left, with the Bank of England promise text 'Promise to pay the Bearer on Demand the sum of Ten Shillings' in ornate script across the center. The note is signed by K. O. Peppiatt as Chief Cashier, issued from London. Serial number R09D 242136 appears at top right and bottom left, with 'R' prefix indicating the replacement note series used by the Bank of England during this period.

historical_notes:
  Bank of England Series B 10 Shilling note, issued during and shortly after World War II (1940–1948). Kenneth Oswald Peppiatt served as Chief Cashier of the Bank of England from 1934 to 1949, signing notes throughout the war period. The 'R' prefix in the serial number (R09D) indicates this is a replacement note, issued to replace defective notes in the printing process—a documented Bank of England practice where 'R' designated replacement notes. These emergency wartime issues featured simplified designs compared to pre-war notes, with mauve/purple color schemes. The 10 Shilling denomination was withdrawn on November 22, 1970, during decimalization, when it was replaced by the 50 New Pence coin. Pick number P-366 corresponds to Peppiatt 10 Shilling notes with this design and signature combination from the 1940s wartime/post-war period.


country: United Kingdom
currency: British Military Authority Pound
denomination: 50 New Pence
series_name: British Armed Forces Special Voucher Second Series
series_range: 1946–1972
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1972
predecessor_currency: British Armed Forces Special Voucher First Series
issuer: British Military Authority
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b9b7a,#c88b7a
reverse_subject: British Royal coat of arms
themes: military
pick_number: M26
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:26
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:26
front_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher 50 New Pence denomination, issued for use by British military personnel in NAAFI canteens and service establishments. The note prominently displays 'FIFTY' and '50' with '50P' denomination markings in all four corners. The text warns that this note is valid only for transactions with NAAFI organisations at 6.60% of theatre value, cannot be offered to civilians, and that improper use is a disciplinary offence rendering the holder liable to penalties. These vouchers were a form of military scrip introduced after World War II to control currency flow in areas where British forces were stationed.

back_description:
  The British Royal coat of arms (lion and unicorn supporters flanking a quartered shield topped with crown) appears at left. The central design displays the denomination 'ONE SHILLING' in decorative lettering within an ornamental frame, with the text 'ISSUED BY THE BRITISH MILITARY AUTHORITY' at top. Serial letter 'D' appears at left and right margins. The voucher system allowed service personnel to purchase goods at military establishments while preventing local currency speculation and black market activity in post-war occupied territories and British military bases worldwide.

historical_notes:
  British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV), commonly known as 'BAFVs' or military vouchers, were issued from 1946 to 1972 for use by British military personnel stationed abroad. The Second Series, introduced in the late 1940s, was denominated in both pounds/shillings and decimal new pence during Britain's transition to decimal currency (1968–1971). The '50 New Pence' denomination represents the decimalised equivalent of 10 shillings. These vouchers were valid only at NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) canteens and approved service establishments, operating at a fixed exchange rate (noted as 6.60% of theatre value on this note). The system was designed to prevent currency manipulation in post-war Germany, the Middle East, Far East, and other areas with British military presence. The vouchers were withdrawn in 1972 when the British military voucher system was discontinued. The serial letter 'D' indicates the print series/block. Pick catalogue reference M26 places this in the military issues category.


country: Uganda
currency: Ugandan Shilling
denomination: 1000 Shillings
series_range: 2010–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bank of Uganda
material: paper
watermark: African antelope head
security_features: thread, see_through_register
color_palette: #ffbb7c,#a05125,#f3d58d
portrait_subject: Uganda Kob
themes: wildlife, geography
pick_number: P-47
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:42
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:42
front_description:
  Uganda 1000 Shillings featuring an impala (Aepyceros melampus) with the outline map of Uganda showing the Equator line at 0° latitude. The Independence Monument in Kampala is depicted at right - this monument was erected in 1962 to commemorate Uganda's independence from British colonial rule. The coat of arms of Uganda appears at upper left featuring the grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum), Uganda's national bird.

back_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher, 6th Series, 50 New Pence denomination. These military payment certificates were issued by Command of the Defence Council for use by British military personnel at NAAFI canteens and other authorized military establishments, primarily in Germany and other overseas postings. The design features elaborate guilloche patterns typical of security printing.

historical_notes:
  These two images represent completely different notes from different countries and issuers. The front image shows a Ugandan 1000 Shillings note from the 2010 series featuring wildlife and national symbols. The back image shows a British Armed Forces Special Voucher (BAF) 6th Series 50 New Pence, issued 1972 following decimalization, printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. BAF vouchers were used to control currency in military zones and prevent black market trading. This is clearly a mismatched pair - these are not the front and back of the same note.


country: United Kingdom
currency: GBP
denomination: 10 Shillings
series_name: Britannia Series
series_year: 1940
series_range: 1940–1948
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1971-02-15
successor_currency: Decimal Pound Sterling
issuer: Bank of England
signatures: Chief Cashier: K.O. Peppiatt
printer: Bank of England Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x85
watermark: Helmeted Britannia head
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #c4a882,#8b7355,#4a4a6a
portrait_subject: Britannia
themes: mythology,statesman
pick_number: P-366
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:45
front_description:
  Ornate geometric guilloché pattern in mauve and cream tones typical of Bank of England wartime issue notes. The reverse design shows through due to the thin paper characteristic of this emergency wartime production period.

back_description:
  Britannia, the female personification of Britain, seated with shield, trident and olive branch, representing British naval power and peace. She has been the primary symbol on Bank of England notes since 1694. The denomination 'Ten Shillings' appears prominently in Gothic script, with the promise to pay the bearer on demand. Serial number O25D 054783 visible at top and bottom left. Signed by Kenneth Oswald Peppiatt, Chief Cashier 1934–1949, whose signature appears on notes throughout WWII.

historical_notes:
  This Ten Shilling note was issued during the tenure of Chief Cashier K.O. Peppiatt (1934–1949), placing it firmly in the WWII or immediate post-war period. The Britannia design without a royal portrait was standard for Bank of England notes until 1960. Ten shillings was half a pound and remained a commonly used denomination until decimalization in 1971, when it was replaced by the 50 pence coin. This note shows significant circulation wear consistent with wartime usage. The O25D prefix indicates a later wartime or early post-war printing run.


country: United Kingdom
currency: British Armed Forces Special Voucher
denomination: 50 New Pence
series_name: British Armed Forces Special Vouchers Sixth Series
series_range: 1972-1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1988
predecessor_currency: British Armed Forces Special Vouchers Fifth Series (shillings/pence)
successor_currency: British Armed Forces Special Vouchers Seventh Series
issuer: British Armed Forces
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b6f47,#6b8e23,#d4af37
themes: military
pick_number: M49
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:51
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:30:51
front_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher 50 New Pence note from the Sixth Series. These vouchers were scrip currency issued exclusively for use by British military personnel and authorized civilians in NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) canteens and organizations within military establishments. The ornate design features elaborate guilloche patterns and acanthus leaf scrollwork typical of military scrip security printing, with '10/-' denominations displayed in both corners representing the pre-decimal equivalent (ten shillings).

back_description:
  The reverse displays the denomination '50' prominently in large green numerals at center, with 'FIFTY NEW PENCE' text in medallions at left and right. The note bears restrictive text stating it is valid only for transactions within official canteens and organizations as laid down in General Routine Orders of the theatre, and warns that improper use constitutes a disciplinary offense with potential penalties. This restriction prevented the vouchers from circulating as regular currency and limited their use to military-controlled facilities.

historical_notes:
  British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) were a form of military scrip used by British forces stationed overseas from 1946 to 1988. The Sixth Series was introduced in 1972 following Britain's decimalization of currency in 1971, replacing the previous series denominated in shillings and old pence. These vouchers served multiple purposes: preventing sterling from entering local black markets, protecting service personnel from currency fluctuations, and maintaining economic control in military zones. The system was particularly important in Germany, Cyprus, Hong Kong, and other overseas postings. The denomination '50 New Pence' was equivalent to the pre-decimal ten shillings (10/-), hence the dual notation. De La Rue printed these notes with sophisticated anti-counterfeiting features despite their limited circulation. The BAFSV system was abolished in 1988 as improved banking facilities and credit systems made military scrip obsolete. Pick M49 specifically refers to this Sixth Series 50 New Pence denomination. Dating individual notes precisely is difficult as the series ran for 16 years without date printing, though the design remained consistent throughout.


country: United Kingdom
currency: GBP
denomination: 1
series_name: Series D
series_range: 1978–1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1988-03-11
issuer: Bank of England
signatures: Chief Cashier: K O Peppiatt
printer: Bank of England Printing Works
engraver: Harry Eccleston
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x67
watermark: Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton in clear field at right
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b9d7e,#d4c5a8,#4a5a7a
portrait_subject: Sir Isaac Newton
reverse_subject: Britannia
themes: scientist,mythology
pick_number: 377a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:28
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:54
front_description:
  Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and natural philosopher, widely recognised as one of history's most influential scientists. He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, made groundbreaking contributions to optics, and co-developed calculus. The note depicts Newton with astronomical diagrams and the solar system, referencing his Principia Mathematica and his work at the Royal Mint. He was the first scientist to appear on a Bank of England note, chosen to represent British achievement in science.

back_description:
  Britannia, the classical female personification of Great Britain, seated with trident and shield bearing the Union Flag. She has been a symbol of British identity and naval power since Roman times and appears on British coinage and currency as an enduring national emblem. The traditional Bank of England promise text appears: 'Promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of One Pound'.

historical_notes:
  Series D Bank of England notes, issued 1970–1991, marked a major redesign introducing historical figures to the front of notes for the first time. The £1 note featuring Isaac Newton was introduced on 9 February 1978, replacing the earlier Series C £1 note. This particular example with serial prefix 'A63H' dates from the later production runs of the series. The £1 note was withdrawn from circulation on 11 March 1988 when it was replaced by the £1 coin. Series D was the last generation to include a £1 banknote; all subsequent series have featured only higher denominations. Printed by the Bank of England's own printing works using intaglio and letterpress techniques with security thread and watermark. The Newton design celebrated British scientific achievement and remains one of the most recognisable British banknotes of the late 20th century.


country: United Kingdom
currency: British Armed Forces Special Voucher
denomination: 5 New Pence / 1 Pound
series_name: 6th Series
series_range: 1972–1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1988
predecessor_currency: 5th Series BAF vouchers
successor_currency: Sterling coinage and regular UK currency
issuer: British Armed Forces
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #8b4545,#d4a574,#708090
reverse_subject: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
themes: military
pick_number: M48
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:31
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:31
front_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher 6th Series, 5 New Pence denomination. This note is part of the dual-denomination system used by British military personnel and their families stationed overseas, where the front displays 5 New Pence and the reverse displays the equivalent value of One Pound in local purchasing power. The 6th Series was issued by command of the Defence Council (later Army Council notation on reverse) and circulated in NAAFI stores and military facilities from 1972 to 1988, bridging the UK's decimalization period.

back_description:
  Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, the official coat of arms of the British monarch, featuring the quartered shield with the three lions of England, lion rampant of Scotland, and harp of Ireland, supported by the crowned lion of England and unicorn of Scotland. The reverse displays 'ONE POUND' denomination with 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' designation and the instruction 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE', along with serial number AA 1/10 136928. Printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, London, as noted at bottom.

historical_notes:
  The British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) 6th Series was introduced in 1972 following UK decimalization and remained in use until 1988. These vouchers were a form of military scrip used by British service personnel and their dependents at NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) facilities worldwide to prevent currency speculation and black market activities in areas where British forces were stationed. The dual-denomination system (New Pence on front, Pound on back) reflected both the domestic UK decimal currency and the purchasing power equivalence in overseas locations. The front inscription changed from 'Defence Council' to 'Army Council' during the series run. Serial number format 'AA 1/10 136928' indicates series AA with fractional notation 1/10. The 6th Series was eventually phased out in favour of direct sterling usage as exchange controls relaxed. Pick number M48 catalogues this specific denomination pairing.


country: United Kingdom
currency: British Armed Forces Special Voucher
denomination: 10 New Pence
series_name: Sixth Series
series_range: 1972–1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1988
predecessor_currency: Fifth Series British Armed Forces Vouchers
successor_currency: Pound sterling (in military establishments)
issuer: British Armed Forces (Command of the Defence Council)
printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x75
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #8b6f47,#9b6b7e,#a0b496
themes: military
pick_number: M49
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:32
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:32
front_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher, 10 New Pence, Sixth Series. These vouchers were issued by the Command of the Defence Council for use as internal currency within British military establishments and NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) facilities worldwide. The voucher system prevented regular sterling from circulating in overseas bases and allowed military personnel to make purchases in canteens, shops, and recreational facilities. This denomination is marked 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' and 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' with the text 'A USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' printed vertically along both edges.

back_description:
  The reverse features the denomination 'FIVE NEW PENCE' prominently displayed with geometric guilloche patterns and security printing. Fine print at bottom restricts use to 'transactions within official canteens and organizations laid down in orders of the theatre, except as may be expressly authorized in special circumstances' and warns that 'improper use' or 'dishonest exchange' renders 'the offender liable to penalties under service law'.

historical_notes:
  The British Armed Forces Sixth Series vouchers were introduced in 1972 following decimalization of British currency in 1971, replacing the previous Fifth Series denominated in old pence and shillings. These special vouchers (also called BAFVs or 'Naffy money') served as a parallel currency system for British military personnel stationed overseas, particularly in Germany (BAOR - British Army of the Rhine), Cyprus, Hong Kong, and other garrison locations. The system prevented currency speculation, controlled foreign exchange exposure, and maintained discipline in military economies. The Sixth Series circulated from 1972 until 1988, when the voucher system was gradually phased out as electronic payment systems and ATMs became widespread in military facilities. Bradbury Wilkinson & Co., the noted British security printer, produced these notes with sophisticated anti-counterfeiting features. The serial number A/2 216882 indicates this is from an early print run. No printed issue year appears on the note itself; dating is inferred from the series designation and documented circulation period.


country: United Kingdom
currency: New Pence
denomination: 50 New Pence
series_name: British Armed Forces Special Voucher Sixth Series
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: British Armed Forces
printer: Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co Ltd
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b9e6b,#a0826d,#f5f5dc
themes: military
pick_number: M52
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: GBP
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:33
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:31:33
front_description:
  British Armed Forces Special Voucher, Sixth Series, issued by Command of the Defence Council for use in military canteens and organizations (NAAFI - Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes). These vouchers were a form of military scrip used by British service personnel stationed abroad or at home to prevent currency issues and to maintain control over military spending. The system replaced earlier British Armed Forces Voucher series and represented a standardized payment method across all branches of the UK armed services during the Cold War period. The note displays the text 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' along the left margin and 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' vertically on both sides.

back_description:
  Reverse displays restrictive usage text stating 'THIS NOTE IS VALID ONLY FOR TRANSACTIONS WITHIN OFFICIAL CANTEENS AND ORGANISATIONS LAID DOWN IN G.R.Os. OF THE THEATRE. EXCEPT AS MAY BE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN G.R.Os. IT MUST IN NO CIRCUMSTANCES BE OFFERED TO ANY PERSON WHO IS NOT ENTITLED TO USE BRITISH SERVICE CANTEENS. IMPROPER USE OF THIS NOTE IS A DISCIPLINARY OFFENCE AND MAY RENDER THE OFFENDER LIABLE TO PENALTIES.' This restriction enforced the closed-circulation system whereby service vouchers could not be used in civilian commerce, maintaining separation between military and local economies in overseas postings and preventing black market currency exchange.

historical_notes:
  British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) were military payment certificates used by UK service personnel from the 1940s through 1972. The Sixth Series was introduced around 1972 when the UK decimalized its currency (15 February 1971), hence the denomination in 'New Pence' rather than shillings. These vouchers were used in NAAFI facilities and authorized military establishments worldwide. The serial number prefix 'B/T' likely indicates a specific print batch or issuing authority. Printer attribution to Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co Ltd is confirmed by the imprint at bottom center of the obverse. The voucher system was discontinued in 1972 when British forces moved to using local currencies or standardized payment methods. No public serial-year encoding is documented for BAFSV notes; dating relies on series identification and design features. The Sixth Series represents the final issue before the voucher system was abolished.


country: Ukraine
currency: Karbovanets
denomination: 5000
series_name: Karbovanets series
series_year: 1995
series_range: 1992–1996
issue_year: 1995
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1996-09-16
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Ukrainian hryvnia
issuer: National Bank of Ukraine
issuer_native: Національний банк України
material: paper
security_features: microprint,guilloche
color_palette: #8b4513,#87ceeb,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Berestechko Monument
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture,commemorative
pick_number: P-93
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:28
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:28
front_description:
  The Berestechko Monument depicting three Ukrainian Cossack figures standing together holding a flag on an ornate boat-like vessel. This monument commemorates the Battle of Berestechko (1651), one of the largest land battles of the 17th century fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The front features elaborate baroque-style ornamental borders with medallions showing St. George slaying the dragon, a traditional symbol associated with both Kyivan Rus and Cossack imagery.

back_description:
  The Verkhovna Rada building (Supreme Council of Ukraine) in Kyiv, the seat of the Ukrainian parliament. Originally constructed as the Communist Party headquarters during the Soviet era, the building became the home of Ukraine's independent parliament after 1991. The neoclassical structure with its colonnade is depicted across the top of the note in brown ink, framed by decorative borders. The back also shows the tryzub (trident) coat of arms of Ukraine and the denomination of 5000 karbovantsiv.

historical_notes:
  This 5000 karbovanets note was issued by the National Bank of Ukraine in 1995 during the hyperinflationary period following Ukrainian independence in 1991. The karbovanets (also called kupon or coupon) was introduced in 1992 as a transitional currency to replace the Soviet ruble, but suffered severe devaluation through the mid-1990s. The series 1992–1996 saw denominations rise from 1 to 1,000,000 karbovantsiv as hyperinflation peaked. This note was demonetized on September 16, 1996 when Ukraine introduced the hryvnia at a conversion rate of 100,000 karbovantsiv = 1 hryvnia. The imagery reflects newly independent Ukraine's emphasis on Cossack heritage and national symbols. The date 1995 is clearly printed at the bottom of the reverse.


country: Ukraine
currency: UAH
denomination: 2
series_name: Third hryvnia series
series_year: 2005
series_range: 2005–present
issue_year: 2005
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Karbovanets
issuer: National Bank of Ukraine
issuer_native: Національний банк України
signatures: Governor: Volodymyr Stelmakh
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x62
watermark: Portrait of Volodymyr the Great in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, see_through_register, raised_print, latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Volodymyr the Great
reverse_subject: Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv
themes: statesman,monarch,religion,architecture
pick_number: 117b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:29
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:29
front_description:
  Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, built 1037 under Volodymyr's son Yaroslav the Wise, depicted with its characteristic golden domes and bell tower. The cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Ukraine's most significant architectural and religious monuments, symbolizing the Christianization of Kievan Rus' and the country's Byzantine heritage. The note also features a bandura (Ukrainian folk instrument) and inkwell with quill, representing Ukrainian culture and learning.

back_description:
  Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv from 980 to 1015, who Christianized Kievan Rus' in 988 by adopting Byzantine Orthodox Christianity. This pivotal event shaped the religious and cultural identity of Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus for centuries. He is venerated as Saint Volodymyr-Equal-to-the-Apostles in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is considered the founder of the Ukrainian state tradition.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the third series of Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes issued in 2005, featuring a comprehensive redesign with enhanced security features. The 2 hryvnia denomination was introduced in the 2005 series redesign. Volodymyr the Great has appeared on the 1 hryvnia note since the currency's introduction in 1996, but this 2 hryvnia note pairs him with Saint Sophia Cathedral to emphasize the theme of Christianization and cultural heritage. The signature is that of Volodymyr Stelmakh, who served as Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine from 2004 to 2010. The serial number БГ9493667 indicates a 2005 or later printing within this series. The hryvnia was introduced in 1996, replacing the temporary karbovanets at a rate of 1 hryvnia = 100,000 karbovantsiv, following Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and subsequent hyperinflation.


country: Ukraine
currency: UAH
denomination: 1
series_name: Hryvnia series 2014
series_year: 2014
series_range: 2014–present
issue_year: 2014
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Karbovanets
issuer: National Bank of Ukraine
issuer_native: Національний банк України
signatures: Governor: Stepan Kubiv
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 118x62
watermark: Portrait of Prince Volodymyr the Great
security_features: microprint,thread,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d4af7a,#b08968,#e8d5c4
portrait_subject: Prince Volodymyr the Great
reverse_subject: Prince Volodymyr the Great
themes: monarch,statesman,religion,architecture
pick_number: 116
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:30
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:30
front_description:
  The city of Volodymyr (modern Volodymyr-Volynskyi), medieval capital of the Principality of Volhynia, with the Assumption Cathedral visible in the architectural scene. The city was named after Prince Volodymyr the Great and served as a major center of Kievan Rus' in the 10th–13th centuries. The fortress walls and Orthodox church architecture represent the cultural and religious heritage of early Ukrainian statehood. A falcon, symbol of Ukrainian nobility and the Rurik dynasty, appears as a decorative element with heraldic significance.

back_description:
  Prince Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv who ruled from 980 to 1015 and is credited with the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in 988. His baptism and subsequent conversion of his realm to Byzantine Christianity established the foundation of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus. He is venerated as Saint Volodymyr in the Orthodox Church and is considered one of the founding figures of Ukrainian national identity and statehood.

historical_notes:
  This 1 hryvnia note belongs to the 2014 series issued by the National Bank of Ukraine, representing a redesign of the hryvnia currency that was introduced in 1996 to replace the hyperinflation-era karbovanets. The 2014 series features enhanced security features including improved threads, microprinting, and optically variable elements. Prince Volodymyr has appeared on Ukrainian 1 hryvnia notes since the currency's introduction, symbolizing the historical continuity of Ukrainian statehood from Kievan Rus'. The note was designed by Vasyl Lopata and entered circulation in 2014 during a period of significant political and economic transition in Ukraine. The hryvnia remains the legal tender of Ukraine.


country: Ukraine
currency: UAH
denomination: 5000 Karbovantsiv
series_name: Karbovanets series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1992-1996
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1996-09-16
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Ukrainian hryvnia
issuer: National Bank of Ukraine
issuer_native: Національний банк України
signatures: Governor: Viktor Yushchenko
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x74
watermark: Ukrainian tryzub (trident) coat of arms in clear field at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Volodymyr the Great
themes: statesman,monarch,religion,architecture
pick_number: P-93
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:30
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:32:30
front_description:
  Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, built 1037 by Yaroslav the Wise as the main cathedral of Kievan Rus'. The cathedral, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, represents the height of Byzantine-Slavic ecclesiastical architecture with its distinctive golden domes and baroque bell tower. The cathedral was a major religious, political, and cultural center of the medieval Kyivan state and remains one of Ukraine's most significant architectural monuments.

back_description:
  Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted Kievan Rus' to Orthodox Christianity in 988, establishing the foundation of Eastern Slavic Christian civilization. His baptism of Rus' is considered one of the most significant events in Ukrainian and Eastern European history; he is venerated as a saint in Orthodox Christianity and is depicted wearing a princely helmet and traditional Rus' attire. The inscription 'ВОЛОДИМИР ВЕЛИКИЙ' (Volodymyr the Great) appears at the bottom right.

historical_notes:
  Karbovanets series, 1992–1996, issued during Ukraine's period of hyperinflation following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The karbovanets (also known as kupon or coupon-karbovanets) served as temporary currency during the economic transition period, experiencing massive devaluation. The 5000 karbovantsiv note was issued in 1993 signed by Viktor Yushchenko (who served as Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine 1993–1999 and later became President of Ukraine). This design features national historical and religious symbols emphasizing Ukrainian identity and state-building: Saint Sophia Cathedral represents medieval Kyivan glory, while Volodymyr the Great symbolizes the founding of the Ukrainian Orthodox tradition. The entire karbovanets series was withdrawn and replaced by the hryvnia on September 2–16, 1996 at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsiv = 1 hryvnia. The series is well-documented in Pick catalogue as P-85 through P-95.


country: Ukraine
currency: UAH
denomination: 1
series_year: 2006
series_range: 2004–2014
issue_year: 2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018-10-01
predecessor_currency: Karbovanets
issuer: National Bank of Ukraine
issuer_native: Національний банк України
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 118x62
watermark: Stylized trident emblem
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #f5deb3,#e6b8af,#b4c7dc
reverse_subject: Prince Volodymyr the Great monument in Kyiv
themes: statesman,architecture,religion,commemorative
pick_number: 116
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:12
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:12
front_description:
  Prince Volodymyr the Great monument (Volodymyr's Hill) in Kyiv, erected 1853, depicting the medieval ruler who Christianized Kievan Rus' in 988 CE. The monument shows Prince Volodymyr holding a cross, standing atop a pedestal overlooking the Dnieper River. The inscription 'ГРАД ВОЛОДИМИРА У КИЄВІ' (City of Volodymyr in Kyiv) appears at the bottom of the vignette. The design features ornamental scrollwork incorporating the trident (tryzub) state emblem and a stylized falcon or bird of prey.

back_description:
  This appears to be a mismatched pair — the back shows a Uruguayan 50 Nuevos Pesos note featuring José Gervasio Artigas (1764–1850), national hero of Uruguay, military leader of the independence movement, and advocate of federalism and popular sovereignty. The Uruguayan coat of arms appears at center left, with 'BANCO CENTRAL DEL URUGUAY' and denomination inscriptions. The signature titles read 'Gerente General' and 'Secretario General' with 'Presidente' below.

historical_notes:
  This 1 hryvnia note from 2006 belongs to the second generation of Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes issued after the currency's introduction in 1996, replacing the karbovanets during post-Soviet monetary reform. The front depicts the Monument to Prince Volodymyr, a landmark of Kyiv erected in 1853 during the Russian Empire to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. The 1 hryvnia denomination remained in circulation until October 2018, when Ukraine began phasing out the smallest banknote denomination in favor of coins. NOTE: The back image provided shows a Uruguayan banknote (50 Nuevos Pesos featuring Artigas), NOT the reverse of the Ukrainian 1 hryvnia note. The actual reverse of the Ukrainian 1 hryvnia typically features the building of the National Bank of Ukraine or another architectural motif. This catalogue entry reflects the mismatched pair.


country: United States
currency: USD
denomination: 5 cents
series_name: Military Payment Certificate Series 541
series_year: Series 541
series_range: 1954–1958
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1973-03-15
issuer: United States Department of Defense
printer: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 115x57
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d946a6,#90ee90,#4169e1
portrait_subject: Female allegorical figure representing Liberty
themes: military,allegory
pick_number: M29
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:49
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:49
front_description:
  The Great Seal of the United States featuring the bald eagle with shield, olive branch, and arrows, with the motto 'E PLURIBUS UNUM' above. The Great Seal has been the official emblem of the United States since 1782, representing sovereignty and authority. This note is a Military Payment Certificate (MPC) issued for use only in United States military establishments by authorized personnel, as part of a system designed to prevent black market currency exchange and stabilize economies in occupied or allied territories during the Cold War era.

back_description:
  Female allegorical figure representing Liberty, depicted in classical style with curled hair and laurel wreath. The reverse also features ornamental scrollwork and the serial number. MPCs were printed in distinctive colors and designs that changed periodically without warning (conversion days) to prevent hoarding and black market activity. Series 541 was used primarily in regions including Europe and the Far East between 1954 and 1958.

historical_notes:
  Military Payment Certificates (MPCs) were special currency issued by the United States military for use by U.S. armed forces personnel in foreign countries. Series 541 was the first MPC series issued after the Korean War, circulating from 1954 to 1958 in military installations across Europe, the Far East, and other regions. The MPC system began in 1946 and continued until 1973, with periodic unannounced conversions to new series to combat black market currency trafficking. All MPCs were eventually demonetized on March 15, 1973, when the program was discontinued. These notes were printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and featured distinctive rainbow-like color palettes (pink, green, yellow) and allegorical designs rather than portraits of historical figures. The serial format typically included a series number followed by block letters. Series 541 is considered scarce in collector markets, particularly in higher grades, as military personnel were required to convert or turn in notes during series changes.


country: United States
currency: Military Payment Certificate (MPC)
denomination: 5 cents
series_name: Series 472
series_range: 1951–1954
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1954
successor_currency: Series 481
issuer: United States Department of Defense
printer: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #9b4d96,#f5e6d3,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Allegorical female figure (Liberty)
reverse_subject: Office of Price Administration ration coupon design
themes: military,commemorative
pick_number: M8
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:50
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:33:50
front_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Liberty, a classical motif used on U.S. military payment certificates. The design features ornate scrollwork and the text 'MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE' with denomination '5 CENTS' prominently displayed. The note states 'FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS — BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS.' Military Payment Certificates were special currency issued to U.S. military personnel in foreign countries to prevent black market trafficking of U.S. dollars and to control currency exchange in occupied territories and military bases.

back_description:
  The reverse features an overprint reading 'UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION / RATION COUPON / FOR TWENTY POINTS / PROCESSED FOODS' with 'OPA Form R-1325' and 'GPO 16-34717-1' reference numbers. This represents a World War II-era ration coupon design incorporated into the MPC backing, referencing the wartime rationing system administered by the Office of Price Administration (1942–1947). The OPA managed civilian rationing of food and consumer goods during WWII, and processed foods required point-based ration stamps for purchase.

historical_notes:
  This is a Series 472 Military Payment Certificate (MPC), issued from 1951 to 1954 for use by U.S. military personnel in post-WWII occupied territories and military installations overseas. MPCs were designed to prevent black market currency trading and control monetary circulation in military zones. Series 472 was the first MPC series issued after World War II ended, reflecting the ongoing U.S. military presence in occupied Japan, Germany, and Korea during the early Cold War period. The unusual reverse featuring an OPA ration coupon design is a distinctive characteristic of early MPC series, repurposing wartime administrative forms. MPCs were periodically recalled and replaced without warning (called 'C-Day' or 'Conversion Day') to prevent hoarding and black market abuse. Series 472 was replaced by Series 481 in 1954. The note is printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The 5-cent denomination represents the smallest value in this series.


country: Uzbekistan
currency: UZS
denomination: 5
series_name: First Som Series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2019
predecessor_currency: Som-coupon
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
issuer_native: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Марказий Банки
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 144x72
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #a8b5a0,#d4c4a8,#c9a88a
reverse_subject: State Emblem of Uzbekistan
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-75
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uz
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:07
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:07
front_description:
  The front of this note features traditional Islamic geometric patterns and ornamental designs typical of Uzbek decorative arts. The design incorporates the ration coupon format used during the transition from Soviet currency to the independent Uzbek som, reflecting the economic challenges of the newly independent nation.

back_description:
  The State Emblem of Uzbekistan at left, featuring the mythical Huma bird with outstretched wings, symbolizing happiness and freedom. The emblem includes cotton plants and wheat sheaves representing the nation's agricultural base, with a rising sun over mountains and the word 'O'ZBEKISTON' in the center. The large ornate numeral '5' at right indicates the denomination. Text in Uzbek Cyrillic script states the legal tender clause.

historical_notes:
  This 5 som note belongs to the first series of Uzbekistan's national currency, introduced on July 1, 1994, replacing the transitional som-coupons that had been used since late 1993. The Central Bank of Uzbekistan issued this series shortly after independence from the Soviet Union (1991). The design reflects the nation's Islamic heritage and newly established state symbols. These small denominations were eventually phased out due to inflation, with Uzbekistan undergoing significant monetary reforms in subsequent years.


country: Uruguay
currency: Nuevo Peso
denomination: 50 Nuevos Pesos / 5 Cents
series_name: Series 481
issuer: Banco Central del Uruguay
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #e6d9a8,#6b7a99,#2d3436
reverse_subject: Military Payment Certificate iconography
themes: architecture
language_script: Latin
languages: es,en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:13
front_description:
  The Banco Central del Uruguay building in Montevideo, a neoclassical structure with prominent columned facade. The building serves as the headquarters of Uruguay's central bank, established in 1967. The architectural rendering shows the two-story structure with ground-floor colonnade and upper-level balconied windows, representative of early 20th-century institutional architecture in the capital.

back_description:
  United States Military Payment Certificate (MPC) Series 481, denomination five cents. MPCs were special currency issued by the U.S. Department of Defense for use by military personnel in foreign countries, designed to prevent black market currency speculation and maintain separation between military and local economies. Series 481 was one of many MPC series issued during the Cold War era, intended for use only in U.S. military establishments by authorized personnel in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.

historical_notes:
  This note presents a highly unusual pairing: the front appears to be a Uruguayan 50 nuevos pesos note issued by the Banco Central del Uruguay (printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited as indicated), while the back is clearly a United States Military Payment Certificate (MPC) Series 481, five cents denomination. The Uruguayan nuevo peso was introduced in 1975, replacing the previous peso at 1000:1 during a period of severe inflation. MPCs were used by U.S. military forces from 1946 to 1973 in various overseas locations. The juxtaposition of these two completely unrelated monetary instruments—one a sovereign central bank note, the other a military scrip—is extraordinarily anomalous. This could represent: (1) a novelty/educational piece combining unrelated designs, (2) a proof or specimen pairing error, (3) a fantasy note, or (4) deliberately mismatched images. No known legitimate banknote combines a Uruguayan central bank obverse with a U.S. MPC reverse. The authenticity and provenance of this item are highly questionable as a circulating note.


country: Uzbekistan
currency: UZS
denomination: 100
series_name: First national currency series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–1997
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Sum (redenominated 1997)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
issuer_native: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Марказий Банки
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x69
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#6b4d8c,#c19a6b
reverse_subject: State Emblem of Uzbekistan
themes: architecture,statesman
pick_number: P-79
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uz
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:14
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:14
front_description:
  Amir Timur Museum in Tashkent, a neoclassical building completed in 2006 but depicted here is likely an earlier government building or palace from the Soviet or early independence era. The structure features three arched entrances with ornate detailing, surrounded by landscaped gardens with trees and a fountain. The Uzbek text at bottom reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН СУМИНИ ҚАЛБАКИЛАШТИРИШ / ҚОНУНАН ТАЪҚИБ ҚИЛИНАДИ' (Counterfeiting the Uzbekistan sum is punishable by law). This note belongs to the first series of Uzbekistani sum issued after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

back_description:
  State Emblem of Uzbekistan at center, featuring the Huma bird with outstretched wings, a rising sun over mountains, cotton and wheat sheaves representing the nation's agriculture, and a blue-white-green ribbon. The emblem is surrounded by ornamental borders in traditional Uzbek style. The serial number EA2531816 appears twice on the back, with the year 1994 printed at lower right. Text reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МАРКАЗИЙ БАНКИ' (Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and '100 ЮЗ СЎМ' (100 sum). The lower inscription states legal tender status.

historical_notes:
  This 100 sum note is from Uzbekistan's first national currency series, issued in 1994 following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The sum-coupon was introduced in 1993 as a transitional currency, replaced by the sum in 1994. This series circulated during a period of severe hyperinflation in the mid-1990s and was withdrawn when the currency was redenominated in 1997 at a rate of 1 new sum = 1,000 old sum. The front depicts a neoclassical building with gardens, while the reverse prominently features the newly adopted State Emblem of independent Uzbekistan. The printed year 1994 on the reverse confirms the issue date. Pick catalog reference P-79.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 1000 Dong
series_name: 1988 Issue
series_year: 1988
series_range: 1988-1991
issue_year: 1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Old dong
successor_currency: New dong (1991 redenomination)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
security_features: microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4af37,#9dc183
reverse_subject: State emblem of Vietnam
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: 96a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: vi
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:50
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:50
front_description:
  Agricultural and industrial scene depicting textile workers operating a loom, representing Vietnam's economic development during the socialist period. The scene shows workers engaged in fabric production, symbolizing the country's emphasis on both agricultural output and light industrial manufacturing in the post-war reconstruction era.

back_description:
  The State emblem of Vietnam (coat of arms) at left, featuring a circular design with a gold star centered above a cogwheel and rice stalks, symbolizing the unity of workers and peasants under Communist Party leadership. The emblem was adopted by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976 following reunification.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 dong note belongs to the 1988 issue series of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, printed during a period of severe hyperinflation. The State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) issued this series as the country struggled with economic instability in the late 1980s. The note shows a denominated value split between the front (1000 dong - 'một nghìn đồng') and back (100 dong overprint - 'một trăm đồng'), a feature of this transitional period. This series was demonetized in 1991 when Vietnam implemented major currency reforms and redenomination, replacing these notes at a rate of 10 old dong to 1 new dong as part of doi moi (renovation) economic reforms. The serial number format 'DI 240264/3' follows the standard Vietnamese pattern of the era with prefix letters and sequential numbering.


country: Uzbekistan
currency: UZS
denomination: 100
series_name: 1994 Issue
series_year: 1997
series_range: 1994-1997
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Som (redenomination)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
issuer_native: ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МАРКАЗИЙ БАНКИ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x68
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d8c9b8,#b8a8d8,#98c898
reverse_subject: State Emblem of Uzbekistan
themes: architecture,statesman,independence
pick_number: 79
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: uz
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:52
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:52
front_description:
  The Oliy Majlis (Supreme Assembly) building in Tashkent, the seat of the bicameral parliament of Uzbekistan. Constructed in Soviet-era modernist style, it serves as the legislative branch of the Republic of Uzbekistan following independence in 1991. The building is depicted with its characteristic horizontal lines and ceremonial approach with fountains and gardens. The denomination appears as 'ЮЗ СЎМ' (100 Som) in Uzbek Cyrillic script.

back_description:
  The State Emblem of Uzbekistan, adopted in 1992 following independence from the Soviet Union. The emblem features the legendary Huma bird (a symbol of happiness and freedom) with outstretched wings above a rising sun over mountains, with cotton and wheat flanking the central design representing the country's principal agricultural products. The emblem is surrounded by decorative Islamic geometric patterns and ornamental borders. The year 1997 appears at the top right, and the serial number CA0135316 is printed on the right side.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Som note belongs to the 1994 Issue series of independent Uzbekistan, first introduced in 1994 to replace the Soviet ruble following independence in 1991. This specific note is dated 1997, representing a later printing run within the series. The design reflects Uzbekistan's new national identity with the Supreme Assembly building symbolizing the democratic legislative institutions and the state emblem incorporating traditional Islamic Central Asian motifs combined with Soviet-era agricultural symbolism. The note was printed with Cyrillic script as Uzbekistan was transitioning its writing system. This series was withdrawn around 2000 when higher denominations became necessary due to inflation, and the currency underwent redenomination in the following years. The serial number format 'CA0135316' follows the standard prefix-digit pattern used by the Central Bank during this period.


country: Uzbekistan
currency: UZS
denomination: 200
series_name: Second som series
series_year: 1997
series_range: 1997-1999
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: First som (1994)
successor_currency: Third som series (2000)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
issuer_native: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Марказий Банки
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 143x67
watermark: Ornamental motif at right margin
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #90ee90,#87ceeb,#f0e68c
reverse_subject: State Emblem of Uzbekistan
themes: mythology,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 79
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: uz
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:55
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:34:55
front_description:
  A mythological tiger (Bukhara tiger motif) rendered in traditional Uzbek decorative style against an ornamental background featuring Islamic geometric patterns and tilework designs. The tiger, a symbol deeply embedded in Central Asian mythology and art, appears in profile with stylized sun rays above its head. The denomination '200 СЎМ' (200 som) appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The inscription at bottom reads 'Ўзбекистон сўмини қалбакилаштириш қонунга мувофиқ таъқиб қилинади' (counterfeiting Uzbekistan som is prosecuted according to law).

back_description:
  The State Emblem of Uzbekistan (1992–present) at center left, featuring the Humo bird (a phoenix-like mythical bird symbolizing happiness and freedom) with outstretched wings, rising sun over mountains, cotton and wheat, surrounded by a wreath. The emblem is overlaid on intricate geometric and floral patterns typical of Timurid-era Islamic art. The denomination appears prominently, with the printed year '1997' in the upper right corner. Serial number XX0429758 appears twice. The text at top reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МАРКАЗИЙ БАНКИ' (Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan).

historical_notes:
  This 200 som note belongs to the second series of Uzbekistan som banknotes issued in 1997 following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The som replaced the Soviet ruble in 1994, and this series represents the stabilization period after initial post-independence currency volatility. The design incorporates traditional Uzbek and Central Asian artistic motifs including geometric Islamic patterns inspired by the architectural heritage of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva. The tiger imagery reflects the historical Bukhara tiger (Panthera tigris virgata), which was native to Central Asia until its extinction in the 1970s, and remains a powerful symbol in Uzbek cultural identity. This series was withdrawn in 2000 when a new redesigned series was introduced. The serial number prefix 'XX' may indicate a specific print run, though no documented replacement-note system is publicly known for this issuer.


country: Uzbekistan
currency: UZS
denomination: 200 so'm
series_name: First series
series_range: 1994–1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: So'm (1994 redenomination)
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
issuer_native: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Марказий банки
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x62
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#f0e68c,#4682b4
portrait_subject: Snow leopard with traditional Central Asian motifs
reverse_subject: Hồ Chí Minh
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-72
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic,Latin,Vietnamese
languages: uz,vi
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:35:19
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:35:19
front_description:
  The Uzbek snow leopard (Panthera uncia), an endangered species native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia including the Tian Shan and Pamir ranges of Uzbekistan. The snow leopard is depicted with a smiling anthropomorphic sun motif, combining traditional Islamic decorative patterns with Central Asian folk art themes. This design represents Uzbekistan's cultural heritage and natural biodiversity following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The denomination 200 so'm appears with ornamental borders typical of Uzbek architectural tilework and carpet designs.

back_description:
  Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader who served as President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death. He led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, proclaimed Vietnam's independence from France in 1945, and is regarded as the founding father of modern Vietnam. The inscription 'CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM' (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) appears at top, with denomination 1000 đồng and the text 'MỘT NGHÌN ĐỒNG' (one thousand dong). Dated 1988.

historical_notes:
  This is a mismatched pair of banknotes: the front belongs to a 200 so'm note from Uzbekistan (first series following independence, issued 1994–1997), while the back is from a Vietnamese 1000 đồng note dated 1988. The Uzbek first series was replaced in 1997 by a new currency due to hyperinflation. The Vietnamese note is from the đồng series issued following economic reforms. These are unrelated notes from different countries and cannot form a legitimate catalogue entry. No accurate Pick number, serial analysis, or unified historical context can be provided for this combination.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 100 Dong (front) / 2000 Dong (back)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM
material: paper
color_palette: #8b7355,#a8c5a8,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: Hồ Chí Minh
reverse_subject: One Pillar Pagoda
themes: statesman,architecture,indigenous_culture
language_script: Latin script, Vietnamese
languages: vi
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:35:39
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:35:39
front_description:
  The One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột) in Hanoi, one of Vietnam's most iconic Buddhist temples. Originally built in 1049 during the Lý Dynasty by Emperor Lý Thái Tông, it was designed to resemble a lotus blossom rising from the water. The structure was destroyed by French forces in 1954 and rebuilt by the North Vietnamese government, and it remains a symbol of Vietnamese cultural heritage and resilience.

back_description:
  Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader, communist politician, and founding father of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He served as Prime Minister (1945–1955) and President (1945–1969) of North Vietnam and led the Việt Minh independence movement. His image has appeared on virtually all Vietnamese banknotes since reunification in 1976, making him the most honoured figure in Vietnamese currency.

historical_notes:
  This presents a significant cataloguing challenge: the front displays '100 ĐỒNG' with 'MỘT TRĂM ĐỒNG' (one hundred dong) and the One Pillar Pagoda, while the back displays '2000' with 'HAI NGHÌN ĐỒNG' (two thousand dong) and Hồ Chí Minh's portrait. This mismatch indicates either: (1) a mismatched pair where two different notes have been photographed together, (2) a composite/fantasy note, or (3) an error note. Legitimate Vietnamese banknote series do not feature different denominations on front versus back. The State Bank of Vietnam has issued numerous series since the 1980s featuring Hồ Chí Minh on the obverse with various cultural and economic scenes on the reverse, but with matching denominations. Serial number 'AK 8024531' visible on the back. Without being able to verify this as a legitimate issue, Pick number assignment would be speculative.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 5000
series_name: 1991 series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991-2003
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2003
predecessor_currency: Đồng (1985 series)
successor_currency: Đồng (2003 polymer series)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x67
watermark: Portrait of Ho Chi Minh in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#5a7fa0,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Ho Chi Minh
reverse_subject: Textile factory workers
themes: statesman,industry
pick_number: P-102
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin script (Quốc ngữ - Romanized Vietnamese)
languages: vi
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:15
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:15
front_description:
  Textile factory workers operating industrial looms in a modern manufacturing facility. The scene depicts Vietnam's industrialization efforts in the post-reunification era, showing the textile industry which became a major economic sector. The workers are shown at power looms, representing the transition from agricultural to industrial economy that characterized Vietnam's economic reforms (Đổi Mới) beginning in 1986.

back_description:
  Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), founding father of modern Vietnam, revolutionary leader, and first President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death. He led the Viet Minh independence movement and is revered as the principal architect of Vietnamese independence from French colonial rule and reunification. His portrait has appeared on Vietnamese currency since 1946 and remains the primary motif on all modern Vietnamese đồng banknotes.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1991 series issued by the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) following Vietnam's economic reforms. The 1991 series was printed with the year '1991' clearly visible on the reverse. This series circulated during a period of significant economic transition as Vietnam opened to market reforms while maintaining socialist political structure. The 5,000 đồng denomination was a mid-range note during this period of relatively high inflation. The series was gradually replaced beginning in 2003 with the introduction of polymer notes featuring updated designs and enhanced security features. These paper notes were withdrawn from circulation as the newer polymer series was rolled out through the 2000s.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 2000 Dong (front) / 500 Dong (back)
series_range: 1985-1991
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Dong (pre-reform)
successor_currency: Dong (reformed 1985 issue)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#87ceeb
reverse_subject: Cargo port with loading cranes and vessels
themes: industry,transport,agriculture
language_script: Latin
languages: vi
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:33
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:33
front_description:
  Textile factory interior scene showing industrial textile production with workers operating spinning machinery and fabric manufacturing equipment. This represents Vietnam's post-reunification emphasis on industrial development and socialist economic reconstruction during the 1980s, depicting the nation's textile industry as a key sector of the command economy.

back_description:
  Cargo port with loading cranes and vessels at dock, representing Vietnam's maritime trade infrastructure. The scene depicts industrial port facilities with modern cranes loading or unloading cargo ships, symbolizing the country's efforts to develop international trade capacity and modernize transportation infrastructure during the post-war reconstruction period.

historical_notes:
  This note presents a denomination mismatch: the front displays '2000 HAI NGHIN DONG' while the back shows '500 NĂM TRĂM DONG', indicating these are likely two separate notes photographed together or a mismatched pair. The design belongs to Vietnam's 1985-1991 banknote series issued by the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) during the socialist period before the đổi mới economic reforms took full effect. These notes featured socialist themes emphasizing industrial and agricultural production. The series was eventually withdrawn as Vietnam moved toward a market economy and issued new currency designs in the 1990s. The brown and beige color scheme with light blue accents is characteristic of Vietnamese notes from this era. Without visible serial numbers, signatures, or printed dates, precise attribution to specific Pick numbers requires further verification. The textile industry and port infrastructure themes reflect the government's focus on building productive capacity in the post-reunification economy.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 5000 Dong (front) / 2000 Dong (back)
series_name: Cotton fiber series
series_range: 1987–1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
successor_currency: New Dong (1985 revaluation series)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a0c5a0
portrait_subject: Ho Chi Minh
reverse_subject: Industrial hydroelectric facility
themes: statesman,industry,infrastructure
language_script: Latin script, Vietnamese
languages: vi
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:34
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:34
front_description:
  Industrial hydroelectric facility with dam, power transmission towers, and construction cranes. This scene represents Vietnam's post-reunification industrialization and infrastructure development efforts, particularly the expansion of electrical power generation capacity in the 1980s. The denomination shown is 5000 Dong with the text 'NAM NGHIN DONG' (five thousand dong) partially visible beneath the holder's fingers.

back_description:
  Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader and founding president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He led the Viet Minh independence movement against French colonial rule and later guided North Vietnam during the Vietnam War; he is the most frequently depicted figure on Vietnamese currency and is regarded as the father of modern Vietnam. The denomination on this side is 2000 Dong (HAI NGHIN DONG), and the national emblem of Vietnam appears at left.

historical_notes:
  This note exhibits a denomination mismatch between front (5000 Dong) and back (2000 Dong), which is highly unusual and indicates either a mismatched pair of notes from different denominations or a significant printing error. The front matches the 1987–1991 cotton-fiber series 5000 Dong notes which featured industrial themes emphasizing socialist economic development. The back matches the 2000 Dong denomination from the same series. Both denominations were demonetized during the 1985–1991 currency reforms as Vietnam transitioned from the old dong to the new dong, combating hyperinflation that had devastated the currency. The serial number 'GM 1267081' is visible on the back. Without being able to examine both notes separately, it is impossible to determine which denomination this actually represents, though the physical mismatch strongly suggests these are two different notes photographed together rather than a single genuine banknote.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 500 Dong (front) / 200 Dong (back)
series_name: Third Liberation series
series_range: 1987–1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Dong (second series)
successor_currency: Dong (revalued series, 1991)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM
material: paper
watermark: Portrait of Ho Chi Minh
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#d2691e
portrait_subject: Ho Chi Minh
reverse_subject: Ho Chi Minh
themes: statesman,commemorative
language_script: Latin, Vietnamese
languages: vi
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:34
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:36:34
front_description:
  Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader, president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death, and founding father of modern Vietnam. He led the Vietnamese independence movement against French colonial rule and the subsequent reunification struggle; he remains the most revered figure in Vietnamese history and appears on all Vietnamese banknotes since independence. The note displays the national emblem of Vietnam (coat of arms with star, rice, and cogwheel) at left, lotus flowers, and ornate traditional Vietnamese decorative motifs throughout.

back_description:
  Ho Chi Minh portrait repeated on the reverse, with the national emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at center left. The inscription 'HAI TRAM DONG' (200 Dong) appears prominently, with date '1987' at lower left corner. Traditional Vietnamese decorative patterns and geometric designs frame the composition.

historical_notes:
  This note exhibits a denomination mismatch between front (500 Dong) and back (200 Dong), strongly suggesting these are images of two different notes rather than the front and back of the same note. Both belong to the third 'Liberation' series of Vietnamese dong issued 1987–1991 during a period of severe hyperinflation. The front is dated 1988, while the back is dated 1987. The entire series was demonetized in 1991 when Vietnam conducted a currency reform replacing 10 old dong with 1 new dong. Serial number 'DG 8248938' appears on the 500 dong front; serial 'MK 1237793' appears on the 200 dong back. These notes circulated during Vietnam's transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy (Doi Moi reforms). The repeated use of Ho Chi Minh's portrait on both denominations reflects his status as the paramount symbol of Vietnamese national identity and socialist revolution.


country: Vietnam
currency: VND
denomination: 200 dong
series_range: 1987–1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
successor_currency: Vietnamese dong (revalued 1985)
issuer: State Bank of Vietnam
issuer_native: Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c19a6b,#d2b48c,#8b4513
themes: agriculture,industry,transport
pick_number: P-99a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Vietnamese (Latin script)
languages: vi
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:01
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:01
front_description:
  Agricultural tractor in a rice field with workers harvesting. The scene represents Vietnam's socialist emphasis on mechanized agriculture and collective farming during the post-reunification period. The State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) issued this series during the late 1980s economic reform period known as Đổi Mới, which began in 1986 and transitioned Vietnam toward a socialist-oriented market economy.

back_description:
  This is a mismatched banknote back. The reverse shown is from a Venezuelan 1 Bolívar note issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela, dated October 5, 1989. The back features signatures of the President and First Vice President, with text "PAGADEROS AL PORTADOR EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO" (Payable to bearer at the bank offices). This does not correspond to the Vietnamese 200 dong front.

historical_notes:
  The front depicts a Vietnamese 200 dong note from the 1987–1991 series, issued by the State Bank of Vietnam during a period of severe hyperinflation. Vietnam underwent currency reforms with new dong introduced in 1985 at 10:1, though inflation continued through the late 1980s until economic reforms (Đổi Mới) stabilized the economy in the early 1990s. These notes were withdrawn from circulation in 1991 during subsequent currency reforms. The depicted tractor and agricultural scene emphasize the socialist state's focus on mechanized collective farming. The back image is from an entirely different note (Venezuela 1 Bolívar, 1989), indicating these are not matching photographs of the same banknote.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 10 Bolívares
issue_year: 1981
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008
successor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
signatures: Presidente: [illegible signature]; Primer Vice-Presidente: [illegible signature]
printer: American Bank Note Company
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #5c4d6b,#f5e6d3,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Antonio José de Sucre
reverse_subject: Independence monument
themes: statesman,military,commemorative,independence
pick_number: 60
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:40
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:40
front_description:
  Independence monument at center, depicting the Battle of Carabobo Monument in Valencia, Venezuela. This allegorical sculpture complex, unveiled in 1921, commemorates the decisive Battle of Carabobo (June 24, 1821) that secured Venezuelan independence from Spain. The monument features equestrian statues and allegorical figures representing liberty and the republic. At right, the coat of arms of Venezuela within an ornamental medallion, showing the national emblem adopted in 1836 featuring a white horse galloping left (representing independence and freedom), wheat sheaves, and flags.

back_description:
  Antonio José de Sucre (1795–1830), Venezuelan independence leader, military strategist, and Grand Marshal of Ayacucho. Sucre was Simón Bolívar's most trusted general and served as the second President of Bolivia (1825–1828). He played a decisive role in the liberation of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule, and his victory at the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) effectively ended Spanish colonial dominance in South America. He is revered as one of Latin America's greatest military heroes and appears on numerous Venezuelan banknotes.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1981 issue of Venezuelan bolívares printed by the American Bank Note Company, clearly indicated by the printer's imprint at the bottom of the front. The date 'OCTUBRE 16 DE 1981' is printed on the back, establishing the specific issue date. This series circulated during Venezuela's oil-boom era before the economic crises of the late 20th century. The Venezuelan bolívar (VEB) was eventually replaced by the bolívar fuerte (VEF) in 2008 at a rate of 1000:1 due to hyperinflation, making these older notes demonetized. The 10 bolívares denomination featured Antonio José de Sucre, one of the most honored figures of South American independence, and the Carabobo monument celebrating Venezuela's definitive independence victory.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 10
issue_year: 1976
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008
successor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
signatures: Presidente: Apuleyo Prieto; Primer Vice-Presidente: [signature illegible]
printer: American Bank Note Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in oval frame
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d8c8b8,#9b8fa8,#c8e6c9
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre
reverse_subject: Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre
themes: statesman,military,independence
pick_number: 51g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:40
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:37:42
front_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire. Known as El Libertador, he is the most influential figure in Latin American independence movements and remains the paramount national hero of Venezuela, honored on virtually all Venezuelan currency. The front displays the national coat of arms of Venezuela with the motto 'INDEPENDENCIA 19 DE ABRIL DE 1810' and 'FEDERACION 20 DE FEBRERO DE 1859' alongside 'REPUBLICA DE VENEZUELA', with decorative flora including indigenous plants.

back_description:
  Dual portraits of Simón Bolívar (left, labeled 'BOLIVAR-LIBERTADOR') and Antonio José de Sucre (right, labeled 'MARISCAL SUCRE'). Sucre (1795–1830) was Bolívar's closest ally and finest general, serving as President of Bolivia and leading the decisive Battle of Ayacucho (1824) that secured South American independence. The back bears the date 'ENERO-27-1976' and the text 'DIEZ BOLIVARES PAGADEROS AL PORTADOR EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO' (Ten Bolívares payable to bearer at the bank's offices).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1971–1989 series of Venezuelan bolívares issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela. The printed date 'ENERO-27-1976' (January 27, 1976) indicates the specific issue date for this printing. This series featured portraits of independence heroes and remained in circulation until the 1989 monetary reform. The dual portrait of Bolívar and Sucre emphasizes Venezuela's founding role in Latin American independence. Venezuela experienced currency reforms in 2008 (Bolívar Fuerte, removing 3 zeros) and 2018 (Bolívar Soberano, removing 5 zeros), making these old bolívares demonetized. The American Bank Note Company printed Venezuelan currency extensively during this period under contract with the Banco Central de Venezuela.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 2000 Bolívares / 20 Bolívares
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte redenomination series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2016-2018
issue_year: 2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano (VES)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
signatures: Presidente: Eudomar Tovar; Primer Vice-Presidente: [signature present]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Venezuelan coat of arms in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4af6a,#8b9a8b,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Rafael Urdaneta
reverse_subject: Harpy Eagle in Canaima National Park
themes: military,wildlife,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Monetary reconversion overprint 2000 Bolívares → 20 Bolívares
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:00
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:00
front_description:
  Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja), the national bird of Panama and the largest raptor in the Americas, shown perched; the note identifies the specimen as photographed at Canaima National Park. The inscription 'Salto Ucaima y Tepuyes Venado y Kurun, Parque Nacional Canaima' references specific locations and tepui formations in Venezuela's UNESCO World Heritage site. This note is part of Venezuela's 2016 monetary reconversion, where the original 2000 Bolívares denomination was overprinted to represent 20 Bolívares following the removal of three zeros from the currency during hyperinflation.

back_description:
  General Rafael Urdaneta (1788–1845), Venezuelan military leader and hero of the wars of independence against Spain. He served as the last president of Gran Colombia (1830–1831) after Simón Bolívar's resignation, and was one of Bolívar's most trusted generals. The portrait shows him in full military dress uniform with medals and decorations. The date 'OCTUBRE-29-1979' printed on the note references October 29, 1979, the date this 20 Bolívares design series was originally authorized, though this specific overprinted note was issued in 2016.

historical_notes:
  This is a transitional note from Venezuela's 2016 monetary reconversion, when the Bolívar Fuerte underwent redenomination by removing three zeros. Original 2000 Bolívares notes from earlier series were overprinted with '20' to circulate as 20 Bolívares. The back displays 'OCTUBRE-29-1979', the authorization date of the original 20 Bolívares design featuring Rafael Urdaneta, which was part of Venezuela's long-running series. The front was redesigned with wildlife imagery (the Harpy Eagle) as part of Venezuela's efforts to feature national natural heritage. Serial number A12055427 is visible on the back. This reconversion was short-lived; in 2018, Venezuela implemented another redenomination (removing five zeros) to create the Bolívar Soberano, demonetizing these notes. The hyperinflationary period of 2016–2018 saw Venezuela issue increasingly high denominations, making these overprinted transitional notes artifacts of extreme monetary instability.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 20
series_name: Bolívar series
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008
successor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Simón Bolívar portrait in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a3,#8b7355,#e8d7be
reverse_subject: Morrocoy turtle
themes: military,wildlife,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Battle of Lake Maracaibo
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:04
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:04
front_description:
  The Battle of Lake Maracaibo (24 July 1823), the decisive naval engagement that secured Venezuelan independence from Spain. The scene depicts Admiral José Prudencio Padilla's patriot fleet engaging and defeating the Spanish royalist squadron commanded by Captain Ángel Laborde y Navarro, ending Spanish naval presence in northern South America. This victory, fought near the entrance to Lake Maracaibo in present-day Zulia State, came two years after Bolívar's land victories and is celebrated as one of the most important naval battles in Latin American independence history.

back_description:
  Morrocoy turtle (Chelonoidis carbonaria), also known as the red-footed tortoise, a terrestrial species native to northern South America including Venezuela. Found in tropical forests, savannas and dry forest habitats throughout the country, this tortoise is culturally significant in Venezuela and represents the nation's biodiversity. The species faces habitat loss but remains an emblematic animal of Venezuelan fauna.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Venezuelan Bolívar series issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela during the late 1990s and early 2000s, before the 2008 currency redenomination that introduced the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF) at a ratio of 1000:1. The front commemorates the Battle of Lake Maracaibo (1823), the final major naval battle of the Venezuelan War of Independence. The 20 Bolívares denomination was a mid-range value in everyday circulation before hyperinflation rendered it nearly worthless. Serial number N72222677 visible on the reverse. The note was demonetized on 1 January 2008 when the Bolívar Fuerte replaced the old Bolívar. No known public serial-year encoding identified for Banco Central de Venezuela. The exact issue year cannot be determined from visible evidence; the design style and security features suggest late 1990s to early 2000s production, but without additional catalogue reference or visible date, a precise year cannot be assigned.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 5
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of Pedro Camejo in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, latent_image
color_palette: #d2a679,#8fbc8f,#a0522d
portrait_subject: Pedro Camejo
reverse_subject: Sabana de Arauca
themes: military,indigenous_culture,wildlife
pick_number: 89
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:42
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:23
front_description:
  Pedro Camejo (c. 1790–1821), known as 'Negro Primero' ('The First Black'), a Venezuelan llanero of indigenous and African descent who served as a soldier in Simón Bolívar's army during the Wars of Independence. He is celebrated as a national hero for his bravery at the Battle of Carabobo (1821) where he was mortally wounded; his legendary last words to General José Antonio Páez—'I came to tell you goodbye, because I am dead'—made him an enduring symbol of Afro-Venezuelan and indigenous contributions to independence. The front also features the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and the text 'Parque Nacional Henri Pittier - Valle de Aragua' near the center.

back_description:
  Sabana de Arauca, the vast tropical grassland plains (llanos) of the Arauca River region in western Venezuela, a landscape central to Venezuelan identity and llanero culture. The back depicts stylised imagery of the llanos flora, including palm trees and native vegetation, symbolising the natural heritage and agricultural importance of the plains. The number '2' appears prominently, along with the text 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' and 'DOS BOLÍVARES'.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on 1 January 2008 as part of a monetary reform that redenominated the Venezuelan bolívar at a rate of 1,000:1 (removing three zeros from the old bolívar). The reform aimed to simplify transactions amid inflation. The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan independence heroes and natural landmarks. Pedro Camejo, an Afro-indigenous llanero who fought at Carabobo, was chosen for the 5 bolívares note to honour marginalised communities' role in independence. Henri Pittier National Park (Valle de Aragua), referenced on the front, is Venezuela's oldest national park (1937). The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on 20 August 2018 at a rate of 100,000:1 as hyperinflation rendered the currency unworkable. Serial number F87796418 visible on the back; no documented serial-year encoding identified for Venezuelan notes.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 1000
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2007–2018
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #c8a2c8,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Giant armadillo
themes: statesman,military,wildlife
pick_number: 95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:42
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:42
front_description:
  Giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cachicamo Gigante, the largest species of armadillo native to South America including Venezuela's Llanos grasslands. This armored mammal is listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting; it can weigh up to 50 kg and has up to 100 teeth. The species is an emblem of Venezuela's rich biodiversity and appears on this denomination alongside the Venezuelan coat of arms at left.

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader known as El Libertador. He led the independence movement that liberated much of South America from Spanish rule, founding Gran Colombia and serving as president of multiple nations. Bolívar is Venezuela's most venerated historical figure and appears on virtually every denomination of Venezuelan currency across multiple series.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series issued from 2007 to 2018 during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis. The Bolívar Fuerte (VEF, 'Strong Bolívar') replaced the previous Bolívar at a rate of 1000:1 in 2008. Despite the redenomination, hyperinflation continued, necessitating higher and higher denominations. The 1000 Bolívares note with 2016 series date was issued during the peak inflation period. The note carries the signature text 'PRIMER VICEPRESIDENTE BCV' and 'PRESIDENTE BCV' though individual names are not clearly legible in these images. The serial number prefix 'L' corresponds to documented print blocks from 2016–2017. This currency was fully demonetized on August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano at a conversion rate of 100,000:1. By late 2017, this 1000 Bolívares note had virtually no purchasing power due to hyperinflation exceeding 1,000,000% annually.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 2
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Marine Pink Dolphin portrait in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,uv,see_through_register,latent_image,intaglio
color_palette: #f5deb3,#87ceeb,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 88
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:38:45
front_description:
  The Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), also known as the Amazon river dolphin or boto, an endemic freshwater cetacean of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. The species is culturally significant to indigenous peoples of Venezuela and is featured as the central motif on this denomination. The front also displays the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and includes text identifying the location as 'Parque Nacional Médanos de Coro' (Médanos de Coro National Park), Venezuela's first UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its dramatic sand dunes. The note is part of the Bolívar Fuerte redenomination introduced in 2007, which removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar currency.

back_description:
  The Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) shown in greater detail, emphasizing the species' distinctive features. The back includes the denomination '10' in the corner (corresponding to 10 in the previous currency scale) and features microtext and security elements. The boto is an endangered species and holds deep cultural significance in Venezuelan and broader Amazonian indigenous mythology, where it is often associated with transformation legends and river spirits.

historical_notes:
  This 2 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on January 1, 2007, as part of a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar (VEB). The conversion rate was 1 Bolívar Fuerte = 1,000 old Bolívares. The series was in circulation from 2007 until August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano (Sovereign Bolívar) following hyperinflation. This wildlife-themed series represented an effort to celebrate Venezuela's natural heritage. The note features advanced security elements including a windowed security thread, see-through register, latent images, and UV-reactive elements. Serial number format analysis for Venezuelan notes of this era does not encode specific year information; the printed date indicators and series documentation provide the primary dating evidence. The Marine Pink Dolphin theme connects to both environmental conservation efforts and indigenous cultural heritage.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 10
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d4a574,#8eb4c8,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: White-fronted capuchin monkey
reverse_subject: Simón Bolívar
themes: wildlife,statesman,military
pick_number: P-90
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:07
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:43
front_description:
  White-fronted capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons), native to northern South America including Venezuela's tropical forests. The species is known for its intelligence and adaptability. The design features the Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park in Zulia state, a significant protected wetland ecosystem, with text reading 'Parque Nacional Ciénaga de Juan Manuel - Relámpago del Catatumbo' referencing the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left.

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led independence movements across South America, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule. Known as 'El Libertador', Bolívar is the most revered figure in Venezuelan history and the namesake of the national currency. The portrait is rendered in fine-line intaglio engraving. The numeral '20' appears at right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on January 1, 2008, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros (1000 old bolívares = 1 bolívar fuerte). The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan wildlife on the obverse with portraits of independence heroes on the reverse. This 10 bolívares fuerte note was part of the original denomination structure. The currency was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on August 20, 2018, following severe hyperinflation, with another redenomination removing five zeros. Pick P-90 is well-documented for this denomination. The white-fronted capuchin and Catatumbo lightning (the world's greatest single generator of tropospheric ozone) represent Venezuela's natural biodiversity and unique meteorological phenomena.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 20
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Loggerhead sea turtle in clear field at right
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,uv,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8fbc8f,#2f4f4f
reverse_subject: Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi
themes: wildlife,statesman,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 91
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:13
front_description:
  Two loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) swimming, with the inscription identifying them as being from "Montañas de Macanao, Parque Nacional Laguna de La Restinga." The loggerhead turtle is an endangered marine species that nests on Venezuelan Caribbean shores; Laguna de La Restinga National Park on Margarita Island is a critical mangrove and coastal ecosystem habitat. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left, featuring the traditional tricolor shield with symbols of agricultural abundance, military victory, and independence. A small turtle icon in the upper right corner serves as a see-through register with the back.

back_description:
  Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi (1799–1866), Venezuelan independence heroine and wife of independence fighter Juan Bautista Arismendi. At age 15 she was imprisoned by Spanish royalist forces in 1815 as leverage against her husband's guerrilla resistance on Margarita Island; she endured torture and harsh conditions while pregnant, giving birth in captivity to a daughter who died shortly after. Despite immense suffering she refused to betray the patriot cause. Released in 1816 after prisoner exchanges, she became a symbol of Venezuelan women's courage and sacrifice during the wars of independence. Her portrait is adapted from a painting by Martín Tovar y Tovar. The denomination is printed vertically at left as "CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES" and the note bears the serial number K61426335.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ("strong bolívar") series introduced on 1 January 2008 as part of a currency reform that removed three zeros from the previous bolívar. The reform was enacted under President Hugo Chávez to address hyperinflation and simplify transactions. The series ran from 2007 (first print date) through 2018 and featured Venezuelan wildlife and independence heroes. The 20 bolívares fuertes denomination depicted loggerhead sea turtles on the front and independence heroine Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi on the back. The Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced on 20 August 2018 by the Bolívar Soberano, which removed five zeros in response to accelerating hyperinflation; all Bolívar Fuerte notes were demonetized on that date. The note was printed by Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela and features modern security elements including a windowed security thread, holographic foil patch, microprinting, UV-reactive inks, intaglio printing, and a see-through register (the turtle icon that aligns front-to-back). The serial number format follows standard BCV practice with a letter prefix and eight-digit numeric sequence.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 500
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar (VEB)
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano (VES)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Capybara head in clear field at center-right
security_features: thread,microprint,watermark,uv,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a373,#b8c9d9,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Capybara
reverse_subject: Capybara
themes: wildlife
pick_number: P-94d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:49
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:49
front_description:
  Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the world's largest living rodent, native to South America including Venezuela's wetlands and river systems. The capybara is a semi-aquatic herbivore found throughout Venezuelan grasslands and riverbanks, and it appears on this note as part of Venezuela's wildlife-themed currency series issued during the period of hyperinflation. The Venezuelan coat of arms is at left.

back_description:
  Capybara in natural habitat, shown in profile with detailed engraving emphasizing the animal's distinctive features. The back design reinforces the wildlife theme by depicting the capybara in its native wetland environment. The text 'MIL BOLIVARES' indicates the redenomination context, and the serial number L11279839 appears twice.

historical_notes:
  This 500 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series (2007–2018), which replaced the previous Bolívar currency at a rate of 1000:1 in 2008 as Venezuela's first major redenomination attempt during accelerating inflation. The 2016 series introduced wildlife themes across denominations. By 2018, hyperinflation rendered the Bolívar Fuerte worthless, and it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano (removing five zeros) on August 20, 2018. The capybara was chosen to represent Venezuelan biodiversity on the 500-denomination note. This note is now demonetized and no longer legal tender.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 100
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2018
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2018
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2021-10-01
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, see_through_register, latent_image, optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d4a574,#e6d5c3,#8b5a3c
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Cardenalitos (Red Siskin)
themes: statesman,military,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-93g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:51
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:51
front_description:
  Cardenalitos (Red Siskin, Spinus cucullatus), a small passerine bird endemic to northern South America, particularly Venezuela, Colombia and Guyana. The species is critically endangered due to habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade; it appears on this note as part of Venezuela's celebration of its natural biodiversity. The text identifies the birds as being from Parque Nacional El Ávila, the mountain range overlooking Caracas.

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements across much of South America from Spanish colonial rule. Known as El Libertador, Bolívar liberated present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia; Venezuela's currency has been named after him since 1879. He appears on virtually every denomination of Venezuelan banknotes and is the most honoured figure in the nation's history.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series issued from 2007–2018, introduced during the currency redenomination that replaced the old Bolívar at a rate of 1,000:1. The series was characterized by wildlife and natural heritage themes on the obverse paired with portraits of national heroes on the reverse. The printed date '5 DE JUNIO DE 2018' indicates this specific note was issued in mid-2018, during the final months before the Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 (at 100,000:1) due to hyperinflation. The Bolívar Soberano was subsequently replaced by a redenominated digital Bolívar in 2021. Serial number format with prefix 'G' is consistent with late-series production.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 50
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2018
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2018
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Spectacled bear head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,latent_image,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4e5b5,#f5deb3,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
themes: statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-105
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:52
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:39:52
front_description:
  Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), South America's only native bear species and endemic to the Andes mountain ranges. The species is classified as vulnerable and is found in cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia; Sierra Nevada National Park in Venezuela provides critical habitat for this species. The front features the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and the denomination '50 CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES' with text indicating 'CASA DE LA MONEDA VENEZUELA' and 'Oso Frontino Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada' (Spectacled Bear, Sierra Nevada National Park).

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements against Spanish rule across much of South America, liberating present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia. Known as 'El Libertador' (The Liberator), he is the most revered figure in Venezuelan and Latin American history, and Venezuela's currency is named in his honour. The back inscription reads 'CIEN BOLÍVARES' (One Hundred Bolívares) and includes the date '24 DE MARZO DE 2008' and signatures of bank officials with 'PRESIDENTE DEL BCV' visible.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced in 2007 during a currency reform that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar currency (VEB). The reform was part of President Hugo Chávez's economic policies. The 50-bolívar denomination was issued in 2018 during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis. The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on August 20, 2018, with another redenomination removing five zeros. The wildlife-themed design reflects Venezuela's rich biodiversity and conservation efforts, with the spectacled bear representing the country's endangered Andean fauna. Serial number format AL followed by 8 digits is consistent with late Bolívar Fuerte issues. These notes circulated for only a brief period before demonetization due to hyperinflation.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 1000
series_name: Bolívar series
series_range: 1998–2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-01-01
successor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#c19a6b,#8b4789
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-80
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:40:10
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:40:10
front_description:
  Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cachicamo Gigante, and a smaller species of armadillo depicted in their natural grassland habitat. The Giant Armadillo is the largest living armadillo species, native to South America including Venezuela, and listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting. It is featured prominently on this note as part of Venezuela's wildlife preservation efforts and national fauna symbolism. The coat of arms of Venezuela appears at left, with denomination '1000 MIL BOLÍVARES' and issuer 'Banco Central de Venezuela' at top.

back_description:
  Portrait of an unidentified Indigenous Venezuelan figure, likely representing the pre-Columbian peoples of Venezuela. The denomination '50 CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES' appears vertically on the left margin, with 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' printed prominently. The back design incorporates indigenous imagery and cultural motifs celebrating Venezuela's pre-Hispanic heritage, including stylized wildlife and geometric patterns. The note's serial number D27990777 is printed in both upper left and lower right corners.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Bolívares note belongs to the Venezuelan Bolívar series issued during the period 1998–2007 by the Banco Central de Venezuela. The series featured Venezuelan wildlife and indigenous cultural themes. This denomination was part of the original Bolívar currency (ISO code VEB) which experienced severe hyperinflation in the 2000s. In 2008, Venezuela implemented a currency redenomination, replacing the Bolívar with the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF) at a rate of 1000:1, making this note worth 1 Bolívar Fuerte after conversion. The note was demonetized on January 1, 2008. The armadillo motif represents Venezuela's commitment to biodiversity conservation and national identity through its unique fauna. The precise issue year within the 1998–2007 range cannot be determined from the visible features, as no printed date appears on the note and no documented serial-year encoding is identified for Banco Central de Venezuela notes of this era.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 50
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar (VEB)
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano (VES)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Puma Moriche cornered-shape watermark at upper right
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,uv,intaglio,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register
color_palette: #d8a0a0,#e8d8b8,#9c6090
portrait_subject: Puma (Puma concolor)
reverse_subject: Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus)
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 92
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:40:35
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:40:35
front_description:
  Puma Moriche (Puma concolor), a large wild cat native to the Americas and Venezuela's fauna. The puma is depicted in purple ink at center, representing Venezuela's biodiversity and natural heritage. This denomination is part of the fauna-themed Bolívar Fuerte series that replaced the hyperinflation-ravaged Bolívar at 1000:1 in 2007. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left, and 'Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela' is printed in fine text.

back_description:
  Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), the largest living armadillo species found in South America including Venezuela's llanos and forests. This endangered species is depicted in purple at center, highlighting conservation themes. The denomination '100' appears prominently, showing the dual-denomination printing error common in Venezuelan emergency currency during this period. Serial number F57284077 is printed at top left and bottom right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series introduced on January 1, 2007, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros (1000 old bolívares = 1 bolívar fuerte). The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan fauna rather than historical figures. However, this particular note shows a printing error where '100' appears on the reverse instead of '50', creating a denomination mismatch—a documented phenomenon from this troubled currency period. The Bolívar Fuerte itself was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 following continued hyperinflation, with another redenomination at 100,000:1. The wildlife theme reflected President Chávez's emphasis on national identity and natural resources. Printed by Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela (Venezuelan Mint).


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 5 Bolívares
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2018
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2018
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2021-08-06
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Digital
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of a historical figure in clear field
security_features: hologram,microprint,latent_image,see_through_register,raised_print
color_palette: #f5deb3,#cd853f,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Pedro Camejo
reverse_subject: Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus)
themes: military,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-89c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
front_description:
  Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cuspón or Cachicamo Gigante, the largest species of armadillo found in South America including the Venezuelan Llanos. The front features an adult and juvenile armadillo, representing Venezuela's biodiversity and natural heritage. The species is listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting, making its depiction on currency part of conservation awareness efforts.

back_description:
  Pedro Camejo (c. 1790–1821), known as 'Negro Primero' (The First Black), Venezuelan military hero who fought in Simón Bolívar's army during the War of Independence. Born enslaved, he gained freedom through military service and became a cavalry officer, distinguishing himself in numerous battles. He died at the Battle of Carabobo (1821), famously riding to his commander to report 'I came to tell you goodbye, because I am dead' before succumbing to his wounds. He is honored as a symbol of Afro-Venezuelan contribution to independence.

historical_notes:
  This 5 bolívares note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series introduced in 2007 during a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the old bolívar. The series inscription '15 DE ENERO DE 2018' indicates this specific printing date. The note features wildlife (the giant armadillo) on the front and a military independence hero on the back, following Venezuela's thematic pattern of pairing national biodiversity with historical figures. The serial number format 'C01270477' follows the standard BCV alphanumeric system. The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in 2018 (removing five zeros) and subsequently by the Bolívar Digital in 2021 (removing six more zeros) during Venezuela's hyperinflation crisis. This note was demonetized in August 2021 when the digital bolívar became sole legal tender.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 100000
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte Series
series_year: 2017
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2017
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
security_features: hologram,thread,microprint
color_palette: #e6b8d7,#a8d5ba,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Northern Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus) in Guatopo National Park
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 100
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
front_description:
  Northern Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus), a critically endangered primate species endemic to northern South America, shown swinging from a tree branch in Guatopo National Park. The spider monkey is among Venezuela's most iconic wildlife species, featured on this note to highlight the country's natural heritage and biodiversity. The text 'Mono Araña del Norte / Parque Nacional Guatopo' identifies the subject and location. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left.

back_description:
  Image of a fish (likely the same wildlife theme continuing from front) rendered in blue intaglio. The denomination '10000 / DIEZ MIL / BOLÍVARES' appears vertically. Text includes 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' and legal tender declaration '22 DE ENERO DE 2019 / EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO' along with 'PAGADERO AL PORTADOR / PRIMER VICEPRESIDENTE BCV / PRESIDENTE BCV'. Serial number A05234050 is visible.

historical_notes:
  This 100,000 bolívares fuertes note was issued during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis of 2016-2018. The Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') was introduced in 2008 as a redenomination at 1,000:1 against the old bolívar. By 2017-2018, hyperinflation forced the BCV to issue increasingly high denominations, with 100,000 being among the highest. The date '22 DE ENERO DE 2019' on the back likely refers to a series authorization date. This currency was demonetized on August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano at 100,000:1. The wildlife theme emphasizes Venezuela's national parks and endangered species, particularly the critically endangered northern spider monkey found in Henri Pittier and Guatopo National Parks.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 10000 Bolívares
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2016–2018
issue_year: 2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,optically_variable_ink,see_through_register
color_palette: #f5deb3,#4682b4,#d8a48f
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Simón Bolívar
themes: statesman,military,commemorative
pick_number: P-98
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
front_description:
  The Mausoleo del Libertador Simón Bolívar (Pantheon of the Liberator) in Caracas, Venezuela, the final resting place of Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama from Spanish colonial rule. The mausoleum, located in the National Pantheon of Venezuela, is one of the most important national monuments. Bolívar is among the most revered figures in Latin American history and appears on virtually all Venezuelan currency.

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), El Libertador, Venezuelan military and political leader who played a key role in the independence of six South American countries from Spanish rule. Known as the George Washington of South America, he led revolutionary campaigns across the continent and is honoured throughout Latin America. His vision of a united Latin America and his military genius made him one of history's most significant independence leaders. This portrait appears on nearly all Venezuelan banknotes as the nation's founding father.

historical_notes:
  This 10,000 Bolívares note belongs to the 2016–2018 Bolívar Fuerte series issued during Venezuela's escalating hyperinflation crisis. The date '18 DE AGOSTO DE 2016' appears on the back, indicating the legal decree date for this issue. This was one of the highest denominations issued in the Bolívar Fuerte currency before the 2018 monetary conversion to Bolívar Soberano (which removed five zeros). The note was legal tender for only about two years before demonetization. During this period, Venezuela experienced one of the worst hyperinflation episodes in modern history, rendering high-denomination notes nearly worthless within months of issue. The serial number A15476236 follows the standard Venezuelan format. The text 'PRIMER VICEPRIMER VICY' (partially visible) refers to legal provisions. Despite being a recent issue, these notes are now obsolete and serve primarily as historical artifacts of Venezuela's economic crisis.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEB
denomination: 20000
series_name: Bolívar series
series_range: 1998-2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-01-01
successor_currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda - Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Venezuelan coat of arms
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a373,#c85a54,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Leatherback sea turtle
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-85
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:41:13
front_description:
  Venezuelan red siskin (Spinus cucullatus) and turpial birds with botanical elements including cocoa pods and coffee plant. The red siskin is an endangered songbird endemic to northern Venezuela and Colombia, highly prized historically for aviculture. The turpial (Icterus icterus) is Venezuela's national bird. The front also displays the Venezuelan coat of arms at left featuring a white horse, wheat sheaves, and weapons, symbolizing independence, agriculture, and victory. The text 'Cardenalitos Parque Nacional El Ávila' references both the species depicted and El Ávila National Park (now Waraira Repano), the mountain range protecting Caracas.

back_description:
  Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), the largest living turtle species, which nests on Venezuelan Caribbean beaches. This critically endangered marine reptile can weigh up to 900 kg and dive to depths exceeding 1,000 meters. Venezuela's coastline provides important nesting habitat for this species. The design emphasizes environmental conservation themes common to Venezuelan currency of this period, highlighting the nation's biodiversity.

historical_notes:
  This 20,000 bolívares note belongs to the bolívar series issued by Banco Central de Venezuela during the period 1998-2007, prior to the 2008 redenomination that introduced the bolívar fuerte at a rate of 1,000:1. The series featured Venezuelan wildlife and natural heritage, reflecting national pride in biodiversity. This denomination emerged during a period of significant inflation in Venezuela. The note was demonetized on January 1, 2008, when the bolívar fuerte (VEF) replaced the bolívar (VEB). The serial number K28541577 follows standard Venezuelan formatting with a letter prefix. No public serial-year encoding is documented for this issuer during this period.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 20 Bolivares
series_name: Bolivar Fuerte series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007-2018
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolivar
successor_currency: Bolivar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
issuer_native: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Jaguar head in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#a4c8d4
portrait_subject: Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi
reverse_subject: Jaguar (Panthera onca)
themes: statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 91a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:21
front_description:
  Jaguar (Panthera onca), the largest cat species in the Americas and a keystone predator of Venezuela's diverse ecosystems including the Llanos plains and Amazonian rainforest. The note identifies it as inhabiting Parque Nacional Waraira Repano (formerly known as El Ávila National Park), the mountain range protecting Caracas. The jaguar has deep cultural significance in indigenous Venezuelan mythology and represents the country's commitment to wildlife conservation.

back_description:
  Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi (1799-1866), Venezuelan independence heroine who endured imprisonment and torture by Spanish royalists while pregnant, refusing to betray the independence cause even after losing her child. Wife of independence leader Juan Bautista Arismendi, she became a symbol of women's courage and sacrifice during Venezuela's wars of independence. She is one of the most honoured female figures in Venezuelan history, representing resilience and patriotism.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolivar Fuerte (Strong Bolivar) series introduced on January 1, 2007, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros from the old bolivar (VEB) due to inflation. The series was issued from 2007 until 2018, when hyperinflation necessitated another redenomination to the Bolivar Soberano. The 20 bolivares denomination was part of the initial release and featured Venezuela's wildlife and independence heroes. This series was demonetized on August 20, 2018. The design emphasizes both natural heritage (the jaguar, Venezuela's apex predator) and independence history (Luisa Cáceres). The serial number format and prefix structure are standard for this series, with no documented serial-year encoding. This particular note with serial S04553177 would have been from the regular production run.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 2
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2018
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
printer: Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Coat of arms of Venezuela in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #87ceeb,#f5deb3,#cd853f
reverse_subject: Toninas (boto/Amazon river dolphin) from Los Médanos de Coro National Park
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-88
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:21
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:21
front_description:
  The Toninas (Inia geoffrensis), Amazon river dolphins, depicted in their natural habitat. These freshwater dolphins are endemic to South American river systems and are culturally significant to indigenous communities. The front specifically features imagery from Los Médanos de Coro National Park, Venezuela's only desert area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Falcón State. The denomination text reads 'DOS BOLÍVARES' and shows the Venezuelan coat of arms at left.

back_description:
  A stylized Tonina (Amazon river dolphin) in profile, set against an abstract aquatic background with vegetation motifs. The back reinforces the wildlife conservation theme central to the Bolívar Fuerte series, with the denomination '2' and 'CINCO BOLÍVARES' (an apparent error in the inscription visible as '10' with text reading República Bolivariana de Venezuela). Serial number C26219677 visible at upper left and lower right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela from 2008–2018, created during a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar (VEB), with 1 Bolívar Fuerte = 1,000 old Bolívares. The series was introduced on January 1, 2008 under President Hugo Chávez to combat hyperinflation, though inflation continued. The 2 Bolívares note emphasized Venezuelan wildlife and natural heritage. The Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 (removing five zeros), which was then replaced by the Digital Bolívar in 2021 (removing six more zeros). The date '18 DE MARZO DE 2008' is printed on the series, marking the official issue date. Serial format uses letter-number-number-number-number-number-number-number structure typical of Venezuelan notes.


country: Venezuela
currency: VEF
denomination: 500 Bolívares
series_name: Bolívar Fuerte series
series_year: 2016
series_range: 2007–2018
issue_year: 2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-08-20
predecessor_currency: Bolívar
successor_currency: Bolívar Soberano
issuer: Banco Central de Venezuela
signatures: Primer Vicepresidente BCV; Presidente BCV
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x69
watermark: Tonina (Sotalia fluviatilis) dolphin in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Simón Bolívar
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture,statesman
pick_number: 95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:22
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:42:22
front_description:
  The Tonina or Amazon river dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis), an endemic freshwater dolphin species found in Venezuela's Orinoco River basin and depicted in its natural habitat among aquatic vegetation. The note also features the Guaiana Flor from Parque Nacional Médanos de Coro, a protected natural area on Venezuela's northwestern coast known for its unique sand dune ecosystem and coastal biodiversity, representing Venezuela's commitment to environmental conservation.

back_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), the Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements across much of South America from Spanish rule. Known as El Libertador, Bolívar liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (named in his honor) from the Spanish Empire and is the most venerated figure in Venezuelan history, appearing on virtually all Venezuelan currency since independence.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series introduced in 2007 during President Hugo Chávez's redenomination that removed three zeros from the old Bolívar currency. The 500 Bolívares Fuertes note was introduced on December 27, 2016, as hyperinflation began accelerating in Venezuela. The inscription 'DOS BOLÍVARES' visible on the back is a conversion marker: this note was redenominated as 2 Bolívares Soberanos when the Bolívar Fuerte was replaced in August 2018 by another redenomination removing five zeros. This series featured Venezuelan wildlife and natural landmarks on the obverse with historical figures on the reverse. Serial prefix 'L' corresponds to a 2016–2017 production block. The note became demonetized on August 20, 2018, though it briefly circulated with an overprinted conversion value before full withdrawal.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 10 Dinara
series_name: 1944 Provisional issue
series_range: 1944–1945
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1965
successor_currency: New Dinar (1965 reform)
issuer: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (provisional government)
issuer_native: Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија
material: paper
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4a574,#f5f5dc
reverse_subject: Young partisan fighter
themes: military,statesman,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Liberation and establishment of socialist Yugoslavia
pick_number: P-50
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin and Cyrillic
languages: sr,sl,mk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:43:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:43:44
front_description:
  This is a 10 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), issued during or immediately after World War II as part of the provisional currency. The front features elaborate guilloche patterns and the denomination displayed prominently in a central medallion, with text in multiple Yugoslav languages (Serbo-Croatian in Latin and Cyrillic scripts, Slovenian, Macedonian). The inscription 'FALSIFIKOVANJE SE KAŽNJAVA PO ZAKONU' (Counterfeiting is punished by law) appears in multiple scripts. This design reflects the multilingual nature of the newly formed federal socialist state.

back_description:
  Portrait of a young partisan fighter wearing a cap (titovka), representing the Yugoslav Partisans who fought against Axis occupation during World War II under Josip Broz Tito. The portrait symbolizes the liberation struggle and the founding military force of socialist Yugoslavia. The denomination '1 DINAR' appears in multiple scripts alongside counterfeiting warnings in Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The text 'SRBIJA HRVATSKA SLOVENIJA' appears vertically, referencing the constituent republics.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1944 provisional issue (P-50), the first currency series of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (later renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945–1946). These notes were issued during the final phase of World War II and the immediate postwar period, replacing occupation currencies and older Kingdom of Yugoslavia notes. The series was designed to serve the newly liberated territories and reflected the partisan movement's victory. The multilingual inscriptions (Latin and Cyrillic Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian) emphasized the federal nature of the new state composed of six socialist republics. The 10 Dinara denomination was one of the lower values in this series, which ranged from 1 to 1000 Dinara. This currency remained in circulation through various reforms until being replaced by subsequent dinar revaluations, with final demonetization occurring during the 1960s reforms. The designer signatures include 'M. PETROVIĆ FEC.' and 'B. KOCMUT SC.' visible at the bottom of the front.


country: Yemen
currency: Yemeni Rial
denomination: 1 Rial
era: 1990_present
issuer: Central Bank of Yemen
issuer_native: البنك المركزي اليمني
material: paper
color_palette: #8b7355,#4a5d23,#d4c4b0
themes: agriculture
language_script: Arabic, Latin
languages: ar,sr
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:05
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:05
front_description:
  This image shows a 1 Rial note from the Central Bank of Yemen featuring an agricultural scene with coffee plants (qat or coffee trees) in the foreground and mountains in the background. Yemen has historically been famous for coffee cultivation, particularly Mocha coffee from the port of Al-Mokha. The note emphasizes Yemen's agricultural heritage with traditional Islamic geometric border patterns.

back_description:
  This image shows a 10 Dinara note from the National Bank of Yugoslavia dated 1.V.1968, featuring an industrial steelworker with welding goggles and protective gear, representing the socialist emphasis on industrial labor and the working class. The Yugoslav socialist state frequently celebrated workers and industrialization on its currency as symbols of national development and communist ideology.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR: The front image is a Yemen Arab Republic 1 Rial note (likely P-11 series, 1969-1973), while the back image is a Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 10 Dinara note (P-82c, dated 1 May 1968). These are two completely different banknotes from different countries. The Yemen note was issued by the Central Bank of Yemen (North Yemen) after the 1962 revolution. The Yugoslav note was part of the 1965-1968 dinar series featuring workers, printed by Zavod za Izradu Novčanica in Belgrade.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 1 Dinar (front) / 50 Dinara (back)
series_name: Democratic Federal Yugoslavia series
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1944–1946
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1946
predecessor_currency: Kingdom of Yugoslavia Dinar
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1946 reform)
issuer: Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Демократска Федеративна Југославија
engraver: M. PETROVIC FEC. / T. KRNAJSKI SC.
material: paper
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#1a1a1a
themes: statesman,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Liberation and establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
language_script: Latin,Cyrillic
languages: sr,hr,sl,mk
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:05
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:05
front_description:
  The coat of arms of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia at center left, featuring the flaming torch (baklja) surrounded by five torches representing the six constituent republics, with a five-pointed star above and wheat sheaves crossed below, tied with a ribbon bearing the date of the uprising. The inscription 'ДЕМОКРАТСКА ФЕДЕРАТИВНА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА' (Democratic Federal Yugoslavia) appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. This design was issued immediately following liberation from Axis occupation in 1944, marking the transition from the Partisan provisional government to the federal state structure that would become socialist Yugoslavia in 1945.

back_description:
  The back displays the denomination '50 DINARA' with text in multiple scripts reading 'ПЕДЕСЕТ ДИНАРА' (fifty dinara) and 'SOCIALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), reflecting the multilingual character of Yugoslavia. The circular emblem at center contains text commemorating the National Liberation War of Yugoslavia (1941–1945). Warning text at bottom regarding counterfeiting penalties appears in multiple languages. The engravers' names 'M. PETROVIC FEC.' and 'T. KRNAJSKI SC.' are printed at lower corners. This note represents the transitional currency issued during the final phase of World War II in Yugoslavia.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR IDENTIFIED: The front image shows a 1 Dinar note with the date '1944' printed in the upper right corner, while the back image shows a 50 Dinara note. These are NOT the front and back of the same banknote. The 1 Dinar front belongs to the initial Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija) issue of 1944, printed during the transitional period as Partisan forces liberated the country from Axis occupation. The 50 Dinara back belongs to a related but different denomination from the same series. This series was issued by the provisional government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (proclaimed November 29, 1943, formalized 1944–1945) before the monarchy was formally abolished and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRJ) was proclaimed in November 1945. These transitional notes circulated 1944–1946 and were replaced during the post-war currency reform. The coat of arms design—featuring the flaming torch (baklja), symbol of Partisan resistance—was used throughout the DFJ period before being modified for the socialist era. Engravers M. Petrović and T. Krnajski are documented as having worked on this emergency wartime issue.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: YUD
denomination: 50
series_name: 1978 Series
series_year: 1978
series_range: 1978-1986
issue_year: 1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1990 reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Zamjenik Guvernera (Deputy Governor): signature visible; Guverner (Governor): signature visible
printer: Zavod za izradu novčanica, Belgrade
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x70
watermark: Portrait visible in clear field
security_features: intaglio,microprint,raised_print
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4af37,#4682b4
portrait_subject: Worker and Peasant
reverse_subject: Denomination rosette with multilingual state name
themes: statesman,industry,agriculture
pick_number: 89a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin and Cyrillic
languages: sr,sl,hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:09
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:09
front_description:
  Allegorical representation of a male worker and female peasant, symbolizing the socialist ideals of labor and agriculture in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This dual portrait design was characteristic of Yugoslav currency during the socialist period, emphasizing the unity of industrial workers and rural farmers as the foundation of the socialist state. The note is issued by the Narodna Banka Jugoslavije (National Bank of Yugoslavia) with text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts reflecting the multilingual nature of the federation. Date and place of issue shown as 'Beograd - Beograd / Belgrad' dated 12.VIII.1978.

back_description:
  Central denomination rosette displaying '100 STO DINARJEV / STO DINARA / СТО ДИНАРИ' with the full name of the issuing state 'SOCIJALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) in Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The design emphasizes the multinational character of Yugoslavia through trilingual denomination expressions (Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian Latin, and Serbian Cyrillic). Legal tender clause visible at bottom in multiple languages.

historical_notes:
  This 50 dinar note belongs to the 1978 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the socialist era under Josip Broz Tito's leadership. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1992) comprised six republics, and its currency reflected this diversity through multilingual text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The 1978 series remained in circulation through the 1980s until hyperinflation in the late 1980s led to currency reforms. The denomination discrepancy (note shows '50 DINARA' on front but '100 STO DINARA' on back) indicates this is a mismatched pair - the front is from a 50 dinar note (P-89) while the back appears to be from a 100 dinar note (P-90). The allegorical worker-peasant imagery was standard socialist iconography emphasizing the worker-peasant alliance as the foundation of the socialist state. The Zavod za izradu novčanica in Belgrade was the state printing works responsible for Yugoslav banknote production.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 100
series_name: 1981 Issue
series_year: 1981
series_range: 1981–1990
issue_year: 1981
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1990 reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Governor: signature visible; Deputy Governor: signature visible
printer: Zavod za izradu novčanica (Banknote Printing Works), Belgrade
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Stylized design in clear field at center-right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #8b4513,#daa520,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Allegorical figures representing labor
reverse_subject: Denomination rosette design
themes: labor,industry,socialist,allegorical
pick_number: 90a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: sr,hr,mk,sl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:10
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:10
front_description:
  Allegorical composition depicting a male worker and female peasant in Socialist Realist style, representing the unity of industrial workers and agricultural laborers in Socialist Yugoslavia. The figures symbolize the working class foundation of the Socialist Federal Republic. This iconographic motif was standard on Yugoslav banknotes during the socialist era, emphasizing the state ideology of workers' solidarity and collective labor. The note is trilingual, reflecting Yugoslavia's multinational character with Cyrillic, Latin, and Macedonian Cyrillic scripts.

back_description:
  Geometric denomination design with ornamental rosette at center displaying '500' within elaborate guilloche patterns and lathe-work borders. The reverse emphasizes the federal structure with the full name of the state repeated in Latin and Cyrillic scripts: 'Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). Security text at bottom warns of punishment for counterfeiting according to law. The symmetrical design with repeated denominations in corners follows standard socialist-era Yugoslav banknote formatting.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1981 issue series of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ), printed by the state banknote works in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica). The date '4.XI.1981.' indicates November 4, 1981 as the issue date. The serial number CF 0047122 follows the standard Yugoslav format with two-letter prefix. This series circulated during the final decade of Socialist Yugoslavia, before the country's dissolution began in 1991. The 100 dinara denomination was a mid-range value during this period. The note features trilingual text (Serbo-Croatian in both Cyrillic and Latin scripts, plus Macedonian Cyrillic) reflecting the federal structure and equality of Yugoslav nations and nationalities. This series was withdrawn with the 1990 currency reform during hyperinflation and is now demonetized.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav dinar
denomination: 500 dinara
series_name: 1978-1981 series
series_year: 1981
series_range: 1978-1981
issue_year: 1981
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
successor_currency: New dinar
issuer: Narodna Banka Jugoslavije
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Guverner: (signature illegible); Zamjenik Guvernera: (signature illegible)
printer: Zavod za izradu novčanica, Beograd
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 172x85
watermark: Portrait in circular guilloche pattern at left
security_features: microprint, intaglio, guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4c5a9,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: Yugoslav woman in traditional folk costume
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: 92a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: sr,mk,sl
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:48
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:48
front_description:
  A woman in traditional Yugoslav folk costume with distinctive headwear, representing the cultural heritage of the South Slavic peoples. The figure symbolizes the unity and diversity of Yugoslavia's constituent republics and ethnic groups during the socialist federal period. The note displays trilingual text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts (Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovenian), reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual character. Dated 4. XI 1981 (November 4, 1981) and issued in Belgrade (Beograd).

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche patterns and rosettes in the center with denomination 1000 dinara prominently displayed. The text 'Socijalističка Federativna Republika Jugoslavija' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) appears in multiple scripts. The reverse design features intricate anti-counterfeiting guilloche work typical of Yugoslav banknotes of this era, with denominations repeated in the corners and multilingual inscriptions.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1978-1981 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the final decade of Josip Broz Tito's rule and the early 1980s period following his death in 1980. The series was printed at the state printing works in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica). The use of traditional folk costume imagery was a deliberate choice to represent Yugoslav unity through cultural heritage rather than political figures. The 500 dinar denomination was a mid-value note during this period of moderate inflation. The note displays signatures of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the National Bank. This series was replaced during the hyperinflationary period of the late 1980s and early 1990s that preceded Yugoslavia's dissolution. The note was demonetized in 1992 following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav dinar
denomination: 1000
series_range: 1978–1981
issue_year: 1981
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
successor_currency: Yugoslav dinar (1992 reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна банка Југославије
signatures: Zamjenik guvernera: (signature visible); Guverner: (signature visible)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x80
watermark: Young woman's portrait in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#8b7355,#2f2f2f
portrait_subject: Young peasant woman
reverse_subject: Port of Rijeka
themes: agriculture,industry,transport
pick_number: 92c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic,Latin
languages: sr,mk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:49
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:49
front_description:
  Portrait of a young peasant woman representing the working people of Yugoslavia, a recurring motif on Yugoslav banknotes symbolizing the socialist ideal of labor and agricultural productivity. The background depicts agricultural scenes with grape harvest, vineyards, a riverboat on the Danube, and rural landscapes, emphasizing Yugoslavia's agricultural economy. The note is trilingual (Serbian Cyrillic, Latin, and Macedonian Cyrillic) reflecting the multinational character of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Date printed: 4.XI.1981 (November 4, 1981), issued under the governorship during the post-Tito period.

back_description:
  Port of Rijeka (Rijeka Harbor), Yugoslavia's principal seaport on the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. The scene shows cargo ships, cranes, and port infrastructure, symbolizing Yugoslavia's maritime trade and industrial capacity. Rijeka was the largest cargo port in Yugoslavia and a vital gateway for the country's exports and imports during the socialist era. Date printed: 19.XII.1974 (December 19, 1974), indicating this is an earlier plate design still in use for the 1981 printing.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 dinara note was issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia on November 4, 1981, during the period following Josip Broz Tito's death in May 1980. The note belongs to a series issued between 1978 and 1981, characterized by themes of labor, agriculture, and industry reflecting socialist Yugoslavia's economic priorities. The trilingual inscriptions (Serbian Cyrillic, Latin script, and Macedonian Cyrillic) represent the country's complex federal structure comprising six republics and two autonomous provinces. The back plate is dated December 19, 1974, indicating reuse of earlier printing plates. Yugoslavia experienced increasing inflation throughout the 1980s, and the dinar underwent several reforms before the country's dissolution in 1992. This note was demonetized following the breakup of Yugoslavia and the establishment of successor states with independent currencies.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: YUD
denomination: 100
series_name: 1978 issue
series_year: 1978
series_range: 1978-1986
issue_year: 1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1990 reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Governor: Dragan Janjović; Deputy Governor: Kosarac
engraver: M. Petrović FEC; T. Krnajić SC
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x72
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4049,#d4af84,#f5f5dc
reverse_subject: Industrial harbor scene with cargo ship and port cranes
themes: industry,transport,architecture
pick_number: 90
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: sh,sl,mk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:54
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:44:54
front_description:
  The front of this 100 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia features a geometric design with the central denomination '100' in an ornate circular guilloche pattern. The text 'STO DINARA / STO DINARJEV / СТО ДИНАРИ' appears in trilingual format (Serbo-Croatian Latin, Slovenian, and Cyrillic), reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual federal structure. A warning about counterfeiting punishment appears at the bottom in three scripts. The note emphasizes Yugoslavia's socialist identity through repeated inscriptions of 'SOCIJALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' in Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

back_description:
  Industrial harbor scene depicting a cargo vessel moored at a port facility with large loading cranes, representing Yugoslavia's industrial and maritime economy during the socialist period. The scene symbolizes the country's focus on heavy industry, international trade, and economic development. The issuing authority 'Narodna Banka Jugoslavije' (National Bank of Yugoslavia) appears in three scripts (Cyrillic, Latin, Macedonian Cyrillic). The note is dated '1.VIII.1978' (1 August 1978) in Belgrade, the federal capital.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Dinara note belongs to the 1978 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the Socialist Federal Republic period (1945-1992). The SFRY Dinar was the official currency of Yugoslavia throughout most of the Cold War era. This series was issued during Tito's final years (he died in 1980) and continued in circulation through the 1980s. The note's design reflects Yugoslav socialist ideology and the country's multilingual, multi-ethnic federal structure, with inscriptions in Latin and Cyrillic scripts representing the six constituent republics. The 1978 series was eventually replaced during Yugoslavia's economic crisis and hyperinflation of the late 1980s, leading to multiple currency reforms in 1990 and beyond. Pick catalogue reference P-90 is well-documented for this denomination and design.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 20 Dinara (front) / 100 Dinara (back)
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
successor_currency: New Dinar
issuer: Narodna Banka Jugoslavije
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Viceguverner; Guverner
printer: Zavod za izradu novcanica, Beograd
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#f5deb3,#8b0000
reverse_subject: The Horses of Lysippos sculpture
themes: statesman,architecture
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: sr,hr,sl,mk
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:08
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:08
front_description:
  This note displays the denomination '20 Dinara' in ornate guilloche design with the text 'SOCIJALISTICKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) in Latin, Cyrillic, and Slovenian scripts. The denomination appears four times in different languages reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual character: Serbian, Croatian/Bosnian, Slovenian, and Macedonian. The elaborate security printing includes rosettes and geometric patterns typical of socialist-era Yugoslav currency.

back_description:
  The Horses of Lysippos (Horses of Saint Mark), a famous quadriga sculpture originally created by Greek sculptor Lysippos in the 4th century BCE. These bronze horses have stood atop St Mark's Basilica in Venice since the 13th century and are among the most celebrated examples of classical sculpture. The denomination shown on the reverse is '100 Dinara', issued by Narodna Banka Jugoslavije (National Bank of Yugoslavia). The date printed is 'XVII 1965', indicating the note was issued in 1965. Signatures of the Vice-Governor and Governor are present, printed in Belgrade.

historical_notes:
  This note presents a significant mismatch between front and back images. The front shows a 20 Dinara design while the back shows 100 Dinara dated 1965. The 100 Dinara reverse from 1965 is a well-documented issue (Pick #80) from the SFR Yugoslavia series issued during the Tito era, featuring the Horses of Saint Mark. The multilingual inscriptions reflect Yugoslavia's federal structure with six republics and multiple official languages. This currency series was part of the post-WWII Yugoslav dinar that circulated until various reforms in the 1990s following the country's dissolution. The visible date 'XVII 1965' on the back indicates this specific 100 Dinara note was issued in 1965. Without a clear match between front and back, attribution of the 20 Dinara front is uncertain.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 20 Dinara
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-01-24
predecessor_currency: Reformed Dinar 1990
successor_currency: 1994 Dinar
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Guverner: signature visible (name illegible)
printer: Zavod za Izradu Novčanica (Banknote Printing Works), Belgrade
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
security_features: microprint,geometric_pattern
color_palette: #8b4789,#d4a76a,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Decorative geometric pattern with overprinted denomination
themes: commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Hyperinflation emergency issue with 10000 denomination overprint
pick_number: P-113a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: sr,sl,hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:16
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:16
front_description:
  Yugoslav 20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, printed in purple ink with trilingual text (Serbo-Croatian in Latin, Cyrillic, and Slovene scripts). The note features ornate guilloche patterns and denominational text in the three official scripts of Yugoslavia. This note is from the final hyperinflation period of Yugoslavia (1992–1994), when the country was disintegrating. The denomination '20' appears in the corners with text reading 'DVADESET DINARA' (twenty dinars) in various language variants.

back_description:
  The reverse features a geometric decorative pattern in orange-brown tones with a large overprint reading '10000' and 'DESET HILJADA DINARA' (ten thousand dinars). The text 'BEOGRAD 1992' (Belgrade 1992) appears at bottom left, along with a signature line for 'GUVERNER' (Governor). This overprint was applied during Yugoslavia's hyperinflation crisis when the original 20 Dinara note was revalued to 10,000 Dinara, a 500-fold increase reflecting the catastrophic inflation rate.

historical_notes:
  This is a 20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia overprinted with '10000' denomination during the Yugoslav hyperinflation of 1992–1994, one of the worst hyperinflations in history. As the country disintegrated amid civil war, the National Bank resorted to overprinting existing lower-denomination notes to create higher values rather than printing entirely new notes. The note shows '1992' printed on the back, confirming the year of issue. This practice of revalidation was common during the hyperinflation period when monthly inflation rates reached astronomical levels. The note was demonetized in January 1994 when the 'super dinar' reform attempted to stabilize the currency. The trilingual printing reflects Yugoslavia's official policy of representing its major constituent republics. Pick catalog P-113a documents this specific overprint variety. These hyperinflation notes are historically significant as artifacts of economic collapse and are relatively common in the collector market due to the massive quantities printed.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 10000
series_name: 1992 hyperinflation series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-01-24
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1990)
successor_currency: New Dinar
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Governor: signature visible dated 1.XI 1981
printer: Zavod za izradu novčanica i sastavni Narodne Banke Jugoslavije
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x74
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Young woman in national costume
reverse_subject: Agricultural harvest scene with combine harvester
themes: agriculture,youth,industry
pick_number: 116
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic,Latin
languages: sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:57
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:57
front_description:
  Young woman in traditional Yugoslav folk costume, representing the youth and agriculture of the nation. The design reflects the socialist-era emphasis on rural life and collective farming during the final years of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The note was issued during the severe hyperinflation crisis that preceded the breakup of Yugoslavia.

back_description:
  Agricultural harvest scene featuring a combine harvester in wheat fields with workers gathering produce including corn, grapes, and other crops. This imagery symbolizes Yugoslavia's agricultural productivity and the importance of farming to the economy. The scene emphasizes the collective agricultural model promoted during the socialist period, though this note circulated during the country's economic collapse.

historical_notes:
  This 10,000 dinar note belongs to the 1992 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the catastrophic hyperinflation that accompanied the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The series was printed with a 1981 signature date but circulated from 1992 to 1993 as the dinar collapsed in value. Within months, denominations escalated into the millions and billions as Yugoslavia experienced one of the worst hyperinflations in history, second only to Hungary 1946. The note was demonetized on January 24, 1994, when the 1994 New Dinar replaced the old dinar at a rate of 1:1,000,000. This series is characterized by reused designs from earlier periods with updated denominations to meet the demands of rapidly escalating prices. Pick number P-116.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav Dinar
denomination: 5000000
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1994
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-01-24
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1990)
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1994 reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x73
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#c4a582,#4a3428
portrait_subject: Nikola Tesla monument statue
reverse_subject: Young woman with traditional Serbian jewelry
themes: scientist,industry,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-133
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:59
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:45:59
front_description:
  Nikola Tesla monument statue, depicting the Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer (1856–1943) who pioneered alternating current electricity systems. The monument shows Tesla in traditional Serbian dress with an Orthodox cross visible on his chest. Behind the statue is a depiction of the Đerdap I hydroelectric power station (Iron Gate I) on the Danube River, one of Europe's largest power plants, completed in 1972 as a joint Yugoslav-Romanian project. This note was issued during Yugoslavia's catastrophic hyperinflation period when the dinar lost value at an astronomical rate.

back_description:
  Portrait of a young Serbian woman wearing traditional folk costume and jewelry, representing Yugoslav cultural heritage. The woman wears an ornate necklace typical of Serbian traditional dress. The design emphasizes cultural identity during a period of severe economic crisis and impending national dissolution. Text reads 'NARODNA BANKA JUGOSLAVIJE' (National Bank of Yugoslavia) with denomination '100 DINARA' overprinted on the existing 5,000,000 note.

historical_notes:
  This is a critically important hyperinflation note from the final years of Yugoslavia. Printed in Belgrade in 1993 and dated 'BEOGRAD 1993', it belongs to the series issued during one of history's worst hyperinflations. The 5,000,000 dinar denomination itself indicates extreme currency devaluation. What makes this specimen particularly significant is the '100' overprint visible on the back — during 1993–1994, Yugoslavia went through multiple currency reforms attempting to stabilize the dinar, and existing high-denomination notes were sometimes overprinted with new values as emergency measures. The note shows 'FALSIFIKOVANIE SE KAŽNJAVA PO ZAKONU' (counterfeiting is punished by law) on the front. The hyperinflation peaked in January 1994 with monthly inflation reaching 313 million percent. The Yugoslav dinar was replaced on January 24, 1994, by a new dinar at a rate of 1 new dinar = 1,000,000,000 old dinars. This series represents the economic collapse that accompanied Yugoslavia's disintegration. Serial number visible: AH 6099593.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: YUD
denomination: 5000000 Dinara
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-01-24
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1992)
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar (1994 reform)
issuer: Narodna Banka Jugoslavije
issuer_native: Народна Банка Југославије
engraver: D. Andrić
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 144x71
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7355,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Nikola Tesla
reverse_subject: Nikola Tesla
themes: scientist,commemorative
pick_number: 136
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Cyrillic
languages: sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:14
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:14
front_description:
  The front of this note bears ornate geometric guilloche patterns with the denomination 1000 in four corners and the central circular medallion displaying 1000. The text 'SOCIJALISTICKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. This is the obverse of a 1000 Dinar note that was later overprinted with 5000000 (5 million) denomination during Yugoslavia's extreme hyperinflation period of 1993, when inflation reached astronomical rates and the National Bank was forced to repeatedly overprint existing low-denomination notes with exponentially higher values rather than print entirely new designs.

back_description:
  Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Tesla was born in Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia), and his work revolutionized electrical power generation and distribution. He is one of the most celebrated figures in Serbian and Yugoslav cultural heritage, appearing on multiple Yugoslav and Serbian banknote series. The note displays the overprinted denomination of 5000000 DINARA and includes the serial number AA 4347908.

historical_notes:
  This note represents one of the most extreme episodes of hyperinflation in monetary history. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) began disintegrating in 1991–1992, and by 1993 the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was experiencing hyperinflation that peaked at approximately 313 million percent per month in January 1994. The Narodna Banka Jugoslavije resorted to overprinting existing lower-denomination notes with exponentially higher values—this 1000 Dinar note was overprinted to become 5,000,000 Dinara. The 1993 hyperinflation series included denominations up to 500 billion Dinara by December 1993. The currency collapsed completely by January 1994, when the 'super dinar' reform introduced a new dinar at a rate of 1:10,000,000 (ten million old dinara). The hyperinflation was driven by war costs from the Yugoslav Wars, international sanctions, and the complete breakdown of economic institutions. Pick #136 documents this specific overprint issue. Designer D. Andrić is credited on both sides.


country: Yugoslavia
currency: YUD
denomination: 100
series_name: 1992 Reform Dinar Series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1993
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar (1990 series)
successor_currency: Yugoslav dinar (1993 October reform)
issuer: National Bank of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Народна банка Југославије
signatures: Governor: Dragoslav Avramović
printer: Zavod za izradu novčanica i kovanog novca - Beograd
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x69
watermark: Geometric pattern with denomination
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8fa5b5,#c4b5a6,#6b7a8a
themes: agriculture
pick_number: P-112
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Cyrillic
languages: sr,sh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:19
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:19
front_description:
  Abstract design featuring stylized wheat sheaves representing Yugoslav agriculture. The note displays the denomination '100' and text in both Cyrillic (ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА) and Latin (JUGOSLAVIJA) scripts, reflecting the multi-ethnic nature of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The design is notably abstract compared to earlier Yugoslav issues, part of the emergency-style notes issued during the hyperinflationary period. Printed in Belgrade, 1992.

back_description:
  This appears to be a mismatched image showing a 20 dinara note from the 1978 series featuring a Yugoslav port scene with cargo cranes and ships, representing industrial development. The note shows serial number CT 9262742 and is dated 12.VIII.1978. This is NOT the reverse of the 100 dinara 1992 note shown in the front image.

historical_notes:
  The 100 dinara note from 1992 was issued by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) during the early stages of hyperinflation that would devastate the country's economy. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991-1992, the rump state experienced severe economic crisis due to international sanctions and war costs. This series was quickly superseded as inflation accelerated, leading to the famous 500 billion dinar notes by 1993. The July 1992 reform (1 new dinar = 10 old dinars) was the first of several redenominations. The note was printed at the Yugoslav Institute for Manufacturing Banknotes and Coins in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica i kovanog novca).


country: Yugoslavia
currency: Yugoslav dinar
denomination: 20 dinara
series_range: 1946–1992
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
issuer_native: Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија
material: paper
color_palette: #c8a5a5,#e3e1c8,#8d5980
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: sr,hr,bs
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:46:44
front_description:
  20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The denomination '20' appears prominently in the center within an ornate guilloche pattern. The value is written in multiple languages of the constituent republics: Serbian (Двадесет Динара), Slovenian (Dvajset Dinarjev), Croatian (Dvadeset Dinara), and Macedonian (Дваесет Динари). The circular text around the central numeral lists the six constituent republics. Designer credit 'M. Petrović fec.' and engraver credit 'D. Matić sc.' appear at bottom.

back_description:
  100 Kwacha note from the Bank of Zambia, dated 2006. Features the African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, perched on a branch with palm trees in the background. The fish eagle appears on Zambia's coat of arms and is a symbol of the nation's freedom and strength. The coat of arms appears at lower left with the motto 'One Zambia One Nation' and the date 2006.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR: The front image shows a Yugoslav 20 Dinara note from the 1974-1981 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia (Narodna Banka Jugoslavije) during the SFRY period. The back image shows a completely different note - a Zambian 100 Kwacha from 2006. These are not the same banknote. The Yugoslav note belongs to the socialist-era dinar series used until Yugoslavia's dissolution in the 1990s. The Zambian kwacha note is from the 'bird series' featuring Zambia's national bird.


country: Zambia
currency: ZMK
denomination: 50 Kwacha
series_range: 1986-1988
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Zambian Pound
successor_currency: Zambian Kwacha (redenominated, ZMW)
issuer: Bank of Zambia
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible
printer: François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Fish eagle head in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,security_thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #9b6b9e,#e8d4b8,#a8c8a0
portrait_subject: Kenneth Kaunda
reverse_subject: Victoria Falls
themes: statesman,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: 28
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:22
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:25
front_description:
  Victoria Falls (Mosi-oa-Tunya, 'The Smoke that Thunders'), one of the world's largest waterfalls on the Zambezi River at the Zambia-Zimbabwe border. A major natural landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site, the falls span over 1,700 meters wide and drop up to 108 meters. The note features an African buffalo at left and a statue representing Zambian independence and national unity at right. The inscription 'BANK OF ZAMBIA' appears prominently, with denomination '100 KWACHA' and 'ONE HUNDRED KWACHA' in English.

back_description:
  Kenneth Kaunda (1924-2021), first President of independent Zambia serving from 1964 to 1991, a founding father of the nation and prominent leader in the Pan-African movement and anti-colonial struggle. Portrait at right. At left, an African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, depicted in its characteristic pose. Center shows the national coat of arms with two figures holding tools flanking a shield, representing workers and national development. The note features denomination 'FIFTY KWACHA' with governor signature and serial number.

historical_notes:
  This 50 Kwacha note belongs to the first Kwacha series issued by the Bank of Zambia after the currency was introduced in 1968, replacing the Zambian Pound at par. The series from the mid-to-late 1980s featured Kenneth Kaunda, who led Zambia from independence in 1964 through the period of one-party rule until 1991. This note was printed by François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire, a major French security printer. The Kwacha underwent significant devaluation during the 1980s due to economic challenges from falling copper prices and structural adjustment. This denomination was demonetized during the 1991-1992 currency reforms when Zambia transitioned to multi-party democracy. The design emphasizes Zambian national symbols: Victoria Falls (a major tourist attraction and natural wonder shared with Zimbabwe), the fish eagle (national bird), and imagery celebrating independence and development. Pick catalogue reference P-28.


country: Zambia
currency: ZMK
denomination: 10 Kwacha
series_range: 1989–1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2013-01-01
predecessor_currency: Zambian Pound
successor_currency: Zambian Kwacha (redenominated ZMW)
issuer: Bank of Zambia
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name illegible
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Fish Eagle head in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,security_thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b9467,#d4cdb5,#9b8579
reverse_subject: Kenneth Kaunda
themes: statesman,wildlife,education,agriculture,industry
pick_number: 31
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:22
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:22
front_description:
  Education scene showing a mother and child studying together at a desk, with a modernist institutional building (likely a school or university) in the background. The building features clean lines and large windows characteristic of post-independence educational infrastructure development in Zambia. This imagery reflects the nation's emphasis on education and human capital development following independence in 1964.

back_description:
  Kenneth Kaunda (1924–2021), first President of Zambia who led the country from independence in 1964 until 1991, serving as a key figure in African liberation movements and non-aligned politics during the Cold War. The reverse also features a Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, prominent along the Zambezi River and national symbol. The central vignette shows agricultural workers tending to crops with an aircraft overhead, symbolizing the modernization of Zambian agriculture and transport infrastructure.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1989–1991 series issued by the Bank of Zambia during the final years of Kenneth Kaunda's presidency. The Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) was introduced in 1968 replacing the Zambian Pound at 2 Kwacha = 1 Pound. The serial number format '120/D 388396' indicates this is from a 1989–1991 printing run, with the prefix numerals and letter denoting the print series. This series was in circulation during a period of significant economic challenges including inflation and structural adjustment. The note was eventually demonetized when Zambia redenominated its currency in 2013, replacing 1000 old Kwacha (ZMK) with 1 new Kwacha (ZMW). The Fish Eagle watermark and modernist design elements are characteristic of this era of Zambian currency. Printed by Thomas De La Rue as indicated by the imprint at the bottom of the front.


country: Zambia
currency: ZMW
denomination: 10 Kwacha (front) / 100 Dollars (back)
issue_year: 2023
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Bank of Zambia
signatures: Governor: [signature present but name illegible]
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4e5d5,#8b7355,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: African buffalo
themes: wildlife,architecture
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:47:44
front_description:
  The Bank of Zambia headquarters building in Lusaka, the central bank's modernist multi-story office complex that has served as the institution's seat since the post-independence era. The building represents the country's financial sovereignty and administrative infrastructure. The denomination reads '10 TEN KWACHA' with 'BANK OF ZAMBIA' inscribed at top. Printer attribution visible at bottom: 'THOMAS DE LA RUE & COMPANY, LIMITED.'

back_description:
  African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of the 'Big Five' game animals of Africa and a species native to Zambian wildlife reserves and national parks including Kafue and South Luangwa. The buffalo appears with a calf in natural grassland habitat. The back carries the text 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' (repeated microprint security pattern), 'I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR THE RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE', with 'HARARE 2023' at bottom left, and denomination '100' at corners.

historical_notes:
  This note presents a significant mismatch: the front is clearly a Zambian 10 Kwacha note issued by the Bank of Zambia (with Thomas De La Rue attribution), while the back is from a Zimbabwean 100 Dollar note issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe dated 2023 (Harare). These are two different banknotes from two different countries and currency systems photographed together. Zambia uses the Kwacha (ZMW) redenominated in 2013, while Zimbabwe reintroduced the Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL/ZiG) in 2019-2023 after years of using foreign currencies following hyperinflation. The pairing is physically impossible as a single legitimate banknote. The Zambian front follows traditional Bank of Zambia design showing their headquarters; the Zimbabwean back follows their 2019-2023 series wildlife theme featuring indigenous animals.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 100 Dollars / 10,000 Dollars
series_name: Bearer Cheque Series
series_year: 2006
series_range: 2006–2008
issue_year: 2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field at right on front
security_features: microprint,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a76a,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Bearer Cheque design
themes: wildlife,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 42
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:48:09
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:48:09
front_description:
  Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) at center with the iconic Zimbabwe Bird sculpture in the background. The baobab is one of Africa's most distinctive trees, living for thousands of years and serving as a symbol of African landscape and resilience. The Zimbabwe Bird is the national emblem, derived from soapstone sculptures found at the Great Zimbabwe ruins dating to the 11th–15th centuries. This note is printed with '100 ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS' denomination and serial number AM2587705.

back_description:
  Bearer cheque format issued during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis. The back displays 'TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS' (10,000) with expiry date '31st July 2007' and issue date '1st August 2006'. Signed by Dr. Gideon Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (2003–2013), who oversaw the central bank during the worst hyperinflation in recorded history. The bearer cheque format allowed the Reserve Bank to issue temporary-validity notes to cope with rapidly escalating prices; these notes had to be revalidated or replaced frequently. Serial number AH4094929.

historical_notes:
  This is a mismatched pair showing two different denominations from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation era. The front shows a 100 Dollar note (Third Zimbabwe Dollar, 2006 series, P-42, serial AM2587705) while the back shows a 10,000 Dollar bearer cheque (2006 bearer cheque series, P-46, serial AH4094929). Both were issued during the catastrophic hyperinflation of 2006–2008 under Governor Gideon Gono. The bearer cheque system was introduced as an emergency measure allowing the Reserve Bank to issue high-denomination notes with expiry dates to keep pace with hyperinflation that eventually reached 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year in November 2008. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) was redenominated on August 1, 2008 (dropping 10 zeros) to become the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar. All ZWD notes were demonetized on April 12, 2009 when Zimbabwe abandoned its currency and adopted foreign currencies including USD and ZAR. The 100 Dollar note features the baobab tree and Zimbabwe Bird, recurring motifs throughout Zimbabwe's banknote history representing the nation's natural heritage and ancient civilization. These notes are now common collectibles documenting one of history's most extreme cases of currency collapse.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 5 Dollars
series_name: 1997 Bearer Cheque Series
series_year: 1997
series_range: 1997-2001
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Zimbabwean Dollar (First)
successor_currency: Zimbabwean Dollar (Fourth redenomination)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b5a8e,#a0522d
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks formation (likely Epworth or Matopos)
themes: architecture,wildlife
pick_number: 6
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:06
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:06
front_description:
  The Great Zimbabwe ruins, a medieval city built by the Shona people between the 11th and 15th centuries. The structure shown represents part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that gives Zimbabwe its name, symbolizing the nation's pre-colonial heritage and independence. The ruins feature distinctive dry-stone walls and were the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the country's Late Iron Age.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks featuring precariously balanced granite boulders formed through millions of years of erosion. These rock formations appear throughout Zimbabwe and are featured on the national emblem. The back also depicts a sable antelope at right and the Zimbabwe Bird emblem, both national symbols. The text 'HARARE 1997' indicates the year and place of issue.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1997 Bearer Cheque series issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, replacing the earlier Zimbabwe Dollar notes. Despite the denomination being labeled as 'FIVE DOLLARS' on the back, the front shows '10 000', indicating this is a revalidation or overprint note from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period. The back retains the original 5-dollar design while the front has been overprinted with 10,000. This practice became common during Zimbabwe's economic crisis (late 1990s-2008) when the Reserve Bank revalued existing notes to keep pace with hyperinflation. The note was printed during the governorship period in the late 1990s. The currency was eventually demonetized in April 2009 after hyperinflation rendered it worthless. Serial number BV3683015 uses the BV prefix typical of this series.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 100
series_name: Fourth Dollar series
series_year: 2020
series_range: 2019–present
issue_year: 2020
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: US Dollar (multi-currency system)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: (signature visible but name illegible)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,latent_image,raised_print
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: New-100
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:07
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:07
front_description:
  A baobab tree (Adansonia digitata), one of Africa's most iconic trees, known for its massive trunk and longevity of over 1,000 years. The baobab is culturally significant throughout southern Africa as a symbol of life, resilience, and community gathering places. Three Zimbabwe Birds appear at left, the national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, representing the country's heritage and sovereignty.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks (also known as the Chiremba Balancing Rocks), a natural granite formation located near Harare and Epworth that has become one of Zimbabwe's most recognizable geological landmarks. These precarious rock formations appear on Zimbabwe's coat of arms and symbolize the delicate balance of development. Three Zimbabwe Birds appear at right as decorative elements echoing the national emblem.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL) series, reintroduced in June 2019 after a decade-long suspension of the local currency (2009–2019) during which Zimbabwe used a multi-currency system dominated by US dollars. The return of the Zimbabwe dollar followed a period of bond notes and RTGS dollars. The 2020 series represents the Reserve Bank's attempt to restore monetary sovereignty amid ongoing economic challenges. The date 'HARARE 2020' appears printed on the back, indicating this specific printing. Zimbabwe has experienced multiple currency reforms due to hyperinflation episodes, with previous dollar iterations abandoned in 2009. The current series features natural landmarks and indigenous symbols rather than political figures, reflecting a shift in national iconography.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 5 Dollars
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009
predecessor_currency: Rhodesian Dollar
successor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#6b8e23
reverse_subject: Jan van Riebeeck
themes: architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture
language_script: Latin
languages: en,af
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:14
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:14
front_description:
  The Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as the Epworth Balancing Rocks), a distinctive geological formation of balanced granite boulders located near Harare, Zimbabwe. These rocks are one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks and appear on multiple denominations of Zimbabwean currency as a national symbol. The front features stylized indigenous animals including elephants in the decorative border, with traditional geometric patterns in green, brown, and multicolor.

back_description:
  Jan van Riebeeck (1619–1677), Dutch colonial administrator who founded the Cape Colony settlement in 1652, establishing the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. The back depicts a historical sailing ship scene representing early colonial maritime activity at the Cape of Good Hope. This note is a mismatched pair: the back is from a South African Reserve Bank 1 Pound note dated 8.5.59 (May 8, 1959), serial number B/o 282762, issued in Pretoria. The bilingual text 'SOUTH AFRICAN RESERVE BANK / SUID-AFRIKAANSE RESERWEBANK' and promise to pay in English and Afrikaans confirms this is a South African note, NOT the reverse of the Zimbabwean 5 Dollar front.

historical_notes:
  CRITICAL MISMATCH: These images show two different banknotes from two different countries and eras. The front is a Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe 5 Dollar note featuring the Chiremba Balancing Rocks, likely from the 1990s or early 2000s Zimbabwe Dollar series (first or second dollar, before hyperinflation). The back is a South African Reserve Bank 1 Pound note from 1959, part of the pre-decimal South African pound series issued before the transition to the Rand in 1961. The South African pound was the currency of the Union of South Africa from 1910–1961. This appears to be either an error in image pairing or the two sides of different notes were photographed. Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) and South Africa are distinct countries with separate currencies and issuing authorities. The Zimbabwean Dollar underwent multiple series and redenominations, ultimately collapsing during hyperinflation (2007–2009) and being abandoned in 2009 in favor of multi-currency use.


country: South Africa
currency: South African Pound
denomination: 1 Pound / 100 Dollars
series_year: 2020
issue_year: 2020
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
successor_currency: South African Rand
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
issuer_native: Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank
signatures: Governor: (signature visible but name illegible)
material: paper
security_features: hologram,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #f5deb3,#8b7355,#4a4a4a
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks
themes: wildlife,architecture
language_script: Latin
languages: en,af
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:24
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:24
front_description:
  The front features the heraldic Zimbabwe Bird (Hungwe) holding a fasces or bundle of reeds — a stylized representation of the national symbol derived from soapstone bird sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe. The denomination appears as both 'ONE POUND' and 'EEN POND' (Afrikaans), with elaborate guilloche patterns framing the central motif. This note represents an unusual dual-denomination design combining historical British colonial pound nomenclature with contemporary Zimbabwean dollar valuation.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks formation, one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological features found in Matobo National Park near Bulawayo. These naturally balanced granite rock formations have become a symbol of Zimbabwe and appear on the country's currency and coat of arms. The denomination is expressed as '100 DOLLARS' with 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' as the issuer. The date 'HARARE 2020' appears at bottom left, indicating the year and place of issue.

historical_notes:
  This is a highly unusual and problematic note. The front displays '1 POUND' (in English and Afrikaans 'EEN POND'), suggesting either a colonial-era Rhodesian design or a fantasy/commemorative piece, while the back clearly shows '100 DOLLARS' issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe dated 2020. The two sides appear fundamentally incompatible: the pound sterling has not been Zimbabwe's currency since Rhodesia became Zimbabwe in 1980, and no legitimate 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issue would reference pounds. This mismatch strongly suggests either: (1) a novelty/fantasy note combining historical and modern elements, (2) a commemorative piece not intended for circulation, or (3) mismatched images of two different notes. Zimbabwe reintroduced the Zimbabwean dollar in 2019 after years of using foreign currencies following hyperinflation (2008–2009) that demonetized previous dollar series. Legitimate 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe notes exist, but none carry pound denominations. Without additional authentication, this piece cannot be catalogued as a standard circulating issue.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 50
series_name: Fourth Dollar Series
series_year: 2020
series_range: 2019–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Bond Notes / RTGS Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: John Mangudya
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 148x70
security_features: hologram,microprint,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #c4724a,#e8d4b8,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Chiremba Balancing Rocks
themes: military,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: P-105
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:49
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:49:49
front_description:
  The Heroes' Acre monument in Harare, a national shrine dedicated to Zimbabwean liberation fighters who died in the First and Second Chimurenga wars of independence. The monument, designed by North Korean architects and completed in 1981, features bronze statues of armed guerrilla fighters in various poses. A profile portrait of an unnamed young Zimbabwean appears at right, symbolizing the nation's youth and future. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem, derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe, appears at upper left.

back_description:
  The Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as Epworth Balancing Rocks) near Harare, a distinctive geological formation of granite boulders naturally balanced atop one another. These rocks are a national symbol of Zimbabwe representing the delicate balance needed in environmental and economic matters, and appear on Zimbabwean banknotes and previously on the former Zimbabwean dollar coins. The formation is protected as a national monument.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR: The front shows a 50 Dollar note while the back shows a 20 Dollar note from the same series. Both notes are from Zimbabwe's fourth dollar series introduced in 2019 following the reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar after a decade of dollarization. This series was issued during severe hyperinflation, with denominations rapidly escalating. The 2020 date visible on the back indicates the print year. The series features national monuments and symbols emphasizing Zimbabwean heritage and independence.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 20 Dollars
series_name: Fourth Dollar series
series_year: 2020
series_range: 2019–present
issue_year: 2020
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Bond notes and RTGS dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: John Mangudya
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field at left
security_features: hologram,thread,microprint,raised_print,latent_image
color_palette: #8b9dc3,#f5deb3,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks formation
themes: wildlife,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: NEW
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:26
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:26
front_description:
  African elephant (Loxodonta africana), the largest land mammal, depicted at center with trunk raised. Elephants are a significant part of Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage and tourism economy, with major populations in Hwange National Park and along the Zambezi Valley. The note features the Zimbabwe Bird at left, the national emblem derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins. The design emphasizes Zimbabwe's natural heritage following the hyperinflation era and currency reforms of the 2000s–2010s.

back_description:
  The Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological formations located in Epworth, near Harare. These granite boulder formations, created by millions of years of erosion, are balanced in seemingly precarious arrangements and have become a national symbol, previously appearing on Zimbabwean currency and featured prominently in the country's geological and tourism identity. The back design also incorporates the Zimbabwe Bird emblem at upper right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Zimbabwe's Fourth Dollar (ZWL) series, reintroduced in June 2019 after a decade-long suspension of the national currency following catastrophic hyperinflation (2007–2009) that peaked at 89.7 sextillion percent. During the interim period (2009–2019), Zimbabwe used a multi-currency system dominated by US dollars, South African rand, and other foreign currencies, then Bond notes and RTGS dollars. The date 'HARARE 2020' printed on the back indicates this specific note was issued in 2020 as part of the currency stabilization efforts under Governor John Mangudya's tenure (2014–present). The serial number prefix 'AC' represents the block/series identifier for this print run. The Fourth Dollar has struggled with renewed inflation but remains legal tender as of 2024.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 5
series_name: RTGS Dollar series
series_year: 2019
series_range: 2019–2020
issue_year: 2019
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2019-06-24
predecessor_currency: Bond notes and coins
successor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL redenominated, second dollar)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: John Mangudya
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x73
watermark: Zimbabwe bird statue in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image,intaglio
color_palette: #d8b5d8,#f5f5dc,#2f4f4f
reverse_subject: African elephants
themes: wildlife,architecture
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:44
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:44
front_description:
  Victoria Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls located on the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major symbol of Zimbabwe's natural heritage, known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya ('The Smoke That Thunders'). The front features tropical vegetation including palm trees and other indigenous flora native to the falls region.

back_description:
  African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in their natural habitat with acacia trees, representing Zimbabwe's rich wildlife heritage. The elephant is the largest living land animal and a keystone species in African ecosystems; Zimbabwe is home to significant elephant populations in national parks such as Hwange. The denomination '2' visible on the back indicates this is a mismatched pair, as the front shows a 5 dollar note.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the short-lived RTGS Dollar series introduced in February 2019 when Zimbabwe formally abandoned its multi-currency system and reintroduced a domestic currency. The RTGS Dollar (Real-Time Gross Settlement Dollar) was the transitional currency that replaced bond notes at par. The printer 'HARARE 2019' indicates local printing. This series was replaced in June 2019 when the RTGS Dollar was redenominated and renamed the Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL), ending the legal tender status of these notes after only four months of circulation. The series represents Zimbabwe's attempt to stabilize its economy after years of hyperinflation and dollarization. Serial prefix 'AD' is consistent with documented prefix ranges for the 2019 RTGS series.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 2 Dollars
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
successor_currency: USD
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
material: paper
security_features: thread,microprint
color_palette: #4a7c59,#8b7355,#c4a35a
reverse_subject: Rhinos
themes: architecture,wildlife
language_script: Latin
languages: en,af,zu
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:45
front_description:
  This note displays the Kopje Fountain and State House (formerly Government House) in Harare. The Kopje Fountain, located at the base of the Kopje hill in central Harare, is a notable civic landmark. State House serves as the official residence of the President of Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem appears at left, representing the soapstone bird sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, adopted as the national emblem at independence in 1980.

back_description:
  White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) adult and calf, representing Southern African wildlife. The white rhinoceros is native to the region and is a conservation priority species. This depicts the iconic Big Five wildlife of Southern Africa commonly featured on the region's banknotes.

historical_notes:
  CRITICAL NOTE: These two images are NOT from the same banknote. The front image shows a Zimbabwe 2 Dollars note from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's post-2019 RTGS dollar series, while the back image shows a South African 10 Rand note from the South African Reserve Bank's 'Big Five' series introduced in 2012. The Zimbabwe note features local landmarks while the South African note features indigenous wildlife. These are mismatched images from two completely different countries' currencies.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 10
series_name: Fourth Dollar Series
series_year: 2020
series_range: 2019–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: RTGS Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: John Mangudya
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x73
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #8B4513,#DEB887,#CD853F
reverse_subject: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building, Harare; Cape buffalo herd
themes: wildlife,architecture
pick_number: P-103
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:45
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:50:45
front_description:
  The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare, a modernist high-rise tower that serves as the central bank's main office. In the foreground, a herd of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of Africa's Big Five game animals and native to Zimbabwe's wildlife reserves. The Zimbabwe Bird, the national emblem derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, appears in the upper left corner.

back_description:
  The Balancing Rocks of Epworth, a distinctive granite rock formation located near Harare. These geological formations, created through millions of years of weathering, have become a symbol of Zimbabwe and represent the delicate balance needed in economic and environmental matters. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem appears at right.

historical_notes:
  MISMATCHED PAIR WARNING: The front image shows a 10 Dollar note while the back image shows a 5 Dollar note dated 'HARARE 2019'. These are two different banknotes from the same series. The Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar was introduced in February 2019 after the collapse of the bond note system. This series replaced the failed RTGS dollar and bond notes, representing Zimbabwe's fourth attempt at establishing a stable local currency after the abandonment of the original Zimbabwe dollar in 2009 due to hyperinflation. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor John Mangudya, issued these notes featuring indigenous wildlife and national landmarks rather than political figures.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 20000000000
series_name: Third Dollar hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (second)
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (primarily USD, ZAR)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, latent_image, intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b9c7a,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks)
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 86
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:10
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:10
front_description:
  This note bears the national coat of arms of Zimbabwe at upper left, featuring the Zimbabwe Bird, a pickaxe and hoe crossed below a torse, and the motto "Unity Freedom Work". The front displays the denomination "10 RAND" from a South African Reserve Bank note that appears to have been erroneously paired with this Zimbabwean reverse. The South African note features Nelson Mandela (1918–2013), anti-apartheid revolutionary and first democratically elected President of South Africa (1994–1999), honored on South African currency since 2012.

back_description:
  Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as Epworth Balancing Rocks), a natural geological formation of precariously stacked granite boulders located near Harare, Zimbabwe. These rocks have become an iconic national symbol, representing stability and balance, and appear on various Zimbabwean banknotes and the old Zimbabwean dollar coins. The rocks are part of Zimbabwe's rich geological heritage of granite kopjes formed over millions of years through weathering and erosion.

historical_notes:
  This appears to be a mismatched pair: the front shows a South African Reserve Bank 10 Rand note from the Nelson Mandela series (introduced 2012–2013, still in circulation), while the back shows a Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe 20 Billion Dollar note from 2008. The Zimbabwean note was issued during the peak of Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation (2007–2008), when the country experienced one of the worst cases of hyperinflation in recorded history, with inflation rates reaching billions of percent per year. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL, August 2008–February 2009) saw denominations escalate from millions to trillions within months. Signed by Dr. Gideon Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003–2013, who presided over the printing of increasingly large denominations in a futile attempt to keep pace with inflation. The currency was officially demonetized in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system. These hyperinflation notes are now collectible reminders of economic collapse. The P-86 20 Billion Dollar note is readily available on the collector market given the massive quantities printed.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 10000000000
series_name: Third Dollar hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Second Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
printer: Fidelity Printers and Refiners (Harare)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, see_through_register, intaglio
color_palette: #f5deb3,#d8bfd8,#9acd32
reverse_subject: Balancing rocks formation
themes: indigenous_culture, architecture, agriculture
pick_number: 85
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:49
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:49
front_description:
  The Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation near Harare and Epworth that appears on Zimbabwe's coat of arms and has been a national symbol since independence. The rocks represent the need for balanced development and are one of Zimbabwe's most iconic landmarks. The front also features traditional African geometric patterns and palm trees, symbolizing Zimbabwe's natural beauty and agricultural heritage.

back_description:
  Three balancing rocks stacked naturally, representing the Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation. These granite rock formations are a distinctive geological feature of Zimbabwe's landscape and have become a powerful national symbol representing stability, balance, and the delicate equilibrium of nature. The signature 'Dr. G. Gono Governor' appears at bottom, along with the date 'HARARE 2008' and serial number prefix 'AA 91739920'.

historical_notes:
  This 10 Billion Dollar note was issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period of 2007–2008, which peaked at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month in November 2008. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL, redenominated August 2008 at 10^10:1 from the Second Dollar) was itself abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe suspended its currency and adopted a multi-currency system dominated by the US Dollar and South African Rand. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw the Reserve Bank during this period (2003–2013). The note was printed in Harare by Fidelity Printers and Refiners. The serial prefix 'AA' indicates early production in the series. This denomination represents one of the most extreme examples of hyperinflation in modern economic history, comparable only to Hungary 1946 and Weimar Germany 1923. Despite the enormous face value, at issue this note could buy only basic groceries for a day or two. The note is now demonetized and has no legal tender value, though it remains popular with collectors as a historical artifact of hyperinflation.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 10000000000000
series_name: Third Dollar hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Second Zimbabwean Dollar
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
printer: Fidelity Printers and Refiners (Harare)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x73
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, latent_image, intaglio
color_palette: #d4c9a8,#9b8ec9,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks formation
themes: agriculture, wildlife, indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-85
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:50
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:50
front_description:
  Agricultural and wildlife imagery representing Zimbabwe's economy: at left, a traditional fish trap (chirundu) used in subsistence fishing along rivers such as the Zambezi; at right, an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of Africa's Big Five game animals, standing in grassland. These motifs symbolize Zimbabwe's reliance on both agriculture and natural resources during the period of economic crisis and hyperinflation that saw the Reserve Bank issue banknotes reaching into the trillions of dollars.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks formation (also known as the Balancing Stones or Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks found in Epworth and Matobo Hills. These granite formations are a national symbol appearing on Zimbabwe's currency and coat of arms, representing stability and endurance. The rocks are a product of millions of years of erosion and have cultural significance to the indigenous Shona people, also serving as a key tourist attraction and symbol of Zimbabwe's geological heritage.

historical_notes:
  This 10 trillion dollar note was issued in 2008 during the catastrophic Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–2009), when inflation reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month by mid-November 2008. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor Gideon Gono, issued increasingly large denominations culminating in the 100 trillion dollar note in 2009. The Third Zimbabwean Dollar (ZWL, code 932) was introduced on August 1, 2008, at a rate of 10 billion Second Dollars to 1 Third Dollar. Despite redenominations, hyperinflation continued unabated, driven by land reform policies, loss of agricultural production, government deficit spending, and loss of confidence. The currency was officially demonetized on April 12, 2009, when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using primarily USD, South African rand, and other stable foreign currencies. These hyperinflation notes are now widely collected as historical artifacts of economic collapse. The note was printed domestically by Fidelity Printers and Refiners in Harare. The signature of Dr. Gideon Gono, who served as Governor from 2003 to 2013, appears on all notes from this era.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 10000000000
series_name: Hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwean dollar (revalued)
successor_currency: Multi-currency regime (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, latent_image
color_palette: #f5deb3,#9370db,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks (Epworth or Matopos formation)
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-85
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:52
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:51:52
front_description:
  Agricultural and industrial scenes representing Zimbabwe's economy: left panel shows harvesting of crops (likely cotton or tobacco) with basket, right panel depicts a weaver or craftsperson working at a loom or traditional craft station. These motifs symbolize the agricultural base and artisan industry that were central to Zimbabwe's economy before the hyperinflation crisis. The imagery reflects the government's attempt to maintain normalcy and economic optimism during the period of catastrophic currency collapse.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks (also known as balanced rocks or kopjes), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural geological formations found at sites including Epworth near Harare and the Matopos Hills. These precariously stacked granite boulders are a symbol of Zimbabwe's unique landscape and have appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the Rhodesian era. The formation represents natural balance and stability—an ironic symbol given the hyperinflationary context of this note's issuance.

historical_notes:
  This 10 billion dollar note was issued in 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst currency collapses in recorded history. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor Gideon Gono (who served 2003–2013), issued increasingly large denominations as inflation spiraled out of control, reaching an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month by mid-November 2008. The note is dated 'HARARE 2008' on the back. This particular denomination represents the third redenomination (the second dollar, ZWD): 1 new dollar = 10 billion old dollars. The currency was eventually abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using the US dollar, South African rand, and other foreign currencies. The serial prefix 'AA' indicates an early print run within this denomination. Despite the astronomical face value, these notes had virtually no purchasing power even when issued—by late 2008, this note might have bought a loaf of bread or a few eggs. Today these hyperinflation notes are widely collected as historical artifacts documenting economic collapse. Dr. Gideon Gono's signature appears on all notes from this era.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar, ZWL)
denomination: 50 Dollars
series_name: 2019-2020 bearer cheque series
series_year: 2020
series_range: 2019–2020
issue_year: 2020
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2020-06-24
predecessor_currency: RTGS Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name illegible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x75
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4af80,#8b4513,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks formation
themes: architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:52:11
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:52:11
front_description:
  The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare, a modernist high-rise tower that serves as the central banking authority for Zimbabwe. The building features distinctive vertical architectural elements and represents the nation's financial infrastructure. The front also displays the denomination '10,000,000,000,000' (10 trillion) as an overprint, reflecting the hyperinflationary period. The Zimbabwe Bird, a national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe, appears as a watermark and decorative element.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological formations located near Harare and Epworth. These naturally balanced granite boulders have become a symbol of Zimbabwe, representing stability and balance, and appear on the national currency and coat of arms. The formation consists of several large boulders precariously balanced on top of each other, created by erosion over millions of years. The back also features traditional Zimbabwean basket-weave patterns and the Zimbabwe Bird national emblem. The date 'HARARE 2020' is printed at the lower left.

historical_notes:
  This note is from Zimbabwe's 2019–2020 series of bearer cheques/bond notes, issued during a period of renewed currency instability. The front bears a '10,000,000,000,000' (10 trillion) overprint, though the actual denomination is 50 dollars as printed on the back. This reflects Zimbabwe's complex monetary history: after the catastrophic hyperinflation of 2008–2009 (which produced the famous 100 trillion dollar notes), Zimbabwe abandoned its currency and used foreign currencies (primarily USD) from 2009–2019. In 2019, the RTGS Dollar was introduced, followed by the reintroduction of the Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar, ZWL) in June 2019. This 2020 series represented a brief attempt to maintain a domestic currency, but by June 24, 2020, the notes were effectively withdrawn from active circulation as the country continued to struggle with inflation and currency instability. The overprint of '10 trillion' on a 50 dollar note may indicate an emergency revaluation or represent a transitional issue. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe building and Balancing Rocks are consistent iconography across multiple Zimbabwean currency series, symbolizing institutional authority and national identity.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 50 Dollars (front) / 100 Dollars (back)
series_name: Bearer Cheque series
series_year: 2006
series_range: 2006–2008
issue_year: 2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009
predecessor_currency: Zimbabwean Dollar (first)
successor_currency: Zimbabwean Dollar (third redenomination, ZWL)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
material: paper
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Baobab tree and rural landscape with traditional granaries
themes: wildlife,agriculture,indigenous_culture,architecture
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:52:32
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:52:32
front_description:
  Family scene depicting traditional Zimbabwean life with mother and child in rural setting. This note belongs to the hyperinflation-era bearer cheque series issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe during the economic crisis of the mid-2000s when inflation rendered conventional currency denominations obsolete almost immediately upon issue.

back_description:
  Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) in African savanna landscape with traditional grain storage structures (granaries) visible in the background. The baobab, known as the 'tree of life,' is an iconic symbol of Zimbabwe and southern Africa, and the scene represents the country's agricultural heritage and rural life. The traditional thatched granaries reflect indigenous Shona architectural practices for food storage.

historical_notes:
  This is a mismatched pair: the front is a 50 Dollars note (serial AG8793015) and the back is a 100 Dollars note (serial AD5829361), both from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period (2006–2008). During this era, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issued 'bearer cheques' and 'agro-cheques' as emergency currency as hyperinflation spiraled out of control, eventually reaching an estimated peak of 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year in November 2008. The denomination mismatch suggests these images are from separate notes rather than front/back of the same specimen. The Zimbabwe Dollar was eventually abandoned in 2009 in favor of foreign currencies including the US Dollar and South African Rand. The serial prefixes (AG, AD) indicate different print runs. The Zimbabwe Bird watermark is a national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 50 Billion Dollars
series_name: Third Dollar series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Second Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Gideon Gono
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x73
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, latent_image
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#c89b8f,#8b7355
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks formation
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 87
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:11
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:11
front_description:
  The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare at left center, a modernist high-rise structure completed in the 1990s that serves as the central bank's main office. At right, the Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation of precariously balanced granite boulders near Harare that appears on Zimbabwe's currency and serves as a national symbol. The note displays the astronomical denomination of 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars (10,000,000,000,000), characteristic of the hyperinflationary period.

back_description:
  Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation, a stack of naturally balanced granite boulders that has become an iconic symbol of Zimbabwe, representing the nation's geological heritage and serving as a metaphor for balance and stability. This natural stone formation near Harare has appeared on Zimbabwean currency since independence and is one of the country's most recognizable landmarks. The back displays '50 Billion Dollars' and serial number AA9011618.

historical_notes:
  This 50 billion dollar note was issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation crisis of 2008–2009, the second-worst case of hyperinflation in recorded history. The Third Dollar series (ZWD) was introduced in August 2008, redenominating at 10 billion old dollars to 1 new dollar, but inflation continued to spiral out of control. By late 2008, inflation reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The Reserve Bank, under Governor Gideon Gono, issued increasingly higher denominations, ultimately reaching 100 trillion dollars. The currency became practically worthless for daily transactions, leading to its abandonment in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using primarily the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation-era notes, while once representing enormous face values, are now collected as historical artifacts of economic collapse.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 50000000000
series_name: Fourth Dollar hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
printer: Fidelity Printers and Refiners
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Zimbabwe bird statue in clear field
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Zimbabwe Bird soapstone sculpture
reverse_subject: Rhinoceros (White rhinoceros mother and calf)
themes: architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 83
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:26
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:26
front_description:
  The Zimbabwe Bird, one of eight soapstone bird sculptures discovered at the Great Zimbabwe ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the country's namesake. These sculptures date from the 13th–15th century Shona civilization and have become the national emblem of Zimbabwe, appearing on the flag and coat of arms. The front also depicts Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a distinctive granite rock formation near Harare. This note represents 50 billion Zimbabwe dollars, issued during the peak of hyperinflation in 2008.

back_description:
  White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) mother and calf, native to southern Africa. Zimbabwe's wildlife has been central to its tourism economy and conservation efforts, with both black and white rhinoceros populations protected in national parks. The wildlife imagery on these hyperinflation-era notes reflected Zimbabwe's natural heritage even as the economy collapsed, with inflation reaching 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month by November 2008.

historical_notes:
  This 50 billion dollar note belongs to the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) series issued in 2008 during the worst hyperinflation in modern history. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issued progressively higher denominations as the currency collapsed, reaching 100 trillion dollars by January 2009. The Fourth Dollar was introduced on August 1, 2008, by removing 10 zeros from the Third Dollar. By April 2009, the Zimbabwe dollar was abandoned entirely in favor of a multi-currency system dominated by the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation notes are now demonetized and widely collected as historical artifacts of economic catastrophe. The serial number AD 244004634 A indicates this was printed by Fidelity Printers and Refiners, Zimbabwe's domestic security printer.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWL
denomination: 100 Dollars / 10 Trillion Dollars
series_name: Fourth Dollar series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008-2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2015-06-15
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar (bearer cheques)
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
material: paper
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,security_thread
color_palette: #f4e7c3,#8b7355,#d4af37
portrait_subject: Balanced rocks formation
reverse_subject: Balanced rocks formation
themes: geology,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 91
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:35
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:35
front_description:
  The Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation near Harare consisting of three precariously balanced granite boulders that have become a national symbol of Zimbabwe. These rocks appear on the Zimbabwean coat of arms and represent the delicate balance between development and environmental preservation. The formation is part of the Epworth Balancing Rocks site and has stood for millennia through natural erosion patterns. The note displays traditional Ndebele shield patterns and the denomination 'ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS' alongside the date 'HARARE 2020'.

back_description:
  The same Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation shown from a different angle, with the denomination stated as 'TEN TRILLION DOLLARS' (10000000000000). This dual-denomination note was issued during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis when the Reserve Bank redenominated the currency multiple times. The back includes the serial number AA0772887 in red prefix letters and the signature of Governor Dr. G. Gono, who served during the hyperinflation period.

historical_notes:
  This is a rare dual-denomination note from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period, printed with both '100 Dollars' on the front (dated 'HARARE 2020' as a future-dated note) and '10 Trillion Dollars' on the back (dated 'HARARE 2008'). This represents the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL), issued 2008-2009 during the peak of hyperinflation when monthly inflation rates exceeded 79.6 billion percent. The Reserve Bank repeatedly redenominated the currency, removing zeros: the first redenomination in August 2006 (1000:1), second in August 2008 (10 billion:1), and third in February 2009 (1 trillion:1). By April 2009, the Zimbabwe Dollar was abandoned in favor of foreign currencies. The currency was officially demonetized in 2015, with holders allowed to exchange ZWL balances at negligible rates. Governor Dr. Gideon Gono (2003-2013) oversaw the entire hyperinflation period. Pick P-91 specifically refers to the 100 Dollar note of this series; the 'Ten Trillion' overprint or redenomination variant may have a different or unassigned Pick number. The Chiremba Balancing Rocks have appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the Rhodesian era and symbolize the nation's geological heritage.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 50000
series_name: Second Dollar hyperinflation series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2006–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: First Zimbabwean Dollar
successor_currency: Third Zimbabwean Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G. Gono
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b4513,#556b2f
reverse_subject: Balancing Rocks
themes: architecture,industry
pick_number: 73
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:55
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:53:55
front_description:
  Kariba Dam hydroelectric facility on the Zambezi River, one of Africa's largest dams. Built between 1955–1959 as a joint project between Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe), the dam represents industrial development and provides electricity to both countries. The dam's construction was one of the major engineering achievements of colonial Africa and remains a symbol of Zimbabwe's infrastructure.

back_description:
  Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks near Harare), a geological formation of naturally balanced granite boulders that has been Zimbabwe's national symbol since independence. These rocks appeared on the Zimbabwean flag from 1980–2023 and have featured on every series of Zimbabwean currency. The formation represents stability and resilience, key themes in Zimbabwean national identity. The rocks are found throughout Zimbabwe's granite-rich terrain and hold cultural significance.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Second Dollar hyperinflation series (2006–2009), issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic economic collapse under Robert Mugabe's government. By 2008, Zimbabwe experienced one of the worst hyperinflations in recorded history, with inflation exceeding 231 million percent. The 50,000 dollar note, printed in Harare in 2008 under Governor Gideon Gono's tenure, was part of the emergency issuance of progressively higher denominations as the currency collapsed. The Reserve Bank eventually issued notes up to 100 trillion dollars before abandoning the currency in 2009 and adopting a multi-currency system (primarily USD and South African rand). The Second Dollar was redenominated from the First Dollar at a rate of 1:1000 in August 2006. Governor Gono's signature appears on most hyperinflation-era notes. This denomination became near-worthless within months of issue. The note was demonetized on April 12, 2009 when Zimbabwe officially suspended its currency.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD)
denomination: 100 Billion Dollars
series_name: Special Agro-Cheque series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar (redenomination)
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b9a7d,#d4c5a0,#4a6b8a
reverse_subject: African elephants and giraffe
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: 64
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:54:38
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:54:38
front_description:
  African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in their natural habitat. The scene depicts an adult elephant with a younger elephant, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage. This note was issued during the height of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis, when denominations reached astronomical levels as the currency collapsed in value.

back_description:
  Wildlife scene featuring a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and additional imagery representing Zimbabwe's natural resources. The note is designated as a 'Special Agro-Cheque' payable on or before 31st December 2008, indicating its use as an emergency bearer cheque during the economic crisis. The issue date of 1st July 2008 is explicitly printed, along with the serial number AA3953919 and control number 02022900.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Billion Dollar Special Agro-Cheque was issued on 1st July 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst cases in recorded history. The note was valid until 31st December 2008. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw the Reserve Bank during this crisis, authorizing the printing of increasingly high denominations as the currency became worthless. The 'Special Agro-Cheque' designation reflected the government's attempt to address agricultural needs and food shortages. Zimbabwe's hyperinflation peaked in November 2008 at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The Zimbabwe dollar was eventually abandoned in April 2009 in favor of a multi-currency system dominated by the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation notes, while once representing desperate economic conditions, have become widely collected numismatic items documenting one of history's most extreme monetary failures.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 500000
series_name: Bearer Cheque series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007–2008
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
security_features: microprint,thread,latent_image
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#8b6f47,#5a7d5a
reverse_subject: Chiremba Balancing Rocks
themes: architecture,commemorative
pick_number: P-51
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:54:58
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:54:58
front_description:
  Chiremba Balancing Rocks near Harare, a distinctive granite formation that has become a national symbol of Zimbabwe and appears on multiple denominations of Zimbabwean currency. These naturally balanced rock formations are found in Epworth, approximately 12 kilometers southeast of Harare, and have been used as a currency motif since independence in 1980. The rock formation symbolizes the delicate balance required in development and nature.

back_description:
  The reverse displays the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe seal with a stylized Zimbabwe Bird (the national emblem from the ruins of Great Zimbabwe), the denomination '500000' (Five Hundred Thousand Dollars), expiry date '30th June 2008', issue date '1st July 2007', and the designation 'BEARER CHEQUE'. The serial number AG7067997 appears at lower right, and Dr. G Gono's signature as Governor appears at left. The bearer cheque format was an emergency measure during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis.

historical_notes:
  This 500,000-dollar bearer cheque was issued on 1 July 2007 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, with an expiry date of 30 June 2008. The 'bearer cheque' designation was adopted by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe as an emergency expedient to rapidly introduce high-denomination notes without formally altering the currency. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003 to 2013, presiding over the worst hyperinflation in modern history. This note is part of the Third Zimbabwe Dollar series (ZWD, 2006–2009), which saw denominations escalate from thousands to trillions. The currency was eventually abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system. These bearer cheques are now demonetized and widely collected as historic artifacts of hyperinflation. The Chiremba Balancing Rocks motif has appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the first post-independence banknotes.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (Third)
denomination: 50000 Dollars
series_name: Bearer Cheque Series
series_year: 2006
series_range: 2006-2008
issue_year: 2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (Second)
successor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (Fourth)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x75
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird (soapstone sculpture) in clear field
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#7a9b6e,#8b4513
reverse_subject: Zimbabwe Bird soapstone sculpture
themes: agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-45a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:00
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:00
front_description:
  Agricultural and industrial scenes representing Zimbabwe's economy during the hyperinflationary period. The left vignette depicts a farmer tending irrigated cropland with rows of cultivated fields, symbolizing the agricultural sector that once formed the backbone of Zimbabwe's economy. The right vignette shows a woman operating industrial textile machinery, representing the manufacturing and industrial sectors. These images were intended to project economic stability and productivity during a period when Zimbabwe was experiencing severe economic collapse and hyperinflation.

back_description:
  The Zimbabwe Bird (Hungwe), one of eight soapstone bird sculptures discovered at the Great Zimbabwe ruins, appears as the central watermark motif and in the Reserve Bank seal. These sculptures, dating from the 11th-15th centuries, are national symbols of Zimbabwe and appear on the flag and coat of arms. The note is formatted as a 'Bearer Cheque' with an expiry date of 31st July 2007, a temporary measure reflecting the rapid devaluation of the currency. The serial number is printed in the format typical of this hyperinflationary series.

historical_notes:
  This 50,000-dollar bearer cheque was issued on 1st August 2006 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflationary period (2004-2009), which ultimately peaked at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month inflation in November 2008. The note's designation as a 'Bearer Cheque' with an expiry date (31 July 2007) was an emergency measure to control the rapidly devaluing currency — the Reserve Bank issued these instruments with short validity periods to manage the crisis. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank during this period (2003-2013) and authorized the printing of increasingly high denominations. This third Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD, 2006-2008) replaced the second dollar at 1:1000 in August 2006. It was itself replaced by the fourth dollar (ZWL) at 1:10,000,000,000 in August 2008. The currency was eventually abandoned entirely in April 2009 in favor of foreign currencies (primarily USD and South African Rand). These bearer cheques are now demonetized and have become collector items documenting one of history's worst cases of hyperinflation. While the printed denomination is 50,000 dollars, the back shows '1000 DOLLARS' alongside the cheque number, a discrepancy typical of the rushed emergency printing during this chaotic monetary period.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar)
denomination: 50000000 (50 Million) Dollars
series_name: Bearer Cheque / Agro-Cheque series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #f5deb3,#4682b4,#8b4789
reverse_subject: Bearer cheque format
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: 58
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:02
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:02
front_description:
  Special Agro-Cheque issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe showing wildlife imagery with a giraffe at left side, representing Zimbabwe's natural heritage. The note displays '100000000000' (100 billion) as the serial/control number and denomination of 100 billion dollars at lower right. The front features guilloche patterns and intricate line work typical of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation-era emergency currency, issued during the period when the country experienced one of history's worst cases of hyperinflation.

back_description:
  Bearer cheque format issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, clearly stating 'Pay the bearer on demand FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS on or before 30th June 2008 for the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe'. Issue date printed as '2nd April 2008'. Signed by Dr. G Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank. The note bears serial number AJ7241547 and control number 02022909. This was part of the emergency bearer cheque series issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation crisis of 2007-2008.

historical_notes:
  This is a 50 million Zimbabwe dollar bearer cheque from the 2008 emergency series, issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period when the Reserve Bank issued 'agro-cheques' and 'bearer cheques' with expiration dates as emergency currency. The issue date of 2nd April 2008 and expiration date of 30th June 2008 (printed on back) are clearly visible. Note the discrepancy: the FRONT shows '100000000000' (100 billion) while the BACK states '50000000' (50 million) — this appears to be a mismatched pair or an error note combining elements from different denominations. During this period, Zimbabwe experienced monthly inflation rates exceeding 79.6 billion percent, leading to the demonetization of the Zimbabwe dollar on 12 April 2009 and adoption of a multi-currency system. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003-2013, presiding over the hyperinflation crisis. These bearer cheques were intended as temporary agricultural financing instruments but circulated as de facto currency. Pick #58 corresponds to the 50 million dollar bearer cheque dated 2008.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 50000000 / 50000000000
series_name: Special Agro-Cheque series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008–2009
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Third Zimbabwe Dollar
successor_currency: Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar / Multi-currency system
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
material: paper
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #d4c8a8,#8b4789,#d2b48c
reverse_subject: Agricultural scene with giraffe
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: 58
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:04
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:04
front_description:
  African elephants (Loxodonta africana) depicted in a natural savanna setting, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage and the country's conservation areas. The elephants are among Africa's most iconic megafauna and were featured on numerous Zimbabwean banknotes during the hyperinflation era of 2007–2009. This note is part of the extraordinary series issued during the peak of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation, when the Reserve Bank issued denominations reaching into the trillions.

back_description:
  Special Agro-Cheque denomination of 50 billion dollars with validity until 31st December 2008, signed by Governor Dr. Gideon Gono. The note features a giraffe at right and the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe seal. The Agro-Cheques were special bearer cheques issued during the hyperinflation crisis, intended to facilitate agricultural transactions and serve as legal tender with fixed expiry dates. This particular note shows both the face value of 50 million dollars and its actual denomination of 50 billion dollars.

historical_notes:
  This Special Agro-Cheque was issued on 15th May 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst cases of currency collapse in modern history. The note demonstrates the dual-denomination system used: the printed face value of 50 million dollars was overprinted to represent 50 billion dollars (a 1000:1 revaluation). These Agro-Cheques were time-limited bearer instruments created by Governor Gideon Gono in an attempt to maintain agricultural productivity while the currency rapidly depreciated. The expiry date of 31st December 2008 reflected the short-term nature of these notes. Peak inflation in November 2008 reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The entire Zimbabwe dollar system was abandoned in April 2009 in favor of foreign currencies (primarily USD and South African Rand). The serial number AD7910664 follows the standard prefix-numeric format used during this period. These hyperinflation-era notes are now widely collected as historic artifacts of economic crisis.


country: South Korea
currency: KRW
denomination: 10000
series_name: Fourth series
series_range: 1973-1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1983
predecessor_currency: Hwan
issuer: Bank of Korea
issuer_native: 한국은행
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 161x76
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
themes: architecture
pick_number: 37
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Hangul
languages: en,ko
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:35
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:55:35
front_description:
  Gyeonghoeru Pavilion (Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul), a two-story pavilion built in 1412 during the Joseon Dynasty reign of King Taejong. The pavilion served as a state banquet hall and is considered one of the largest surviving examples of Joseon palace architecture. The structure sits on 48 stone pillars above a lotus pond and represents the architectural grandeur of the early Joseon period. This pavilion was selected as the primary motif for Korea's highest denomination note of the fourth series to symbolize national heritage and cultural dignity.

historical_notes:
  Fourth series Bank of Korea notes issued 1973-1983, replacing the third series during a period of rapid economic development under President Park Chung-hee. The 10,000 won note was the highest denomination of this series. This series featured traditional Korean architectural landmarks rather than portraits, reflecting a focus on cultural heritage. The note was withdrawn from circulation in 1983 when the Bank of Korea introduced a fifth series with enhanced security features. The fourth series circulated during Korea's industrialization era and the transition from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: Zimbabwean Dollar
denomination: 25000000
series_range: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009
predecessor_currency: Rhodesian Dollar
successor_currency: RTGS Dollar
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
material: paper
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#2f5f4f,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Namdaemun (Sungnyemun Gate)
themes: architecture
pick_number: P-UNK
language_script: Latin, Hangul
languages: en,ko
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:03
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:03
front_description:
  The front displays the text 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' above a vignette showing a modernist city skyline with high-rise buildings and the Zimbabwe Bird monument (national emblem) in the foreground. The denomination '25000000' appears in green at upper left and lower right. However, this design element appears incongruous with the reverse, which bears Korean text and imagery.

back_description:
  Namdaemun (Sungnyemun Gate, 숭례문), the historic southern gate of Seoul, originally built in 1398 during the Joseon Dynasty as part of the city's fortress walls. The gate is one of Korea's most important cultural properties and national treasures. Korean text '한국은행' (Bank of Korea) appears at top center, with '오백원' (500 won) prominently displayed at center, and the denomination '500' in corners. Serial number 가300598334 is visible.

historical_notes:
  This appears to be a mismatched pair of banknote images. The front image shows a Zimbabwe hyperinflation-era note (likely from 2008 during the period when Zimbabwe issued notes with denominations reaching into the trillions) marked as 25,000,000 (likely Zimbabwe dollars). The reverse image is clearly a South Korean 500 won banknote featuring Namdaemun Gate, from a series issued by the Bank of Korea. The two images do not belong to the same banknote. The Korean note appears to be from an older series (pre-2000s based on design style), while the Zimbabwe note is from the 2006-2009 hyperinflation period.


country: Zimbabwe
currency: ZWD
denomination: 25000000
series_name: Bearer Cheque series
series_year: 2008
series_range: 2008
issue_year: 2008
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009-04-12
predecessor_currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (third, ZWD)
successor_currency: Multi-currency system (USD, ZAR, etc.)
issuer: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
signatures: Governor: Dr. G Gono
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Zimbabwe Bird in oval seal at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#4a7c7e
reverse_subject: Victoria Falls
themes: wildlife,agriculture
pick_number: 59
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:04
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:04
front_description:
  Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. The falls are known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya ('The Smoke That Thunders'). The note is inscribed 'SPECIAL AGRO-CHEQUE' and features a giraffe at lower left, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage. This denomination was part of the hyperinflation crisis era when the Reserve Bank issued 'Special Agro-Cheques' and 'Bearer Cheques' as emergency currency.

back_description:
  Central text panel reading 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE / Pay the bearer on demand / TWENTY FIVE MILLION DOLLARS / on or before / 30th June 2008 / for the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe / Issue date: 2nd April 2008 / BEARER CHEQUE'. The Reserve Bank seal appears at left showing the Zimbabwe Bird symbol. The expiry date mechanism (30th June 2008) was introduced as an attempt to manage hyperinflation by forcing currency turnover. Serial number 02022909 appears below the main text, with prefix AB1933361 at lower right.

historical_notes:
  Bearer Cheque series, issued April–July 2008 during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis, which eventually reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month. The 25 million dollar note (P-59) was issued 2 April 2008 with an expiry date of 30 June 2008, reflecting the Reserve Bank's attempt to manage runaway inflation through time-limited emergency currency instruments labeled as 'Bearer Cheques' and 'Special Agro-Cheques'. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw this period; his signature appears on multiple hyperinflation-era issues. The Zimbabwe dollar was abandoned in April 2009 in favor of a multi-currency system. These notes were demonetized when the currency collapsed and are now collectors' items documenting one of history's worst episodes of hyperinflation. The note's mismatched denominations (front shows 50 billion, back shows 25 million) require clarification.


country: South Korea
currency: KRW
denomination: 500 Won (front) / 10000 Won (back)
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Bank of Korea
issuer_native: 한국은행
material: paper
color_palette: #d8d0c8,#8b7355,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: King Sejong the Great
reverse_subject: Cheomseongdae Observatory
themes: monarch,architecture,transport,commemorative
language_script: Latin (front), Korean Hangul (back)
languages: en,ko
created_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:07
updated_at: 2026-05-10 07:56:07
front_description:
  Historical Korean naval vessels (turtle ships and traditional Korean vessels) at sea. The turtle ship (geobukseon) was an armored warship designed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin during the Joseon Dynasty in the late 16th century, instrumental in defending Korea during the Japanese invasions of 1592–1598. The turtle ship is one of the most iconic symbols of Korean military innovation and maritime heritage.

back_description:
  King Sejong the Great (1397–1450), fourth monarch of the Joseon Dynasty, who reigned 1418–1450. He is revered as one of Korea's greatest rulers for creating Hangul, the Korean alphabet, and for advancing science, technology, literature, and Confucian scholarship. He appears on modern South Korean currency including the 10,000 won note. Left side shows Cheomseongdae Observatory in Gyeongju, one of the oldest surviving astronomical observatories in Asia, built during the reign of Queen Seondeok of Silla in the 7th century.

historical_notes:
  CRITICAL DISCREPANCY: The front and back images DO NOT match as belonging to the same banknote. The FRONT displays a 500 Won denomination issued by 'The Bank of Korea' (historical English-language note, likely 1950s–1960s era based on design style), featuring turtle ships and traditional Korean vessels. The BACK displays a 10,000 Won denomination from modern South Korea (likely 1983–2007 series based on King Sejong portrait and Cheomseongdae), with serial number 0791167 JJ 00. These are two completely different banknotes from different eras and denominations. The 500 Won note represents an early post-Korean War issue when English inscriptions were common. The 10,000 Won note belongs to a modern series featuring Sejong the Great, part of South Korea's standard circulation currency. No known public serial-year encoding identified for Bank of Korea notes without additional context.


country: Iraq
currency: IQD
denomination: 25
series_name: Third Issue
series_range: 1986-1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2003
successor_currency: New Iraqi Dinar
issuer: Central Bank of Iraq
issuer_native: البنك المركزي العراقي
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4e5d0,#8b7355,#2f4f2f
portrait_subject: Saddam Hussein
reverse_subject: Mustansiriya Madrasah
themes: statesman,architecture,military
pick_number: 73
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic and English
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:16
updated_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:16
front_description:
  Mustansiriya Madrasah in Baghdad, one of the oldest Islamic universities in the world. Built in 1227 CE (623 AH) during the Abbasid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mustansir, it served as a center of Islamic learning and education for centuries. The madrasah represents Iraq's historical role as a center of scholarship and civilization in the medieval Islamic world, featuring distinctive Islamic architectural elements with arched iwans and decorative brickwork around a central courtyard.

back_description:
  Saddam Hussein (1937-2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He led Iraq through the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the Gulf War (1990-1991); his image appeared on Iraqi currency throughout his rule as part of a personality cult. The vignette shows a romanticized scene of mounted horsemen, evoking historical Arabian cavalry and military themes that were prominent in Ba'athist iconography during his regime.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the third issue of Iraqi dinars under Saddam Hussein's regime, circulated from 1986 to 1990. The series was printed during and after the Iran-Iraq War. Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the fall of Saddam Hussein's government, these notes were demonetized and replaced by a new currency series that removed his portrait. Notes from this era featuring Saddam Hussein are now collectible artifacts of the Ba'athist period. The 25 dinar denomination was a mid-range note during this period of relative currency stability before the severe devaluation that followed the 1991 Gulf War and subsequent sanctions.


country: Iran
currency: IRR
denomination: 100
series_name: Post-Revolution series
series_range: 1979–1985
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1985
predecessor_currency: Iranian Rial (Pahlavi era)
successor_currency: Iranian Rial (continued)
issuer: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
issuer_native: بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 157x72
watermark: Islamic arch motif in clear field at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,guilloche_pattern
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4af37,#4a3428
portrait_subject: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
reverse_subject: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran building
themes: religion,statesman,architecture
pick_number: 140
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Persian (Farsi) in Perso-Arabic script; English
languages: fa,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:20
updated_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:20
front_description:
  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902–1989), Supreme Leader of Iran and founder of the Islamic Republic following the 1979 revolution. He appears on the first post-revolutionary banknote series issued by the newly established Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, replacing the portraits of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. The note features Islamic architectural elements including a mihrab arch and geometric rosette pattern, reflecting the new theocratic government's emphasis on Islamic symbolism in state iconography.

back_description:
  The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran building in Tehran, the headquarters of the newly reorganized central banking authority established after the 1979 revolution. The modernist multi-story structure represents the administrative continuity of Iranian monetary policy under the new government. The architectural rendering emphasizes the functional, institutional nature of the Islamic Republic's financial system.

historical_notes:
  This 100 rials note belongs to the first series of banknotes issued by the Islamic Republic of Iran following the 1979 revolution. The Central Bank of Iran was reorganized as the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and all currency was redesigned to remove images of the deposed Shah and replace them with Ayatollah Khomeini and Islamic motifs. This series was issued between approximately 1979 and 1985, when it was replaced by updated designs. The denomination '100 rials' (صد ریال) is printed in Persian script. No specific printed year is visible on this note, and the series predates the widespread use of Western numerals on Iranian currency. The serial number format and design style are consistent with early post-revolutionary issues (P-140). These notes circulated during a period of significant economic disruption caused by the revolution, the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and international sanctions.


country: Indonesia
currency: IDR
denomination: 1000
series_name: 2013 Heroes Series
series_year: 2013
series_range: 2013–2016
issue_year: 2013
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2016-12-30
issuer: Bank Indonesia
issuer_native: BANK INDONESIA
signatures: Gubernur: Darmin Nasution; Deputi Gubernur: Hartadi A. Sarwono
printer: Perum Peruri
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x65
watermark: Portrait of Captain Pattimura in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #90c9a8,#e8c5a0,#f4e7c3
portrait_subject: Captain Pattimura
reverse_subject: Traditional outrigger boats at Banda Islands
themes: military,statesman,indigenous_culture,transport,commemorative
pick_number: 141a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:22
updated_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:22
front_description:
  Captain Pattimura (Thomas Matulessy, 1783–1817), Indonesian national hero from Maluku who led a rebellion against Dutch colonial rule in 1817. He fought to resist the forced cultivation system and Dutch monopoly over spice trade in the Moluccas; captured and executed by the Dutch, he became a symbol of anti-colonial resistance. The note bears the national emblem of Indonesia (Garuda Pancasila) at upper right, the 2013 issue date, and signatures of Governor Darmin Nasution and Deputy Governor Hartadi A. Sarwono.

back_description:
  Traditional outrigger boats (perahu) sailing in the waters of the Banda Islands, Maluku province, heart of the historic Spice Islands that were the center of global nutmeg and mace trade. The volcanic mountainous coastline represents the Banda archipelago, historically significant as the site of Pattimura's resistance against Dutch colonial forces and the focal point of European competition for spice trade control from the 16th to 19th centuries.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the 2013 Heroes Series issued by Bank Indonesia, which replaced the 2004 series. Printed date is clearly shown as '2013 DEWAN GUBERNUR' (Board of Governors 2013). The series featured Indonesian national heroes and ran from 2013 until withdrawn on December 30, 2016, when it was replaced by the 2016 series that introduced polymer substrate technology. The 1000 rupiah denomination honors Captain Pattimura's legacy in the struggle for independence. Signatures match the governorship of Darmin Nasution (2010–2013). This paper-based series represented the final generation of traditional Indonesian banknotes before the polymer transition. Serial prefix 'KIY' is a standard block identifier for this print run.


country: Saudi Arabia
currency: Riyal
denomination: 25
series_name: Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Pilgrim's Receipts
series_range: 1953-1956
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1956
successor_currency: Saudi Riyal (regular issue)
issuer: Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
issuer_native: مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b9b7a,#2f4f2f,#d4c9a8
reverse_subject: Arabian horses
themes: wildlife,transport,commemorative
pick_number: 10
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Arabic script with English
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:23
updated_at: 2026-05-10 09:30:23
front_description:
  Safe conduct pass issued by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency for pilgrims to Mecca. The front features extensive Arabic text providing security instructions and terms of use, with 'SAFE CONDUCT PASS' printed in English on the left margin. These special receipts were issued to Hajj pilgrims from 1953-1956 to facilitate secure currency exchange during the pilgrimage season, representing an innovative early measure by SAMA to protect pilgrims from exploitation and currency fraud.

back_description:
  Two Arabian horses in profile at center, facing right, rendered in detailed intaglio engraving. The Arabian horse is central to Saudi culture and history, having been bred on the Arabian Peninsula for millennia and serving as the foundation for modern light horse breeds worldwide. The denomination '25' appears in Arabic-Indic numerals (٢٥) in all four corners, with 'المملكة العربية السعودية' (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) inscribed at top center in ornate Arabic calligraphy.

historical_notes:
  This is a Saudi Arabian Hajj Pilgrim's Receipt from the early SAMA series (P-10), issued 1953-1956. These special-purpose notes were created by the newly-established Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (founded 1952) specifically for use by pilgrims during the Hajj season. They served as secure currency receipts that pilgrims could exchange for local currency, protecting them from fraud and exploitation by money changers. The system was discontinued in 1956 when regular SAMA banknotes became widely available. The series included denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 riyals. These pilgrim receipts are historically significant as among the first issues of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency and represent an early Islamic finance innovation. The horse imagery reflects Saudi Arabia's deep cultural connection to Arabian horse breeding.


