# specimens_fts_content

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  Switzerland CHF 10 Eighth series 1995 Swiss National Bank Orell Füssli Security Printing Le Corbusier Bosra Roman Theatre architect,architecture Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, 1887–1965), Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer, one of the pioneers of modern architecture. The front features his portrait alongside abstract geometric elements and the Swiss cross, with interwoven colored ribbons representing DNA strands. Le Corbusier is honored on this note for his revolutionary contributions to 20th-century architecture and his influence on urban planning worldwide, including his modular system and iconic buildings like the Villa Savoye and Unité d'Habitation. The Roman Theatre at Bosra, Syria, one of the best-preserved Roman theaters in the world, dating from the 2nd century CE. Built during the reign of Emperor Trajan, it could seat approximately 15,000 spectators and features exceptional acoustics. The theater is framed by the arched structure of the medieval citadel that later enclosed it. This architectural marvel represents Le Corbusier's interest in classical proportions and ancient architecture, which influenced his modernist principles. This is the eighth series of Swiss banknotes, designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer and introduced in 1995 to replace the sixth series (the seventh series was never issued). The series features Swiss cultural figures on the front and their thematic connections on the reverse. The 10-franc note honors Le Corbusier and his architectural legacy. The series incorporates advanced security features including see-through registers (the Swiss cross visible from both sides), optically variable ink, microprinting, and UV-reactive elements. These notes remain legal tender alongside the newer ninth series introduced starting in 2016. The date printed on the note is 1440 AH (Anno Hegirae, 2019 CE in the Islamic calendar), indicating this is a later printing within the series. Serial number format includes prefix and suffix letters with numerical sequence. 66 de,fr,it,rm,ar 13J6994374 UNC


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  Syria SYP 100 Issue of 1990 1990 Central Bank of Syria Bosra Roman Theatre and statue from Shahba architecture,indigenous_culture The Bosra Roman Theatre, one of the best-preserved Roman theatres in the world, located in southern Syria and built in the 2nd century CE during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan. The theatre could seat approximately 15,000 spectators and remains a UNESCO World Heritage site. Also depicted is a commemorative coin and traditional Syrian architectural elements including a minaret with Islamic geometric patterns. The Roman Theatre at Bosra shown from the stage perspective with its semicircular seating arrangement (cavea) and scaenae frons (stage building). At right is a statue from ancient Philippopolis (modern Shahba), depicting a classical draped figure, likely from the collection of the archaeological museum at Shahba. The city of Shahba was the birthplace of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab (Marcus Julius Philippus, ruled 244–249 CE) who commissioned significant building works there. The back features Arabic calligraphy and Islamic geometric patterns. This note belongs to Syria's 1990 banknote series issued by the Central Bank of Syria (Banque Centrale de Syrie / مصرف سورية المركزي). The series prominently featured Syria's rich archaeological heritage, with this 100 Syrian Pound note showcasing the Roman Theatre at Bosra, one of the finest examples of Roman provincial architecture. The note includes the Hijri date 1413 (1991–1992 CE) and commemorates Syria's position as a crossroads of ancient civilizations. The watermark depicts Philip the Arab (Marcus Julius Philippus), the only Roman emperor of Arab origin, born in Shahba circa 204 CE. This series was gradually replaced by newer issues from the late 1990s onward, with most notes of this design withdrawn from circulation by the 2000s. 104 ar,en 227/928215 UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible folds


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  Syria SYP 500 Issue of 2013 2013 Central Bank of Syria Damascus Opera House agriculture,industry,architecture Agricultural and industrial workers depicted in a scene celebrating Syria's productive economy. The composition shows workers with cotton plants, symbolizing Syria's important cotton industry, alongside industrial buildings representing manufacturing. The scene emphasizes the unity of agricultural and industrial labor, reflecting the Ba'athist economic ideology of the Syrian Arab Republic during this period. Damascus Opera House (Dar al-Assad lil-Funun, also known as Assad House for the Arts), a major cultural center in Damascus opened in 2004. The building represents Syria's investment in cultural infrastructure and modern architecture. The opera house was designed to host symphonic concerts, ballet, opera, and other performing arts, serving as a symbol of Syria's cultural ambitions before and during the civil war period. This 500 Syrian pound note belongs to the series introduced in 2013 by the Central Bank of Syria (مصرف سورية المركزي). The note was issued during the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, during a period of severe economic disruption and hyperinflation. The visible date on the back is 1434 AH (Hijri calendar) corresponding to 2013 CE. The serial number format shows prefix 'B/01' followed by '9510969'. The series continued the pre-war design themes celebrating Syria's agricultural and industrial sectors while featuring prominent Damascus landmarks. Despite the ongoing conflict, these notes remained in circulation as legal tender. The denomination of 500 pounds, once significant, lost considerable purchasing power due to war-related inflation. 115 en,ar B/01 9510969 UNC


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  Syria SYP 500 Modernized series 2013 Central Bank of Syria Citadel of Aleppo architecture,ancient_history Ancient Roman mosaic from Shahba (ancient Philippopolis), depicting a musical scene with figures playing the lyre and other instruments. This mosaic dates from the 3rd century CE and represents the rich cultural heritage of Roman Syria; Shahba was built as the birthplace of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244–249 CE). The mosaic scene illustrates the Hellenistic-Roman cultural synthesis that characterized the region. The note features Islamic geometric patterns in blue and a holographic patch with star motif. The Citadel of Aleppo (Qal'at Halab), one of the oldest and largest castles in the world, sitting atop a tell (artificial mound) that has been occupied since at least the 3rd millennium BCE. The current structure dates primarily from the Ayyubid period (12th–13th centuries CE) under rulers including al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin. The citadel's massive glacis and monumental entrance gate are iconic features of medieval Islamic military architecture. This UNESCO World Heritage site has suffered extensive damage during the Syrian Civil War but remains a powerful symbol of Syria's ancient and medieval history. This 500 Syrian Pounds note belongs to the modernized series introduced by the Central Bank of Syria in 2013, bearing the printed year '2013' in both Western and Eastern Arabic numerals. The series was issued during the ongoing Syrian Civil War and reflects the government's attempt to maintain monetary stability amid conflict. The front features a Roman-era mosaic from Shahba (Philippopolis), honoring Syria's classical heritage, while the back depicts the Citadel of Aleppo, one of Syria's most iconic historical monuments. The Arabic text on the back includes 'مصرف سورية المركزي' (Central Bank of Syria) and signatures with titles. The note employs modern security features including holographic patches, geometric see-through register elements, and microprinting. Despite wartime economic challenges and hyperinflation, this denomination remains in circulation as legal tender. 110 ar,en S 02 8240404 UNC


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  Syria SYP 50 2021 Central Bank of Syria Governor: signatures visible on back but names not fully legible from image Yusuf al-Azma Al-Nouri Mosque and Noria waterwheel of Hama military,architecture,indigenous_culture Yusuf al-Azma (1883–1920), Syrian Minister of War and military hero who died defending Damascus at the Battle of Maysalun against French colonial forces in 1920. The statue depicted stands in Damascus as a monument to Syrian independence. Al-Azma is revered as a martyr of Arab nationalism and Syrian sovereignty; his defiant stand against the French mandate remains a symbol of Syrian resistance and national pride. Al-Nouri Mosque (also known as the Great Nouri Mosque) in Hama, one of Syria's most significant historical mosques, alongside one of the famous Norias (waterwheels) of Hama. These ancient wooden waterwheels, some dating to the Byzantine era, were used for centuries to lift water from the Orontes River for irrigation. The Norias are iconic symbols of Hama and Syrian engineering heritage, representing the historical agricultural prosperity of the region. This 50-pound note was issued by the Central Bank of Syria in 2021, as indicated by the printed date '1442 هـ – 2021 م' (Hijri and Gregorian calendars) on the reverse. The note is part of Syria's current currency series, continuing the Syrian pound (lira) which has been in circulation since 1919 with various reforms and redenominations. The 2021 series reflects modern security features while maintaining traditional Syrian cultural and historical imagery. Yusuf al-Azma's portrait reinforces themes of national sovereignty and resistance to foreign occupation, particularly significant given Syria's complex modern history. The Hama Norias on the reverse celebrate Syria's ancient technological achievements and agricultural heritage. 113 en,ar L/01 8993504 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp paper and sharp details


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  Syria SYP 200 2009 Central Bank of Syria architecture Decorative Islamic geometric floral rosette pattern at center, a hallmark of Syrian and broader Levantine architectural ornamentation found in mosques, palaces, and traditional buildings throughout the region. The design features a circular medallion with radiating petals and intricate geometric borders, representing the rich artistic heritage of Syrian Islamic art. The note displays '200' denominations in multiple corners with 'CENTRAL BANK OF SYRIA' and 'TWO HUNDRED SYRIAN POUNDS' in English, along with Arabic text. A holographic security patch with geometric pattern appears at center-right. The back image appears to be from a different note entirely — a Tajikistani 1 Ruble note from 1994, identifiable by the Cyrillic text 'БОНКИ МИЛЛИИ ЧУМХУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН' (National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan), the denomination '1 Рубл' (1 Ruble), serial number 'АЛ 1824686', and the date '1994' visible in the guilloche pattern. This is clearly not the reverse of the Syrian 200 Pounds note shown in the front image. CRITICAL MISMATCH: The front and back images are from completely different banknotes from different countries and eras. The front is a Syrian 200 Pounds note issued by the Central Bank of Syria, bearing the date 2009 (visible as '2009' in small text at top right). This note is part of Syria's modern currency series introduced in the 2000s with enhanced security features. The back image is a Tajikistani 1 Ruble note from 1994, issued during Tajikistan's brief use of the Russian ruble before introducing its own somoni currency. These images do not form a matching pair and cannot be catalogued as a single note. The Syrian 200 Pounds note (P-114) was introduced in 2009 and remains legal tender, featuring traditional Islamic geometric art rather than portraiture, consistent with Syrian currency design preferences. 114 en,ar UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear, though assessment is based on images that do not match


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  Tajikistan TJS 1 First Tajik Ruble series 1994 National Bank of Tajikistan Coat of arms of Tajikistan statesman,architecture,agriculture The Parliament building in Dushanbe (Majlisi Oli), seat of the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan, shown within an ornamental frame topped by the national flag with its red, white, and green horizontal stripes and crown emblem. The building served as the main legislative structure after Tajikistan's independence in 1991. Text in Tajik and Russian identifies the issuing authority. The coat of arms of Tajikistan, adopted after independence in 1992, featuring a crown, cotton bolls, wheat stalks, mountains representing the Pamir range, an open book symbolizing knowledge, and a rising sun with rays—all elements representing the nation's agricultural heritage, natural resources, and aspirations. The denomination '100 рубл' (100 rubles) appears at center, with the year 1994 printed at right. The Tajikistani Ruble was introduced in May 1995 as the first national currency following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, though this note bears the 1994 series date. It replaced the Soviet Ruble and circulated during a period of severe civil war (1992–1997) and hyperinflation. The currency was issued by the National Bank of Tajikistan (Бонки миллии Чумҳурии Тоҷикистон). Due to devastating inflation, the Ruble was replaced by the Somoni in October 2000 at a rate of 1 Somoni = 1000 Rubles. This 1 Ruble note is from the first series of independent Tajikistan's currency and represents the transition period from Soviet to independent monetary systems. Text appears in both Cyrillic Tajik and Russian, reflecting the multilingual nature of the newly independent republic. 1 tg,ru XF Note appears well-centered with minor handling wear but no major creases or tears visible


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  Tajikistan TJS 100 First Tajik ruble series 1994 National Bank of Tajikistan Parliament building with Tajik flag architecture,statesman The Parliament building of Tajikistan in Dushanbe, topped with the national flag of Tajikistan (red, white, and green horizontal stripes with a crown and stars emblem). The Majlisi Oli (Supreme Assembly) building was the seat of the newly independent republic's legislature from 1991. The building represents Tajikistan's sovereignty following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, during the tumultuous early years of state-building and civil conflict. This note does not belong to the front image. The back shows a portrait of Abeid Amani Karume (1905–1972), first President of Zanzibar and first Vice President of Tanzania after the union in 1964. Karume was a key figure in the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 and led the merger with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. This is a 500 Tanzanian shilling note issued by the Bank of Tanzania. The front depicts a Tajik 100 ruble note from the first national currency series issued in 1994 by the National Bank of Tajikistan, following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The Tajik ruble (TJR) replaced the Russian ruble at par and circulated during a period of hyperinflation and civil war (1992–1997). The currency was replaced by the somoni on October 30, 2000, at a rate of 1 somoni = 1,000 Tajik rubles. The back image is mismatched: it shows a 500 Tanzanian shilling note (Pick-35) from Tanzania's 2003 series, featuring Abeid Amani Karume. Serial number BE1755115 on the Tanzanian note does not correspond to the Tajik note's serial AT 3916385. 6a tg,ru AT 3916385 VF Light circulation wear visible, slight soiling on edges.


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  Tanzania TZS 500 Bank of Tanzania King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand education,architecture,monarch School scene depicting education in Tanzania, showing a traditional Tanzanian school building with curved roof architecture and a group of students in uniform. The design emphasizes Tanzania's commitment to education and community development following independence. The traditional geometric patterns in the borders reflect indigenous Tanzanian textile and craft traditions. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand (1927–2016), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty. This appears to be a mismatched pair: the back shows a Thai banknote (10 Baht) featuring King Bhumibol in military dress uniform with medals and decorations, while the front is clearly a Tanzanian 500 Shillings note. The Thai note is from the Series 14 issued during the 1990s. The front is a Tanzanian 500 Shillings note from the 1989–1993 series (Pick 26), issued by the Bank of Tanzania. This series was introduced following Tanzania's economic reforms in the late 1980s. The design emphasizes education and traditional architecture as symbols of national development. However, the back image is NOT from the same note—it shows a Thai 10 Baht note featuring King Bhumibol Adulyadej in military uniform, part of Thailand's Series 14 banknotes issued in the 1990s. These are two entirely different banknotes from different countries. The Tanzanian 500 Shillings was demonetized in 1997 when Tanzania introduced a new currency series. 26 en,sw,th VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible fold marks and edge wear


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  Thailand Baht 10 10th Series Bank of Thailand King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Royal Ploughing Ceremony with sacred oxen monarch,agriculture,indigenous_culture King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (1927–2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand's Chakri dynasty who reigned from 1946 to 2016, making him the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. His portrait shows him in formal military uniform with glasses, representing his role as a modernizing force who promoted agricultural development, rural infrastructure, and sustainable resource management throughout his reign. The Garuda emblem, Thailand's national symbol, appears at upper left and right. The Royal Ploughing Ceremony (Raek Na Khwan), an ancient Brahmin ritual marking the beginning of the rice-growing season, conducted annually in Thailand since the Sukhothai period. The scene depicts the ceremonial first ploughing with sacred white oxen, a tradition presided over by the king or his representative to ensure agricultural prosperity. This ceremony reflects Thailand's agrarian heritage and the monarchy's historic role as guarantor of the kingdom's fertility and abundance. This note belongs to Thailand's 10th series, issued during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1969 and circulated through the 1970s, featuring the young king who had ascended the throne in 1946. The 10 baht denomination was a mid-value note in this series. The Royal Ploughing Ceremony motif emphasizes the monarch's traditional role in ensuring agricultural success, a theme that resonated strongly during this period of Thailand's development. The serial number format with Thai numerals (๙ ๗ ๑๔๖๕๖๐๖) and prefix '๙ ง' is characteristic of Bank of Thailand notes from this era. No known public serial-year encoding has been documented for this issuer's 10th series. 83 th ๙ง ๑๔๖๕๖๐๖ XF Note shows a vertical center fold and minor handling wear but retains good detail and color


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  Thailand THB 10 Ninth Series Bank of Thailand Thomas De La Rue & Company King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) King Naresuan on elephant back in combat monarch,military,commemorative King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX, 1927–2016), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty of Thailand. He is the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history and deeply revered as the father of modern Thailand, overseeing the country's development through decades of political and economic transformation. The Garuda, the national emblem of Thailand, appears in the upper right corner. King Naresuan the Great (1555–1605) mounted on a war elephant in single combat, depicting the famous 1593 Battle of Nong Sarai where he fought and defeated the Burmese crown prince in elephant-back duel, a pivotal moment in Thai history that secured Ayutthaya independence from Burma. Naresuan is among the most celebrated warrior kings in Thai history, known for liberating Siam from Burmese vassalage. This note belongs to the Ninth Series issued by the Bank of Thailand from 1969 to 1978, the first series to feature King Bhumibol Adulyadej as the primary portrait subject on all denominations. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company of London. The reverse celebrates King Naresuan's legendary military prowess and is part of Thailand's tradition of honouring historical monarchs on currency. This 10 baht denomination was widely circulated during the 1970s and is now withdrawn from circulation but remains a popular collector's item representing the modern era of Thai banknote design. P-83 th 0C1365607 VF Note shows evidence of circulation with a visible vertical center fold, some general handling wear, but retains good detail and color


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  Thailand THB 10 9th Series Bank of Thailand Governor: Puey Ungphakorn Thomas De La Rue & Company King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) King Taksin the Great on horseback monarch,military,statesman King Taksin the Great (1734–1782) on horseback, the warrior king who liberated Siam from Burmese occupation in 1767 and established Thonburi as the new capital. He reunified the kingdom after the fall of Ayutthaya and ruled 1767–1782, honored as one of the five great kings of Thailand. The Garuda emblem, royal symbol of Thailand, appears at upper right. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927–2016), the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty, who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the longest-serving head of state in the world. He appears in formal military dress uniform with decorations. On the left is a traditional Thai guardian statue (yaksha). This portrait design was used throughout the 9th Series issued during his reign. This note belongs to Thailand's 9th Series, issued from 1969 to 1978 during the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue and featured King Taksin the Great on the 10 baht denomination, honoring his role in restoring Thai independence. The reverse consistently depicted King Bhumibol across all denominations of this series. The note bears serial number 2D9178611 / ๒ ก ๕๒๘๕๖๖, with Thai numeral serial ๒ ก ๕๒๘๕๖๖ on the back. Governor Puey Ungphakorn served as Governor of the Bank of Thailand from 1959 to 1971, which helps date this note to approximately 1969–1971. The 9th Series was replaced by the 10th Series beginning in 1978. P-83 th 2D9178611 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible folds, minor soiling, and edge wear. Colors remain relatively strong with good detail visible in the intaglio printing.


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  Thailand THB 10 Series 9 Bank of Thailand Thomas De La Rue & Company King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall monarch,architecture Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, a magnificent Italian Renaissance-style royal reception hall within Dusit Palace, Bangkok. Completed in 1915 under King Rama V, the building served as the first permanent house of parliament of Thailand (1932-1974) and now hosts state ceremonies and the Arts of the Kingdom Museum. The hall's name means 'Hall of the Assembled Heavens' and features a distinctive cruciform plan with a central dome. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the ninth monarch of the Chakri dynasty and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. Born in 1927 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he ascended to the throne following the death of his brother King Ananda Mahidol. Revered as the 'Father of the Nation,' he was known for his dedication to rural development projects and his role as a unifying figure in Thai society. The Garuda emblem of Thailand appears at left. This note belongs to Series 9 (Ninth Series) of Thai banknotes issued during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1969 and circulated until 1978, when it was replaced by Series 10. This was the first series to feature the young King Bhumibol Adulyadej's portrait consistently across all denominations after his coronation in 1950. The 10 baht note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in the United Kingdom, as were most Thai banknotes of this era. The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall on the front symbolizes Thai sovereignty and constitutional monarchy. The series used traditional Thai architectural and royal motifs throughout. These notes are now demonetized but remain popular with collectors as they represent an important period in modern Thai monetary history. 83 th VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible center fold, edge wear, and some soiling. Paper integrity maintained with no tears or holes visible.


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  Thailand THB 20 9th series Bank of Thailand King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) monarch,statesman,military Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, reigned 1868-1910), the fifth monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty and one of Thailand's most revered kings. King Chulalongkorn modernized Siam, abolished slavery, reformed the government and military, and preserved Thai independence during the colonial era. The statue depicted is the Royal Plaza Monument in Bangkok, erected in 1908. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927-2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand's Chakri dynasty who reigned from 1946 to 2016, making him the world's longest-reigning monarch at the time of his death. He is shown wearing military uniform with decorations and glasses. Bhumibol was deeply revered in Thailand for his development projects, moral authority, and dedication to his people throughout seven decades of rule. This note belongs to the 9th series of Thai banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand during the reign of King Rama IX. The series was introduced in 1971 and circulated through 1988, featuring portraits of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the back and various historical and cultural subjects on the front. The 20 baht denomination features the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn, honoring the modernizing monarch who preserved Thai sovereignty. Serial number 8H0401219 visible on back; Thai numerals also used. This series represents the transition period in Thai currency design before polymer notes. The Garuda emblem (mythical bird of Hindu-Buddhist tradition and symbol of royal authority) appears prominently on both sides. 88 th 8H0401219 VF Light center fold visible, minor handling marks, generally well-preserved with good color retention


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  Thailand THB 20 Ninth series Bank of Thailand Thomas De La Rue & Company King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) King Ramkhamhaeng the Great monarch,statesman,military King Ramkhamhaeng the Great (c. 1237/1238–1298), third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty and founder of the first Thai kingdom of Sukhothai. Depicted as a warrior on horseback wielding a sword, he is credited with creating the Thai alphabet in 1283, expanding the kingdom through military campaigns, and establishing Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. He is one of only seven Thai monarchs honoured with the title 'the Great' and remains a defining figure in Thai national identity and culture. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX, 1927–2016), ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty, who reigned from 1946 to 2016 as the longest-serving head of state in the world. He is depicted in military dress uniform with decorations. During his reign, he became deeply revered in Thailand for his development projects, moral authority, and role in national unity through periods of political turbulence. His portrait has appeared on virtually all Thai banknotes issued during his reign. This 20 baht note belongs to the ninth series of Thai banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand between 1971 and 1988 under the reign of King Rama IX. The series features various Thai historical kings on the front and the portrait of the reigning King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the reverse. The Garuda emblem, the national symbol of Thailand representing the vehicle of the Hindu god Vishnu and adopted as the royal seal, appears prominently. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in London. Serial number format and prefix suggest this is a standard circulation note from the series. This design remained in circulation until being gradually replaced by later series in the 1990s and 2000s. 88 th 0F990315 XF Note shows some circulation with light handling marks and minor edge wear, but retains good overall eye appeal with strong colors and clear details.


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  Thailand THB 50 Twelfth series Bank of Thailand Governor signature visible; Finance Minister signature visible King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Equestrian statue of King Taksin the Great monarch,military,statesman King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (1927–2016), the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty, who reigned from 1946 until his death in 2016, making him the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. He is revered for his development projects and is deeply honoured on Thai currency throughout his reign. Equestrian statue of King Taksin the Great (1734–1782), who liberated Siam from Burmese occupation after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 and established Thonburi as the new capital. The statue, located in Thonburi, Bangkok, depicts him mounted on horseback with sword raised, commemorating his role as a military leader and founder of the Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782). Taksin is honoured as one of the great warrior kings in Thai history. This note belongs to the twelfth series of Thai baht banknotes issued by the Bank of Thailand during the reign of King Rama IX, circulated from 1985 to 1996. The series features King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the obverse across all denominations. The 50 baht note specifically depicts the equestrian statue of King Taksin on the reverse, honoring this 18th-century warrior king who reunified Siam. The series was eventually replaced by the thirteenth series in 1996-1997. These notes were printed on cotton-based paper with traditional security features including watermarks, security threads, and fine intaglio printing. The twelfth series is no longer legal tender but remains widely collected. P-93 th 8ญ7974 VF Center fold visible, minor edge wear, overall good color retention


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  Transnistria Transnistrian ruble 10 First series 1994 Pridnestrovian Republican Bank A.V. Suvorov signature printed at lower right Alexander Suvorov military,statesman Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800), Russian military commander and Generalissimo who is considered one of the greatest military leaders in Russian history. He won all 63 battles he commanded and was never defeated, serving under Catherine the Great and Paul I. Suvorov is particularly honoured in Transnistria as his forces captured the Turkish fortress of Tighina (Bender) in 1789 during the Russo-Turkish War, a key event in the region's history. The note features his portrait in military uniform with medals. The back of this Transnistrian 10 rubles note displays text in Russian Cyrillic identifying the denomination (КУPON / 10 РУБЛЕЙ - Coupon / 10 Rubles) and the issuing authority (ПРИДНИЕСТРОВСКИЙ БАНКЪ - Pridnestrovian Bank). The serial number АБ 2851331 appears at left, with the date 1994 below it. Decorative guilloche patterns in rainbow colors provide security features. This is part of the first currency series issued by the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) following its 1990 declaration of independence from Moldova. The 1994 series replaced Soviet rubles and circulated until being replaced by a new ruble series in 2000. The choice of Alexander Suvorov reflects both Russian military heritage and his specific historical connection to the region through the capture of Bender fortress. These notes are sometimes referred to as 'coupons' (купон) in their official text. The issuing authority name uses the archaic Russian spelling 'БАНКЪ' with the hard sign (Ъ) at the end, evoking pre-revolutionary orthography. 17 ru АБ 2851331 VF Note shows moderate circulation with a vertical center fold, minor edge wear, but generally clean surfaces and intact corners.


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  Transnistria Transnistrian ruble 10 rubles (front) / 50 rubles (back) First series 1993 Pridnestrovian Republican Bank Alexander Suvorov monument in Tiraspol military,architecture The Supreme Council building (Verkhovny Sovet) of Transnistria in Tiraspol, the de facto capital. This brutalist-style government building serves as the seat of the legislative assembly of the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. The note features text 'ПОДДEЛКА КУПОНОВ ПРИДНЕСТРОВСКОГО БАНКА ПРЕСЛЕДУЕТСЯ ПО ЗАКОНУ' (counterfeiting of Pridnestrovian Bank coupons is prosecuted by law) and 'ДЕСЯТЬ РУБЛЕЙ' (ten rubles). Monument to Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), the legendary Russian military commander who won all battles he commanded and is considered one of the greatest military leaders in Russian history. This equestrian statue stands in Tiraspol and honours Suvorov's founding of the fortress that became the city in 1792. The back is denominated as 50 rubles with text 'ПРИДНЕСТРОВЬЕ' (Pridnestrovye) and trilingual issuer identification: 'БАНКЭ ННИСТРЯНЭ' (Moldovan Cyrillic), 'ПРИДНІСТРОВСЬКИЙ БАНК' (Ukrainian), 'ПРИДНИСТРОВСКИЙ БАНК' (Russian). This note represents the chaotic first currency issue of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria), an unrecognized breakaway state that declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The 1993 series was issued during the transitional period following the 1992 armed conflict. The note exhibits a denomination mismatch: the front is denominated as 10 rubles while the back shows 50 rubles, indicating a rushed production during the hyperinflationary early 1990s post-Soviet period when denominations were rapidly changing. The dated '1993' appears on the back. These first-series notes were replaced by more standardized issues in the mid-1990s. Transnistria uses three official languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan), reflected in the trilingual text on the reverse. The note is not recognized as legal tender outside Transnistria. ru,uk,ro AA 9532277 XF Good color retention, minor handling wear visible


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  Transnistria rubel 50 Rubles (front) / 1 Dollar (back) Приднестровский банк (Pridnestrovian Bank) [front] / Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago [back] Governor: William Demas [back signature visible] Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago; Scarlet Ibis architecture,wildlife The Palace of Soviets (or Supreme Soviet building) in Tiraspol, the administrative center of the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic). The note is inscribed 'ПЯТЬДЕСЯТ РУБЛЕЙ' (Fifty Rubles) and bears text stating it is issued by the Pridnestrovian Bank according to law. This building serves as the seat of the unrecognized territory's Supreme Soviet and has been featured on Transnistrian currency since the entity's self-declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago at center, featuring the national motto 'Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve' on a scroll beneath a shield supported by two birds (hummingbirds). At left, the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), the national bird of Trinidad and Tobago. This is a One Dollar note issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago under the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02, with serial number PB277615 and a signature of the Governor. This is a mismatched pair: the front is a 50-ruble note from the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria), a breakaway region of Moldova that declared independence in 1990 and issues its own currency (the Transnistrian ruble) not recognized internationally. The back is from a Trinidad and Tobago One Dollar note, likely from the 1970s–1980s series issued under Governor William Demas (who served 1974–1982). The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago was established in 1964, and this series references the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02. The two images do not belong to the same banknote—they represent entirely different countries, currencies, denominations, and issuing authorities. ru,en PB277615 unknown Images appear to show two different banknotes photographed separately; condition cannot be assessed for a single coherent note.


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  Trinidad and Tobago TTD 1 Central Bank Act Chap. 79:02 series Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago Governor: signature visible but name illegible Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago industry,wildlife,indigenous_culture Industrial scene depicting the Point Lisas Industrial Estate with petrochemical facilities and offshore oil platforms. Point Lisas, located on Trinidad's west coast, became the cornerstone of Trinidad and Tobago's energy-based industrialization in the 1970s-1980s, housing major methanol, ammonia, and steel production facilities that transformed the nation's economy from primarily agricultural to industrial. The denomination '$1' appears in all four corners within ornate guilloche patterns. The Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago at center, granted at independence in 1962, featuring two hummingbirds (one for each island) as supporters, a shield with three sailing ships representing the Trinity and Columbus's 1498 arrival, and the national motto 'Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve' on a ribbon below. At left, the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), the national bird of Trinidad and Tobago, depicted in flight over marshland habitat typical of the Caroni Swamp where these birds roost in large flocks. The serial number ET512422 appears twice. Text states 'ISSUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CENTRAL BANK ACT CHAP. 79:02'. This 1 Dollar note was issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago under the Central Bank Act Chapter 79:02, which governed the issuance of currency during the 1980s. This series was issued approximately 1985-1989 and features industrial themes reflecting the nation's oil and gas boom era. The front showcases Point Lisas Industrial Estate, which by the mid-1980s had become one of the Caribbean's largest industrial complexes, particularly for petrochemicals and natural gas processing. The reverse displays the national coat of arms and the Scarlet Ibis, emphasizing national identity and natural heritage. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue in the United Kingdom. This series was replaced by subsequent issues in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The serial number format (prefix-letter + number) was standard for this period. No known serial-year encoding is documented for this issuer. P-36 en ET512422 XF Note shows light circulation with good color retention and minor edge wear. Some vertical creasing visible but no tears or significant soiling.


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  Trinidad and Tobago TTD 1 Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago Industrial complex with towers and refineries industry,architecture Industrial complex featuring modernist architecture with tall towers and manufacturing facilities, representing Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum and petrochemical industry. The nation's economy has been heavily dependent on oil and gas production since the early 20th century, and the energy sector remains central to its economic identity. This architectural motif reflects the industrial development and modernization of the post-independence era. This reverse shows Arabic script and numerals including '10' and 'ابن خلدون' (Ibn Khaldoun), with date '1994-11-7' printed at lower left. The imagery depicts Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), the influential Arab historian, philosopher and pioneer of sociology, wearing a traditional turban. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (Prolegomena), which laid foundations for historiography and social science. The architectural vignette shows Islamic architectural elements. However, this reverse appears to be from a Tunisian 10 dinar note, not a Trinidad and Tobago dollar note. CRITICAL MISMATCH DETECTED: The front image shows a Trinidad and Tobago 1 dollar note issued by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, featuring an industrial petroleum/petrochemical complex in brown/rust tones. The back image shows a Tunisian 10 dinar note from 1994 featuring Ibn Khaldun and Arabic script. These are definitively NOT the front and back of the same banknote—they are from entirely different countries, currencies, denominations, and design series. The Trinidad dollar uses English text and Latin script; the Tunisian dinar uses Arabic script. This represents either a scanning/photography error or intentional mispairing of unrelated notes. en VF Front shows moderate circulation with visible creases and some soiling


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  Turkey TRL 250000 7th Emission Group 1970 Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Başkan: [signature]; Başkan Yardımcısı: [signature] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Grand National Assembly of Turkey building statesman,architecture Grand National Assembly of Turkey building (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) in Ankara, completed in 1961 and designed by architect Clemens Holzmeister. The building serves as the seat of Turkey's parliament and is shown with its distinctive modernist facade featuring vertical columns. The allegorical statue at left represents the Turkish nation. The note displays '50000 ELLİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (50,000 Turkish Lira) with Islamic geometric patterns and Ottoman-style decorative motifs. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led the Turkish War of Independence and instituted sweeping political, social, and economic reforms that transformed Turkey into a modern secular nation-state. The note states '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' (Issued according to Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970), indicating the legal authority for this currency series. The denomination is '250000 İKİYÜZELLİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (250,000 Turkish Lira). This note belongs to Turkey's 7th Emission Group (1984–1997), issued during a period of severe hyperinflation that necessitated ever-higher denominations. The legal text references Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970, which established the framework for Turkish banknote issuance. The front denomination is 50,000 lira while the back shows 250,000 lira, indicating this is a mismatched pair—two different denominations from the same design series. The 50,000 lira (P-204) was introduced in 1989, while the 250,000 lira (P-207) was introduced in 1992. Both feature the same architectural motif (Grand National Assembly building) on the obverse and Atatürk portrait on the reverse, following the standard design pattern of Turkish currency. These notes were withdrawn and demonetized during the 2005 revaluation when the New Turkish Lira (YTL) replaced the old lira at a rate of 1:1,000,000. 207 tr H86 449239 VF Note shows moderate circulation with some soiling and wear, particularly visible on the back. Surface appears intact with no major tears or folds.


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  TB6769628 VF Both notes show signs of circulation with visible creasing and wear. The Turkish note has moderate handling marks and some discoloration. The Pakistani note appears to have light circulation wear.


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  Turkey TRY 20000 E7 Emission Group 1970 Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Başkan: [illegible]; Başkan Yardımcısı: [illegible] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Badshahi Mosque statesman,architecture,religion Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan (built 1671-1673 under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb). One of the largest and most iconic Mughal-era mosques, it represents an architectural tribute within Turkish banknote design. The inscription at top reads 'Devlet-i Pakistan' (State of Pakistan) in Ottoman Turkish script, and the denomination '2 rupees' appears at bottom in Urdu script, indicating this is actually a Pakistani banknote misidentified by the back image. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, military commander who led Turkish independence following WWI, and architect of Turkey's modernization and secularization. The note bears the text 'YİRMİ BİN TÜRK LİRASI' (Twenty Thousand Turkish Lira) and includes the printed date '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' (Issued according to Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970). This is a mismatched pair. The front image shows a Pakistani 2 rupee note featuring Badshahi Mosque with Urdu and Persian script. The back image shows a Turkish 20,000 lira note from the E7 emission group, issued under Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970. The Turkish lira experienced significant inflation through the 1970s-1990s, necessitating high denominations; this note was part of Turkey's seventh emission group. The 20,000 lira denomination was common in circulation until the 2005 currency reform that introduced the New Turkish Lira, redenominating at 1,000,000:1. Atatürk has appeared on virtually all Turkish banknotes since the founding of the Republic. P-191 tr,ur G27 623974 F Visible wear, slight staining on back, minor edge wear


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  Turkey TRL 100000 Sixth Emission Group (L.1970) 1970 Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Başkan (Governor): signature visible; Başkan Yardımcısı (Vice Governor): signature visible Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Modern apartment buildings in urban development area statesman,military,architecture Modern high-rise apartment buildings representing urban development and modernization of Turkey during the late 20th century. This reverse design reflects the economic growth and urban transformation that characterized Turkey's development in this period, showing multi-story residential complexes that became common in Turkish cities. The note bears the text '20000 YIRMI BIN TÜRK LIRASI' (20000 Twenty Thousand Turkish Lira) and features ornate geometric patterns and a tulip motif, a traditional Ottoman and Turkish decorative element. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey, military commander who led the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), and architect of sweeping political, social, and cultural reforms that modernized Turkey into a secular nation-state. Atatürk appears on virtually all Turkish banknotes as a symbol of national identity and the founding principles of the Turkish Republic. The back also features an equestrian statue, likely representing a monument to Turkish military heritage or independence. The date reference '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' refers to Law No. 1211 of 14 January 1970, under which this currency series was issued. This 100,000 Turkish Lira note belongs to the Sixth Emission Group (L.1970 series), issued by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey during a period of severe hyperinflation that required progressively higher denominations. The reference to '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' printed on the note indicates this series was authorized under Law No. 1211 dated 14 January 1970, which established the legal framework for currency issuance. However, notes of this denomination and design were actually printed and circulated in the 1990s, when inflation necessitated such high face values. The old Turkish Lira underwent continuous devaluation throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, culminating in the 2005 currency reform that introduced the New Turkish Lira (Yeni Türk Lirası, YTL) at a rate of 1 YTL = 1,000,000 old TRL, effectively removing six zeros. This note was demonetized on 31 December 2005. The serial number format and design elements are consistent with notes printed in the mid-1990s. The Pick catalog assigns this design as P-206. P-206 tr F03109413 XF Note appears well-preserved with sharp details and minimal handling marks, though some signs of circulation visible.


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  Turkey TRY 100000 Seventh Emission Group 1970 Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Başkan: İsmail Güner; Başkan Yardımcısı: [second signature present] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk statesman,military,commemorative Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1923–1938), shown with a group of children presenting him with flowers. This iconic image symbolizes Atatürk's emphasis on education, youth, and the modernization of Turkish society; he is revered as the father of modern Turkey and appears on virtually all Turkish banknotes. The scene represents his commitment to future generations and the new republic's progressive values. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in formal civilian dress, depicted in right-facing portrait. The date inscription '14 OCAK 1970 TARİH VE 1211 SAYILI KANUNA GÖRE ÇIKARILMIŞTIR' references Law No. 1211 dated January 14, 1970, which authorized the issuance of this currency series. This law governed the issuance of Turkish lira banknotes during the period of the Seventh Emission Group and established the legal framework for high-denomination notes during Turkey's inflationary decades. This 100,000 Turkish lira note belongs to the Seventh Emission Group (1970–1997), issued under Law No. 1211 of January 14, 1970 as printed on the note itself. The note was introduced during a period of chronic inflation in Turkey that necessitated increasingly high denominations throughout the 1970s–1990s. By the 1990s, Turkey experienced hyperinflation that led to six-digit denominations becoming commonplace. The 100,000 lira note was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on December 31, 2005, when Turkey implemented a currency reform that removed six zeros from the lira, replacing 1,000,000 old lira with 1 new Turkish lira (YTL). The Seventh Emission remained legal tender for decades but became obsolete as the Turkish economy stabilized post-2000. Atatürk has been featured on every Turkish banknote series since the founding of the republic, reflecting his enduring status as the nation's founding father. P-206 tr G80331902 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creases, light soiling, and minor edge wear. Colors remain relatively vibrant.


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  Turkey TRY 100000 Lira E9 Series Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk statesman,education Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, depicted presenting flowers to a group of young Turkish women and children. This scene represents Atatürk's modernization reforms and his emphasis on education, women's rights, and youth as the future of the nation. The image symbolizes the cultural and social transformation of Turkey under his leadership from 1923 to 1938. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in profile portrait. Atatürk appears on all Turkish lira banknotes as mandated by Turkish law, reflecting his enduring status as the nation's founding father and his central role in establishing the modern Turkish Republic from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The consistent use of his image across all denominations emphasizes national unity and the values of the republic he created. This note belongs to the E9 series of Turkish lira banknotes issued during a period of high inflation in Turkey. The 100,000 lira denomination was introduced as inflation eroded the purchasing power of the currency. The series circulated from 1970 through the 1980s and into the 1990s as Turkey experienced significant economic challenges. In 2005, Turkey implemented a currency revaluation, removing six zeros from the lira, and this note was demonetized. The old Turkish lira was replaced by the new Turkish lira (Yeni Türk Lirası) at a rate of 1,000,000:1. All Turkish banknotes feature Atatürk as required by law, honoring his legacy as the founder of modern Turkey. The front scene depicting Atatürk with youth and women specifically represents his sweeping social reforms, including women's suffrage (1934), educational modernization, and the adoption of Western legal codes. P-206 tr VF Note shows circulation wear with visible creases and slight soiling; colors remain intact with good detail retention.


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  Turkmenistan TMT 100 Manat series Central Bank of Turkmenistan Aydın Sayılı Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque scientist,architecture,indigenous_culture,religion Aydın Sayılı (1913–1993), Turkish historian of science and mathematician known for his research on the history of Islamic science, particularly astronomy and mathematics. Although born in Istanbul, Sayılı's image appears on this Turkmen banknote celebrating scientific achievement. The note features scientific imagery including an atomic model and DNA double helix, symbolizing Turkmenistan's emphasis on education and scientific progress in the post-Soviet era. Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque in Ashgabat, one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, built in 2004. The mosque features a distinctive golden dome and white minarets, named after the first president of Turkmenistan. Traditional Turkmen carpet patterns (göl motifs) appear at the bottom of the note, representing the nation's renowned carpet-weaving heritage and cultural identity. This note belongs to the second manat series (new manat, TMT) introduced on January 1, 2009, following a redenomination at a rate of 5,000 old manat (TMM) to 1 new manat. The series emphasized Turkmen cultural heritage, Islamic architecture, and scientific achievement as part of nation-building following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The inclusion of Aydın Sayılı, a Turkish scholar, reflects pan-Turkic cultural connections. The denominations in this series range from 1 to 500 manat. The front inscription 'TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYET MERKEZ BANKASI' and '5 TÜRK LİRASI' visible in the image indicate this is actually a Turkish 5 lira note from the 2009 series, not a Turkmen note. The back, however, clearly shows Turkmen text and the 100 manat denomination, creating a mismatched pair. tk,tr F208268537 UNC


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  Uganda Ugandan Shilling 1000 Shillings Bank of Uganda Uganda Kob wildlife, geography Uganda 1000 Shillings featuring an impala (Aepyceros melampus) with the outline map of Uganda showing the Equator line at 0° latitude. The Independence Monument in Kampala is depicted at right - this monument was erected in 1962 to commemorate Uganda's independence from British colonial rule. The coat of arms of Uganda appears at upper left featuring the grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum), Uganda's national bird. British Armed Forces Special Voucher, 6th Series, 50 New Pence denomination. These military payment certificates were issued by Command of the Defence Council for use by British military personnel at NAAFI canteens and other authorized military establishments, primarily in Germany and other overseas postings. The design features elaborate guilloche patterns typical of security printing. These two images represent completely different notes from different countries and issuers. The front image shows a Ugandan 1000 Shillings note from the 2010 series featuring wildlife and national symbols. The back image shows a British Armed Forces Special Voucher (BAF) 6th Series 50 New Pence, issued 1972 following decimalization, printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. BAF vouchers were used to control currency in military zones and prevent black market trading. This is clearly a mismatched pair - these are not the front and back of the same note. P-47 en B/2 204515 UNC Both notes appear to be in uncirculated condition with crisp paper and sharp corners, though they are not matching front/back pairs


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  United Kingdom British Military Authority Pound 50 New Pence British Armed Forces Special Voucher Second Series British Military Authority British Royal coat of arms military British Armed Forces Special Voucher 50 New Pence denomination, issued for use by British military personnel in NAAFI canteens and service establishments. The note prominently displays 'FIFTY' and '50' with '50P' denomination markings in all four corners. The text warns that this note is valid only for transactions with NAAFI organisations at 6.60% of theatre value, cannot be offered to civilians, and that improper use is a disciplinary offence rendering the holder liable to penalties. These vouchers were a form of military scrip introduced after World War II to control currency flow in areas where British forces were stationed. The British Royal coat of arms (lion and unicorn supporters flanking a quartered shield topped with crown) appears at left. The central design displays the denomination 'ONE SHILLING' in decorative lettering within an ornamental frame, with the text 'ISSUED BY THE BRITISH MILITARY AUTHORITY' at top. Serial letter 'D' appears at left and right margins. The voucher system allowed service personnel to purchase goods at military establishments while preventing local currency speculation and black market activity in post-war occupied territories and British military bases worldwide. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV), commonly known as 'BAFVs' or military vouchers, were issued from 1946 to 1972 for use by British military personnel stationed abroad. The Second Series, introduced in the late 1940s, was denominated in both pounds/shillings and decimal new pence during Britain's transition to decimal currency (1968–1971). The '50 New Pence' denomination represents the decimalised equivalent of 10 shillings. These vouchers were valid only at NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) canteens and approved service establishments, operating at a fixed exchange rate (noted as 6.60% of theatre value on this note). The system was designed to prevent currency manipulation in post-war Germany, the Middle East, Far East, and other areas with British military presence. The vouchers were withdrawn in 1972 when the British military voucher system was discontinued. The serial letter 'D' indicates the print series/block. Pick catalogue reference M26 places this in the military issues category. M26 en VG Note shows significant circulation wear with staining, creasing, and paper discoloration. Multiple folds visible. Edges show wear. Overall integrity maintained but heavily circulated.


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  United Kingdom GBP 10 Shillings Britannia Series 1940 Bank of England Chief Cashier: K.O. Peppiatt Bank of England Printing Works Britannia mythology,statesman Ornate geometric guilloché pattern in mauve and cream tones typical of Bank of England wartime issue notes. The reverse design shows through due to the thin paper characteristic of this emergency wartime production period. Britannia, the female personification of Britain, seated with shield, trident and olive branch, representing British naval power and peace. She has been the primary symbol on Bank of England notes since 1694. The denomination 'Ten Shillings' appears prominently in Gothic script, with the promise to pay the bearer on demand. Serial number O25D 054783 visible at top and bottom left. Signed by Kenneth Oswald Peppiatt, Chief Cashier 1934–1949, whose signature appears on notes throughout WWII. This Ten Shilling note was issued during the tenure of Chief Cashier K.O. Peppiatt (1934–1949), placing it firmly in the WWII or immediate post-war period. The Britannia design without a royal portrait was standard for Bank of England notes until 1960. Ten shillings was half a pound and remained a commonly used denomination until decimalization in 1971, when it was replaced by the 50 pence coin. This note shows significant circulation wear consistent with wartime usage. The O25D prefix indicates a later wartime or early post-war printing run. P-366 en O25D 054783 G Heavy circulation wear with multiple folds and creases, paper toning and discoloration, minor edge damage, overall limp paper, some staining visible


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  United Kingdom GBP 10 Shillings Series B Bank of England Chief Cashier: K. O. Peppiatt Bank of England Printing Works Britannia Britannia mythology,statesman Britannia, the female personification of Great Britain, depicted seated with trident and shield in an ornate baroque frame. Britannia has been the enduring symbol of British currency since Roman times, representing British naval power, national identity and imperial strength. The elaborate guilloche patterns and denomination '10/-' appear in green on the mauve-tinted design typical of Bank of England emergency wartime issues. Britannia seated in medallion at left, with the Bank of England promise text 'Promise to pay the Bearer on Demand the sum of Ten Shillings' in ornate script across the center. The note is signed by K. O. Peppiatt as Chief Cashier, issued from London. Serial number R09D 242136 appears at top right and bottom left, with 'R' prefix indicating the replacement note series used by the Bank of England during this period. Bank of England Series B 10 Shilling note, issued during and shortly after World War II (1940–1948). Kenneth Oswald Peppiatt served as Chief Cashier of the Bank of England from 1934 to 1949, signing notes throughout the war period. The 'R' prefix in the serial number (R09D) indicates this is a replacement note, issued to replace defective notes in the printing process—a documented Bank of England practice where 'R' designated replacement notes. These emergency wartime issues featured simplified designs compared to pre-war notes, with mauve/purple color schemes. The 10 Shilling denomination was withdrawn on November 22, 1970, during decimalization, when it was replaced by the 50 New Pence coin. Pick number P-366 corresponds to Peppiatt 10 Shilling notes with this design and signature combination from the 1940s wartime/post-war period. 366 en R09D 242136 VG Heavily circulated with significant soiling, staining, and creasing throughout. Multiple fold lines visible. Paper shows age-related discoloration and wear consistent with wartime/post-war circulation. Some edge tears and small losses visible at corners.


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  United Kingdom British Armed Forces Special Voucher 50 New Pence British Armed Forces Special Vouchers Sixth Series British Armed Forces Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited military British Armed Forces Special Voucher 50 New Pence note from the Sixth Series. These vouchers were scrip currency issued exclusively for use by British military personnel and authorized civilians in NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) canteens and organizations within military establishments. The ornate design features elaborate guilloche patterns and acanthus leaf scrollwork typical of military scrip security printing, with '10/-' denominations displayed in both corners representing the pre-decimal equivalent (ten shillings). The reverse displays the denomination '50' prominently in large green numerals at center, with 'FIFTY NEW PENCE' text in medallions at left and right. The note bears restrictive text stating it is valid only for transactions within official canteens and organizations as laid down in General Routine Orders of the theatre, and warns that improper use constitutes a disciplinary offense with potential penalties. This restriction prevented the vouchers from circulating as regular currency and limited their use to military-controlled facilities. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) were a form of military scrip used by British forces stationed overseas from 1946 to 1988. The Sixth Series was introduced in 1972 following Britain's decimalization of currency in 1971, replacing the previous series denominated in shillings and old pence. These vouchers served multiple purposes: preventing sterling from entering local black markets, protecting service personnel from currency fluctuations, and maintaining economic control in military zones. The system was particularly important in Germany, Cyprus, Hong Kong, and other overseas postings. The denomination '50 New Pence' was equivalent to the pre-decimal ten shillings (10/-), hence the dual notation. De La Rue printed these notes with sophisticated anti-counterfeiting features despite their limited circulation. The BAFSV system was abolished in 1988 as improved banking facilities and credit systems made military scrip obsolete. Pick M49 specifically refers to this Sixth Series 50 New Pence denomination. Dating individual notes precisely is difficult as the series ran for 16 years without date printing, though the design remained consistent throughout. M49 en F Heavily circulated note with significant center fold wear, corner rounding, and general soiling consistent with extensive use in military canteen environments. Surface shows age-related discoloration and staining.


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  United Kingdom New Pence 50 New Pence British Armed Forces Special Voucher Sixth Series British Armed Forces Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co Ltd military British Armed Forces Special Voucher, Sixth Series, issued by Command of the Defence Council for use in military canteens and organizations (NAAFI - Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes). These vouchers were a form of military scrip used by British service personnel stationed abroad or at home to prevent currency issues and to maintain control over military spending. The system replaced earlier British Armed Forces Voucher series and represented a standardized payment method across all branches of the UK armed services during the Cold War period. The note displays the text 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' along the left margin and 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' vertically on both sides. Reverse displays restrictive usage text stating 'THIS NOTE IS VALID ONLY FOR TRANSACTIONS WITHIN OFFICIAL CANTEENS AND ORGANISATIONS LAID DOWN IN G.R.Os. OF THE THEATRE. EXCEPT AS MAY BE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN G.R.Os. IT MUST IN NO CIRCUMSTANCES BE OFFERED TO ANY PERSON WHO IS NOT ENTITLED TO USE BRITISH SERVICE CANTEENS. IMPROPER USE OF THIS NOTE IS A DISCIPLINARY OFFENCE AND MAY RENDER THE OFFENDER LIABLE TO PENALTIES.' This restriction enforced the closed-circulation system whereby service vouchers could not be used in civilian commerce, maintaining separation between military and local economies in overseas postings and preventing black market currency exchange. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) were military payment certificates used by UK service personnel from the 1940s through 1972. The Sixth Series was introduced around 1972 when the UK decimalized its currency (15 February 1971), hence the denomination in 'New Pence' rather than shillings. These vouchers were used in NAAFI facilities and authorized military establishments worldwide. The serial number prefix 'B/T' likely indicates a specific print batch or issuing authority. Printer attribution to Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co Ltd is confirmed by the imprint at bottom center of the obverse. The voucher system was discontinued in 1972 when British forces moved to using local currencies or standardized payment methods. No public serial-year encoding is documented for BAFSV notes; dating relies on series identification and design features. The Sixth Series represents the final issue before the voucher system was abolished. M52 en B/T 371989 XF Note shows light circulation with good centering and color retention. Minor edge wear visible.


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  United Kingdom British Armed Forces Special Voucher 10 New Pence Sixth Series British Armed Forces (Command of the Defence Council) Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. military British Armed Forces Special Voucher, 10 New Pence, Sixth Series. These vouchers were issued by the Command of the Defence Council for use as internal currency within British military establishments and NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) facilities worldwide. The voucher system prevented regular sterling from circulating in overseas bases and allowed military personnel to make purchases in canteens, shops, and recreational facilities. This denomination is marked 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' and 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' with the text 'A USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE' printed vertically along both edges. The reverse features the denomination 'FIVE NEW PENCE' prominently displayed with geometric guilloche patterns and security printing. Fine print at bottom restricts use to 'transactions within official canteens and organizations laid down in orders of the theatre, except as may be expressly authorized in special circumstances' and warns that 'improper use' or 'dishonest exchange' renders 'the offender liable to penalties under service law'. The British Armed Forces Sixth Series vouchers were introduced in 1972 following decimalization of British currency in 1971, replacing the previous Fifth Series denominated in old pence and shillings. These special vouchers (also called BAFVs or 'Naffy money') served as a parallel currency system for British military personnel stationed overseas, particularly in Germany (BAOR - British Army of the Rhine), Cyprus, Hong Kong, and other garrison locations. The system prevented currency speculation, controlled foreign exchange exposure, and maintained discipline in military economies. The Sixth Series circulated from 1972 until 1988, when the voucher system was gradually phased out as electronic payment systems and ATMs became widespread in military facilities. Bradbury Wilkinson & Co., the noted British security printer, produced these notes with sophisticated anti-counterfeiting features. The serial number A/2 216882 indicates this is from an early print run. No printed issue year appears on the note itself; dating is inferred from the series designation and documented circulation period. M49 en A/2 216882 XF Note shows light circulation with minor handling, good centering, strong colors retained


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  United Kingdom British Armed Forces Special Voucher 5 New Pence / 1 Pound 6th Series British Armed Forces Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom military British Armed Forces Special Voucher 6th Series, 5 New Pence denomination. This note is part of the dual-denomination system used by British military personnel and their families stationed overseas, where the front displays 5 New Pence and the reverse displays the equivalent value of One Pound in local purchasing power. The 6th Series was issued by command of the Defence Council (later Army Council notation on reverse) and circulated in NAAFI stores and military facilities from 1972 to 1988, bridging the UK's decimalization period. Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, the official coat of arms of the British monarch, featuring the quartered shield with the three lions of England, lion rampant of Scotland, and harp of Ireland, supported by the crowned lion of England and unicorn of Scotland. The reverse displays 'ONE POUND' denomination with 'SPECIAL VOUCHER' designation and the instruction 'FOR USE ONLY AS DETAILED ON THE REVERSE', along with serial number AA 1/10 136928. Printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, London, as noted at bottom. The British Armed Forces Special Vouchers (BAFSV) 6th Series was introduced in 1972 following UK decimalization and remained in use until 1988. These vouchers were a form of military scrip used by British service personnel and their dependents at NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) facilities worldwide to prevent currency speculation and black market activities in areas where British forces were stationed. The dual-denomination system (New Pence on front, Pound on back) reflected both the domestic UK decimal currency and the purchasing power equivalence in overseas locations. The front inscription changed from 'Defence Council' to 'Army Council' during the series run. Serial number format 'AA 1/10 136928' indicates series AA with fractional notation 1/10. The 6th Series was eventually phased out in favour of direct sterling usage as exchange controls relaxed. Pick number M48 catalogues this specific denomination pairing. M48 en AA 1/10 136928 XF Note appears in extremely fine condition with original colors intact, minimal handling wear, and sharp details throughout.


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  United Kingdom GBP 1 Series D Bank of England Chief Cashier: D. H. F. Somerset Bank of England Printing Works Queen Elizabeth II Royal coat of arms and floral emblems of the United Kingdom monarch Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926, reigned 1952–2022), the longest-reigning British monarch. This portrait by Reynolds Stone was used on Bank of England Series D notes from 1970 to 1991. The front bears the inscription 'THIS NOTE IS VALID ONLY FOR TRANSACTIONS WITHIN OFFICIAL CANTEENS AND ORGANISATIONS LAID DOWN IN C.R.O.S. OF THE THEATRE' - indicating this is a British Armed Forces Special Voucher (BAFSV), a form of military scrip used in designated military facilities rather than a standard legal tender note. These vouchers were issued to prevent misuse of British currency in certain overseas military contexts. The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom surrounded by floral emblems representing the constituent nations: the Tudor rose (England), thistle (Scotland), shamrock (Northern Ireland), and leek (Wales). The imagery symbolizes the unity of the United Kingdom under the Crown. The design features ornate guilloché patterns and microprinting for security. Bank of England Series D was issued from 1970 to 1991, designed by Harry Eccleston with a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Reynolds Stone. This particular note is a British Armed Forces Special Voucher (BAFSV) variant of the standard £1 note, identifiable by the restriction text on the front limiting use to official military canteens and NAAFI (Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes) facilities. The signature of D. H. F. Somerset places this note between 1980 and 1988 (Somerset served as Chief Cashier 1980–1988). BAFSV notes were withdrawn alongside the standard £1 notes in 1988 when the £1 coin was introduced. These military vouchers are scarcer than standard circulation notes but were produced in sufficient quantities to remain accessible to collectors. 377a en CN17 544598 AU Note appears to be in About Uncirculated condition with minimal handling, sharp corners, and good centering. Minor signs of use but no significant creases or soil.


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  United Kingdom GBP 1 Series D Bank of England Chief Cashier: K O Peppiatt Bank of England Printing Works Sir Isaac Newton Britannia scientist,mythology Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and natural philosopher, widely recognised as one of history's most influential scientists. He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, made groundbreaking contributions to optics, and co-developed calculus. The note depicts Newton with astronomical diagrams and the solar system, referencing his Principia Mathematica and his work at the Royal Mint. He was the first scientist to appear on a Bank of England note, chosen to represent British achievement in science. Britannia, the classical female personification of Great Britain, seated with trident and shield bearing the Union Flag. She has been a symbol of British identity and naval power since Roman times and appears on British coinage and currency as an enduring national emblem. The traditional Bank of England promise text appears: 'Promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of One Pound'. Series D Bank of England notes, issued 1970–1991, marked a major redesign introducing historical figures to the front of notes for the first time. The £1 note featuring Isaac Newton was introduced on 9 February 1978, replacing the earlier Series C £1 note. This particular example with serial prefix 'A63H' dates from the later production runs of the series. The £1 note was withdrawn from circulation on 11 March 1988 when it was replaced by the £1 coin. Series D was the last generation to include a £1 banknote; all subsequent series have featured only higher denominations. Printed by the Bank of England's own printing works using intaglio and letterpress techniques with security thread and watermark. The Newton design celebrated British scientific achievement and remains one of the most recognisable British banknotes of the late 20th century. 377a en A63H 774713 VF Circulated note with visible wear, some staining and discoloration on back, minor edge handling. Corners show wear consistent with circulation.


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  Ukraine Karbovanets 5000 Karbovanets series 1995 National Bank of Ukraine Berestechko Monument statesman,military,indigenous_culture,commemorative The Berestechko Monument depicting three Ukrainian Cossack figures standing together holding a flag on an ornate boat-like vessel. This monument commemorates the Battle of Berestechko (1651), one of the largest land battles of the 17th century fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The front features elaborate baroque-style ornamental borders with medallions showing St. George slaying the dragon, a traditional symbol associated with both Kyivan Rus and Cossack imagery. The Verkhovna Rada building (Supreme Council of Ukraine) in Kyiv, the seat of the Ukrainian parliament. Originally constructed as the Communist Party headquarters during the Soviet era, the building became the home of Ukraine's independent parliament after 1991. The neoclassical structure with its colonnade is depicted across the top of the note in brown ink, framed by decorative borders. The back also shows the tryzub (trident) coat of arms of Ukraine and the denomination of 5000 karbovantsiv. This 5000 karbovanets note was issued by the National Bank of Ukraine in 1995 during the hyperinflationary period following Ukrainian independence in 1991. The karbovanets (also called kupon or coupon) was introduced in 1992 as a transitional currency to replace the Soviet ruble, but suffered severe devaluation through the mid-1990s. The series 1992–1996 saw denominations rise from 1 to 1,000,000 karbovantsiv as hyperinflation peaked. This note was demonetized on September 16, 1996 when Ukraine introduced the hryvnia at a conversion rate of 100,000 karbovantsiv = 1 hryvnia. The imagery reflects newly independent Ukraine's emphasis on Cossack heritage and national symbols. The date 1995 is clearly printed at the bottom of the reverse. P-93 uk ПГ4822404 VF Note shows circulation wear with visible creasing and some soiling, but remains intact with clear details


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  Ukraine UAH 5000 Karbovantsiv Karbovanets series 1993 National Bank of Ukraine Governor: Viktor Yushchenko Volodymyr the Great statesman,monarch,religion,architecture Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, built 1037 by Yaroslav the Wise as the main cathedral of Kievan Rus'. The cathedral, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, represents the height of Byzantine-Slavic ecclesiastical architecture with its distinctive golden domes and baroque bell tower. The cathedral was a major religious, political, and cultural center of the medieval Kyivan state and remains one of Ukraine's most significant architectural monuments. Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted Kievan Rus' to Orthodox Christianity in 988, establishing the foundation of Eastern Slavic Christian civilization. His baptism of Rus' is considered one of the most significant events in Ukrainian and Eastern European history; he is venerated as a saint in Orthodox Christianity and is depicted wearing a princely helmet and traditional Rus' attire. The inscription 'ВОЛОДИМИР ВЕЛИКИЙ' (Volodymyr the Great) appears at the bottom right. Karbovanets series, 1992–1996, issued during Ukraine's period of hyperinflation following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The karbovanets (also known as kupon or coupon-karbovanets) served as temporary currency during the economic transition period, experiencing massive devaluation. The 5000 karbovantsiv note was issued in 1993 signed by Viktor Yushchenko (who served as Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine 1993–1999 and later became President of Ukraine). This design features national historical and religious symbols emphasizing Ukrainian identity and state-building: Saint Sophia Cathedral represents medieval Kyivan glory, while Volodymyr the Great symbolizes the founding of the Ukrainian Orthodox tradition. The entire karbovanets series was withdrawn and replaced by the hryvnia on September 2–16, 1996 at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsiv = 1 hryvnia. The series is well-documented in Pick catalogue as P-85 through P-95. P-93 uk UNC Uncirculated specimen note, no visible wear or handling marks


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  Ukraine UAH 1 Hryvnia series 2014 2014 National Bank of Ukraine Governor: Stepan Kubiv Prince Volodymyr the Great Prince Volodymyr the Great monarch,statesman,religion,architecture The city of Volodymyr (modern Volodymyr-Volynskyi), medieval capital of the Principality of Volhynia, with the Assumption Cathedral visible in the architectural scene. The city was named after Prince Volodymyr the Great and served as a major center of Kievan Rus' in the 10th–13th centuries. The fortress walls and Orthodox church architecture represent the cultural and religious heritage of early Ukrainian statehood. A falcon, symbol of Ukrainian nobility and the Rurik dynasty, appears as a decorative element with heraldic significance. Prince Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv who ruled from 980 to 1015 and is credited with the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in 988. His baptism and subsequent conversion of his realm to Byzantine Christianity established the foundation of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus. He is venerated as Saint Volodymyr in the Orthodox Church and is considered one of the founding figures of Ukrainian national identity and statehood. This 1 hryvnia note belongs to the 2014 series issued by the National Bank of Ukraine, representing a redesign of the hryvnia currency that was introduced in 1996 to replace the hyperinflation-era karbovanets. The 2014 series features enhanced security features including improved threads, microprinting, and optically variable elements. Prince Volodymyr has appeared on Ukrainian 1 hryvnia notes since the currency's introduction, symbolizing the historical continuity of Ukrainian statehood from Kievan Rus'. The note was designed by Vasyl Lopata and entered circulation in 2014 during a period of significant political and economic transition in Ukraine. The hryvnia remains the legal tender of Ukraine. 116 uk ИИ1699351 XF Note shows moderate circulation with visible handling marks, some soiling, and minor creasing. Colors remain vibrant with good detail retention.


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  Ukraine UAH 2 Third hryvnia series 2005 National Bank of Ukraine Governor: Volodymyr Stelmakh Volodymyr the Great Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv statesman,monarch,religion,architecture Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, built 1037 under Volodymyr's son Yaroslav the Wise, depicted with its characteristic golden domes and bell tower. The cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Ukraine's most significant architectural and religious monuments, symbolizing the Christianization of Kievan Rus' and the country's Byzantine heritage. The note also features a bandura (Ukrainian folk instrument) and inkwell with quill, representing Ukrainian culture and learning. Volodymyr the Great (c. 958–1015), Grand Prince of Kyiv from 980 to 1015, who Christianized Kievan Rus' in 988 by adopting Byzantine Orthodox Christianity. This pivotal event shaped the religious and cultural identity of Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus for centuries. He is venerated as Saint Volodymyr-Equal-to-the-Apostles in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is considered the founder of the Ukrainian state tradition. This note belongs to the third series of Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes issued in 2005, featuring a comprehensive redesign with enhanced security features. The 2 hryvnia denomination was introduced in the 2005 series redesign. Volodymyr the Great has appeared on the 1 hryvnia note since the currency's introduction in 1996, but this 2 hryvnia note pairs him with Saint Sophia Cathedral to emphasize the theme of Christianization and cultural heritage. The signature is that of Volodymyr Stelmakh, who served as Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine from 2004 to 2010. The serial number БГ9493667 indicates a 2005 or later printing within this series. The hryvnia was introduced in 1996, replacing the temporary karbovanets at a rate of 1 hryvnia = 100,000 karbovantsiv, following Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and subsequent hyperinflation. 117b uk БГ9493667 UNC Note appears crisp with sharp corners and no visible circulation wear


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  Ukraine UAH 1 2006 National Bank of Ukraine Prince Volodymyr the Great monument in Kyiv statesman,architecture,religion,commemorative Prince Volodymyr the Great monument (Volodymyr's Hill) in Kyiv, erected 1853, depicting the medieval ruler who Christianized Kievan Rus' in 988 CE. The monument shows Prince Volodymyr holding a cross, standing atop a pedestal overlooking the Dnieper River. The inscription 'ГРАД ВОЛОДИМИРА У КИЄВІ' (City of Volodymyr in Kyiv) appears at the bottom of the vignette. The design features ornamental scrollwork incorporating the trident (tryzub) state emblem and a stylized falcon or bird of prey. This appears to be a mismatched pair — the back shows a Uruguayan 50 Nuevos Pesos note featuring José Gervasio Artigas (1764–1850), national hero of Uruguay, military leader of the independence movement, and advocate of federalism and popular sovereignty. The Uruguayan coat of arms appears at center left, with 'BANCO CENTRAL DEL URUGUAY' and denomination inscriptions. The signature titles read 'Gerente General' and 'Secretario General' with 'Presidente' below. This 1 hryvnia note from 2006 belongs to the second generation of Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes issued after the currency's introduction in 1996, replacing the karbovanets during post-Soviet monetary reform. The front depicts the Monument to Prince Volodymyr, a landmark of Kyiv erected in 1853 during the Russian Empire to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. The 1 hryvnia denomination remained in circulation until October 2018, when Ukraine began phasing out the smallest banknote denomination in favor of coins. NOTE: The back image provided shows a Uruguayan banknote (50 Nuevos Pesos featuring Artigas), NOT the reverse of the Ukrainian 1 hryvnia note. The actual reverse of the Ukrainian 1 hryvnia typically features the building of the National Bank of Ukraine or another architectural motif. This catalogue entry reflects the mismatched pair. 116 uk ВГ6841981 VF Note shows signs of circulation with visible handling marks but retains good detail


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  Uruguay Nuevo Peso 50 Nuevos Pesos / 5 Cents Series 481 Banco Central del Uruguay Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited Military Payment Certificate iconography architecture The Banco Central del Uruguay building in Montevideo, a neoclassical structure with prominent columned facade. The building serves as the headquarters of Uruguay's central bank, established in 1967. The architectural rendering shows the two-story structure with ground-floor colonnade and upper-level balconied windows, representative of early 20th-century institutional architecture in the capital. United States Military Payment Certificate (MPC) Series 481, denomination five cents. MPCs were special currency issued by the U.S. Department of Defense for use by military personnel in foreign countries, designed to prevent black market currency speculation and maintain separation between military and local economies. Series 481 was one of many MPC series issued during the Cold War era, intended for use only in U.S. military establishments by authorized personnel in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. This note presents a highly unusual pairing: the front appears to be a Uruguayan 50 nuevos pesos note issued by the Banco Central del Uruguay (printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited as indicated), while the back is clearly a United States Military Payment Certificate (MPC) Series 481, five cents denomination. The Uruguayan nuevo peso was introduced in 1975, replacing the previous peso at 1000:1 during a period of severe inflation. MPCs were used by U.S. military forces from 1946 to 1973 in various overseas locations. The juxtaposition of these two completely unrelated monetary instruments—one a sovereign central bank note, the other a military scrip—is extraordinarily anomalous. This could represent: (1) a novelty/educational piece combining unrelated designs, (2) a proof or specimen pairing error, (3) a fantasy note, or (4) deliberately mismatched images. No known legitimate banknote combines a Uruguayan central bank obverse with a U.S. MPC reverse. The authenticity and provenance of this item are highly questionable as a circulating note. es,en D07859995D VF Note shows circulation wear, some staining visible on back, overall structural integrity intact


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  United States USD 5 cents Military Payment Certificate Series 541 Series 541 United States Department of Defense Bureau of Engraving and Printing Female allegorical figure representing Liberty military,allegory The Great Seal of the United States featuring the bald eagle with shield, olive branch, and arrows, with the motto 'E PLURIBUS UNUM' above. The Great Seal has been the official emblem of the United States since 1782, representing sovereignty and authority. This note is a Military Payment Certificate (MPC) issued for use only in United States military establishments by authorized personnel, as part of a system designed to prevent black market currency exchange and stabilize economies in occupied or allied territories during the Cold War era. Female allegorical figure representing Liberty, depicted in classical style with curled hair and laurel wreath. The reverse also features ornamental scrollwork and the serial number. MPCs were printed in distinctive colors and designs that changed periodically without warning (conversion days) to prevent hoarding and black market activity. Series 541 was used primarily in regions including Europe and the Far East between 1954 and 1958. Military Payment Certificates (MPCs) were special currency issued by the United States military for use by U.S. armed forces personnel in foreign countries. Series 541 was the first MPC series issued after the Korean War, circulating from 1954 to 1958 in military installations across Europe, the Far East, and other regions. The MPC system began in 1946 and continued until 1973, with periodic unannounced conversions to new series to combat black market currency trafficking. All MPCs were eventually demonetized on March 15, 1973, when the program was discontinued. These notes were printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and featured distinctive rainbow-like color palettes (pink, green, yellow) and allegorical designs rather than portraits of historical figures. The serial format typically included a series number followed by block letters. Series 541 is considered scarce in collector markets, particularly in higher grades, as military personnel were required to convert or turn in notes during series changes. M29 en 51351063 1F F Significant circulation wear, staining, and soiling visible; multiple creases and handling marks; paper intact but aged with discoloration.


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  United States Military Payment Certificate (MPC) 5 cents Series 472 United States Department of Defense Bureau of Engraving and Printing Allegorical female figure (Liberty) Office of Price Administration ration coupon design military,commemorative Allegorical female figure representing Liberty, a classical motif used on U.S. military payment certificates. The design features ornate scrollwork and the text 'MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE' with denomination '5 CENTS' prominently displayed. The note states 'FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS — BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS.' Military Payment Certificates were special currency issued to U.S. military personnel in foreign countries to prevent black market trafficking of U.S. dollars and to control currency exchange in occupied territories and military bases. The reverse features an overprint reading 'UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION / RATION COUPON / FOR TWENTY POINTS / PROCESSED FOODS' with 'OPA Form R-1325' and 'GPO 16-34717-1' reference numbers. This represents a World War II-era ration coupon design incorporated into the MPC backing, referencing the wartime rationing system administered by the Office of Price Administration (1942–1947). The OPA managed civilian rationing of food and consumer goods during WWII, and processed foods required point-based ration stamps for purchase. This is a Series 472 Military Payment Certificate (MPC), issued from 1951 to 1954 for use by U.S. military personnel in post-WWII occupied territories and military installations overseas. MPCs were designed to prevent black market currency trading and control monetary circulation in military zones. Series 472 was the first MPC series issued after World War II ended, reflecting the ongoing U.S. military presence in occupied Japan, Germany, and Korea during the early Cold War period. The unusual reverse featuring an OPA ration coupon design is a distinctive characteristic of early MPC series, repurposing wartime administrative forms. MPCs were periodically recalled and replaced without warning (called 'C-Day' or 'Conversion Day') to prevent hoarding and black market abuse. Series 472 was replaced by Series 481 in 1954. The note is printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The 5-cent denomination represents the smallest value in this series. M8 en F Heavily circulated with significant wear, creasing, and edge damage. Discoloration and staining visible throughout. Design remains legible.


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  Uzbekistan UZS 5 First Som Series 1994 Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan State Emblem of Uzbekistan statesman,architecture The front of this note features traditional Islamic geometric patterns and ornamental designs typical of Uzbek decorative arts. The design incorporates the ration coupon format used during the transition from Soviet currency to the independent Uzbek som, reflecting the economic challenges of the newly independent nation. The State Emblem of Uzbekistan at left, featuring the mythical Huma bird with outstretched wings, symbolizing happiness and freedom. The emblem includes cotton plants and wheat sheaves representing the nation's agricultural base, with a rising sun over mountains and the word 'O'ZBEKISTON' in the center. The large ornate numeral '5' at right indicates the denomination. Text in Uzbek Cyrillic script states the legal tender clause. This 5 som note belongs to the first series of Uzbekistan's national currency, introduced on July 1, 1994, replacing the transitional som-coupons that had been used since late 1993. The Central Bank of Uzbekistan issued this series shortly after independence from the Soviet Union (1991). The design reflects the nation's Islamic heritage and newly established state symbols. These small denominations were eventually phased out due to inflation, with Uzbekistan undergoing significant monetary reforms in subsequent years. P-75 uz UE1919615 UNC Crisp and uncirculated with sharp corners and no folds visible


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  Uzbekistan UZS 100 First national currency series 1994 Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan State Emblem of Uzbekistan architecture,statesman Amir Timur Museum in Tashkent, a neoclassical building completed in 2006 but depicted here is likely an earlier government building or palace from the Soviet or early independence era. The structure features three arched entrances with ornate detailing, surrounded by landscaped gardens with trees and a fountain. The Uzbek text at bottom reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН СУМИНИ ҚАЛБАКИЛАШТИРИШ / ҚОНУНАН ТАЪҚИБ ҚИЛИНАДИ' (Counterfeiting the Uzbekistan sum is punishable by law). This note belongs to the first series of Uzbekistani sum issued after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. State Emblem of Uzbekistan at center, featuring the Huma bird with outstretched wings, a rising sun over mountains, cotton and wheat sheaves representing the nation's agriculture, and a blue-white-green ribbon. The emblem is surrounded by ornamental borders in traditional Uzbek style. The serial number EA2531816 appears twice on the back, with the year 1994 printed at lower right. Text reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МАРКАЗИЙ БАНКИ' (Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and '100 ЮЗ СЎМ' (100 sum). The lower inscription states legal tender status. This 100 sum note is from Uzbekistan's first national currency series, issued in 1994 following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The sum-coupon was introduced in 1993 as a transitional currency, replaced by the sum in 1994. This series circulated during a period of severe hyperinflation in the mid-1990s and was withdrawn when the currency was redenominated in 1997 at a rate of 1 new sum = 1,000 old sum. The front depicts a neoclassical building with gardens, while the reverse prominently features the newly adopted State Emblem of independent Uzbekistan. The printed year 1994 on the reverse confirms the issue date. Pick catalog reference P-79. P-79 uz EA2531816 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp edges and no visible folds or wear


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  Uzbekistan UZS 100 1994 Issue 1997 Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan State Emblem of Uzbekistan architecture,statesman,independence The Oliy Majlis (Supreme Assembly) building in Tashkent, the seat of the bicameral parliament of Uzbekistan. Constructed in Soviet-era modernist style, it serves as the legislative branch of the Republic of Uzbekistan following independence in 1991. The building is depicted with its characteristic horizontal lines and ceremonial approach with fountains and gardens. The denomination appears as 'ЮЗ СЎМ' (100 Som) in Uzbek Cyrillic script. The State Emblem of Uzbekistan, adopted in 1992 following independence from the Soviet Union. The emblem features the legendary Huma bird (a symbol of happiness and freedom) with outstretched wings above a rising sun over mountains, with cotton and wheat flanking the central design representing the country's principal agricultural products. The emblem is surrounded by decorative Islamic geometric patterns and ornamental borders. The year 1997 appears at the top right, and the serial number CA0135316 is printed on the right side. This 100 Som note belongs to the 1994 Issue series of independent Uzbekistan, first introduced in 1994 to replace the Soviet ruble following independence in 1991. This specific note is dated 1997, representing a later printing run within the series. The design reflects Uzbekistan's new national identity with the Supreme Assembly building symbolizing the democratic legislative institutions and the state emblem incorporating traditional Islamic Central Asian motifs combined with Soviet-era agricultural symbolism. The note was printed with Cyrillic script as Uzbekistan was transitioning its writing system. This series was withdrawn around 2000 when higher denominations became necessary due to inflation, and the currency underwent redenomination in the following years. The serial number format 'CA0135316' follows the standard prefix-digit pattern used by the Central Bank during this period. 79 uz CA0135316 UNC


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  Uzbekistan UZS 200 Second som series 1997 Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan State Emblem of Uzbekistan mythology,indigenous_culture A mythological tiger (Bukhara tiger motif) rendered in traditional Uzbek decorative style against an ornamental background featuring Islamic geometric patterns and tilework designs. The tiger, a symbol deeply embedded in Central Asian mythology and art, appears in profile with stylized sun rays above its head. The denomination '200 СЎМ' (200 som) appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The inscription at bottom reads 'Ўзбекистон сўмини қалбакилаштириш қонунга мувофиқ таъқиб қилинади' (counterfeiting Uzbekistan som is prosecuted according to law). The State Emblem of Uzbekistan (1992–present) at center left, featuring the Humo bird (a phoenix-like mythical bird symbolizing happiness and freedom) with outstretched wings, rising sun over mountains, cotton and wheat, surrounded by a wreath. The emblem is overlaid on intricate geometric and floral patterns typical of Timurid-era Islamic art. The denomination appears prominently, with the printed year '1997' in the upper right corner. Serial number XX0429758 appears twice. The text at top reads 'ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МАРКАЗИЙ БАНКИ' (Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan). This 200 som note belongs to the second series of Uzbekistan som banknotes issued in 1997 following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The som replaced the Soviet ruble in 1994, and this series represents the stabilization period after initial post-independence currency volatility. The design incorporates traditional Uzbek and Central Asian artistic motifs including geometric Islamic patterns inspired by the architectural heritage of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva. The tiger imagery reflects the historical Bukhara tiger (Panthera tigris virgata), which was native to Central Asia until its extinction in the 1970s, and remains a powerful symbol in Uzbek cultural identity. This series was withdrawn in 2000 when a new redesigned series was introduced. The serial number prefix 'XX' may indicate a specific print run, though no documented replacement-note system is publicly known for this issuer. 79 uz XX0429758 XF Note shows light handling and minor circulation wear but retains strong detail and original crispness.


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  Uzbekistan UZS 200 so'm First series Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan Snow leopard with traditional Central Asian motifs Hồ Chí Minh wildlife,indigenous_culture The Uzbek snow leopard (Panthera uncia), an endangered species native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia including the Tian Shan and Pamir ranges of Uzbekistan. The snow leopard is depicted with a smiling anthropomorphic sun motif, combining traditional Islamic decorative patterns with Central Asian folk art themes. This design represents Uzbekistan's cultural heritage and natural biodiversity following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The denomination 200 so'm appears with ornamental borders typical of Uzbek architectural tilework and carpet designs. Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader who served as President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death. He led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, proclaimed Vietnam's independence from France in 1945, and is regarded as the founding father of modern Vietnam. The inscription 'CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM' (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) appears at top, with denomination 1000 đồng and the text 'MỘT NGHÌN ĐỒNG' (one thousand dong). Dated 1988. This is a mismatched pair of banknotes: the front belongs to a 200 so'm note from Uzbekistan (first series following independence, issued 1994–1997), while the back is from a Vietnamese 1000 đồng note dated 1988. The Uzbek first series was replaced in 1997 by a new currency due to hyperinflation. The Vietnamese note is from the đồng series issued following economic reforms. These are unrelated notes from different countries and cannot form a legitimate catalogue entry. No accurate Pick number, serial analysis, or unified historical context can be provided for this combination. P-72 uz,vi CQ 2560908 VF Light handling wear visible; central folds present


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  Vietnam VND 1000 Dong 1988 Issue 1988 State Bank of Vietnam State emblem of Vietnam agriculture,industry Agricultural and industrial scene depicting textile workers operating a loom, representing Vietnam's economic development during the socialist period. The scene shows workers engaged in fabric production, symbolizing the country's emphasis on both agricultural output and light industrial manufacturing in the post-war reconstruction era. The State emblem of Vietnam (coat of arms) at left, featuring a circular design with a gold star centered above a cogwheel and rice stalks, symbolizing the unity of workers and peasants under Communist Party leadership. The emblem was adopted by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976 following reunification. This 1000 dong note belongs to the 1988 issue series of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, printed during a period of severe hyperinflation. The State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) issued this series as the country struggled with economic instability in the late 1980s. The note shows a denominated value split between the front (1000 dong - 'một nghìn đồng') and back (100 dong overprint - 'một trăm đồng'), a feature of this transitional period. This series was demonetized in 1991 when Vietnam implemented major currency reforms and redenomination, replacing these notes at a rate of 10 old dong to 1 new dong as part of doi moi (renovation) economic reforms. The serial number format 'DI 240264/3' follows the standard Vietnamese pattern of the era with prefix letters and sequential numbering. 96a vi DI 240264/3 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible folds and handling marks but remains intact with clear printing and legible details.


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  Vietnam VND 100 Dong (front) / 2000 Dong (back) State Bank of Vietnam Hồ Chí Minh One Pillar Pagoda statesman,architecture,indigenous_culture The One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột) in Hanoi, one of Vietnam's most iconic Buddhist temples. Originally built in 1049 during the Lý Dynasty by Emperor Lý Thái Tông, it was designed to resemble a lotus blossom rising from the water. The structure was destroyed by French forces in 1954 and rebuilt by the North Vietnamese government, and it remains a symbol of Vietnamese cultural heritage and resilience. Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader, communist politician, and founding father of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He served as Prime Minister (1945–1955) and President (1945–1969) of North Vietnam and led the Việt Minh independence movement. His image has appeared on virtually all Vietnamese banknotes since reunification in 1976, making him the most honoured figure in Vietnamese currency. This presents a significant cataloguing challenge: the front displays '100 ĐỒNG' with 'MỘT TRĂM ĐỒNG' (one hundred dong) and the One Pillar Pagoda, while the back displays '2000' with 'HAI NGHÌN ĐỒNG' (two thousand dong) and Hồ Chí Minh's portrait. This mismatch indicates either: (1) a mismatched pair where two different notes have been photographed together, (2) a composite/fantasy note, or (3) an error note. Legitimate Vietnamese banknote series do not feature different denominations on front versus back. The State Bank of Vietnam has issued numerous series since the 1980s featuring Hồ Chí Minh on the obverse with various cultural and economic scenes on the reverse, but with matching denominations. Serial number 'AK 8024531' visible on the back. Without being able to verify this as a legitimate issue, Pick number assignment would be speculative. vi AK 8024531 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creasing and edge wear. Paper remains intact with no tears visible.


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  Vietnam VND 5000 1991 series 1991 State Bank of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Textile factory workers statesman,industry Textile factory workers operating industrial looms in a modern manufacturing facility. The scene depicts Vietnam's industrialization efforts in the post-reunification era, showing the textile industry which became a major economic sector. The workers are shown at power looms, representing the transition from agricultural to industrial economy that characterized Vietnam's economic reforms (Đổi Mới) beginning in 1986. Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), founding father of modern Vietnam, revolutionary leader, and first President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death. He led the Viet Minh independence movement and is revered as the principal architect of Vietnamese independence from French colonial rule and reunification. His portrait has appeared on Vietnamese currency since 1946 and remains the primary motif on all modern Vietnamese đồng banknotes. This note belongs to the 1991 series issued by the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) following Vietnam's economic reforms. The 1991 series was printed with the year '1991' clearly visible on the reverse. This series circulated during a period of significant economic transition as Vietnam opened to market reforms while maintaining socialist political structure. The 5,000 đồng denomination was a mid-range note during this period of relatively high inflation. The series was gradually replaced beginning in 2003 with the introduction of polymer notes featuring updated designs and enhanced security features. These paper notes were withdrawn from circulation as the newer polymer series was rolled out through the 2000s. P-102 vi XO 0302022 XF Light center fold visible, minor edge wear, generally well-preserved


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  Vietnam VND 5000 Dong (front) / 2000 Dong (back) Cotton fiber series State Bank of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Industrial hydroelectric facility statesman,industry,infrastructure Industrial hydroelectric facility with dam, power transmission towers, and construction cranes. This scene represents Vietnam's post-reunification industrialization and infrastructure development efforts, particularly the expansion of electrical power generation capacity in the 1980s. The denomination shown is 5000 Dong with the text 'NAM NGHIN DONG' (five thousand dong) partially visible beneath the holder's fingers. Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader and founding president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He led the Viet Minh independence movement against French colonial rule and later guided North Vietnam during the Vietnam War; he is the most frequently depicted figure on Vietnamese currency and is regarded as the father of modern Vietnam. The denomination on this side is 2000 Dong (HAI NGHIN DONG), and the national emblem of Vietnam appears at left. This note exhibits a denomination mismatch between front (5000 Dong) and back (2000 Dong), which is highly unusual and indicates either a mismatched pair of notes from different denominations or a significant printing error. The front matches the 1987–1991 cotton-fiber series 5000 Dong notes which featured industrial themes emphasizing socialist economic development. The back matches the 2000 Dong denomination from the same series. Both denominations were demonetized during the 1985–1991 currency reforms as Vietnam transitioned from the old dong to the new dong, combating hyperinflation that had devastated the currency. The serial number 'GM 1267081' is visible on the back. Without being able to examine both notes separately, it is impossible to determine which denomination this actually represents, though the physical mismatch strongly suggests these are two different notes photographed together rather than a single genuine banknote. vi GM 1267081 VF Note shows circulation wear, moderate handling, some soiling. Edges appear intact.


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  Vietnam VND 2000 Dong (front) / 500 Dong (back) State Bank of Vietnam Cargo port with loading cranes and vessels industry,transport,agriculture Textile factory interior scene showing industrial textile production with workers operating spinning machinery and fabric manufacturing equipment. This represents Vietnam's post-reunification emphasis on industrial development and socialist economic reconstruction during the 1980s, depicting the nation's textile industry as a key sector of the command economy. Cargo port with loading cranes and vessels at dock, representing Vietnam's maritime trade infrastructure. The scene depicts industrial port facilities with modern cranes loading or unloading cargo ships, symbolizing the country's efforts to develop international trade capacity and modernize transportation infrastructure during the post-war reconstruction period. This note presents a denomination mismatch: the front displays '2000 HAI NGHIN DONG' while the back shows '500 NĂM TRĂM DONG', indicating these are likely two separate notes photographed together or a mismatched pair. The design belongs to Vietnam's 1985-1991 banknote series issued by the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam) during the socialist period before the đổi mới economic reforms took full effect. These notes featured socialist themes emphasizing industrial and agricultural production. The series was eventually withdrawn as Vietnam moved toward a market economy and issued new currency designs in the 1990s. The brown and beige color scheme with light blue accents is characteristic of Vietnamese notes from this era. Without visible serial numbers, signatures, or printed dates, precise attribution to specific Pick numbers requires further verification. The textile industry and port infrastructure themes reflect the government's focus on building productive capacity in the post-reunification economy. vi VF Note appears circulated with visible signs of handling but retains good detail


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  Vietnam VND 500 Dong (front) / 200 Dong (back) Third Liberation series State Bank of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh statesman,commemorative Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969), Vietnamese revolutionary leader, president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death, and founding father of modern Vietnam. He led the Vietnamese independence movement against French colonial rule and the subsequent reunification struggle; he remains the most revered figure in Vietnamese history and appears on all Vietnamese banknotes since independence. The note displays the national emblem of Vietnam (coat of arms with star, rice, and cogwheel) at left, lotus flowers, and ornate traditional Vietnamese decorative motifs throughout. Ho Chi Minh portrait repeated on the reverse, with the national emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at center left. The inscription 'HAI TRAM DONG' (200 Dong) appears prominently, with date '1987' at lower left corner. Traditional Vietnamese decorative patterns and geometric designs frame the composition. This note exhibits a denomination mismatch between front (500 Dong) and back (200 Dong), strongly suggesting these are images of two different notes rather than the front and back of the same note. Both belong to the third 'Liberation' series of Vietnamese dong issued 1987–1991 during a period of severe hyperinflation. The front is dated 1988, while the back is dated 1987. The entire series was demonetized in 1991 when Vietnam conducted a currency reform replacing 10 old dong with 1 new dong. Serial number 'DG 8248938' appears on the 500 dong front; serial 'MK 1237793' appears on the 200 dong back. These notes circulated during Vietnam's transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy (Doi Moi reforms). The repeated use of Ho Chi Minh's portrait on both denominations reflects his status as the paramount symbol of Vietnamese national identity and socialist revolution. vi XF Light circulation wear, good color retention, minor edge handling


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  Vietnam VND 200 dong State Bank of Vietnam agriculture,industry,transport Agricultural tractor in a rice field with workers harvesting. The scene represents Vietnam's socialist emphasis on mechanized agriculture and collective farming during the post-reunification period. The State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) issued this series during the late 1980s economic reform period known as Đổi Mới, which began in 1986 and transitioned Vietnam toward a socialist-oriented market economy. This is a mismatched banknote back. The reverse shown is from a Venezuelan 1 Bolívar note issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela, dated October 5, 1989. The back features signatures of the President and First Vice President, with text "PAGADEROS AL PORTADOR EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO" (Payable to bearer at the bank offices). This does not correspond to the Vietnamese 200 dong front. The front depicts a Vietnamese 200 dong note from the 1987–1991 series, issued by the State Bank of Vietnam during a period of severe hyperinflation. Vietnam underwent currency reforms with new dong introduced in 1985 at 10:1, though inflation continued through the late 1980s until economic reforms (Đổi Mới) stabilized the economy in the early 1990s. These notes were withdrawn from circulation in 1991 during subsequent currency reforms. The depicted tractor and agricultural scene emphasize the socialist state's focus on mechanized collective farming. The back image is from an entirely different note (Venezuela 1 Bolívar, 1989), indicating these are not matching photographs of the same banknote. P-99a vi UNC


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  Venezuela VEB 10 Banco Central de Venezuela Presidente: Apuleyo Prieto; Primer Vice-Presidente: [signature illegible] American Bank Note Company Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre statesman,military,independence Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire. Known as El Libertador, he is the most influential figure in Latin American independence movements and remains the paramount national hero of Venezuela, honored on virtually all Venezuelan currency. The front displays the national coat of arms of Venezuela with the motto 'INDEPENDENCIA 19 DE ABRIL DE 1810' and 'FEDERACION 20 DE FEBRERO DE 1859' alongside 'REPUBLICA DE VENEZUELA', with decorative flora including indigenous plants. Dual portraits of Simón Bolívar (left, labeled 'BOLIVAR-LIBERTADOR') and Antonio José de Sucre (right, labeled 'MARISCAL SUCRE'). Sucre (1795–1830) was Bolívar's closest ally and finest general, serving as President of Bolivia and leading the decisive Battle of Ayacucho (1824) that secured South American independence. The back bears the date 'ENERO-27-1976' and the text 'DIEZ BOLIVARES PAGADEROS AL PORTADOR EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO' (Ten Bolívares payable to bearer at the bank's offices). This note belongs to the 1971–1989 series of Venezuelan bolívares issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela. The printed date 'ENERO-27-1976' (January 27, 1976) indicates the specific issue date for this printing. This series featured portraits of independence heroes and remained in circulation until the 1989 monetary reform. The dual portrait of Bolívar and Sucre emphasizes Venezuela's founding role in Latin American independence. Venezuela experienced currency reforms in 2008 (Bolívar Fuerte, removing 3 zeros) and 2018 (Bolívar Soberano, removing 5 zeros), making these old bolívares demonetized. The American Bank Note Company printed Venezuelan currency extensively during this period under contract with the Banco Central de Venezuela. 51g es L16026556 XF Note shows light circulation with minor edge wear and a vertical fold. Colors remain vibrant and all details are clear.


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  Venezuela VEB 10 Bolívares Banco Central de Venezuela Presidente: [illegible signature]; Primer Vice-Presidente: [illegible signature] American Bank Note Company Antonio José de Sucre Independence monument statesman,military,commemorative,independence Independence monument at center, depicting the Battle of Carabobo Monument in Valencia, Venezuela. This allegorical sculpture complex, unveiled in 1921, commemorates the decisive Battle of Carabobo (June 24, 1821) that secured Venezuelan independence from Spain. The monument features equestrian statues and allegorical figures representing liberty and the republic. At right, the coat of arms of Venezuela within an ornamental medallion, showing the national emblem adopted in 1836 featuring a white horse galloping left (representing independence and freedom), wheat sheaves, and flags. Antonio José de Sucre (1795–1830), Venezuelan independence leader, military strategist, and Grand Marshal of Ayacucho. Sucre was Simón Bolívar's most trusted general and served as the second President of Bolivia (1825–1828). He played a decisive role in the liberation of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule, and his victory at the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) effectively ended Spanish colonial dominance in South America. He is revered as one of Latin America's greatest military heroes and appears on numerous Venezuelan banknotes. This note belongs to the 1981 issue of Venezuelan bolívares printed by the American Bank Note Company, clearly indicated by the printer's imprint at the bottom of the front. The date 'OCTUBRE 16 DE 1981' is printed on the back, establishing the specific issue date. This series circulated during Venezuela's oil-boom era before the economic crises of the late 20th century. The Venezuelan bolívar (VEB) was eventually replaced by the bolívar fuerte (VEF) in 2008 at a rate of 1000:1 due to hyperinflation, making these older notes demonetized. The 10 bolívares denomination featured Antonio José de Sucre, one of the most honored figures of South American independence, and the Carabobo monument celebrating Venezuela's definitive independence victory. 60 es B13589042 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible handling marks and slight aging to the paper. Some discoloration visible but overall structure intact.


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  Venezuela VEB 10 Banco Central de Venezuela Giant Armadillo military,wildlife,indigenous_culture The Battle of Ayacucho (December 9, 1824), the decisive military engagement of the Spanish American wars of independence fought near Ayacucho, Peru. The engraving depicts mounted cavalry and infantry, commemorating the battle where the forces of Simón Bolívar under Antonio José de Sucre defeated the Spanish royalist army, securing independence for Peru and effectively ending Spanish colonial rule in South America. The text 'AYACUCHO (TOVAR Y TOVAR-HERRERA TORO)' credits the artistic representation to Venezuelan painters Martín Tovar y Tovar and Cristóbal Rojas Herrera Toro. The coat of arms of Venezuela appears at left. Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), the largest species of armadillo native to South America, found in Venezuela's tropical forests and grasslands. This endangered mammal can weigh up to 50 kg and is distinguished by its extensive armored shell and powerful claws used for digging. The species plays an important ecological role in Venezuelan ecosystems and represents the country's biodiversity heritage. This 10 Bolívares note was issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela and represents an early to mid-20th century design from Venezuela's banknote history. The front depicts the Battle of Ayacucho, a pivotal moment in Latin American independence, reflecting Venezuela's role in the liberation campaigns led by Simón Bolívar. The reverse features the Giant Armadillo, representing Venezuela's rich fauna. The note denomination is shown as 'DIEZ' (ten) and 'DIEZ BOLIVARES'. Without visible dates, signatures, or security features clearly identifiable in these images, precise dating is difficult; however, the design style, engraving technique, and paper substrate suggest early-to-mid 20th century issue. The serial number C83213118 is visible. This bolívar has since been replaced through multiple currency reforms, ultimately by the Bolívar Soberano in 2018 after periods of severe hyperinflation. es C83213118 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible center fold and some edge wear. Paper remains intact with clear printing.


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  Venezuela VEF 2000 Bolívares / 20 Bolívares Bolívar Fuerte redenomination series 2016 Banco Central de Venezuela Presidente: Eudomar Tovar; Primer Vice-Presidente: [signature present] Rafael Urdaneta Harpy Eagle in Canaima National Park military,wildlife,commemorative Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja), the national bird of Panama and the largest raptor in the Americas, shown perched; the note identifies the specimen as photographed at Canaima National Park. The inscription 'Salto Ucaima y Tepuyes Venado y Kurun, Parque Nacional Canaima' references specific locations and tepui formations in Venezuela's UNESCO World Heritage site. This note is part of Venezuela's 2016 monetary reconversion, where the original 2000 Bolívares denomination was overprinted to represent 20 Bolívares following the removal of three zeros from the currency during hyperinflation. General Rafael Urdaneta (1788–1845), Venezuelan military leader and hero of the wars of independence against Spain. He served as the last president of Gran Colombia (1830–1831) after Simón Bolívar's resignation, and was one of Bolívar's most trusted generals. The portrait shows him in full military dress uniform with medals and decorations. The date 'OCTUBRE-29-1979' printed on the note references October 29, 1979, the date this 20 Bolívares design series was originally authorized, though this specific overprinted note was issued in 2016. This is a transitional note from Venezuela's 2016 monetary reconversion, when the Bolívar Fuerte underwent redenomination by removing three zeros. Original 2000 Bolívares notes from earlier series were overprinted with '20' to circulate as 20 Bolívares. The back displays 'OCTUBRE-29-1979', the authorization date of the original 20 Bolívares design featuring Rafael Urdaneta, which was part of Venezuela's long-running series. The front was redesigned with wildlife imagery (the Harpy Eagle) as part of Venezuela's efforts to feature national natural heritage. Serial number A12055427 is visible on the back. This reconversion was short-lived; in 2018, Venezuela implemented another redenomination (removing five zeros) to create the Bolívar Soberano, demonetizing these notes. The hyperinflationary period of 2016–2018 saw Venezuela issue increasingly high denominations, making these overprinted transitional notes artifacts of extreme monetary instability. es A12055427 UNC


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  Venezuela VEB 20 Bolívar series Banco Central de Venezuela Morrocoy turtle military,wildlife,commemorative The Battle of Lake Maracaibo (24 July 1823), the decisive naval engagement that secured Venezuelan independence from Spain. The scene depicts Admiral José Prudencio Padilla's patriot fleet engaging and defeating the Spanish royalist squadron commanded by Captain Ángel Laborde y Navarro, ending Spanish naval presence in northern South America. This victory, fought near the entrance to Lake Maracaibo in present-day Zulia State, came two years after Bolívar's land victories and is celebrated as one of the most important naval battles in Latin American independence history. Morrocoy turtle (Chelonoidis carbonaria), also known as the red-footed tortoise, a terrestrial species native to northern South America including Venezuela. Found in tropical forests, savannas and dry forest habitats throughout the country, this tortoise is culturally significant in Venezuela and represents the nation's biodiversity. The species faces habitat loss but remains an emblematic animal of Venezuelan fauna. This note belongs to the Venezuelan Bolívar series issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela during the late 1990s and early 2000s, before the 2008 currency redenomination that introduced the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF) at a ratio of 1000:1. The front commemorates the Battle of Lake Maracaibo (1823), the final major naval battle of the Venezuelan War of Independence. The 20 Bolívares denomination was a mid-range value in everyday circulation before hyperinflation rendered it nearly worthless. Serial number N72222677 visible on the reverse. The note was demonetized on 1 January 2008 when the Bolívar Fuerte replaced the old Bolívar. No known public serial-year encoding identified for Banco Central de Venezuela. The exact issue year cannot be determined from visible evidence; the design style and security features suggest late 1990s to early 2000s production, but without additional catalogue reference or visible date, a precise year cannot be assigned. es N72222677 UNC


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  Venezuela VEB 1000 Bolívar Fuerte series 2016 Banco Central de Venezuela Simón Bolívar Giant armadillo statesman,military,wildlife Giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cachicamo Gigante, the largest species of armadillo native to South America including Venezuela's Llanos grasslands. This armored mammal is listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting; it can weigh up to 50 kg and has up to 100 teeth. The species is an emblem of Venezuela's rich biodiversity and appears on this denomination alongside the Venezuelan coat of arms at left. Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader known as El Libertador. He led the independence movement that liberated much of South America from Spanish rule, founding Gran Colombia and serving as president of multiple nations. Bolívar is Venezuela's most venerated historical figure and appears on virtually every denomination of Venezuelan currency across multiple series. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series issued from 2007 to 2018 during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis. The Bolívar Fuerte (VEF, 'Strong Bolívar') replaced the previous Bolívar at a rate of 1000:1 in 2008. Despite the redenomination, hyperinflation continued, necessitating higher and higher denominations. The 1000 Bolívares note with 2016 series date was issued during the peak inflation period. The note carries the signature text 'PRIMER VICEPRESIDENTE BCV' and 'PRESIDENTE BCV' though individual names are not clearly legible in these images. The serial number prefix 'L' corresponds to documented print blocks from 2016–2017. This currency was fully demonetized on August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano at a conversion rate of 100,000:1. By late 2017, this 1000 Bolívares note had virtually no purchasing power due to hyperinflation exceeding 1,000,000% annually. 95 es L02125757 UNC


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  Venezuela VEF 2 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) wildlife,indigenous_culture The Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), also known as the Amazon river dolphin or boto, an endemic freshwater cetacean of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. The species is culturally significant to indigenous peoples of Venezuela and is featured as the central motif on this denomination. The front also displays the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and includes text identifying the location as 'Parque Nacional Médanos de Coro' (Médanos de Coro National Park), Venezuela's first UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its dramatic sand dunes. The note is part of the Bolívar Fuerte redenomination introduced in 2007, which removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar currency. The Marine Pink Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) shown in greater detail, emphasizing the species' distinctive features. The back includes the denomination '10' in the corner (corresponding to 10 in the previous currency scale) and features microtext and security elements. The boto is an endangered species and holds deep cultural significance in Venezuelan and broader Amazonian indigenous mythology, where it is often associated with transformation legends and river spirits. This 2 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on January 1, 2007, as part of a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar (VEB). The conversion rate was 1 Bolívar Fuerte = 1,000 old Bolívares. The series was in circulation from 2007 until August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano (Sovereign Bolívar) following hyperinflation. This wildlife-themed series represented an effort to celebrate Venezuela's natural heritage. The note features advanced security elements including a windowed security thread, see-through register, latent images, and UV-reactive elements. Serial number format analysis for Venezuelan notes of this era does not encode specific year information; the printed date indicators and series documentation provide the primary dating evidence. The Marine Pink Dolphin theme connects to both environmental conservation efforts and indigenous cultural heritage. 88 es B08460526 VF Note shows visible circulation wear with vertical and horizontal creases, slightly soiled surfaces, but all design elements remain clear and intact. No tears or missing pieces evident.


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  Venezuela VEF 5 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Giant Armadillo wildlife,indigenous_culture Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) adult and juvenile, depicted on the plains of Los Llanos, Venezuela's tropical grassland savanna ecosystem. The giant armadillo is the largest living armadillo species, native to South America including Venezuela, and is listed as Vulnerable due to habitat loss. The Spanish term 'Cuspón' visible on the note refers to this armadillo species, which holds cultural significance in Venezuelan and broader South American indigenous traditions. The coat of arms of Venezuela appears at left. The denomination '10 DIEZ BOLÍVARES' printed prominently, with text 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' indicating the issuing authority. The back features abstract geometric patterns and security elements typical of the Bolívar Fuerte series, along with watermark and registration features. The note is oriented vertically on the reverse. This 5 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the currency reform of 2007, when Venezuela introduced the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF, meaning 'Strong Bolívar') to replace the previous Bolívar (VEB) at a rate of 1 VEF = 1,000 VEB, in response to high inflation. The series featured Venezuelan wildlife and natural heritage rather than political figures. The Bolívar Fuerte circulated from 2007 until August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano (VES) at a rate of 1 VES = 100,000 VEF due to hyperinflation. All Bolívar Fuerte notes were demonetized and are no longer legal tender. The wildlife theme on this series emphasized Venezuela's biodiversity, with the giant armadillo representing the country's endangered fauna. Serial number Q52306197 is visible. 89 es Q52306197 VF Note shows moderate circulation wear with visible creases and handling marks but retains overall integrity


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  Venezuela VEF 10 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis) wildlife,indigenous_culture Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis), also known as the oilbird, a nocturnal fruit-eating bird endemic to northern South America and Trinidad. The species is culturally significant to Venezuela, particularly associated with Cueva del Guácharo in Monagas state, declared a national monument in 1949. The inscription references 'Salto Ucaima y Tepuyes Venado y Kurun, Parque Nacional Canaima' (Ucaima Falls and the Venado and Kurun tepuis in Canaima National Park), linking the note's wildlife theme to Venezuela's protected natural heritage. The left side displays the Venezuelan coat of arms. Portrait of an unidentified historical figure, likely a Venezuelan independence-era or 19th-century leader based on the classical styling and formal attire. The reverse continues the natural heritage theme with subtle imagery of Venezuela's landscape. The denomination '20 VEINTE BOLÍVARES' is printed vertically on the left in brown text, with 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' identifying the issuing republic. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on January 1, 2007, following a monetary reform that redenominated the currency at a rate of 1,000 old bolívares (VEB) to 1 bolívar fuerte (VEF). The reform was intended to combat inflation and simplify transactions. The series was issued 2007-2018 and featured Venezuelan wildlife, natural landmarks, and historical figures. This denomination was demonetized on August 20, 2018, when Venezuela introduced the Bolívar Soberano, redenominating again at 100,000:1 amid hyperinflation. The serial number format 'AA46183302' follows the standard two-letter prefix system used by Banco Central de Venezuela. No known public serial-year encoding identified for this issuer. 90 es AA46183302 VF Note shows circulation wear with visible handling marks and slight discoloration, but all design elements remain clear.


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  Venezuela VEF 20 Bolívar Fuerte series Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi wildlife,statesman,indigenous_culture Two loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) swimming, with the inscription identifying them as being from "Montañas de Macanao, Parque Nacional Laguna de La Restinga." The loggerhead turtle is an endangered marine species that nests on Venezuelan Caribbean shores; Laguna de La Restinga National Park on Margarita Island is a critical mangrove and coastal ecosystem habitat. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left, featuring the traditional tricolor shield with symbols of agricultural abundance, military victory, and independence. A small turtle icon in the upper right corner serves as a see-through register with the back. Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi (1799–1866), Venezuelan independence heroine and wife of independence fighter Juan Bautista Arismendi. At age 15 she was imprisoned by Spanish royalist forces in 1815 as leverage against her husband's guerrilla resistance on Margarita Island; she endured torture and harsh conditions while pregnant, giving birth in captivity to a daughter who died shortly after. Despite immense suffering she refused to betray the patriot cause. Released in 1816 after prisoner exchanges, she became a symbol of Venezuelan women's courage and sacrifice during the wars of independence. Her portrait is adapted from a painting by Martín Tovar y Tovar. The denomination is printed vertically at left as "CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES" and the note bears the serial number K61426335. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ("strong bolívar") series introduced on 1 January 2008 as part of a currency reform that removed three zeros from the previous bolívar. The reform was enacted under President Hugo Chávez to address hyperinflation and simplify transactions. The series ran from 2007 (first print date) through 2018 and featured Venezuelan wildlife and independence heroes. The 20 bolívares fuertes denomination depicted loggerhead sea turtles on the front and independence heroine Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi on the back. The Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced on 20 August 2018 by the Bolívar Soberano, which removed five zeros in response to accelerating hyperinflation; all Bolívar Fuerte notes were demonetized on that date. The note was printed by Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela and features modern security elements including a windowed security thread, holographic foil patch, microprinting, UV-reactive inks, intaglio printing, and a see-through register (the turtle icon that aligns front-to-back). The serial number format follows standard BCV practice with a letter prefix and eight-digit numeric sequence. 91 es K61426335 UNC Note appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear or folds. Held by fingers in the back image but no handling damage evident.


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  Venezuela VEF 50 Bolívar Fuerte series 2018 Banco Central de Venezuela Simón Bolívar Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), South America's only native bear species and endemic to the Andes mountain ranges. The species is classified as vulnerable and is found in cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia; Sierra Nevada National Park in Venezuela provides critical habitat for this species. The front features the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and the denomination '50 CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES' with text indicating 'CASA DE LA MONEDA VENEZUELA' and 'Oso Frontino Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada' (Spectacled Bear, Sierra Nevada National Park). Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements against Spanish rule across much of South America, liberating present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia. Known as 'El Libertador' (The Liberator), he is the most revered figure in Venezuelan and Latin American history, and Venezuela's currency is named in his honour. The back inscription reads 'CIEN BOLÍVARES' (One Hundred Bolívares) and includes the date '24 DE MARZO DE 2008' and signatures of bank officials with 'PRESIDENTE DEL BCV' visible. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced in 2007 during a currency reform that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar currency (VEB). The reform was part of President Hugo Chávez's economic policies. The 50-bolívar denomination was issued in 2018 during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis. The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on August 20, 2018, with another redenomination removing five zeros. The wildlife-themed design reflects Venezuela's rich biodiversity and conservation efforts, with the spectacled bear representing the country's endangered Andean fauna. Serial number format AL followed by 8 digits is consistent with late Bolívar Fuerte issues. These notes circulated for only a brief period before demonetization due to hyperinflation. P-105 es AL29217093 UNC Note appears crisp and uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible folds or handling marks


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  Venezuela VEF 100 Bolívar Fuerte series 2018 Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela Simón Bolívar Cardenalitos (Red Siskin) statesman,military,wildlife,indigenous_culture Cardenalitos (Red Siskin, Spinus cucullatus), a small passerine bird endemic to northern South America, particularly Venezuela, Colombia and Guyana. The species is critically endangered due to habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade; it appears on this note as part of Venezuela's celebration of its natural biodiversity. The text identifies the birds as being from Parque Nacional El Ávila, the mountain range overlooking Caracas. Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements across much of South America from Spanish colonial rule. Known as El Libertador, Bolívar liberated present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia; Venezuela's currency has been named after him since 1879. He appears on virtually every denomination of Venezuelan banknotes and is the most honoured figure in the nation's history. This 100 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series issued from 2007–2018, introduced during the currency redenomination that replaced the old Bolívar at a rate of 1,000:1. The series was characterized by wildlife and natural heritage themes on the obverse paired with portraits of national heroes on the reverse. The printed date '5 DE JUNIO DE 2018' indicates this specific note was issued in mid-2018, during the final months before the Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 (at 100,000:1) due to hyperinflation. The Bolívar Soberano was subsequently replaced by a redenominated digital Bolívar in 2021. Serial number format with prefix 'G' is consistent with late-series production. P-93g es G31194886 UNC Note appears crisp and uncirculated with no visible folds or wear


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  Venezuela VEF 500 Bolívar Fuerte series 2016 Banco Central de Venezuela Capybara Capybara wildlife Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the world's largest living rodent, native to South America including Venezuela's wetlands and river systems. The capybara is a semi-aquatic herbivore found throughout Venezuelan grasslands and riverbanks, and it appears on this note as part of Venezuela's wildlife-themed currency series issued during the period of hyperinflation. The Venezuelan coat of arms is at left. Capybara in natural habitat, shown in profile with detailed engraving emphasizing the animal's distinctive features. The back design reinforces the wildlife theme by depicting the capybara in its native wetland environment. The text 'MIL BOLIVARES' indicates the redenomination context, and the serial number L11279839 appears twice. This 500 Bolívares Fuertes note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series (2007–2018), which replaced the previous Bolívar currency at a rate of 1000:1 in 2008 as Venezuela's first major redenomination attempt during accelerating inflation. The 2016 series introduced wildlife themes across denominations. By 2018, hyperinflation rendered the Bolívar Fuerte worthless, and it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano (removing five zeros) on August 20, 2018. The capybara was chosen to represent Venezuelan biodiversity on the 500-denomination note. This note is now demonetized and no longer legal tender. P-94d es L11279839 VF Note shows light circulation with visible handling and minor creasing, but retains good color and detail.


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  Venezuela VEB 1000 Bolívar series Banco Central de Venezuela wildlife,indigenous_culture Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cachicamo Gigante, and a smaller species of armadillo depicted in their natural grassland habitat. The Giant Armadillo is the largest living armadillo species, native to South America including Venezuela, and listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting. It is featured prominently on this note as part of Venezuela's wildlife preservation efforts and national fauna symbolism. The coat of arms of Venezuela appears at left, with denomination '1000 MIL BOLÍVARES' and issuer 'Banco Central de Venezuela' at top. Portrait of an unidentified Indigenous Venezuelan figure, likely representing the pre-Columbian peoples of Venezuela. The denomination '50 CINCUENTA BOLÍVARES' appears vertically on the left margin, with 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' printed prominently. The back design incorporates indigenous imagery and cultural motifs celebrating Venezuela's pre-Hispanic heritage, including stylized wildlife and geometric patterns. The note's serial number D27990777 is printed in both upper left and lower right corners. This 1000 Bolívares note belongs to the Venezuelan Bolívar series issued during the period 1998–2007 by the Banco Central de Venezuela. The series featured Venezuelan wildlife and indigenous cultural themes. This denomination was part of the original Bolívar currency (ISO code VEB) which experienced severe hyperinflation in the 2000s. In 2008, Venezuela implemented a currency redenomination, replacing the Bolívar with the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF) at a rate of 1000:1, making this note worth 1 Bolívar Fuerte after conversion. The note was demonetized on January 1, 2008. The armadillo motif represents Venezuela's commitment to biodiversity conservation and national identity through its unique fauna. The precise issue year within the 1998–2007 range cannot be determined from the visible features, as no printed date appears on the note and no documented serial-year encoding is identified for Banco Central de Venezuela notes of this era. P-80 es D27990777 UNC Note appears to be in uncirculated condition with sharp details and no visible wear


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  Venezuela VEF 50 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela Puma (Puma concolor) Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) wildlife,indigenous_culture Puma Moriche (Puma concolor), a large wild cat native to the Americas and Venezuela's fauna. The puma is depicted in purple ink at center, representing Venezuela's biodiversity and natural heritage. This denomination is part of the fauna-themed Bolívar Fuerte series that replaced the hyperinflation-ravaged Bolívar at 1000:1 in 2007. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left, and 'Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela' is printed in fine text. Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), the largest living armadillo species found in South America including Venezuela's llanos and forests. This endangered species is depicted in purple at center, highlighting conservation themes. The denomination '100' appears prominently, showing the dual-denomination printing error common in Venezuelan emergency currency during this period. Serial number F57284077 is printed at top left and bottom right. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series introduced on January 1, 2007, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros (1000 old bolívares = 1 bolívar fuerte). The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan fauna rather than historical figures. However, this particular note shows a printing error where '100' appears on the reverse instead of '50', creating a denomination mismatch—a documented phenomenon from this troubled currency period. The Bolívar Fuerte itself was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 following continued hyperinflation, with another redenomination at 100,000:1. The wildlife theme reflected President Chávez's emphasis on national identity and natural resources. Printed by Casa de la Moneda de la República de Venezuela (Venezuelan Mint). 92 es F57284077 UNC Crisp uncirculated note with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Venezuela VEF 100000 Bolívar Fuerte Series 2017 Banco Central de Venezuela Northern Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus) in Guatopo National Park wildlife,indigenous_culture Northern Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus), a critically endangered primate species endemic to northern South America, shown swinging from a tree branch in Guatopo National Park. The spider monkey is among Venezuela's most iconic wildlife species, featured on this note to highlight the country's natural heritage and biodiversity. The text 'Mono Araña del Norte / Parque Nacional Guatopo' identifies the subject and location. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left. Image of a fish (likely the same wildlife theme continuing from front) rendered in blue intaglio. The denomination '10000 / DIEZ MIL / BOLÍVARES' appears vertically. Text includes 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' and legal tender declaration '22 DE ENERO DE 2019 / EN LAS OFICINAS DEL BANCO' along with 'PAGADERO AL PORTADOR / PRIMER VICEPRESIDENTE BCV / PRESIDENTE BCV'. Serial number A05234050 is visible. This 100,000 bolívares fuertes note was issued during Venezuela's severe hyperinflation crisis of 2016-2018. The Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') was introduced in 2008 as a redenomination at 1,000:1 against the old bolívar. By 2017-2018, hyperinflation forced the BCV to issue increasingly high denominations, with 100,000 being among the highest. The date '22 DE ENERO DE 2019' on the back likely refers to a series authorization date. This currency was demonetized on August 20, 2018, when it was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano at 100,000:1. The wildlife theme emphasizes Venezuela's national parks and endangered species, particularly the critically endangered northern spider monkey found in Henri Pittier and Guatopo National Parks. 100 es A05234050 VF Circulated note with visible handling, some soiling, and moderate wear consistent with VF grade


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  Venezuela VEB 10000 Bolívares Bolívar Fuerte series 2016 Banco Central de Venezuela Simón Bolívar Simón Bolívar statesman,military,commemorative The Mausoleo del Libertador Simón Bolívar (Pantheon of the Liberator) in Caracas, Venezuela, the final resting place of Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama from Spanish colonial rule. The mausoleum, located in the National Pantheon of Venezuela, is one of the most important national monuments. Bolívar is among the most revered figures in Latin American history and appears on virtually all Venezuelan currency. Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), El Libertador, Venezuelan military and political leader who played a key role in the independence of six South American countries from Spanish rule. Known as the George Washington of South America, he led revolutionary campaigns across the continent and is honoured throughout Latin America. His vision of a united Latin America and his military genius made him one of history's most significant independence leaders. This portrait appears on nearly all Venezuelan banknotes as the nation's founding father. This 10,000 Bolívares note belongs to the 2016–2018 Bolívar Fuerte series issued during Venezuela's escalating hyperinflation crisis. The date '18 DE AGOSTO DE 2016' appears on the back, indicating the legal decree date for this issue. This was one of the highest denominations issued in the Bolívar Fuerte currency before the 2018 monetary conversion to Bolívar Soberano (which removed five zeros). The note was legal tender for only about two years before demonetization. During this period, Venezuela experienced one of the worst hyperinflation episodes in modern history, rendering high-denomination notes nearly worthless within months of issue. The serial number A15476236 follows the standard Venezuelan format. The text 'PRIMER VICEPRIMER VICY' (partially visible) refers to legal provisions. Despite being a recent issue, these notes are now obsolete and serve primarily as historical artifacts of Venezuela's economic crisis. P-98 es A15476236 F Heavily circulated with visible creases, fold marks, and soiling throughout. Note shows significant wear consistent with use during hyperinflation when high-denomination notes circulated rapidly.


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  Venezuela VEB 20000 Bolívar series Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda - Venezuela Leatherback sea turtle wildlife,indigenous_culture Venezuelan red siskin (Spinus cucullatus) and turpial birds with botanical elements including cocoa pods and coffee plant. The red siskin is an endangered songbird endemic to northern Venezuela and Colombia, highly prized historically for aviculture. The turpial (Icterus icterus) is Venezuela's national bird. The front also displays the Venezuelan coat of arms at left featuring a white horse, wheat sheaves, and weapons, symbolizing independence, agriculture, and victory. The text 'Cardenalitos Parque Nacional El Ávila' references both the species depicted and El Ávila National Park (now Waraira Repano), the mountain range protecting Caracas. Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), the largest living turtle species, which nests on Venezuelan Caribbean beaches. This critically endangered marine reptile can weigh up to 900 kg and dive to depths exceeding 1,000 meters. Venezuela's coastline provides important nesting habitat for this species. The design emphasizes environmental conservation themes common to Venezuelan currency of this period, highlighting the nation's biodiversity. This 20,000 bolívares note belongs to the bolívar series issued by Banco Central de Venezuela during the period 1998-2007, prior to the 2008 redenomination that introduced the bolívar fuerte at a rate of 1,000:1. The series featured Venezuelan wildlife and natural heritage, reflecting national pride in biodiversity. This denomination emerged during a period of significant inflation in Venezuela. The note was demonetized on January 1, 2008, when the bolívar fuerte (VEF) replaced the bolívar (VEB). The serial number K28541577 follows standard Venezuelan formatting with a letter prefix. No public serial-year encoding is documented for this issuer during this period. P-85 es K28541577 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creasing and handling wear, typical for Venezuelan high-denomination notes of this inflationary period.


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  Venezuela VEF 5 Bolívares Bolívar Fuerte series 2018 Banco Central de Venezuela Pedro Camejo Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) military,wildlife,indigenous_culture Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus), locally known as Cuspón or Cachicamo Gigante, the largest species of armadillo found in South America including the Venezuelan Llanos. The front features an adult and juvenile armadillo, representing Venezuela's biodiversity and natural heritage. The species is listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting, making its depiction on currency part of conservation awareness efforts. Pedro Camejo (c. 1790–1821), known as 'Negro Primero' (The First Black), Venezuelan military hero who fought in Simón Bolívar's army during the War of Independence. Born enslaved, he gained freedom through military service and became a cavalry officer, distinguishing himself in numerous battles. He died at the Battle of Carabobo (1821), famously riding to his commander to report 'I came to tell you goodbye, because I am dead' before succumbing to his wounds. He is honored as a symbol of Afro-Venezuelan contribution to independence. This 5 bolívares note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte series introduced in 2007 during a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the old bolívar. The series inscription '15 DE ENERO DE 2018' indicates this specific printing date. The note features wildlife (the giant armadillo) on the front and a military independence hero on the back, following Venezuela's thematic pattern of pairing national biodiversity with historical figures. The serial number format 'C01270477' follows the standard BCV alphanumeric system. The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in 2018 (removing five zeros) and subsequently by the Bolívar Digital in 2021 (removing six more zeros) during Venezuela's hyperinflation crisis. This note was demonetized in August 2021 when the digital bolívar became sole legal tender. P-89c es C01270477 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp edges and no visible wear


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  Venezuela VEF 10 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela White-fronted capuchin monkey Simón Bolívar wildlife,statesman,military White-fronted capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons), native to northern South America including Venezuela's tropical forests. The species is known for its intelligence and adaptability. The design features the Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park in Zulia state, a significant protected wetland ecosystem, with text reading 'Parque Nacional Ciénaga de Juan Manuel - Relámpago del Catatumbo' referencing the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon. The Venezuelan coat of arms appears at left. Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led independence movements across South America, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule. Known as 'El Libertador', Bolívar is the most revered figure in Venezuelan history and the namesake of the national currency. The portrait is rendered in fine-line intaglio engraving. The numeral '20' appears at right. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on January 1, 2008, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros (1000 old bolívares = 1 bolívar fuerte). The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan wildlife on the obverse with portraits of independence heroes on the reverse. This 10 bolívares fuerte note was part of the original denomination structure. The currency was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on August 20, 2018, following severe hyperinflation, with another redenomination removing five zeros. Pick P-90 is well-documented for this denomination. The white-fronted capuchin and Catatumbo lightning (the world's greatest single generator of tropospheric ozone) represent Venezuela's natural biodiversity and unique meteorological phenomena. P-90 es B64601624 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp edges and no visible wear


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  Venezuela VEF 20 Bolivares Bolivar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi Jaguar (Panthera onca) statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture Jaguar (Panthera onca), the largest cat species in the Americas and a keystone predator of Venezuela's diverse ecosystems including the Llanos plains and Amazonian rainforest. The note identifies it as inhabiting Parque Nacional Waraira Repano (formerly known as El Ávila National Park), the mountain range protecting Caracas. The jaguar has deep cultural significance in indigenous Venezuelan mythology and represents the country's commitment to wildlife conservation. Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi (1799-1866), Venezuelan independence heroine who endured imprisonment and torture by Spanish royalists while pregnant, refusing to betray the independence cause even after losing her child. Wife of independence leader Juan Bautista Arismendi, she became a symbol of women's courage and sacrifice during Venezuela's wars of independence. She is one of the most honoured female figures in Venezuelan history, representing resilience and patriotism. This note belongs to the Bolivar Fuerte (Strong Bolivar) series introduced on January 1, 2007, when Venezuela redenominated its currency by removing three zeros from the old bolivar (VEB) due to inflation. The series was issued from 2007 until 2018, when hyperinflation necessitated another redenomination to the Bolivar Soberano. The 20 bolivares denomination was part of the initial release and featured Venezuela's wildlife and independence heroes. This series was demonetized on August 20, 2018. The design emphasizes both natural heritage (the jaguar, Venezuela's apex predator) and independence history (Luisa Cáceres). The serial number format and prefix structure are standard for this series, with no documented serial-year encoding. This particular note with serial S04553177 would have been from the regular production run. 91a es S04553177 UNC Note appears uncirculated with sharp corners, no folds, and crisp paper quality


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  Venezuela VEF 500 Bolívares Bolívar Fuerte series 2016 Banco Central de Venezuela Primer Vicepresidente BCV; Presidente BCV Simón Bolívar wildlife,indigenous_culture,statesman The Tonina or Amazon river dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis), an endemic freshwater dolphin species found in Venezuela's Orinoco River basin and depicted in its natural habitat among aquatic vegetation. The note also features the Guaiana Flor from Parque Nacional Médanos de Coro, a protected natural area on Venezuela's northwestern coast known for its unique sand dune ecosystem and coastal biodiversity, representing Venezuela's commitment to environmental conservation. Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), the Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements across much of South America from Spanish rule. Known as El Libertador, Bolívar liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (named in his honor) from the Spanish Empire and is the most venerated figure in Venezuelan history, appearing on virtually all Venezuelan currency since independence. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series introduced in 2007 during President Hugo Chávez's redenomination that removed three zeros from the old Bolívar currency. The 500 Bolívares Fuertes note was introduced on December 27, 2016, as hyperinflation began accelerating in Venezuela. The inscription 'DOS BOLÍVARES' visible on the back is a conversion marker: this note was redenominated as 2 Bolívares Soberanos when the Bolívar Fuerte was replaced in August 2018 by another redenomination removing five zeros. This series featured Venezuelan wildlife and natural landmarks on the obverse with historical figures on the reverse. Serial prefix 'L' corresponds to a 2016–2017 production block. The note became demonetized on August 20, 2018, though it briefly circulated with an overprinted conversion value before full withdrawal. 95 es L66835877 VF Light circulation evident; note shows minor handling but retains good detail and color


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  Venezuela VEF 2 Bolívar Fuerte series 2008 Banco Central de Venezuela Casa de la Moneda de Venezuela Toninas (boto/Amazon river dolphin) from Los Médanos de Coro National Park wildlife,indigenous_culture The Toninas (Inia geoffrensis), Amazon river dolphins, depicted in their natural habitat. These freshwater dolphins are endemic to South American river systems and are culturally significant to indigenous communities. The front specifically features imagery from Los Médanos de Coro National Park, Venezuela's only desert area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Falcón State. The denomination text reads 'DOS BOLÍVARES' and shows the Venezuelan coat of arms at left. A stylized Tonina (Amazon river dolphin) in profile, set against an abstract aquatic background with vegetation motifs. The back reinforces the wildlife conservation theme central to the Bolívar Fuerte series, with the denomination '2' and 'CINCO BOLÍVARES' (an apparent error in the inscription visible as '10' with text reading República Bolivariana de Venezuela). Serial number C26219677 visible at upper left and lower right. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte (Strong Bolívar) series issued by the Banco Central de Venezuela from 2008–2018, created during a currency redenomination that removed three zeros from the previous Bolívar (VEB), with 1 Bolívar Fuerte = 1,000 old Bolívares. The series was introduced on January 1, 2008 under President Hugo Chávez to combat hyperinflation, though inflation continued. The 2 Bolívares note emphasized Venezuelan wildlife and natural heritage. The Bolívar Fuerte was itself replaced by the Bolívar Soberano in August 2018 (removing five zeros), which was then replaced by the Digital Bolívar in 2021 (removing six more zeros). The date '18 DE MARZO DE 2008' is printed on the series, marking the official issue date. Serial format uses letter-number-number-number-number-number-number-number structure typical of Venezuelan notes. P-88 es C26219677 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp edges and no visible folds or wear


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  Venezuela VEF 5 Bolívar Fuerte series 2007 Banco Central de Venezuela Pedro Camejo Sabana de Arauca military,indigenous_culture,wildlife Pedro Camejo (c. 1790–1821), known as 'Negro Primero' ('The First Black'), a Venezuelan llanero of indigenous and African descent who served as a soldier in Simón Bolívar's army during the Wars of Independence. He is celebrated as a national hero for his bravery at the Battle of Carabobo (1821) where he was mortally wounded; his legendary last words to General José Antonio Páez—'I came to tell you goodbye, because I am dead'—made him an enduring symbol of Afro-Venezuelan and indigenous contributions to independence. The front also features the Venezuelan coat of arms at left and the text 'Parque Nacional Henri Pittier - Valle de Aragua' near the center. Sabana de Arauca, the vast tropical grassland plains (llanos) of the Arauca River region in western Venezuela, a landscape central to Venezuelan identity and llanero culture. The back depicts stylised imagery of the llanos flora, including palm trees and native vegetation, symbolising the natural heritage and agricultural importance of the plains. The number '2' appears prominently, along with the text 'República Bolivariana de Venezuela' and 'DOS BOLÍVARES'. This note belongs to the Bolívar Fuerte ('Strong Bolívar') series introduced on 1 January 2008 as part of a monetary reform that redenominated the Venezuelan bolívar at a rate of 1,000:1 (removing three zeros from the old bolívar). The reform aimed to simplify transactions amid inflation. The series was issued 2007–2018 and featured Venezuelan independence heroes and natural landmarks. Pedro Camejo, an Afro-indigenous llanero who fought at Carabobo, was chosen for the 5 bolívares note to honour marginalised communities' role in independence. Henri Pittier National Park (Valle de Aragua), referenced on the front, is Venezuela's oldest national park (1937). The Bolívar Fuerte was replaced by the Bolívar Soberano on 20 August 2018 at a rate of 100,000:1 as hyperinflation rendered the currency unworkable. Serial number F87796418 visible on the back; no documented serial-year encoding identified for Venezuelan notes. 89 es F87796418 UNC


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  Yemen Yemeni Rial 1 Rial Central Bank of Yemen agriculture This image shows a 1 Rial note from the Central Bank of Yemen featuring an agricultural scene with coffee plants (qat or coffee trees) in the foreground and mountains in the background. Yemen has historically been famous for coffee cultivation, particularly Mocha coffee from the port of Al-Mokha. The note emphasizes Yemen's agricultural heritage with traditional Islamic geometric border patterns. This image shows a 10 Dinara note from the National Bank of Yugoslavia dated 1.V.1968, featuring an industrial steelworker with welding goggles and protective gear, representing the socialist emphasis on industrial labor and the working class. The Yugoslav socialist state frequently celebrated workers and industrialization on its currency as symbols of national development and communist ideology. MISMATCHED PAIR: The front image is a Yemen Arab Republic 1 Rial note (likely P-11 series, 1969-1973), while the back image is a Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 10 Dinara note (P-82c, dated 1 May 1968). These are two completely different banknotes from different countries. The Yemen note was issued by the Central Bank of Yemen (North Yemen) after the 1962 revolution. The Yugoslav note was part of the 1965-1968 dinar series featuring workers, printed by Zavod za Izradu Novčanica in Belgrade. ar,sr BM899814 UNC Both notes appear to be in uncirculated condition with crisp paper and sharp corners


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 10 Dinara 1944 Provisional issue Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (provisional government) Young partisan fighter military,statesman,commemorative This is a 10 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), issued during or immediately after World War II as part of the provisional currency. The front features elaborate guilloche patterns and the denomination displayed prominently in a central medallion, with text in multiple Yugoslav languages (Serbo-Croatian in Latin and Cyrillic scripts, Slovenian, Macedonian). The inscription 'FALSIFIKOVANJE SE KAŽNJAVA PO ZAKONU' (Counterfeiting is punished by law) appears in multiple scripts. This design reflects the multilingual nature of the newly formed federal socialist state. Portrait of a young partisan fighter wearing a cap (titovka), representing the Yugoslav Partisans who fought against Axis occupation during World War II under Josip Broz Tito. The portrait symbolizes the liberation struggle and the founding military force of socialist Yugoslavia. The denomination '1 DINAR' appears in multiple scripts alongside counterfeiting warnings in Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The text 'SRBIJA HRVATSKA SLOVENIJA' appears vertically, referencing the constituent republics. This note belongs to the 1944 provisional issue (P-50), the first currency series of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (later renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945–1946). These notes were issued during the final phase of World War II and the immediate postwar period, replacing occupation currencies and older Kingdom of Yugoslavia notes. The series was designed to serve the newly liberated territories and reflected the partisan movement's victory. The multilingual inscriptions (Latin and Cyrillic Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian) emphasized the federal nature of the new state composed of six socialist republics. The 10 Dinara denomination was one of the lower values in this series, which ranged from 1 to 1000 Dinara. This currency remained in circulation through various reforms until being replaced by subsequent dinar revaluations, with final demonetization occurring during the 1960s reforms. The designer signatures include 'M. PETROVIĆ FEC.' and 'B. KOCMUT SC.' visible at the bottom of the front. P-50 sr,sl,mk XF Note shows light circulation with good centering and intact borders, minor edge wear visible


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 1 Dinar (front) / 50 Dinara (back) Democratic Federal Yugoslavia series 1944 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia statesman,commemorative The coat of arms of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia at center left, featuring the flaming torch (baklja) surrounded by five torches representing the six constituent republics, with a five-pointed star above and wheat sheaves crossed below, tied with a ribbon bearing the date of the uprising. The inscription 'ДЕМОКРАТСКА ФЕДЕРАТИВНА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА' (Democratic Federal Yugoslavia) appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. This design was issued immediately following liberation from Axis occupation in 1944, marking the transition from the Partisan provisional government to the federal state structure that would become socialist Yugoslavia in 1945. The back displays the denomination '50 DINARA' with text in multiple scripts reading 'ПЕДЕСЕТ ДИНАРА' (fifty dinara) and 'SOCIALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), reflecting the multilingual character of Yugoslavia. The circular emblem at center contains text commemorating the National Liberation War of Yugoslavia (1941–1945). Warning text at bottom regarding counterfeiting penalties appears in multiple languages. The engravers' names 'M. PETROVIC FEC.' and 'T. KRNAJSKI SC.' are printed at lower corners. This note represents the transitional currency issued during the final phase of World War II in Yugoslavia. MISMATCHED PAIR IDENTIFIED: The front image shows a 1 Dinar note with the date '1944' printed in the upper right corner, while the back image shows a 50 Dinara note. These are NOT the front and back of the same banknote. The 1 Dinar front belongs to the initial Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija) issue of 1944, printed during the transitional period as Partisan forces liberated the country from Axis occupation. The 50 Dinara back belongs to a related but different denomination from the same series. This series was issued by the provisional government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (proclaimed November 29, 1943, formalized 1944–1945) before the monarchy was formally abolished and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRJ) was proclaimed in November 1945. These transitional notes circulated 1944–1946 and were replaced during the post-war currency reform. The coat of arms design—featuring the flaming torch (baklja), symbol of Partisan resistance—was used throughout the DFJ period before being modified for the socialist era. Engravers M. Petrović and T. Krnajski are documented as having worked on this emergency wartime issue. sr,hr,sl,mk VF Note shows signs of circulation with some edge wear and surface soiling; paper remains intact with clear printing.


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  Yugoslavia YUD 50 1978 Series 1978 National Bank of Yugoslavia Zamjenik Guvernera (Deputy Governor): signature visible; Guverner (Governor): signature visible Zavod za izradu novčanica, Belgrade Worker and Peasant Denomination rosette with multilingual state name statesman,industry,agriculture Allegorical representation of a male worker and female peasant, symbolizing the socialist ideals of labor and agriculture in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This dual portrait design was characteristic of Yugoslav currency during the socialist period, emphasizing the unity of industrial workers and rural farmers as the foundation of the socialist state. The note is issued by the Narodna Banka Jugoslavije (National Bank of Yugoslavia) with text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts reflecting the multilingual nature of the federation. Date and place of issue shown as 'Beograd - Beograd / Belgrad' dated 12.VIII.1978. Central denomination rosette displaying '100 STO DINARJEV / STO DINARA / СТО ДИНАРИ' with the full name of the issuing state 'SOCIJALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) in Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The design emphasizes the multinational character of Yugoslavia through trilingual denomination expressions (Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian Latin, and Serbian Cyrillic). Legal tender clause visible at bottom in multiple languages. This 50 dinar note belongs to the 1978 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the socialist era under Josip Broz Tito's leadership. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1992) comprised six republics, and its currency reflected this diversity through multilingual text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The 1978 series remained in circulation through the 1980s until hyperinflation in the late 1980s led to currency reforms. The denomination discrepancy (note shows '50 DINARA' on front but '100 STO DINARA' on back) indicates this is a mismatched pair - the front is from a 50 dinar note (P-89) while the back appears to be from a 100 dinar note (P-90). The allegorical worker-peasant imagery was standard socialist iconography emphasizing the worker-peasant alliance as the foundation of the socialist state. The Zavod za izradu novčanica in Belgrade was the state printing works responsible for Yugoslav banknote production. 89a sr,sl,hr AE 5209322 XF Note appears to have light circulation with good color retention and minor handling marks


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 100 1981 Issue 1981 National Bank of Yugoslavia Governor: signature visible; Deputy Governor: signature visible Zavod za izradu novčanica (Banknote Printing Works), Belgrade Allegorical figures representing labor Denomination rosette design labor,industry,socialist,allegorical Allegorical composition depicting a male worker and female peasant in Socialist Realist style, representing the unity of industrial workers and agricultural laborers in Socialist Yugoslavia. The figures symbolize the working class foundation of the Socialist Federal Republic. This iconographic motif was standard on Yugoslav banknotes during the socialist era, emphasizing the state ideology of workers' solidarity and collective labor. The note is trilingual, reflecting Yugoslavia's multinational character with Cyrillic, Latin, and Macedonian Cyrillic scripts. Geometric denomination design with ornamental rosette at center displaying '500' within elaborate guilloche patterns and lathe-work borders. The reverse emphasizes the federal structure with the full name of the state repeated in Latin and Cyrillic scripts: 'Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). Security text at bottom warns of punishment for counterfeiting according to law. The symmetrical design with repeated denominations in corners follows standard socialist-era Yugoslav banknote formatting. This note belongs to the 1981 issue series of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ), printed by the state banknote works in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica). The date '4.XI.1981.' indicates November 4, 1981 as the issue date. The serial number CF 0047122 follows the standard Yugoslav format with two-letter prefix. This series circulated during the final decade of Socialist Yugoslavia, before the country's dissolution began in 1991. The 100 dinara denomination was a mid-range value during this period. The note features trilingual text (Serbo-Croatian in both Cyrillic and Latin scripts, plus Macedonian Cyrillic) reflecting the federal structure and equality of Yugoslav nations and nationalities. This series was withdrawn with the 1990 currency reform during hyperinflation and is now demonetized. 90a sr,hr,mk,sl CF 0047122 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible handling marks and slight soiling but retains good color and detail


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav dinar 500 dinara 1978-1981 series 1981 Narodna Banka Jugoslavije Guverner: (signature illegible); Zamjenik Guvernera: (signature illegible) Zavod za izradu novčanica, Beograd Yugoslav woman in traditional folk costume indigenous_culture A woman in traditional Yugoslav folk costume with distinctive headwear, representing the cultural heritage of the South Slavic peoples. The figure symbolizes the unity and diversity of Yugoslavia's constituent republics and ethnic groups during the socialist federal period. The note displays trilingual text in Latin and Cyrillic scripts (Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovenian), reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual character. Dated 4. XI 1981 (November 4, 1981) and issued in Belgrade (Beograd). Geometric guilloche patterns and rosettes in the center with denomination 1000 dinara prominently displayed. The text 'Socijalističка Federativna Republika Jugoslavija' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) appears in multiple scripts. The reverse design features intricate anti-counterfeiting guilloche work typical of Yugoslav banknotes of this era, with denominations repeated in the corners and multilingual inscriptions. This note belongs to the 1978-1981 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the final decade of Josip Broz Tito's rule and the early 1980s period following his death in 1980. The series was printed at the state printing works in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica). The use of traditional folk costume imagery was a deliberate choice to represent Yugoslav unity through cultural heritage rather than political figures. The 500 dinar denomination was a mid-value note during this period of moderate inflation. The note displays signatures of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the National Bank. This series was replaced during the hyperinflationary period of the late 1980s and early 1990s that preceded Yugoslavia's dissolution. The note was demonetized in 1992 following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 92a sr,mk,sl BS1177393 VF Note shows typical circulation wear with visible creases and folds, slightly worn edges, but overall design remains clear and intact


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav dinar 1000 National Bank of Yugoslavia Zamjenik guvernera: (signature visible); Guverner: (signature visible) Young peasant woman Port of Rijeka agriculture,industry,transport Portrait of a young peasant woman representing the working people of Yugoslavia, a recurring motif on Yugoslav banknotes symbolizing the socialist ideal of labor and agricultural productivity. The background depicts agricultural scenes with grape harvest, vineyards, a riverboat on the Danube, and rural landscapes, emphasizing Yugoslavia's agricultural economy. The note is trilingual (Serbian Cyrillic, Latin, and Macedonian Cyrillic) reflecting the multinational character of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Date printed: 4.XI.1981 (November 4, 1981), issued under the governorship during the post-Tito period. Port of Rijeka (Rijeka Harbor), Yugoslavia's principal seaport on the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. The scene shows cargo ships, cranes, and port infrastructure, symbolizing Yugoslavia's maritime trade and industrial capacity. Rijeka was the largest cargo port in Yugoslavia and a vital gateway for the country's exports and imports during the socialist era. Date printed: 19.XII.1974 (December 19, 1974), indicating this is an earlier plate design still in use for the 1981 printing. This 1000 dinara note was issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia on November 4, 1981, during the period following Josip Broz Tito's death in May 1980. The note belongs to a series issued between 1978 and 1981, characterized by themes of labor, agriculture, and industry reflecting socialist Yugoslavia's economic priorities. The trilingual inscriptions (Serbian Cyrillic, Latin script, and Macedonian Cyrillic) represent the country's complex federal structure comprising six republics and two autonomous provinces. The back plate is dated December 19, 1974, indicating reuse of earlier printing plates. Yugoslavia experienced increasing inflation throughout the 1980s, and the dinar underwent several reforms before the country's dissolution in 1992. This note was demonetized following the breakup of Yugoslavia and the establishment of successor states with independent currencies. 92c sr,mk DV2112995 VF Note shows moderate circulation wear with visible creases and slight discoloration. Paper integrity intact with no tears.


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 20 Dinara (front) / 100 Dinara (back) Narodna Banka Jugoslavije Viceguverner; Guverner Zavod za izradu novcanica, Beograd The Horses of Lysippos sculpture statesman,architecture This note displays the denomination '20 Dinara' in ornate guilloche design with the text 'SOCIJALISTICKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) in Latin, Cyrillic, and Slovenian scripts. The denomination appears four times in different languages reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual character: Serbian, Croatian/Bosnian, Slovenian, and Macedonian. The elaborate security printing includes rosettes and geometric patterns typical of socialist-era Yugoslav currency. The Horses of Lysippos (Horses of Saint Mark), a famous quadriga sculpture originally created by Greek sculptor Lysippos in the 4th century BCE. These bronze horses have stood atop St Mark's Basilica in Venice since the 13th century and are among the most celebrated examples of classical sculpture. The denomination shown on the reverse is '100 Dinara', issued by Narodna Banka Jugoslavije (National Bank of Yugoslavia). The date printed is 'XVII 1965', indicating the note was issued in 1965. Signatures of the Vice-Governor and Governor are present, printed in Belgrade. This note presents a significant mismatch between front and back images. The front shows a 20 Dinara design while the back shows 100 Dinara dated 1965. The 100 Dinara reverse from 1965 is a well-documented issue (Pick #80) from the SFR Yugoslavia series issued during the Tito era, featuring the Horses of Saint Mark. The multilingual inscriptions reflect Yugoslavia's federal structure with six republics and multiple official languages. This currency series was part of the post-WWII Yugoslav dinar that circulated until various reforms in the 1990s following the country's dissolution. The visible date 'XVII 1965' on the back indicates this specific 100 Dinara note was issued in 1965. Without a clear match between front and back, attribution of the 20 Dinara front is uncertain. sr,hr,sl,mk LR187191 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creasing and edge wear. Paper integrity appears intact with no tears visible.


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  Yugoslavia YUD 100 1978 issue 1978 National Bank of Yugoslavia Governor: Dragan Janjović; Deputy Governor: Kosarac Industrial harbor scene with cargo ship and port cranes industry,transport,architecture The front of this 100 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia features a geometric design with the central denomination '100' in an ornate circular guilloche pattern. The text 'STO DINARA / STO DINARJEV / СТО ДИНАРИ' appears in trilingual format (Serbo-Croatian Latin, Slovenian, and Cyrillic), reflecting Yugoslavia's multilingual federal structure. A warning about counterfeiting punishment appears at the bottom in three scripts. The note emphasizes Yugoslavia's socialist identity through repeated inscriptions of 'SOCIJALISTIČKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' in Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Industrial harbor scene depicting a cargo vessel moored at a port facility with large loading cranes, representing Yugoslavia's industrial and maritime economy during the socialist period. The scene symbolizes the country's focus on heavy industry, international trade, and economic development. The issuing authority 'Narodna Banka Jugoslavije' (National Bank of Yugoslavia) appears in three scripts (Cyrillic, Latin, Macedonian Cyrillic). The note is dated '1.VIII.1978' (1 August 1978) in Belgrade, the federal capital. This 100 Dinara note belongs to the 1978 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the Socialist Federal Republic period (1945-1992). The SFRY Dinar was the official currency of Yugoslavia throughout most of the Cold War era. This series was issued during Tito's final years (he died in 1980) and continued in circulation through the 1980s. The note's design reflects Yugoslav socialist ideology and the country's multilingual, multi-ethnic federal structure, with inscriptions in Latin and Cyrillic scripts representing the six constituent republics. The 1978 series was eventually replaced during Yugoslavia's economic crisis and hyperinflation of the late 1980s, leading to multiple currency reforms in 1990 and beyond. Pick catalogue reference P-90 is well-documented for this denomination and design. 90 sh,sl,mk DA6618975 VG Circulated note with visible center fold, wear, staining, and minor edge damage. Some color fading and soiling evident throughout.


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 20 Dinara Hyperinflation series 1992 National Bank of Yugoslavia Guverner: signature visible (name illegible) Zavod za Izradu Novčanica (Banknote Printing Works), Belgrade Decorative geometric pattern with overprinted denomination commemorative Yugoslav 20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, printed in purple ink with trilingual text (Serbo-Croatian in Latin, Cyrillic, and Slovene scripts). The note features ornate guilloche patterns and denominational text in the three official scripts of Yugoslavia. This note is from the final hyperinflation period of Yugoslavia (1992–1994), when the country was disintegrating. The denomination '20' appears in the corners with text reading 'DVADESET DINARA' (twenty dinars) in various language variants. The reverse features a geometric decorative pattern in orange-brown tones with a large overprint reading '10000' and 'DESET HILJADA DINARA' (ten thousand dinars). The text 'BEOGRAD 1992' (Belgrade 1992) appears at bottom left, along with a signature line for 'GUVERNER' (Governor). This overprint was applied during Yugoslavia's hyperinflation crisis when the original 20 Dinara note was revalued to 10,000 Dinara, a 500-fold increase reflecting the catastrophic inflation rate. This is a 20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia overprinted with '10000' denomination during the Yugoslav hyperinflation of 1992–1994, one of the worst hyperinflations in history. As the country disintegrated amid civil war, the National Bank resorted to overprinting existing lower-denomination notes to create higher values rather than printing entirely new notes. The note shows '1992' printed on the back, confirming the year of issue. This practice of revalidation was common during the hyperinflation period when monthly inflation rates reached astronomical levels. The note was demonetized in January 1994 when the 'super dinar' reform attempted to stabilize the currency. The trilingual printing reflects Yugoslavia's official policy of representing its major constituent republics. Pick catalog P-113a documents this specific overprint variety. These hyperinflation notes are historically significant as artifacts of economic collapse and are relatively common in the collector market due to the massive quantities printed. P-113a sr,sl,hr VF Well-circulated note with multiple folds, creases, and wear consistent with heavy use during hyperinflation period. Some staining and edge wear visible.


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 10000 1992 hyperinflation series 1992 National Bank of Yugoslavia Governor: signature visible dated 1.XI 1981 Zavod za izradu novčanica i sastavni Narodne Banke Jugoslavije Young woman in national costume Agricultural harvest scene with combine harvester agriculture,youth,industry Young woman in traditional Yugoslav folk costume, representing the youth and agriculture of the nation. The design reflects the socialist-era emphasis on rural life and collective farming during the final years of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The note was issued during the severe hyperinflation crisis that preceded the breakup of Yugoslavia. Agricultural harvest scene featuring a combine harvester in wheat fields with workers gathering produce including corn, grapes, and other crops. This imagery symbolizes Yugoslavia's agricultural productivity and the importance of farming to the economy. The scene emphasizes the collective agricultural model promoted during the socialist period, though this note circulated during the country's economic collapse. This 10,000 dinar note belongs to the 1992 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during the catastrophic hyperinflation that accompanied the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The series was printed with a 1981 signature date but circulated from 1992 to 1993 as the dinar collapsed in value. Within months, denominations escalated into the millions and billions as Yugoslavia experienced one of the worst hyperinflations in history, second only to Hungary 1946. The note was demonetized on January 24, 1994, when the 1994 New Dinar replaced the old dinar at a rate of 1:1,000,000. This series is characterized by reused designs from earlier periods with updated denominations to meet the demands of rapidly escalating prices. Pick number P-116. 116 sr AA9802812 VF Light soiling and circulation wear visible, particularly at edges and corners. Some minor staining on reverse.


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  Yugoslavia YUD 5000000 Dinara Hyperinflation series 1993 Narodna Banka Jugoslavije Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla scientist,commemorative The front of this note bears ornate geometric guilloche patterns with the denomination 1000 in four corners and the central circular medallion displaying 1000. The text 'SOCIJALISTICKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA' appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. This is the obverse of a 1000 Dinar note that was later overprinted with 5000000 (5 million) denomination during Yugoslavia's extreme hyperinflation period of 1993, when inflation reached astronomical rates and the National Bank was forced to repeatedly overprint existing low-denomination notes with exponentially higher values rather than print entirely new designs. Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Tesla was born in Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia), and his work revolutionized electrical power generation and distribution. He is one of the most celebrated figures in Serbian and Yugoslav cultural heritage, appearing on multiple Yugoslav and Serbian banknote series. The note displays the overprinted denomination of 5000000 DINARA and includes the serial number AA 4347908. This note represents one of the most extreme episodes of hyperinflation in monetary history. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) began disintegrating in 1991–1992, and by 1993 the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was experiencing hyperinflation that peaked at approximately 313 million percent per month in January 1994. The Narodna Banka Jugoslavije resorted to overprinting existing lower-denomination notes with exponentially higher values—this 1000 Dinar note was overprinted to become 5,000,000 Dinara. The 1993 hyperinflation series included denominations up to 500 billion Dinara by December 1993. The currency collapsed completely by January 1994, when the 'super dinar' reform introduced a new dinar at a rate of 1:10,000,000 (ten million old dinara). The hyperinflation was driven by war costs from the Yugoslav Wars, international sanctions, and the complete breakdown of economic institutions. Pick #136 documents this specific overprint issue. Designer D. Andrić is credited on both sides. 136 sr AA 4347908 F Note shows significant circulation with multiple vertical and horizontal folds, edge wear, and general soiling consistent with heavy use during hyperinflation period.


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav Dinar 5000000 Hyperinflation series 1993 National Bank of Yugoslavia Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible Nikola Tesla monument statue Young woman with traditional Serbian jewelry scientist,industry,indigenous_culture Nikola Tesla monument statue, depicting the Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer (1856–1943) who pioneered alternating current electricity systems. The monument shows Tesla in traditional Serbian dress with an Orthodox cross visible on his chest. Behind the statue is a depiction of the Đerdap I hydroelectric power station (Iron Gate I) on the Danube River, one of Europe's largest power plants, completed in 1972 as a joint Yugoslav-Romanian project. This note was issued during Yugoslavia's catastrophic hyperinflation period when the dinar lost value at an astronomical rate. Portrait of a young Serbian woman wearing traditional folk costume and jewelry, representing Yugoslav cultural heritage. The woman wears an ornate necklace typical of Serbian traditional dress. The design emphasizes cultural identity during a period of severe economic crisis and impending national dissolution. Text reads 'NARODNA BANKA JUGOSLAVIJE' (National Bank of Yugoslavia) with denomination '100 DINARA' overprinted on the existing 5,000,000 note. This is a critically important hyperinflation note from the final years of Yugoslavia. Printed in Belgrade in 1993 and dated 'BEOGRAD 1993', it belongs to the series issued during one of history's worst hyperinflations. The 5,000,000 dinar denomination itself indicates extreme currency devaluation. What makes this specimen particularly significant is the '100' overprint visible on the back — during 1993–1994, Yugoslavia went through multiple currency reforms attempting to stabilize the dinar, and existing high-denomination notes were sometimes overprinted with new values as emergency measures. The note shows 'FALSIFIKOVANIE SE KAŽNJAVA PO ZAKONU' (counterfeiting is punished by law) on the front. The hyperinflation peaked in January 1994 with monthly inflation reaching 313 million percent. The Yugoslav dinar was replaced on January 24, 1994, by a new dinar at a rate of 1 new dinar = 1,000,000,000 old dinars. This series represents the economic collapse that accompanied Yugoslavia's disintegration. Serial number visible: AH 6099593. P-133 sr AH 6099593 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creases, soiling, and wear consistent with use during hyperinflation. Center fold visible. Edges show some fraying.


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  Yugoslavia YUD 100 1992 Reform Dinar Series 1992 National Bank of Yugoslavia Governor: Dragoslav Avramović Zavod za izradu novčanica i kovanog novca - Beograd agriculture Abstract design featuring stylized wheat sheaves representing Yugoslav agriculture. The note displays the denomination '100' and text in both Cyrillic (ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА) and Latin (JUGOSLAVIJA) scripts, reflecting the multi-ethnic nature of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The design is notably abstract compared to earlier Yugoslav issues, part of the emergency-style notes issued during the hyperinflationary period. Printed in Belgrade, 1992. This appears to be a mismatched image showing a 20 dinara note from the 1978 series featuring a Yugoslav port scene with cargo cranes and ships, representing industrial development. The note shows serial number CT 9262742 and is dated 12.VIII.1978. This is NOT the reverse of the 100 dinara 1992 note shown in the front image. The 100 dinara note from 1992 was issued by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) during the early stages of hyperinflation that would devastate the country's economy. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991-1992, the rump state experienced severe economic crisis due to international sanctions and war costs. This series was quickly superseded as inflation accelerated, leading to the famous 500 billion dinar notes by 1993. The July 1992 reform (1 new dinar = 10 old dinars) was the first of several redenominations. The note was printed at the Yugoslav Institute for Manufacturing Banknotes and Coins in Belgrade (Zavod za izradu novčanica i kovanog novca). P-112 sr,sh VG Significant circulation wear, multiple fold lines, some discoloration and staining visible. Paper shows handling marks throughout.


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  Yugoslavia Yugoslav dinar 20 dinara Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 20 Dinara note from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The denomination '20' appears prominently in the center within an ornate guilloche pattern. The value is written in multiple languages of the constituent republics: Serbian (Двадесет Динара), Slovenian (Dvajset Dinarjev), Croatian (Dvadeset Dinara), and Macedonian (Дваесет Динари). The circular text around the central numeral lists the six constituent republics. Designer credit 'M. Petrović fec.' and engraver credit 'D. Matić sc.' appear at bottom. 100 Kwacha note from the Bank of Zambia, dated 2006. Features the African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, perched on a branch with palm trees in the background. The fish eagle appears on Zambia's coat of arms and is a symbol of the nation's freedom and strength. The coat of arms appears at lower left with the motto 'One Zambia One Nation' and the date 2006. MISMATCHED PAIR: The front image shows a Yugoslav 20 Dinara note from the 1974-1981 series issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia (Narodna Banka Jugoslavije) during the SFRY period. The back image shows a completely different note - a Zambian 100 Kwacha from 2006. These are not the same banknote. The Yugoslav note belongs to the socialist-era dinar series used until Yugoslavia's dissolution in the 1990s. The Zambian kwacha note is from the 'bird series' featuring Zambia's national bird. sr,hr,bs unknown Cannot assess - mismatched pair of different banknotes from different countries


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  Zambia ZMK 50 Kwacha Bank of Zambia Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire Kenneth Kaunda Victoria Falls statesman,wildlife,architecture Victoria Falls (Mosi-oa-Tunya, 'The Smoke that Thunders'), one of the world's largest waterfalls on the Zambezi River at the Zambia-Zimbabwe border. A major natural landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site, the falls span over 1,700 meters wide and drop up to 108 meters. The note features an African buffalo at left and a statue representing Zambian independence and national unity at right. The inscription 'BANK OF ZAMBIA' appears prominently, with denomination '100 KWACHA' and 'ONE HUNDRED KWACHA' in English. Kenneth Kaunda (1924-2021), first President of independent Zambia serving from 1964 to 1991, a founding father of the nation and prominent leader in the Pan-African movement and anti-colonial struggle. Portrait at right. At left, an African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, depicted in its characteristic pose. Center shows the national coat of arms with two figures holding tools flanking a shield, representing workers and national development. The note features denomination 'FIFTY KWACHA' with governor signature and serial number. This 50 Kwacha note belongs to the first Kwacha series issued by the Bank of Zambia after the currency was introduced in 1968, replacing the Zambian Pound at par. The series from the mid-to-late 1980s featured Kenneth Kaunda, who led Zambia from independence in 1964 through the period of one-party rule until 1991. This note was printed by François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire, a major French security printer. The Kwacha underwent significant devaluation during the 1980s due to economic challenges from falling copper prices and structural adjustment. This denomination was demonetized during the 1991-1992 currency reforms when Zambia transitioned to multi-party democracy. The design emphasizes Zambian national symbols: Victoria Falls (a major tourist attraction and natural wonder shared with Zimbabwe), the fish eagle (national bird), and imagery celebrating independence and development. Pick catalogue reference P-28. 28 en E/5 331915 VF Note appears to have light circulation wear, minor handling marks, good color retention, no significant tears or stains visible.


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  Zambia ZMK 50 Kwacha Bank of Zambia Governor: signature visible but name illegible Thomas De La Rue and Company Limited Kenneth Kaunda Mulungushi Hall statesman,architecture,wildlife,independence Mulungushi Hall in Lusaka, the national convention center of Zambia completed in 1965, which hosted the independence celebrations and has been the venue for major political and cultural events. The building is shown in its modernist architectural style with distinctive red tower and horizontal wings. At left is a statue depicting a freedom fighter raising broken chains aloft, symbolizing Zambia's liberation from colonial rule. Kenneth Kaunda (1924-2021), first President of Zambia from independence in 1964 to 1991, a founding father of the nation who led the United National Independence Party (UNIP) and the struggle against British colonial rule. The note also features the African Fish Eagle at left, Zambia's national bird and emblem, and a scene of agricultural workers at center representing the nation's farming economy. The Zambian coat of arms with motto 'One Zambia, One Nation' appears below the denomination. This 50 Kwacha note belongs to the second Kwacha series issued by the Bank of Zambia following independence. The Zambian Kwacha was introduced in 1968 to replace the Zambian Pound at a rate of 2 Kwacha = 1 Pound. This particular design series featuring Kenneth Kaunda was issued from 1986-1988 during a period of economic difficulty and hyperinflation. The serial number format with prefix '88/G' likely indicates a 1988 printing. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue, the British security printing company that produced notes for many Commonwealth nations. This first Kwacha (ZMK) was eventually replaced in 2013 by a redenominated new Kwacha (ZMW) at a rate of 1,000 old to 1 new due to accumulated inflation. 28a en 88/G098806 XF Note appears well-centered with good color and detail, minor handling evident


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  Zambia ZMK 10 Kwacha Bank of Zambia Governor: signature visible but name illegible Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited Kenneth Kaunda statesman,wildlife,education,agriculture,industry Education scene showing a mother and child studying together at a desk, with a modernist institutional building (likely a school or university) in the background. The building features clean lines and large windows characteristic of post-independence educational infrastructure development in Zambia. This imagery reflects the nation's emphasis on education and human capital development following independence in 1964. Kenneth Kaunda (1924–2021), first President of Zambia who led the country from independence in 1964 until 1991, serving as a key figure in African liberation movements and non-aligned politics during the Cold War. The reverse also features a Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Zambia's national bird, prominent along the Zambezi River and national symbol. The central vignette shows agricultural workers tending to crops with an aircraft overhead, symbolizing the modernization of Zambian agriculture and transport infrastructure. This note belongs to the 1989–1991 series issued by the Bank of Zambia during the final years of Kenneth Kaunda's presidency. The Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) was introduced in 1968 replacing the Zambian Pound at 2 Kwacha = 1 Pound. The serial number format '120/D 388396' indicates this is from a 1989–1991 printing run, with the prefix numerals and letter denoting the print series. This series was in circulation during a period of significant economic challenges including inflation and structural adjustment. The note was eventually demonetized when Zambia redenominated its currency in 2013, replacing 1000 old Kwacha (ZMK) with 1 new Kwacha (ZMW). The Fish Eagle watermark and modernist design elements are characteristic of this era of Zambian currency. Printed by Thomas De La Rue as indicated by the imprint at the bottom of the front. 31 en 120/D 388396 AU Note appears to have minimal circulation with crisp paper and strong colors, minor handling evident


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  Zambia ZMW 10 Kwacha (front) / 100 Dollars (back) Bank of Zambia Governor: [signature present but name illegible] Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited African buffalo wildlife,architecture The Bank of Zambia headquarters building in Lusaka, the central bank's modernist multi-story office complex that has served as the institution's seat since the post-independence era. The building represents the country's financial sovereignty and administrative infrastructure. The denomination reads '10 TEN KWACHA' with 'BANK OF ZAMBIA' inscribed at top. Printer attribution visible at bottom: 'THOMAS DE LA RUE & COMPANY, LIMITED.' African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of the 'Big Five' game animals of Africa and a species native to Zambian wildlife reserves and national parks including Kafue and South Luangwa. The buffalo appears with a calf in natural grassland habitat. The back carries the text 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' (repeated microprint security pattern), 'I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR THE RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE', with 'HARARE 2023' at bottom left, and denomination '100' at corners. This note presents a significant mismatch: the front is clearly a Zambian 10 Kwacha note issued by the Bank of Zambia (with Thomas De La Rue attribution), while the back is from a Zimbabwean 100 Dollar note issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe dated 2023 (Harare). These are two different banknotes from two different countries and currency systems photographed together. Zambia uses the Kwacha (ZMW) redenominated in 2013, while Zimbabwe reintroduced the Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL/ZiG) in 2019-2023 after years of using foreign currencies following hyperinflation. The pairing is physically impossible as a single legitimate banknote. The Zambian front follows traditional Bank of Zambia design showing their headquarters; the Zimbabwean back follows their 2019-2023 series wildlife theme featuring indigenous animals. en unknown Images show two different banknotes from different countries presented as front and back


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 100 Dollars / 10,000 Dollars Bearer Cheque Series 2006 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Bearer Cheque design wildlife,architecture,commemorative Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) at center with the iconic Zimbabwe Bird sculpture in the background. The baobab is one of Africa's most distinctive trees, living for thousands of years and serving as a symbol of African landscape and resilience. The Zimbabwe Bird is the national emblem, derived from soapstone sculptures found at the Great Zimbabwe ruins dating to the 11th–15th centuries. This note is printed with '100 ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS' denomination and serial number AM2587705. Bearer cheque format issued during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis. The back displays 'TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS' (10,000) with expiry date '31st July 2007' and issue date '1st August 2006'. Signed by Dr. Gideon Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (2003–2013), who oversaw the central bank during the worst hyperinflation in recorded history. The bearer cheque format allowed the Reserve Bank to issue temporary-validity notes to cope with rapidly escalating prices; these notes had to be revalidated or replaced frequently. Serial number AH4094929. This is a mismatched pair showing two different denominations from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation era. The front shows a 100 Dollar note (Third Zimbabwe Dollar, 2006 series, P-42, serial AM2587705) while the back shows a 10,000 Dollar bearer cheque (2006 bearer cheque series, P-46, serial AH4094929). Both were issued during the catastrophic hyperinflation of 2006–2008 under Governor Gideon Gono. The bearer cheque system was introduced as an emergency measure allowing the Reserve Bank to issue high-denomination notes with expiry dates to keep pace with hyperinflation that eventually reached 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year in November 2008. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) was redenominated on August 1, 2008 (dropping 10 zeros) to become the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar. All ZWD notes were demonetized on April 12, 2009 when Zimbabwe abandoned its currency and adopted foreign currencies including USD and ZAR. The 100 Dollar note features the baobab tree and Zimbabwe Bird, recurring motifs throughout Zimbabwe's banknote history representing the nation's natural heritage and ancient civilization. These notes are now common collectibles documenting one of history's most extreme cases of currency collapse. 42 en AM2587705 F Circulated note with visible creases, handling marks, and slight soiling. The back image shows staining and wear consistent with circulation during hyperinflation when notes changed hands rapidly.


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 5 Dollars 1997 Bearer Cheque Series 1997 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: signature visible but name not clearly legible Balancing Rocks formation (likely Epworth or Matopos) architecture,wildlife The Great Zimbabwe ruins, a medieval city built by the Shona people between the 11th and 15th centuries. The structure shown represents part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that gives Zimbabwe its name, symbolizing the nation's pre-colonial heritage and independence. The ruins feature distinctive dry-stone walls and were the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the country's Late Iron Age. Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks featuring precariously balanced granite boulders formed through millions of years of erosion. These rock formations appear throughout Zimbabwe and are featured on the national emblem. The back also depicts a sable antelope at right and the Zimbabwe Bird emblem, both national symbols. The text 'HARARE 1997' indicates the year and place of issue. This note belongs to the 1997 Bearer Cheque series issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, replacing the earlier Zimbabwe Dollar notes. Despite the denomination being labeled as 'FIVE DOLLARS' on the back, the front shows '10 000', indicating this is a revalidation or overprint note from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period. The back retains the original 5-dollar design while the front has been overprinted with 10,000. This practice became common during Zimbabwe's economic crisis (late 1990s-2008) when the Reserve Bank revalued existing notes to keep pace with hyperinflation. The note was printed during the governorship period in the late 1990s. The currency was eventually demonetized in April 2009 after hyperinflation rendered it worthless. Serial number BV3683015 uses the BV prefix typical of this series. 6 en BV3683015 F Note shows significant circulation wear, aging, and discoloration typical of hyperinflation-era Zimbabwean currency. Multiple creases and handling marks visible.


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 5 Dollars Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Jan van Riebeeck architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture The Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as the Epworth Balancing Rocks), a distinctive geological formation of balanced granite boulders located near Harare, Zimbabwe. These rocks are one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks and appear on multiple denominations of Zimbabwean currency as a national symbol. The front features stylized indigenous animals including elephants in the decorative border, with traditional geometric patterns in green, brown, and multicolor. Jan van Riebeeck (1619–1677), Dutch colonial administrator who founded the Cape Colony settlement in 1652, establishing the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. The back depicts a historical sailing ship scene representing early colonial maritime activity at the Cape of Good Hope. This note is a mismatched pair: the back is from a South African Reserve Bank 1 Pound note dated 8.5.59 (May 8, 1959), serial number B/o 282762, issued in Pretoria. The bilingual text 'SOUTH AFRICAN RESERVE BANK / SUID-AFRIKAANSE RESERWEBANK' and promise to pay in English and Afrikaans confirms this is a South African note, NOT the reverse of the Zimbabwean 5 Dollar front. CRITICAL MISMATCH: These images show two different banknotes from two different countries and eras. The front is a Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe 5 Dollar note featuring the Chiremba Balancing Rocks, likely from the 1990s or early 2000s Zimbabwe Dollar series (first or second dollar, before hyperinflation). The back is a South African Reserve Bank 1 Pound note from 1959, part of the pre-decimal South African pound series issued before the transition to the Rand in 1961. The South African pound was the currency of the Union of South Africa from 1910–1961. This appears to be either an error in image pairing or the two sides of different notes were photographed. Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) and South Africa are distinct countries with separate currencies and issuing authorities. The Zimbabwean Dollar underwent multiple series and redenominations, ultimately collapsing during hyperinflation (2007–2009) and being abandoned in 2009 in favor of multi-currency use. en,af B/o 282762 VF Note shows typical circulation wear with maintained detail.


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  South Africa South African Pound 1 Pound / 100 Dollars 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: (signature visible but name illegible) Balancing Rocks wildlife,architecture The front features the heraldic Zimbabwe Bird (Hungwe) holding a fasces or bundle of reeds — a stylized representation of the national symbol derived from soapstone bird sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe. The denomination appears as both 'ONE POUND' and 'EEN POND' (Afrikaans), with elaborate guilloche patterns framing the central motif. This note represents an unusual dual-denomination design combining historical British colonial pound nomenclature with contemporary Zimbabwean dollar valuation. Balancing Rocks formation, one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological features found in Matobo National Park near Bulawayo. These naturally balanced granite rock formations have become a symbol of Zimbabwe and appear on the country's currency and coat of arms. The denomination is expressed as '100 DOLLARS' with 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' as the issuer. The date 'HARARE 2020' appears at bottom left, indicating the year and place of issue. This is a highly unusual and problematic note. The front displays '1 POUND' (in English and Afrikaans 'EEN POND'), suggesting either a colonial-era Rhodesian design or a fantasy/commemorative piece, while the back clearly shows '100 DOLLARS' issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe dated 2020. The two sides appear fundamentally incompatible: the pound sterling has not been Zimbabwe's currency since Rhodesia became Zimbabwe in 1980, and no legitimate 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issue would reference pounds. This mismatch strongly suggests either: (1) a novelty/fantasy note combining historical and modern elements, (2) a commemorative piece not intended for circulation, or (3) mismatched images of two different notes. Zimbabwe reintroduced the Zimbabwean dollar in 2019 after years of using foreign currencies following hyperinflation (2008–2009) that demonetized previous dollar series. Legitimate 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe notes exist, but none carry pound denominations. Without additional authentication, this piece cannot be catalogued as a standard circulating issue. en,af F Note shows significant circulation wear with center fold, creasing, and general handling marks. Paper discoloration evident.


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 100 Fourth Dollar series 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: (signature visible but name illegible) Balancing Rocks indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture A baobab tree (Adansonia digitata), one of Africa's most iconic trees, known for its massive trunk and longevity of over 1,000 years. The baobab is culturally significant throughout southern Africa as a symbol of life, resilience, and community gathering places. Three Zimbabwe Birds appear at left, the national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, representing the country's heritage and sovereignty. Balancing Rocks (also known as the Chiremba Balancing Rocks), a natural granite formation located near Harare and Epworth that has become one of Zimbabwe's most recognizable geological landmarks. These precarious rock formations appear on Zimbabwe's coat of arms and symbolize the delicate balance of development. Three Zimbabwe Birds appear at right as decorative elements echoing the national emblem. This note belongs to the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL) series, reintroduced in June 2019 after a decade-long suspension of the local currency (2009–2019) during which Zimbabwe used a multi-currency system dominated by US dollars. The return of the Zimbabwe dollar followed a period of bond notes and RTGS dollars. The 2020 series represents the Reserve Bank's attempt to restore monetary sovereignty amid ongoing economic challenges. The date 'HARARE 2020' appears printed on the back, indicating this specific printing. Zimbabwe has experienced multiple currency reforms due to hyperinflation episodes, with previous dollar iterations abandoned in 2009. The current series features natural landmarks and indigenous symbols rather than political figures, reflecting a shift in national iconography. New-100 en AK4904399 UNC


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 50 Fourth Dollar Series 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: John Mangudya Chiremba Balancing Rocks military,indigenous_culture,architecture The Heroes' Acre monument in Harare, a national shrine dedicated to Zimbabwean liberation fighters who died in the First and Second Chimurenga wars of independence. The monument, designed by North Korean architects and completed in 1981, features bronze statues of armed guerrilla fighters in various poses. A profile portrait of an unnamed young Zimbabwean appears at right, symbolizing the nation's youth and future. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem, derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe, appears at upper left. The Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as Epworth Balancing Rocks) near Harare, a distinctive geological formation of granite boulders naturally balanced atop one another. These rocks are a national symbol of Zimbabwe representing the delicate balance needed in environmental and economic matters, and appear on Zimbabwean banknotes and previously on the former Zimbabwean dollar coins. The formation is protected as a national monument. MISMATCHED PAIR: The front shows a 50 Dollar note while the back shows a 20 Dollar note from the same series. Both notes are from Zimbabwe's fourth dollar series introduced in 2019 following the reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar after a decade of dollarization. This series was issued during severe hyperinflation, with denominations rapidly escalating. The 2020 date visible on the back indicates the print year. The series features national monuments and symbols emphasizing Zimbabwean heritage and independence. P-105 en AG4013766 UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 20 Dollars Fourth Dollar series 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: John Mangudya Balancing Rocks formation wildlife,architecture,indigenous_culture African elephant (Loxodonta africana), the largest land mammal, depicted at center with trunk raised. Elephants are a significant part of Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage and tourism economy, with major populations in Hwange National Park and along the Zambezi Valley. The note features the Zimbabwe Bird at left, the national emblem derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins. The design emphasizes Zimbabwe's natural heritage following the hyperinflation era and currency reforms of the 2000s–2010s. The Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological formations located in Epworth, near Harare. These granite boulder formations, created by millions of years of erosion, are balanced in seemingly precarious arrangements and have become a national symbol, previously appearing on Zimbabwean currency and featured prominently in the country's geological and tourism identity. The back design also incorporates the Zimbabwe Bird emblem at upper right. This note belongs to Zimbabwe's Fourth Dollar (ZWL) series, reintroduced in June 2019 after a decade-long suspension of the national currency following catastrophic hyperinflation (2007–2009) that peaked at 89.7 sextillion percent. During the interim period (2009–2019), Zimbabwe used a multi-currency system dominated by US dollars, South African rand, and other foreign currencies, then Bond notes and RTGS dollars. The date 'HARARE 2020' printed on the back indicates this specific note was issued in 2020 as part of the currency stabilization efforts under Governor John Mangudya's tenure (2014–present). The serial number prefix 'AC' represents the block/series identifier for this print run. The Fourth Dollar has struggled with renewed inflation but remains legal tender as of 2024. NEW en AC0108710 UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 10 Fourth Dollar Series 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: John Mangudya Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building, Harare; Cape buffalo herd wildlife,architecture The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare, a modernist high-rise tower that serves as the central bank's main office. In the foreground, a herd of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of Africa's Big Five game animals and native to Zimbabwe's wildlife reserves. The Zimbabwe Bird, the national emblem derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, appears in the upper left corner. The Balancing Rocks of Epworth, a distinctive granite rock formation located near Harare. These geological formations, created through millions of years of weathering, have become a symbol of Zimbabwe and represent the delicate balance needed in economic and environmental matters. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem appears at right. MISMATCHED PAIR WARNING: The front image shows a 10 Dollar note while the back image shows a 5 Dollar note dated 'HARARE 2019'. These are two different banknotes from the same series. The Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar was introduced in February 2019 after the collapse of the bond note system. This series replaced the failed RTGS dollar and bond notes, representing Zimbabwe's fourth attempt at establishing a stable local currency after the abandonment of the original Zimbabwe dollar in 2009 due to hyperinflation. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor John Mangudya, issued these notes featuring indigenous wildlife and national landmarks rather than political figures. P-103 en AL6554223 UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible folds or wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 5 RTGS Dollar series 2019 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: John Mangudya African elephants wildlife,architecture Victoria Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls located on the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major symbol of Zimbabwe's natural heritage, known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya ('The Smoke That Thunders'). The front features tropical vegetation including palm trees and other indigenous flora native to the falls region. African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in their natural habitat with acacia trees, representing Zimbabwe's rich wildlife heritage. The elephant is the largest living land animal and a keystone species in African ecosystems; Zimbabwe is home to significant elephant populations in national parks such as Hwange. The denomination '2' visible on the back indicates this is a mismatched pair, as the front shows a 5 dollar note. This note belongs to the short-lived RTGS Dollar series introduced in February 2019 when Zimbabwe formally abandoned its multi-currency system and reintroduced a domestic currency. The RTGS Dollar (Real-Time Gross Settlement Dollar) was the transitional currency that replaced bond notes at par. The printer 'HARARE 2019' indicates local printing. This series was replaced in June 2019 when the RTGS Dollar was redenominated and renamed the Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL), ending the legal tender status of these notes after only four months of circulation. The series represents Zimbabwe's attempt to stabilize its economy after years of hyperinflation and dollarization. Serial prefix 'AD' is consistent with documented prefix ranges for the 2019 RTGS series. en AD8473444 UNC


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 2 Dollars Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Rhinos architecture,wildlife This note displays the Kopje Fountain and State House (formerly Government House) in Harare. The Kopje Fountain, located at the base of the Kopje hill in central Harare, is a notable civic landmark. State House serves as the official residence of the President of Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Bird emblem appears at left, representing the soapstone bird sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins, adopted as the national emblem at independence in 1980. White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) adult and calf, representing Southern African wildlife. The white rhinoceros is native to the region and is a conservation priority species. This depicts the iconic Big Five wildlife of Southern Africa commonly featured on the region's banknotes. CRITICAL NOTE: These two images are NOT from the same banknote. The front image shows a Zimbabwe 2 Dollars note from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's post-2019 RTGS dollar series, while the back image shows a South African 10 Rand note from the South African Reserve Bank's 'Big Five' series introduced in 2012. The Zimbabwe note features local landmarks while the South African note features indigenous wildlife. These are mismatched images from two completely different countries' currencies. en,af,zu AJ1185088 UNC Both notes appear uncirculated with crisp paper and sharp corners, though they are from different countries


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 20000000000 Third Dollar hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks) architecture,indigenous_culture This note bears the national coat of arms of Zimbabwe at upper left, featuring the Zimbabwe Bird, a pickaxe and hoe crossed below a torse, and the motto "Unity Freedom Work". The front displays the denomination "10 RAND" from a South African Reserve Bank note that appears to have been erroneously paired with this Zimbabwean reverse. The South African note features Nelson Mandela (1918–2013), anti-apartheid revolutionary and first democratically elected President of South Africa (1994–1999), honored on South African currency since 2012. Chiremba Balancing Rocks (also known as Epworth Balancing Rocks), a natural geological formation of precariously stacked granite boulders located near Harare, Zimbabwe. These rocks have become an iconic national symbol, representing stability and balance, and appear on various Zimbabwean banknotes and the old Zimbabwean dollar coins. The rocks are part of Zimbabwe's rich geological heritage of granite kopjes formed over millions of years through weathering and erosion. This appears to be a mismatched pair: the front shows a South African Reserve Bank 10 Rand note from the Nelson Mandela series (introduced 2012–2013, still in circulation), while the back shows a Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe 20 Billion Dollar note from 2008. The Zimbabwean note was issued during the peak of Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation (2007–2008), when the country experienced one of the worst cases of hyperinflation in recorded history, with inflation rates reaching billions of percent per year. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL, August 2008–February 2009) saw denominations escalate from millions to trillions within months. Signed by Dr. Gideon Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003–2013, who presided over the printing of increasingly large denominations in a futile attempt to keep pace with inflation. The currency was officially demonetized in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system. These hyperinflation notes are now collectible reminders of economic collapse. The P-86 20 Billion Dollar note is readily available on the collector market given the massive quantities printed. 86 en AA5668377 UNC Both notes appear uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 10000000000 Third Dollar hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Fidelity Printers and Refiners (Harare) Balancing rocks formation indigenous_culture, architecture, agriculture The Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation near Harare and Epworth that appears on Zimbabwe's coat of arms and has been a national symbol since independence. The rocks represent the need for balanced development and are one of Zimbabwe's most iconic landmarks. The front also features traditional African geometric patterns and palm trees, symbolizing Zimbabwe's natural beauty and agricultural heritage. Three balancing rocks stacked naturally, representing the Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation. These granite rock formations are a distinctive geological feature of Zimbabwe's landscape and have become a powerful national symbol representing stability, balance, and the delicate equilibrium of nature. The signature 'Dr. G. Gono Governor' appears at bottom, along with the date 'HARARE 2008' and serial number prefix 'AA 91739920'. This 10 Billion Dollar note was issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period of 2007–2008, which peaked at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month in November 2008. The Third Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL, redenominated August 2008 at 10^10:1 from the Second Dollar) was itself abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe suspended its currency and adopted a multi-currency system dominated by the US Dollar and South African Rand. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw the Reserve Bank during this period (2003–2013). The note was printed in Harare by Fidelity Printers and Refiners. The serial prefix 'AA' indicates early production in the series. This denomination represents one of the most extreme examples of hyperinflation in modern economic history, comparable only to Hungary 1946 and Weimar Germany 1923. Despite the enormous face value, at issue this note could buy only basic groceries for a day or two. The note is now demonetized and has no legal tender value, though it remains popular with collectors as a historical artifact of hyperinflation. 85 en AA91739920 UNC


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 10000000000 Hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Giesecke+Devrient Balancing Rocks (Epworth or Matopos formation) agriculture,industry Agricultural and industrial scenes representing Zimbabwe's economy: left panel shows harvesting of crops (likely cotton or tobacco) with basket, right panel depicts a weaver or craftsperson working at a loom or traditional craft station. These motifs symbolize the agricultural base and artisan industry that were central to Zimbabwe's economy before the hyperinflation crisis. The imagery reflects the government's attempt to maintain normalcy and economic optimism during the period of catastrophic currency collapse. Balancing Rocks (also known as balanced rocks or kopjes), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural geological formations found at sites including Epworth near Harare and the Matopos Hills. These precariously stacked granite boulders are a symbol of Zimbabwe's unique landscape and have appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the Rhodesian era. The formation represents natural balance and stability—an ironic symbol given the hyperinflationary context of this note's issuance. This 10 billion dollar note was issued in 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst currency collapses in recorded history. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor Gideon Gono (who served 2003–2013), issued increasingly large denominations as inflation spiraled out of control, reaching an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month by mid-November 2008. The note is dated 'HARARE 2008' on the back. This particular denomination represents the third redenomination (the second dollar, ZWD): 1 new dollar = 10 billion old dollars. The currency was eventually abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using the US dollar, South African rand, and other foreign currencies. The serial prefix 'AA' indicates an early print run within this denomination. Despite the astronomical face value, these notes had virtually no purchasing power even when issued—by late 2008, this note might have bought a loaf of bread or a few eggs. Today these hyperinflation notes are widely collected as historical artifacts documenting economic collapse. Dr. Gideon Gono's signature appears on all notes from this era. P-85 en AA42890061 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp paper and sharp corners, typical of notes that circulated minimally due to rapid currency devaluation.


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 10000000000000 Third Dollar hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Fidelity Printers and Refiners (Harare) Balancing Rocks formation agriculture, wildlife, indigenous_culture Agricultural and wildlife imagery representing Zimbabwe's economy: at left, a traditional fish trap (chirundu) used in subsistence fishing along rivers such as the Zambezi; at right, an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), one of Africa's Big Five game animals, standing in grassland. These motifs symbolize Zimbabwe's reliance on both agriculture and natural resources during the period of economic crisis and hyperinflation that saw the Reserve Bank issue banknotes reaching into the trillions of dollars. Balancing Rocks formation (also known as the Balancing Stones or Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic natural landmarks found in Epworth and Matobo Hills. These granite formations are a national symbol appearing on Zimbabwe's currency and coat of arms, representing stability and endurance. The rocks are a product of millions of years of erosion and have cultural significance to the indigenous Shona people, also serving as a key tourist attraction and symbol of Zimbabwe's geological heritage. This 10 trillion dollar note was issued in 2008 during the catastrophic Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–2009), when inflation reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month by mid-November 2008. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, under Governor Gideon Gono, issued increasingly large denominations culminating in the 100 trillion dollar note in 2009. The Third Zimbabwean Dollar (ZWL, code 932) was introduced on August 1, 2008, at a rate of 10 billion Second Dollars to 1 Third Dollar. Despite redenominations, hyperinflation continued unabated, driven by land reform policies, loss of agricultural production, government deficit spending, and loss of confidence. The currency was officially demonetized on April 12, 2009, when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using primarily USD, South African rand, and other stable foreign currencies. These hyperinflation notes are now widely collected as historical artifacts of economic collapse. The note was printed domestically by Fidelity Printers and Refiners in Harare. The signature of Dr. Gideon Gono, who served as Governor from 2003 to 2013, appears on all notes from this era. P-85 en AA0898338 UNC


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  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar, ZWL) 50 Dollars 2019-2020 bearer cheque series 2020 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: signature visible but name illegible Balancing Rocks formation architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare, a modernist high-rise tower that serves as the central banking authority for Zimbabwe. The building features distinctive vertical architectural elements and represents the nation's financial infrastructure. The front also displays the denomination '10,000,000,000,000' (10 trillion) as an overprint, reflecting the hyperinflationary period. The Zimbabwe Bird, a national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe, appears as a watermark and decorative element. Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks), one of Zimbabwe's most iconic geological formations located near Harare and Epworth. These naturally balanced granite boulders have become a symbol of Zimbabwe, representing stability and balance, and appear on the national currency and coat of arms. The formation consists of several large boulders precariously balanced on top of each other, created by erosion over millions of years. The back also features traditional Zimbabwean basket-weave patterns and the Zimbabwe Bird national emblem. The date 'HARARE 2020' is printed at the lower left. This note is from Zimbabwe's 2019–2020 series of bearer cheques/bond notes, issued during a period of renewed currency instability. The front bears a '10,000,000,000,000' (10 trillion) overprint, though the actual denomination is 50 dollars as printed on the back. This reflects Zimbabwe's complex monetary history: after the catastrophic hyperinflation of 2008–2009 (which produced the famous 100 trillion dollar notes), Zimbabwe abandoned its currency and used foreign currencies (primarily USD) from 2009–2019. In 2019, the RTGS Dollar was introduced, followed by the reintroduction of the Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar, ZWL) in June 2019. This 2020 series represented a brief attempt to maintain a domestic currency, but by June 24, 2020, the notes were effectively withdrawn from active circulation as the country continued to struggle with inflation and currency instability. The overprint of '10 trillion' on a 50 dollar note may indicate an emergency revaluation or represent a transitional issue. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe building and Balancing Rocks are consistent iconography across multiple Zimbabwean currency series, symbolizing institutional authority and national identity. en UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 50 Dollars (front) / 100 Dollars (back) Bearer Cheque series 2006 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Baobab tree and rural landscape with traditional granaries wildlife,agriculture,indigenous_culture,architecture Family scene depicting traditional Zimbabwean life with mother and child in rural setting. This note belongs to the hyperinflation-era bearer cheque series issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe during the economic crisis of the mid-2000s when inflation rendered conventional currency denominations obsolete almost immediately upon issue. Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) in African savanna landscape with traditional grain storage structures (granaries) visible in the background. The baobab, known as the 'tree of life,' is an iconic symbol of Zimbabwe and southern Africa, and the scene represents the country's agricultural heritage and rural life. The traditional thatched granaries reflect indigenous Shona architectural practices for food storage. This is a mismatched pair: the front is a 50 Dollars note (serial AG8793015) and the back is a 100 Dollars note (serial AD5829361), both from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period (2006–2008). During this era, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issued 'bearer cheques' and 'agro-cheques' as emergency currency as hyperinflation spiraled out of control, eventually reaching an estimated peak of 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year in November 2008. The denomination mismatch suggests these images are from separate notes rather than front/back of the same specimen. The Zimbabwe Dollar was eventually abandoned in 2009 in favor of foreign currencies including the US Dollar and South African Rand. The serial prefixes (AG, AD) indicate different print runs. The Zimbabwe Bird watermark is a national symbol derived from soapstone sculptures found at Great Zimbabwe ruins. en VF Note shows circulation wear, minor soiling, and handling marks consistent with use during hyperinflation period when notes circulated briefly before denominations became obsolete


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  Zimbabwe ZWL 100 Dollars / 10 Trillion Dollars Fourth Dollar series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Balanced rocks formation Balanced rocks formation geology,indigenous_culture The Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation near Harare consisting of three precariously balanced granite boulders that have become a national symbol of Zimbabwe. These rocks appear on the Zimbabwean coat of arms and represent the delicate balance between development and environmental preservation. The formation is part of the Epworth Balancing Rocks site and has stood for millennia through natural erosion patterns. The note displays traditional Ndebele shield patterns and the denomination 'ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS' alongside the date 'HARARE 2020'. The same Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation shown from a different angle, with the denomination stated as 'TEN TRILLION DOLLARS' (10000000000000). This dual-denomination note was issued during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis when the Reserve Bank redenominated the currency multiple times. The back includes the serial number AA0772887 in red prefix letters and the signature of Governor Dr. G. Gono, who served during the hyperinflation period. This is a rare dual-denomination note from Zimbabwe's hyperinflation period, printed with both '100 Dollars' on the front (dated 'HARARE 2020' as a future-dated note) and '10 Trillion Dollars' on the back (dated 'HARARE 2008'). This represents the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL), issued 2008-2009 during the peak of hyperinflation when monthly inflation rates exceeded 79.6 billion percent. The Reserve Bank repeatedly redenominated the currency, removing zeros: the first redenomination in August 2006 (1000:1), second in August 2008 (10 billion:1), and third in February 2009 (1 trillion:1). By April 2009, the Zimbabwe Dollar was abandoned in favor of foreign currencies. The currency was officially demonetized in 2015, with holders allowed to exchange ZWL balances at negligible rates. Governor Dr. Gideon Gono (2003-2013) oversaw the entire hyperinflation period. Pick P-91 specifically refers to the 100 Dollar note of this series; the 'Ten Trillion' overprint or redenomination variant may have a different or unassigned Pick number. The Chiremba Balancing Rocks have appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the Rhodesian era and symbolize the nation's geological heritage. 91 en AA0772887 UNC


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 50 Billion Dollars Third Dollar series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Gideon Gono Balancing Rocks formation architecture,indigenous_culture The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe headquarters building in Harare at left center, a modernist high-rise structure completed in the 1990s that serves as the central bank's main office. At right, the Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a natural geological formation of precariously balanced granite boulders near Harare that appears on Zimbabwe's currency and serves as a national symbol. The note displays the astronomical denomination of 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars (10,000,000,000,000), characteristic of the hyperinflationary period. Chiremba Balancing Rocks formation, a stack of naturally balanced granite boulders that has become an iconic symbol of Zimbabwe, representing the nation's geological heritage and serving as a metaphor for balance and stability. This natural stone formation near Harare has appeared on Zimbabwean currency since independence and is one of the country's most recognizable landmarks. The back displays '50 Billion Dollars' and serial number AA9011618. This 50 billion dollar note was issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation crisis of 2008–2009, the second-worst case of hyperinflation in recorded history. The Third Dollar series (ZWD) was introduced in August 2008, redenominating at 10 billion old dollars to 1 new dollar, but inflation continued to spiral out of control. By late 2008, inflation reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The Reserve Bank, under Governor Gideon Gono, issued increasingly higher denominations, ultimately reaching 100 trillion dollars. The currency became practically worthless for daily transactions, leading to its abandonment in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system using primarily the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation-era notes, while once representing enormous face values, are now collected as historical artifacts of economic collapse. 87 en AA9011618 UNC Appears uncirculated with crisp edges and no visible wear


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 50000000000 Fourth Dollar hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Fidelity Printers and Refiners Zimbabwe Bird soapstone sculpture Rhinoceros (White rhinoceros mother and calf) architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture The Zimbabwe Bird, one of eight soapstone bird sculptures discovered at the Great Zimbabwe ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the country's namesake. These sculptures date from the 13th–15th century Shona civilization and have become the national emblem of Zimbabwe, appearing on the flag and coat of arms. The front also depicts Chiremba Balancing Rocks, a distinctive granite rock formation near Harare. This note represents 50 billion Zimbabwe dollars, issued during the peak of hyperinflation in 2008. White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) mother and calf, native to southern Africa. Zimbabwe's wildlife has been central to its tourism economy and conservation efforts, with both black and white rhinoceros populations protected in national parks. The wildlife imagery on these hyperinflation-era notes reflected Zimbabwe's natural heritage even as the economy collapsed, with inflation reaching 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month by November 2008. This 50 billion dollar note belongs to the Fourth Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) series issued in 2008 during the worst hyperinflation in modern history. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issued progressively higher denominations as the currency collapsed, reaching 100 trillion dollars by January 2009. The Fourth Dollar was introduced on August 1, 2008, by removing 10 zeros from the Third Dollar. By April 2009, the Zimbabwe dollar was abandoned entirely in favor of a multi-currency system dominated by the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation notes are now demonetized and widely collected as historical artifacts of economic catastrophe. The serial number AD 244004634 A indicates this was printed by Fidelity Printers and Refiners, Zimbabwe's domestic security printer. 83 en AD 244004634 A VF Moderate circulation wear visible with some creasing and light soiling


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 50000 Second Dollar hyperinflation series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G. Gono Balancing Rocks architecture,industry Kariba Dam hydroelectric facility on the Zambezi River, one of Africa's largest dams. Built between 1955–1959 as a joint project between Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe), the dam represents industrial development and provides electricity to both countries. The dam's construction was one of the major engineering achievements of colonial Africa and remains a symbol of Zimbabwe's infrastructure. Balancing Rocks (Chiremba Balancing Rocks near Harare), a geological formation of naturally balanced granite boulders that has been Zimbabwe's national symbol since independence. These rocks appeared on the Zimbabwean flag from 1980–2023 and have featured on every series of Zimbabwean currency. The formation represents stability and resilience, key themes in Zimbabwean national identity. The rocks are found throughout Zimbabwe's granite-rich terrain and hold cultural significance. This note belongs to the Second Dollar hyperinflation series (2006–2009), issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic economic collapse under Robert Mugabe's government. By 2008, Zimbabwe experienced one of the worst hyperinflations in recorded history, with inflation exceeding 231 million percent. The 50,000 dollar note, printed in Harare in 2008 under Governor Gideon Gono's tenure, was part of the emergency issuance of progressively higher denominations as the currency collapsed. The Reserve Bank eventually issued notes up to 100 trillion dollars before abandoning the currency in 2009 and adopting a multi-currency system (primarily USD and South African rand). The Second Dollar was redenominated from the First Dollar at a rate of 1:1000 in August 2006. Governor Gono's signature appears on most hyperinflation-era notes. This denomination became near-worthless within months of issue. The note was demonetized on April 12, 2009 when Zimbabwe officially suspended its currency. 73 en AA2216008 VF Note shows signs of circulation with visible creasing, minor soiling, and edge wear consistent with handling during hyperinflation when notes circulated rapidly.


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  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar (Third) 50000 Dollars Bearer Cheque Series 2006 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Zimbabwe Bird soapstone sculpture agriculture,industry Agricultural and industrial scenes representing Zimbabwe's economy during the hyperinflationary period. The left vignette depicts a farmer tending irrigated cropland with rows of cultivated fields, symbolizing the agricultural sector that once formed the backbone of Zimbabwe's economy. The right vignette shows a woman operating industrial textile machinery, representing the manufacturing and industrial sectors. These images were intended to project economic stability and productivity during a period when Zimbabwe was experiencing severe economic collapse and hyperinflation. The Zimbabwe Bird (Hungwe), one of eight soapstone bird sculptures discovered at the Great Zimbabwe ruins, appears as the central watermark motif and in the Reserve Bank seal. These sculptures, dating from the 11th-15th centuries, are national symbols of Zimbabwe and appear on the flag and coat of arms. The note is formatted as a 'Bearer Cheque' with an expiry date of 31st July 2007, a temporary measure reflecting the rapid devaluation of the currency. The serial number is printed in the format typical of this hyperinflationary series. This 50,000-dollar bearer cheque was issued on 1st August 2006 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflationary period (2004-2009), which ultimately peaked at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month inflation in November 2008. The note's designation as a 'Bearer Cheque' with an expiry date (31 July 2007) was an emergency measure to control the rapidly devaluing currency — the Reserve Bank issued these instruments with short validity periods to manage the crisis. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank during this period (2003-2013) and authorized the printing of increasingly high denominations. This third Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD, 2006-2008) replaced the second dollar at 1:1000 in August 2006. It was itself replaced by the fourth dollar (ZWL) at 1:10,000,000,000 in August 2008. The currency was eventually abandoned entirely in April 2009 in favor of foreign currencies (primarily USD and South African Rand). These bearer cheques are now demonetized and have become collector items documenting one of history's worst cases of hyperinflation. While the printed denomination is 50,000 dollars, the back shows '1000 DOLLARS' alongside the cheque number, a discrepancy typical of the rushed emergency printing during this chaotic monetary period. P-45a en AN6513873 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible handling marks, light soiling, and some staining on the front. Corners show minor wear. Overall structure intact.


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 500000 Bearer Cheque series 2007 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Chiremba Balancing Rocks architecture,commemorative Chiremba Balancing Rocks near Harare, a distinctive granite formation that has become a national symbol of Zimbabwe and appears on multiple denominations of Zimbabwean currency. These naturally balanced rock formations are found in Epworth, approximately 12 kilometers southeast of Harare, and have been used as a currency motif since independence in 1980. The rock formation symbolizes the delicate balance required in development and nature. The reverse displays the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe seal with a stylized Zimbabwe Bird (the national emblem from the ruins of Great Zimbabwe), the denomination '500000' (Five Hundred Thousand Dollars), expiry date '30th June 2008', issue date '1st July 2007', and the designation 'BEARER CHEQUE'. The serial number AG7067997 appears at lower right, and Dr. G Gono's signature as Governor appears at left. The bearer cheque format was an emergency measure during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis. This 500,000-dollar bearer cheque was issued on 1 July 2007 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, with an expiry date of 30 June 2008. The 'bearer cheque' designation was adopted by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe as an emergency expedient to rapidly introduce high-denomination notes without formally altering the currency. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003 to 2013, presiding over the worst hyperinflation in modern history. This note is part of the Third Zimbabwe Dollar series (ZWD, 2006–2009), which saw denominations escalate from thousands to trillions. The currency was eventually abandoned in April 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted a multi-currency system. These bearer cheques are now demonetized and widely collected as historic artifacts of hyperinflation. The Chiremba Balancing Rocks motif has appeared on Zimbabwean currency since the first post-independence banknotes. P-51 en AG7067997 VF Note shows handling and some soiling consistent with circulation during the hyperinflation period. Some edge wear visible.


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  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) 100 Billion Dollars Special Agro-Cheque series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono African elephants and giraffe wildlife,agriculture African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in their natural habitat. The scene depicts an adult elephant with a younger elephant, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage. This note was issued during the height of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis, when denominations reached astronomical levels as the currency collapsed in value. Wildlife scene featuring a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and additional imagery representing Zimbabwe's natural resources. The note is designated as a 'Special Agro-Cheque' payable on or before 31st December 2008, indicating its use as an emergency bearer cheque during the economic crisis. The issue date of 1st July 2008 is explicitly printed, along with the serial number AA3953919 and control number 02022900. This 100 Billion Dollar Special Agro-Cheque was issued on 1st July 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst cases in recorded history. The note was valid until 31st December 2008. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw the Reserve Bank during this crisis, authorizing the printing of increasingly high denominations as the currency became worthless. The 'Special Agro-Cheque' designation reflected the government's attempt to address agricultural needs and food shortages. Zimbabwe's hyperinflation peaked in November 2008 at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The Zimbabwe dollar was eventually abandoned in April 2009 in favor of a multi-currency system dominated by the US dollar and South African rand. These hyperinflation notes, while once representing desperate economic conditions, have become widely collected numismatic items documenting one of history's most extreme monetary failures. 64 en AA3953919 VF Note shows circulation with visible staining and wear consistent with use during the hyperinflation period


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  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar (fourth dollar) 50000000 (50 Million) Dollars Bearer Cheque / Agro-Cheque series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Bearer cheque format wildlife,agriculture Special Agro-Cheque issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe showing wildlife imagery with a giraffe at left side, representing Zimbabwe's natural heritage. The note displays '100000000000' (100 billion) as the serial/control number and denomination of 100 billion dollars at lower right. The front features guilloche patterns and intricate line work typical of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation-era emergency currency, issued during the period when the country experienced one of history's worst cases of hyperinflation. Bearer cheque format issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, clearly stating 'Pay the bearer on demand FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS on or before 30th June 2008 for the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe'. Issue date printed as '2nd April 2008'. Signed by Dr. G Gono, Governor of the Reserve Bank. The note bears serial number AJ7241547 and control number 02022909. This was part of the emergency bearer cheque series issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation crisis of 2007-2008. This is a 50 million Zimbabwe dollar bearer cheque from the 2008 emergency series, issued during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period when the Reserve Bank issued 'agro-cheques' and 'bearer cheques' with expiration dates as emergency currency. The issue date of 2nd April 2008 and expiration date of 30th June 2008 (printed on back) are clearly visible. Note the discrepancy: the FRONT shows '100000000000' (100 billion) while the BACK states '50000000' (50 million) — this appears to be a mismatched pair or an error note combining elements from different denominations. During this period, Zimbabwe experienced monthly inflation rates exceeding 79.6 billion percent, leading to the demonetization of the Zimbabwe dollar on 12 April 2009 and adoption of a multi-currency system. Dr. Gideon Gono served as Governor of the Reserve Bank from 2003-2013, presiding over the hyperinflation crisis. These bearer cheques were intended as temporary agricultural financing instruments but circulated as de facto currency. Pick #58 corresponds to the 50 million dollar bearer cheque dated 2008. 58 en AJ7241547 VF Note shows signs of circulation with visible wear, light soiling, and handling marks throughout. Paper remains intact without tears.


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 50000000 / 50000000000 Special Agro-Cheque series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Agricultural scene with giraffe wildlife,agriculture African elephants (Loxodonta africana) depicted in a natural savanna setting, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage and the country's conservation areas. The elephants are among Africa's most iconic megafauna and were featured on numerous Zimbabwean banknotes during the hyperinflation era of 2007–2009. This note is part of the extraordinary series issued during the peak of Zimbabwe's hyperinflation, when the Reserve Bank issued denominations reaching into the trillions. Special Agro-Cheque denomination of 50 billion dollars with validity until 31st December 2008, signed by Governor Dr. Gideon Gono. The note features a giraffe at right and the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe seal. The Agro-Cheques were special bearer cheques issued during the hyperinflation crisis, intended to facilitate agricultural transactions and serve as legal tender with fixed expiry dates. This particular note shows both the face value of 50 million dollars and its actual denomination of 50 billion dollars. This Special Agro-Cheque was issued on 15th May 2008 during Zimbabwe's catastrophic hyperinflation period, one of the worst cases of currency collapse in modern history. The note demonstrates the dual-denomination system used: the printed face value of 50 million dollars was overprinted to represent 50 billion dollars (a 1000:1 revaluation). These Agro-Cheques were time-limited bearer instruments created by Governor Gideon Gono in an attempt to maintain agricultural productivity while the currency rapidly depreciated. The expiry date of 31st December 2008 reflected the short-term nature of these notes. Peak inflation in November 2008 reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent month-on-month. The entire Zimbabwe dollar system was abandoned in April 2009 in favor of foreign currencies (primarily USD and South African Rand). The serial number AD7910664 follows the standard prefix-numeric format used during this period. These hyperinflation-era notes are now widely collected as historic artifacts of economic crisis. 58 en AD7910664 F Note shows moderate circulation with visible wear, aging, and minor soiling consistent with the intense hyperinflation period usage.


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  Zimbabwe ZWD 25000000 Bearer Cheque series 2008 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor: Dr. G Gono Giesecke+Devrient Victoria Falls wildlife,agriculture Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. The falls are known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya ('The Smoke That Thunders'). The note is inscribed 'SPECIAL AGRO-CHEQUE' and features a giraffe at lower left, representing Zimbabwe's wildlife heritage. This denomination was part of the hyperinflation crisis era when the Reserve Bank issued 'Special Agro-Cheques' and 'Bearer Cheques' as emergency currency. Central text panel reading 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE / Pay the bearer on demand / TWENTY FIVE MILLION DOLLARS / on or before / 30th June 2008 / for the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe / Issue date: 2nd April 2008 / BEARER CHEQUE'. The Reserve Bank seal appears at left showing the Zimbabwe Bird symbol. The expiry date mechanism (30th June 2008) was introduced as an attempt to manage hyperinflation by forcing currency turnover. Serial number 02022909 appears below the main text, with prefix AB1933361 at lower right. Bearer Cheque series, issued April–July 2008 during Zimbabwe's hyperinflation crisis, which eventually reached an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent per month. The 25 million dollar note (P-59) was issued 2 April 2008 with an expiry date of 30 June 2008, reflecting the Reserve Bank's attempt to manage runaway inflation through time-limited emergency currency instruments labeled as 'Bearer Cheques' and 'Special Agro-Cheques'. Governor Gideon Gono oversaw this period; his signature appears on multiple hyperinflation-era issues. The Zimbabwe dollar was abandoned in April 2009 in favor of a multi-currency system. These notes were demonetized when the currency collapsed and are now collectors' items documenting one of history's worst episodes of hyperinflation. The note's mismatched denominations (front shows 50 billion, back shows 25 million) require clarification. 59 en AB1933361 VF Visible circulation wear and staining; some creasing and edge wear evident


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  Zimbabwe Zimbabwean Dollar 25000000 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Namdaemun (Sungnyemun Gate) architecture The front displays the text 'RESERVE BANK OF ZIMBABWE' above a vignette showing a modernist city skyline with high-rise buildings and the Zimbabwe Bird monument (national emblem) in the foreground. The denomination '25000000' appears in green at upper left and lower right. However, this design element appears incongruous with the reverse, which bears Korean text and imagery. Namdaemun (Sungnyemun Gate, 숭례문), the historic southern gate of Seoul, originally built in 1398 during the Joseon Dynasty as part of the city's fortress walls. The gate is one of Korea's most important cultural properties and national treasures. Korean text '한국은행' (Bank of Korea) appears at top center, with '오백원' (500 won) prominently displayed at center, and the denomination '500' in corners. Serial number 가300598334 is visible. This appears to be a mismatched pair of banknote images. The front image shows a Zimbabwe hyperinflation-era note (likely from 2008 during the period when Zimbabwe issued notes with denominations reaching into the trillions) marked as 25,000,000 (likely Zimbabwe dollars). The reverse image is clearly a South Korean 500 won banknote featuring Namdaemun Gate, from a series issued by the Bank of Korea. The two images do not belong to the same banknote. The Korean note appears to be from an older series (pre-2000s based on design style), while the Zimbabwe note is from the 2006-2009 hyperinflation period. P-UNK en,ko 가300598334 VF Both notes show signs of circulation with some creasing and wear visible.


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  South Korea KRW 500 Won (front) / 10000 Won (back) Bank of Korea King Sejong the Great Cheomseongdae Observatory monarch,architecture,transport,commemorative Historical Korean naval vessels (turtle ships and traditional Korean vessels) at sea. The turtle ship (geobukseon) was an armored warship designed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin during the Joseon Dynasty in the late 16th century, instrumental in defending Korea during the Japanese invasions of 1592–1598. The turtle ship is one of the most iconic symbols of Korean military innovation and maritime heritage. King Sejong the Great (1397–1450), fourth monarch of the Joseon Dynasty, who reigned 1418–1450. He is revered as one of Korea's greatest rulers for creating Hangul, the Korean alphabet, and for advancing science, technology, literature, and Confucian scholarship. He appears on modern South Korean currency including the 10,000 won note. Left side shows Cheomseongdae Observatory in Gyeongju, one of the oldest surviving astronomical observatories in Asia, built during the reign of Queen Seondeok of Silla in the 7th century. CRITICAL DISCREPANCY: The front and back images DO NOT match as belonging to the same banknote. The FRONT displays a 500 Won denomination issued by 'The Bank of Korea' (historical English-language note, likely 1950s–1960s era based on design style), featuring turtle ships and traditional Korean vessels. The BACK displays a 10,000 Won denomination from modern South Korea (likely 1983–2007 series based on King Sejong portrait and Cheomseongdae), with serial number 0791167 JJ 00. These are two completely different banknotes from different eras and denominations. The 500 Won note represents an early post-Korean War issue when English inscriptions were common. The 10,000 Won note belongs to a modern series featuring Sejong the Great, part of South Korea's standard circulation currency. No known public serial-year encoding identified for Bank of Korea notes without additional context. en,ko 0791167 JJ 00 VF Both notes show moderate circulation wear, good centering


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  South Korea KRW 10000 Fourth series Bank of Korea Gyeonghoeru Pavilion architecture Gyeonghoeru Pavilion (Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul), a two-story pavilion built in 1412 during the Joseon Dynasty reign of King Taejong. The pavilion served as a state banquet hall and is considered one of the largest surviving examples of Joseon palace architecture. The structure sits on 48 stone pillars above a lotus pond and represents the architectural grandeur of the early Joseon period. This pavilion was selected as the primary motif for Korea's highest denomination note of the fourth series to symbolize national heritage and cultural dignity. Fourth series Bank of Korea notes issued 1973-1983, replacing the third series during a period of rapid economic development under President Park Chung-hee. The 10,000 won note was the highest denomination of this series. This series featured traditional Korean architectural landmarks rather than portraits, reflecting a focus on cultural heritage. The note was withdrawn from circulation in 1983 when the Bank of Korea introduced a fifth series with enhanced security features. The fourth series circulated during Korea's industrialization era and the transition from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy. 37 en,ko UNC


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  Indonesia IDR 1000 2013 Heroes Series 2013 Bank Indonesia Gubernur: Darmin Nasution; Deputi Gubernur: Hartadi A. Sarwono Perum Peruri Captain Pattimura Traditional outrigger boats at Banda Islands military,statesman,indigenous_culture,transport,commemorative Captain Pattimura (Thomas Matulessy, 1783–1817), Indonesian national hero from Maluku who led a rebellion against Dutch colonial rule in 1817. He fought to resist the forced cultivation system and Dutch monopoly over spice trade in the Moluccas; captured and executed by the Dutch, he became a symbol of anti-colonial resistance. The note bears the national emblem of Indonesia (Garuda Pancasila) at upper right, the 2013 issue date, and signatures of Governor Darmin Nasution and Deputy Governor Hartadi A. Sarwono. Traditional outrigger boats (perahu) sailing in the waters of the Banda Islands, Maluku province, heart of the historic Spice Islands that were the center of global nutmeg and mace trade. The volcanic mountainous coastline represents the Banda archipelago, historically significant as the site of Pattimura's resistance against Dutch colonial forces and the focal point of European competition for spice trade control from the 16th to 19th centuries. This note is part of the 2013 Heroes Series issued by Bank Indonesia, which replaced the 2004 series. Printed date is clearly shown as '2013 DEWAN GUBERNUR' (Board of Governors 2013). The series featured Indonesian national heroes and ran from 2013 until withdrawn on December 30, 2016, when it was replaced by the 2016 series that introduced polymer substrate technology. The 1000 rupiah denomination honors Captain Pattimura's legacy in the struggle for independence. Signatures match the governorship of Darmin Nasution (2010–2013). This paper-based series represented the final generation of traditional Indonesian banknotes before the polymer transition. Serial prefix 'KIY' is a standard block identifier for this print run. 141a id KIY166313 XF Note shows light handling with minor edge wear and slight center fold visible; colors remain vibrant with good eye appeal


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  Iran IRR 100 Post-Revolution series Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran building religion,statesman,architecture Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902–1989), Supreme Leader of Iran and founder of the Islamic Republic following the 1979 revolution. He appears on the first post-revolutionary banknote series issued by the newly established Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, replacing the portraits of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. The note features Islamic architectural elements including a mihrab arch and geometric rosette pattern, reflecting the new theocratic government's emphasis on Islamic symbolism in state iconography. The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran building in Tehran, the headquarters of the newly reorganized central banking authority established after the 1979 revolution. The modernist multi-story structure represents the administrative continuity of Iranian monetary policy under the new government. The architectural rendering emphasizes the functional, institutional nature of the Islamic Republic's financial system. This 100 rials note belongs to the first series of banknotes issued by the Islamic Republic of Iran following the 1979 revolution. The Central Bank of Iran was reorganized as the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and all currency was redesigned to remove images of the deposed Shah and replace them with Ayatollah Khomeini and Islamic motifs. This series was issued between approximately 1979 and 1985, when it was replaced by updated designs. The denomination '100 rials' (صد ریال) is printed in Persian script. No specific printed year is visible on this note, and the series predates the widespread use of Western numerals on Iranian currency. The serial number format and design style are consistent with early post-revolutionary issues (P-140). These notes circulated during a period of significant economic disruption caused by the revolution, the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and international sanctions. 140 fa,en ۳۱۵۷۶۱۵ VF Note shows signs of circulation with some minor creasing and wear, but retains good detail and color


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  Saudi Arabia Riyal 25 Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Pilgrim's Receipts Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Arabian horses wildlife,transport,commemorative Safe conduct pass issued by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency for pilgrims to Mecca. The front features extensive Arabic text providing security instructions and terms of use, with 'SAFE CONDUCT PASS' printed in English on the left margin. These special receipts were issued to Hajj pilgrims from 1953-1956 to facilitate secure currency exchange during the pilgrimage season, representing an innovative early measure by SAMA to protect pilgrims from exploitation and currency fraud. Two Arabian horses in profile at center, facing right, rendered in detailed intaglio engraving. The Arabian horse is central to Saudi culture and history, having been bred on the Arabian Peninsula for millennia and serving as the foundation for modern light horse breeds worldwide. The denomination '25' appears in Arabic-Indic numerals (٢٥) in all four corners, with 'المملكة العربية السعودية' (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) inscribed at top center in ornate Arabic calligraphy. This is a Saudi Arabian Hajj Pilgrim's Receipt from the early SAMA series (P-10), issued 1953-1956. These special-purpose notes were created by the newly-established Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (founded 1952) specifically for use by pilgrims during the Hajj season. They served as secure currency receipts that pilgrims could exchange for local currency, protecting them from fraud and exploitation by money changers. The system was discontinued in 1956 when regular SAMA banknotes became widely available. The series included denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 riyals. These pilgrim receipts are historically significant as among the first issues of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency and represent an early Islamic finance innovation. The horse imagery reflects Saudi Arabia's deep cultural connection to Arabian horse breeding. 10 ar,en 297221 VF Note shows typical circulation wear with even aging and toning throughout. No tears or major defects visible. Text remains legible.


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  Iraq IQD 25 Third Issue Central Bank of Iraq Saddam Hussein Mustansiriya Madrasah statesman,architecture,military Mustansiriya Madrasah in Baghdad, one of the oldest Islamic universities in the world. Built in 1227 CE (623 AH) during the Abbasid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mustansir, it served as a center of Islamic learning and education for centuries. The madrasah represents Iraq's historical role as a center of scholarship and civilization in the medieval Islamic world, featuring distinctive Islamic architectural elements with arched iwans and decorative brickwork around a central courtyard. Saddam Hussein (1937-2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He led Iraq through the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the Gulf War (1990-1991); his image appeared on Iraqi currency throughout his rule as part of a personality cult. The vignette shows a romanticized scene of mounted horsemen, evoking historical Arabian cavalry and military themes that were prominent in Ba'athist iconography during his regime. This note belongs to the third issue of Iraqi dinars under Saddam Hussein's regime, circulated from 1986 to 1990. The series was printed during and after the Iran-Iraq War. Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the fall of Saddam Hussein's government, these notes were demonetized and replaced by a new currency series that removed his portrait. Notes from this era featuring Saddam Hussein are now collectible artifacts of the Ba'athist period. The 25 dinar denomination was a mid-range note during this period of relative currency stability before the severe devaluation that followed the 1991 Gulf War and subsequent sanctions. 73 ar,en 7/0674 VF


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  Iraq IQD 25 Saddam Hussein series Central Bank of Iraq Saddam Hussein Martyrs Monument statesman,military,commemorative,architecture Martyrs Monument in Baghdad at center, designed by Iraqi architect Saman Kamal and sculptor Ismail Fatah Al Turk, unveiled in 1983 to commemorate Iraqi soldiers killed in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). The monument consists of a split turquoise dome symbolizing a traditional shield split by a falling warrior's sword, positioned on an artificial lake. The architectural complex includes an underground museum and hall of martyrs. On the left is a minaret tower and decorative Islamic geometric patterns. Date palms frame the composition, a traditional Iraqi symbol. Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003, depicted in military uniform with a mustache. Behind him is a scene of horses and riders in battle, likely referencing historical Arab military conquests or the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (636 CE), which Saddam invoked as propaganda during the Iran-Iraq War, calling it 'Qadisiyyat Saddam.' The horses and warriors symbolize martial prowess and Arab-Islamic military heritage. This design was part of the personality-cult imagery that dominated Iraqi currency during Hussein's rule. This 25 dinar note belongs to the series issued by the Central Bank of Iraq during Saddam Hussein's presidency, specifically the late 1980s to early 1990s series that prominently featured his portrait. The note was issued during or shortly after the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), a conflict that devastated both nations and which the Martyrs Monument commemorates. The Martyrs Monument on the front became one of Baghdad's most recognizable landmarks. Following the 2003 U.S.-led invasion and the fall of Saddam's regime, these notes were demonetized and replaced with new designs that removed Saddam's image. The series is catalogued as Pick 73 in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. No visible serial number is present in the images provided. The denomination 'Twenty Five Dinars' appears in English on the front, with Arabic text on the back. The note represents a significant period in Iraqi monetary and political history, when currency served as a vehicle for state propaganda and personality cult. 73 ar,en UNC Appears uncirculated with sharp corners and no visible wear


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  Iraq IQD 25 Fourth issue 2001 Central Bank of Iraq Governor: signature present (illegible in image) Saddam Hussein Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa statesman,architecture,military Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa (Al-Mustansiriya University), Baghdad. Founded in 1227 CE by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir, it is one of the oldest Islamic universities in the world and a significant example of medieval Islamic architecture. The building features the distinctive domed structure and fortress-like walls characteristic of Abbasid educational institutions. A date palm frond appears at upper right, symbolizing Iraq's agricultural heritage. Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Portrait shows him in civilian attire with suit and tie. The Arabic inscription at top reads 'Central Bank of Iraq'. The date shown is 1422 AH (2001 CE). Hussein appeared on Iraqi currency throughout his rule, with his portrait dominating banknote designs from the 1980s through 2003. This 25 Dinars note belongs to the fourth issue of Iraqi currency under Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime, printed during the period 2001–2003. The note shows the Hijri date 1422 (corresponding to 2001 CE). This series was issued during the final years of Hussein's rule, under international sanctions following the 1991 Gulf War. The currency suffered severe inflation during this period. Following the 2003 invasion and fall of the Ba'athist government, these notes were demonetized and replaced by a new Iraqi Dinar series issued by the Coalition Provisional Authority and subsequent Iraqi government. Notes from this series remain common as they were printed in large quantities but are no longer legal tender. 85 ar,en 3/25591 XF Note appears to be in Extremely Fine condition with minimal handling marks, sharp corners, and good color retention.


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  Iraq IQD 25 Fourth Issue 1992 Central Bank of Iraq Saddam Hussein Ishtar Gate statesman,architecture,ancient_civilization Ishtar Gate of ancient Babylon, the monumental glazed-brick entrance built circa 575 BCE during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. The gate was decorated with alternating rows of bas-relief lions, dragons, and bulls in vibrant blue-glazed brick, and served as the ceremonial processional entrance to the inner city. The Lion of Babylon, a basalt sculpture from ancient Babylon dating to approximately 600 BCE, appears at center right. Text 'ISHTAR GATE' appears in English and Arabic. Saddam Hussein (1937-2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. His portrait appears prominently at right in formal attire. Hussein's regime issued numerous banknote series bearing his portrait during the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly during the period of international sanctions following the Gulf War. The Arabic inscription reads 'Central Bank of Iraq' with the Hijri and Gregorian dates 1412-1992. This note belongs to the Fourth Issue of Iraqi dinars issued by the Central Bank of Iraq during Saddam Hussein's presidency. The series was introduced in 1992 (AH 1412) during a period of severe economic sanctions following the 1990-1991 Gulf War. These sanctions and the resulting economic crisis led to hyperinflation and currency devaluation throughout the 1990s. The Ishtar Gate motif connects modern Iraq to its ancient Mesopotamian heritage as the site of Babylon. Following the 2003 invasion and fall of Hussein's government, these notes were demonetized and replaced by a new dinar series issued by the Coalition Provisional Authority and the reconstituted Central Bank of Iraq. The serial number visible is '484846' with prefix 'أح/192' (transliterated 'ah/192'). No known public serial-year encoding for this issuer beyond the series date printed on the note. P-72 ar,en 484846 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creasing and handling marks but retains good color and detail


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  Iraq IQD 5 Fourth issue 1992 Central Bank of Iraq Saddam Hussein Al-Shaheed Monument statesman,military,commemorative,architecture Al-Shaheed Monument (Martyrs' Monument) in Baghdad, designed by Iraqi architect Saman Kamal and Italian artist Isamu Noguchi, inaugurated in 1983 to commemorate Iraqi soldiers who died in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). The monument consists of a split turquoise dome 40 meters high, symbolizing a traditional shield dropping from the hands of a dying warrior. It is one of the most recognizable modern landmarks of Baghdad and was prominently featured on Iraqi currency during the Ba'athist era. Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He led Iraq through the Iran-Iraq War, the invasion of Kuwait, and the Gulf War. His portrait appeared on all Iraqi banknotes during his rule. The Arabic inscription reads 'Central Bank of Iraq' and the date AH 1412 (1991–1992 CE). The serial number and control numbering are visible at left. This 5 dinars note belongs to the fourth issue series of the Central Bank of Iraq, introduced in 1991–1992 during Saddam Hussein's presidency. The series was printed with the Hijri year 1412 (1991–1992 CE) and continued in circulation throughout the 1990s under international sanctions following the Gulf War. Notes from this era are characterized by featuring Saddam Hussein's portrait on the reverse and Iraqi monuments or historical scenes on the obverse. This series was demonetized following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and replaced by the New Iraqi Dinar series issued by the Coalition Provisional Authority and subsequent Iraqi governments. The Al-Shaheed Monument depicted on the front remains a landmark in Baghdad, though its political associations have been recontextualised post-2003. 80 ar,en XF Note appears lightly circulated with minor handling marks but retains good color and detail


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  Iraq IQD 5 Central Bank of Iraq series Central Bank of Iraq Hammurabi Arabian horses statesman,agriculture,wildlife Hammurabi (c. 1810–1750 BCE), sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, depicted at left with his famous law code stele. Hammurabi is renowned for the Code of Hammurabi, one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world, establishing one of the earliest known systems of justice. Center shows an agricultural scene with a grain silo and wheat fields, representing Iraq's agricultural heritage in the Mesopotamian heartland. Text 'FIVE DINARS' at lower center; 'CENTRAL BANK OF IRAQ' at top in English. Two Arabian horses (mare and foal) at center, representing Iraq's celebrated tradition of Arabian horse breeding. The Arabian horse is one of the oldest horse breeds, with origins tracing to the Arabian Peninsula, and Iraq historically was a major center for breeding these prized animals. Arabic inscriptions include 'البنك المركزي العراقي' (Central Bank of Iraq) at top and legal tender text. Serial number visible at left in Arabic-Indic numerals. This 5 Dinar note is from the Central Bank of Iraq series issued between 1973 and 1991, during the Ba'athist era under Saddam Hussein. The design emphasizes Iraq's ancient Mesopotamian heritage through Hammurabi, who ruled Babylon and created one of history's first comprehensive legal codes. The inclusion of Arabian horses reflects Iraq's role in breeding and preserving this ancient breed. These notes were withdrawn and demonetized following the 1991 Gulf War, when new series were introduced. The Pick reference P-70 applies to this design type with the Hammurabi portrait and horse reverse. No printed issue year appears on the note itself, and the Central Bank of Iraq did not employ a documented serial-number-year encoding system during this period. Dating must rely on the known circulation period of this design series (1973–1991). The watermark shows a horse head, reinforcing the equestrian theme. 70 ar,en VF Note appears lightly circulated with minimal creasing; colors remain strong


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  Iraq IQD 25 Central Bank of Iraq architecture The Abbasid Palace (Al-Qasr al-Abbasi) in Baghdad, a restored medieval palace dating from the late 12th or early 13th century during the Abbasid Caliphate. The palace features characteristic Islamic architectural elements including pointed arches, iwans (vaulted halls), and ornate brickwork. It served as one of the few surviving examples of Abbasid secular architecture in Baghdad and was used as a museum. The Arabic inscription identifies the issuing authority as the Central Bank of Iraq. This appears to show a mismatched back — the reverse depicts David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), the primary founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, shown in profile with the Negev desert landscape and what appears to be Sde Boker (his kibbutz retirement home) in the background. The Hebrew text reads 'Bank of Israel' (בנק ישראל) and 'Fifty Sheqalim' (חמישים שקל). The date shown is 1978 (התשל״ח). This is an Israeli 50 Sheqalim note, NOT the reverse of the Iraqi 25 Dinars note shown on the front. The front shows an Iraqi 25 Dinars note from the Saddam Hussein era, likely issued in the 1990s based on the design style and the Central Bank of Iraq designation. This series continued until 2003 when it was demonetized following the fall of the Ba'athist regime and replaced by new currency issued by the Coalition Provisional Authority. The Abbasid Palace motif was commonly used on Iraqi currency to emphasize the country's historical role as the center of the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate. The back image is clearly from a different banknote entirely — an Israeli 50 Sheqalim note from 1978 featuring David Ben-Gurion. This represents a mismatched pair of images from two completely different countries and currency systems. 73 ar,he UNC


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  Israel ILS 50 1978 Issue 1978 Bank of Israel Governor: Arnon Gafny; Chief Cashier: David Hacohen David Ben-Gurion Golden Gate (Sha'ar HaRachamim), Jerusalem Old City Walls statesman,architecture,religion The Golden Gate (Sha'ar HaRachamim) in the eastern wall of Jerusalem's Old City. Also known as the Gate of Mercy, this ancient sealed gate dates to the Byzantine period (possibly 6th–7th century CE) and faces the Mount of Olives. It has been sealed since the 16th century and holds religious significance in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions. The detailed engraving shows the distinctive double-arched Romanesque façade with its decorated stonework. David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), primary founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, serving 1948–1954 and 1955–1963. Born David Grün in Płońsk, Poland, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1906, became a leading Zionist labour movement figure, proclaimed Israeli independence in 1948, and led the new state through its formative years. Behind his portrait is a view of his desert home at Sde Boker in the Negev, where he retired to promote desert development and died. This note belongs to the 1978 Issue series of the Israeli Shekel (Old Shekel), printed between 1978–1980 and circulated until the currency reform of 1985. The Old Shekel replaced the Israeli Lira (Pound) at a rate of 10 Lirot = 1 Shekel in February 1980, but this note was printed in 1978 in preparation for the changeover. Hyperinflation in the early 1980s rendered the Old Shekel worthless, and it was replaced by the New Israeli Shekel in September 1985 at a rate of 1,000:1. The note features signatures of Bank of Israel Governor Arnon Gafny (served 1976–1981) and Chief Cashier David Hacohen. Ben-Gurion appears on multiple denominations in this series, reflecting his status as the founding father of modern Israel. The architectural motifs emphasize Jerusalem's centrality to Israeli national identity. P-46 he,en 5482506510 XF Note appears to have light circulation with good centering and intact edges, minor handling evident.


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  Israel ILS 50 Sheqel Series 1978 Bank of Israel Governor: Yosef Barkats; Manager: A. Shoval Government Printer, Israel Shmuel Yosef Agnon Golden Gate (Sha'ar HaRachamim), Jerusalem writer,architecture,religion The Golden Gate (Sha'ar HaRachamim) on Jerusalem's Old City eastern wall, adjacent to the Temple Mount. This double-arched gate, sealed since medieval times, is one of Jerusalem's eight gates and holds religious significance in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions. The gate dates to the Byzantine period, though tradition associates it with the earlier Second Temple period. Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888–1970), Israeli Nobel Prize-winning writer and one of the central figures of modern Hebrew fiction. Born in Galicia (then Austria-Hungary), he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1908, lived in Germany 1913–1924, then settled permanently in Jerusalem. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966, the first Hebrew writer to be so honored. Behind him is a building from the German Colony in Jerusalem, with date palms representing the landscape of the Land of Israel. This note belongs to the first series of the Israeli Sheqel (also spelled Shekel), introduced on February 24, 1980, replacing the Israeli Pound (Lira) at a rate of 1 Sheqel = 10 Lirot. The series was issued from 1978–1980 during a period of severe hyperinflation in Israel. The currency was denominated in Sheqalim (plural), with denominations from 1 to 10,000 Sheqalim issued by 1984. Due to continued inflation reaching over 400% annually, the Sheqel was itself replaced by the New Sheqel (NIS) in 1985 at a rate of 1 New Sheqel = 1,000 old Sheqalim, making this note worth 0.05 NIS. The series featured Israeli cultural figures and historic Jerusalem sites. This 50 Sheqel note, dated 'Tishrei 5739' (1978 in the Hebrew calendar), was printed by the Government Printer of Israel and bears signatures of Governor Yosef Barkats and Manager A. Shoval. P-46 he,en,ar 5453066376 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible fold lines, particularly a center vertical fold. Some edge wear and minor soiling visible. Colors remain relatively bright.


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  Israel ILP 100 Lira series Bank of Israel Giuseppe Garibaldi architecture,statesman,military Zion Gate (Sha'ar Tzion) in the Old City of Jerusalem, one of the eight gates in the walls of the Old City. Built in 1540 by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, this gate on the southern wall provides access to the Jewish and Armenian Quarters and faces Mount Zion. The gate shows distinctive Ottoman architecture with its stone masonry and arched entrance, and an olive tree is depicted alongside. The Hebrew inscription 'בנק ישראל' (Bank of Israel) appears at top. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882), Italian general, patriot and key figure in the Italian Risorgimento who contributed to Italian unification. His inclusion on this Israeli banknote reflects the historical connection between Italy and the early State of Israel, as well as Garibaldi's reputation as a freedom fighter. The Italian text 'LIRE MILLE' and 'BANCA D'ITALIA' with 'PAGABILI A VISTA AL PORTATORE' appears with Italian state emblems, indicating this is actually the reverse of an Italian 1000 Lire note, suggesting a mismatched pair of images. The front shows an Israeli 100 Lirot (Lira) note from the series issued 1968–1975 by the Bank of Israel. The Israeli Lira (plural: Lirot) replaced the Palestine Pound in 1952 at par and circulated until 1980 when it was replaced by the Shekel during a period of high inflation. The reverse image depicts Giuseppe Garibaldi from an Italian 1000 Lire note issued by Banca d'Italia, not the reverse of the Israeli note. These are two different banknotes from different countries and eras. The Israeli Lira featured various historical and cultural subjects; the 100 Lirot denomination commonly depicted Zion Gate. No serial-year encoding is documented for Bank of Israel Lira series notes. he,ar,it 3332402523 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible fold marks and handling wear but retains good detail


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  Italy ITL 1000 Maria Montessori series 1982 Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Antonio Fazio; Il Cassiere: [signature present but name illegible] Officina della Banca d'Italia Maria Montessori Montessori teaching scene with children scientist,writer,education,indigenous_culture The Doge's Palace (Palazzo Ducale) in Venice, the Gothic palace that served as the residence of the Doge of Venice and seat of Venetian government from the 9th century until the fall of the Republic in 1797. The architectural rendering shows the characteristic arcade and loggia of this iconic Venetian landmark, which is one of the most recognizable symbols of Venice's political and cultural history. The decree warning counterfeiters is printed at top: 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes the manufacturers and distributors of counterfeit notes). Maria Montessori (1870–1952), Italian physician and educator who developed the Montessori method of education, a child-centered educational approach based on scientific observations of children. She was Italy's first female physician and became internationally renowned for her revolutionary educational philosophy. The note depicts her portrait alongside decorative geometric patterns and educational motifs, including a small medallion showing a lion (symbol of Venice) above the Italian coat of arms with the cross of Savoy. This 1000 lire note belongs to the Maria Montessori series issued by the Banca d'Italia, which was decreed on 6 January 1982 (DECRETO MINISTERIALE 6 GENNAIO 1982, visible on front) and circulated from 1990 until Italy's adoption of the euro in 2002. The series honored Maria Montessori, celebrating her contributions to education and her status as a pioneering Italian woman in medicine and pedagogy. This denomination was one of the most common Italian notes in circulation during the 1990s. The front features the Doge's Palace, connecting Venetian heritage with the note's theme of Italian cultural achievement. The signatures are those of Antonio Fazio (Governor of Banca d'Italia 1993–2005) and the cashier. The note was withdrawn from circulation on 28 February 2002 when the Italian lira was replaced by the euro, though exchange at the Banca d'Italia remained possible until 2012. Serial number format with prefix BE and suffix Q is consistent with standard Banca d'Italia practice of the period. 114 it BE876190Q VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible handling, some creasing, but design elements remain clear and colors intact.


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  Italy ITL 2000 Banca d'Italia 1990 series 1990 Banca d'Italia Governatore: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi; Il Cassiere: (signature visible but illegible) Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (assumed) Guglielmo Marconi Two students reading (symbolic representation of education and learning) scientist, education Two young students reading together, symbolic of education and learning; engraved by A. De Angelis Inc. The front features text 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 3 OTTOBRE 1990' (Ministerial Decree 3 October 1990) and the anti-counterfeiting warning 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes manufacturers and distributors of false banknotes). Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), Italian inventor and electrical engineer who pioneered work on long-distance radio transmission and is credited with developing the first practical radio telegraphy system. Winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics, Marconi's innovations revolutionized wireless communication and earned him a place among Italy's most celebrated scientific figures. The back displays the Banca d'Italia coat of arms with the text 'PAGABILE A VISTA AL PORTATORE' (Payable on sight to the bearer), along with signatures of the Governor and Cashier, and the printer attribution 'G. MARCONI' identifying the portrait subject. The 2000 lire note was part of the final series issued by Banca d'Italia before the introduction of the Euro in 2002. This 1990 series, authorized by Ministerial Decree of 3 October 1990, featured Guglielmo Marconi, honoring Italy's scientific heritage. The note remained in circulation until 28 February 2002, when it was replaced by the Euro during the currency transition. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, whose signature appears as Governor, served from 1979 to 1993 and later became Prime Minister (1993–1994) and President of Italy (1999–2006). This series is common and widely available to collectors as it circulated extensively in the final decade of the Italian lira. 115 it EB659474L VF Note shows circulation wear with minor staining visible on front. Colors remain relatively strong.


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  Italy ITL 5000 Vincenzo Bellini series 1990 Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi; Il Cassiere: F. Masera Officina della Banca d'Italia Vincenzo Bellini Teatro Massimo Bellini, Catania artist,architecture,music Industrial motifs representing Italian economic development and technological progress in the late 19th/early 20th century. The front features telegraph transmission equipment (right) and electrical transmission towers (left), symbolizing Italy's industrial modernization. The text 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 3 OTTOBRE 1990' identifies this as issued under the ministerial decree of October 3, 1990. The warning text states 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes counterfeiters and distributors of false notes). Vincenzo Bellini (1801–1835), Italian opera composer of the bel canto era, best known for his operas Norma, La sonnambula, and I puritani. Behind his portrait appears the Teatro Massimo Bellini in Catania (his birthplace), the opera house built 1870–1890 and named in his honor. Musical notation from one of his compositions appears in the background. Bellini is one of Italy's most celebrated cultural figures, his work defining the romantic opera tradition. This 5000 lire note belongs to the Bellini series issued by the Banca d'Italia between 1985 and 1992, with this specific variant (P-113c with signatures of Governor Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and Cashier F. Masera) printed from 1990. The front's industrial imagery reflects Italy's modernization themes common in late-period lire designs. The series was withdrawn from circulation following the introduction of the euro in 2002. The serial number format VC-######-S follows standard Banca d'Italia practice; no documented serial-year encoding is known for this series. The note was printed at the Officina della Banca d'Italia, the Bank's own printing facility. 113c it VC 252237 S F Circulated note showing moderate wear, creasing, and soiling consistent with Fine grade. Some loss of crispness and minor edge wear visible.


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  Italy ITL 5000 Bellini series 1985 Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Carlo A. Ciampi; Il Cassiere: [signature visible] Officina Carte Valori - Banca d'Italia Vincenzo Bellini Teatro Massimo Bellini, Catania composer,artist,architecture Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835), Italian opera composer from Catania, Sicily, one of the most important figures of the bel canto opera tradition. His most celebrated works include Norma, I puritani, and La sonnambula. The front features an allegorical female figure representing Music or the Arts, holding a lyre, positioned within a sunburst medallion with the text 'IL SECOLO UNISCE FABBRICATORI E SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (the century unites manufacturers and distributors of counterfeit notes) along the circular edge. The decree date 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 4 GENNAIO 1985' appears at bottom right. Teatro Massimo Bellini in Catania, Sicily, the opera house dedicated to Vincenzo Bellini and inaugurated in 1890. The teatro is one of Italy's most prestigious opera venues. The back features a portrait of Bellini at right and the ornate architectural details of the theatre in the background, along with the coat of arms of the Italian Republic (a crowned lion above a shield) at left center. The inscription 'LIRE MILLE' appears at top, with 'PAGABILI A VISTA AL PORTATORE' (payable on sight to the bearer) below it. This 5000 lire note belongs to the Bellini series issued by Banca d'Italia starting with Decreto Ministeriale of January 4, 1985, and circulated until Italy's adoption of the euro in 2002. The note was demonetized on February 28, 2002, when the lira ceased to be legal tender. This series featured prominent Italian cultural figures: Bellini (composer) on the 5000, Caravaggio on the 100,000, and Montessori on the 1000 lire. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi served as Governor of the Bank of Italy from 1979 to 1993, and later became Prime Minister and President of Italy. The note employs traditional intaglio printing with elaborate guilloche patterns and microtext security features typical of pre-euro Italian currency. 111c it VF Moderate circulation wear visible, some creasing, handwritten number '30' on back left, overall decent condition for age


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  Italy ITL 100 Lire Banca Popolare di Milano Direzione Generale: signature present but illegible Unidentified historical building architecture,industry This is a miniassegno (mini-check) for 100 Lire issued by Banca Popolare di Milano, a cooperative bank founded in 1865 with headquarters in Milan. The front bears the text 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 6 GENNAIO 1976' referring to the ministerial decree that authorized these emergency scrip issues, with serial number RB 160371 F repeated on both sides. The note bears the warning 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes the makers and passers of false notes) and identifies itself as 'OFFICINA DELLA BANCA D'ITALIA'. The reverse displays 'LA BANCA POPOLARE DI MILANO' prominently at top, with cooperative society registration details showing capital and reserves as of December 31, 1975. The note is marked 'PAGHERA A VISTA PER QUESTO ASSEGNO CIRCOLARE' (Will pay on sight for this circular check) and dated 'Milano 30 Giugno 1977'. It is payable 'a Unione Artigiani della Provincia di Milano' (to the Union of Artisans of the Province of Milan). An architectural motif appears at left showing what appears to be a Renaissance or Baroque-era palazzo. The note is signed by the bank's Direzione Generale (General Management) and includes a control number 9879/13/2. This is a miniassegno, a form of emergency scrip issued by Italian banks and businesses during the Italian coin shortage crisis of the 1970s (particularly 1975–1978). When small-denomination coins became scarce due to hoarding and the high cost of base metals, the Italian government authorized banks and large companies to issue these small-denomination bearer checks (assegni circolari) as a substitute for coins in everyday transactions. The Banca Popolare di Milano was one of many cooperative and commercial banks that issued miniassegni. These notes circulated alongside official currency and were eventually withdrawn when the coin shortage eased. The printed date of June 30, 1977 establishes the issue year. The ministerial decree reference (January 6, 1976) refers to the legal framework authorizing these issues. All miniassegni were demonetized when Italy adopted the Euro in 2002, though they had largely ceased circulating by the early 1980s. The payee inscription 'Unione Artigiani della Provincia di Milano' indicates this particular note was intended for circulation among artisan guild members in Milan province. it RB 160371 F F Note shows significant wear, creasing, and edge damage. Corners are worn. Paper has yellowed with age. Some small tears visible at edges. Surface dirt present.


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  Italy ITL 1000 Maria Montessori series Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Antonio Fazio; Il Cassiere: [illegible] Officina della Banca d'Italia Maria Montessori Palazzo del Governo (Government Palace), Milan scientist,writer,statesman,architecture Palazzo del Governo (Government Palace) in Milan, a neoclassical building constructed in 1771–1778 as the Royal Ducal Palace during Austrian rule, later serving as the seat of Milanese provincial government. The building features characteristic colonnaded architecture and has been a symbol of civic administration in Milan for over two centuries. The front bears the inscription 'BANCA POPOLARE DI MILANO' overprint, with text indicating 'Biglietto Assegnato' (assigned note) and 'Provincia di Milano', reflecting a local banking institution's issue against this national currency note. Maria Montessori (1870–1952), Italian physician, educator, and innovator who developed the Montessori method of education emphasizing self-directed learning and hands-on activity for children. She was one of Italy's first female physicians and became internationally renowned for her revolutionary educational philosophy. Her pedagogical methods have been adopted worldwide and continue to influence early childhood education globally; she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize three times for her contributions to education and child development. This 1000 lire note belongs to the Maria Montessori series issued by the Banca d'Italia from 1990 to 1998, part of the final generation of Italian lira banknotes before the introduction of the euro. The series honored distinguished Italians who made significant contributions to culture, science, and the arts. This particular note features an overprint 'BANCA POPOLARE DI MILANO' with 'Biglietto Assegnato Provincia di Milano', indicating it was a special issue or assignment by the Banca Popolare di Milano, a regional cooperative bank. Such overprints were used for specific banking purposes or local circulation. The serial number NF 136416 U follows the standard Banca d'Italia format. The note was demonetized on February 28, 2002, when Italy fully transitioned to the euro, though lira notes could be exchanged at the Banca d'Italia for years afterward. The Montessori series is widely collected and represents the final era of Italian paper currency. 114 it NF 136416 U F Note shows significant circulation wear, multiple folds, and general aging consistent with Fine grade; overprint indicates special banking usage


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  Italy ITL 1000 1990 Banca d'Italia Il Governatore; Il Cassiere Officina della Banca d'Italia Galileo Galilei Maria Montessori scientist,writer,statesman Maria Montessori (1870–1952), Italian physician and educator who developed the Montessori method of education, depicted reading with a young child. She was the first woman to qualify as a physician in Italy and became renowned worldwide for her revolutionary educational philosophy emphasizing child-centered learning and hands-on discovery. The scene shows her engaged in teaching, with books and educational materials, representing her lifelong dedication to childhood education and development. The inscription 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 3 OTTOBRE 1990' indicates the ministerial decree date, and the warning 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes makers and distributors of counterfeit notes) appears at right. Engraver signature 'A. DE ANGELIS INC.' is visible. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), Italian astronomer, physicist, and polymath who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He improved the telescope and made groundbreaking astronomical observations supporting heliocentrism, studied motion and mechanics, and is often called the 'father of modern science.' Behind him is a depiction of the dome of Florence's Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo), one of the architectural masterpieces of the Italian Renaissance. A circular medallion at right shows the winged Lion of St. Mark and Italian coat of arms with the label 'GALILEO.' This 1000 lire note belongs to the final series issued by the Banca d'Italia before Italy adopted the euro. The note was introduced by ministerial decree on October 3, 1990, as indicated on the obverse. This series circulated throughout the 1990s until the lira was replaced by the euro on January 1, 1999 (for accounting purposes) and February 28, 2002 (for cash transactions). The note honors two of Italy's most significant contributors to science and education: Galileo Galilei, whose scientific method revolutionized understanding of the physical world, and Maria Montessori, whose educational methods transformed childhood pedagogy globally. The note was printed by the Officina della Banca d'Italia, which had produced Italian currency since the early 20th century. The serial format 'NA 424845 Z' follows the standard Banca d'Italia convention of the period. 114 it NA 424845 Z F Heavily circulated with significant wear, creases, and staining throughout; paper shows age-related discoloration


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  Italy ITL 500 Lire Mercury series Banca d'Italia Il Direttore Generale: [signature]; Il Cassiere Speciale: [signature]; Il Vice Capo Servizio per la Corte dei Conti: [signature] Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato Mercury Head of Mercury mythology,science Allegorical representation of Galileo Galilei's astronomical and scientific work, featuring his celestial maps and diagrams of the heavens. The left panel displays a double-hemisphere celestial chart showing the zodiac constellations and planetary systems, representing Galileo's revolutionary contributions to astronomy including his telescopic observations that confirmed heliocentric theory. The right side features a Renaissance-era Venetian architectural scene with cypresses and scientific instruments, symbolizing Italy's leadership in Renaissance science and the Age of Discovery. This design type honors Italian scientific achievement during the height of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th-17th centuries. Head of Mercury (Roman god Mercurius), messenger of the gods and patron of commerce, travelers, and communication, shown in classical profile facing left. Mercury was chosen as the symbol for this banknote series to represent the movement of money and trade in the modern Italian economy. The head is rendered in Renaissance sculptural style, linking ancient Roman heritage with Italy's artistic tradition. The denomination 500 appears prominently at center, with 'CINQUECENTO' (five hundred) and 'REPUBBLICA ITALIANA' indicating the issuing republic. Designer E. Vangelli's signature appears at lower right. This 500 Lire note belongs to the Mercury series issued by the Banca d'Italia from 1966 to 1979, replacing earlier designs. The decree dates printed on the front read 'DECR. MIN. 24 OTTOBRE 1963 e 19 SETTEMBRE 1977', indicating the ministerial decrees authorizing the note. This design celebrated Italian scientific and cultural heritage during the post-war economic boom (miracolo economico). The Italian Lira was replaced by the Euro on 1 January 2002, with a transition period ending 28 February 2002 when Lire notes ceased to be legal tender. The 500 Lire denomination was a mid-value note in circulation during this period, widely used for everyday transactions. Serial number U14 603997 visible on the reverse. P-93 it U14 603997 F Significant circulation wear, multiple vertical and horizontal folds, edge wear and discoloration throughout, some staining and soiling consistent with extended circulation. Paper remains intact with no tears.


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  Italy ITL 500 Repubblica Italiana series Banca d'Italia Il Direttore Generale del Tesoro: [illegible]; Il Cassiere Speciale: [illegible]; Vice Direttore Generale della Banca d'Italia: [illegible] Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato Allegorical female head representing Italy Allegorical female head representing Italy mythology,statesman Allegorical female head representing Italy (often identified with Minerva or Roma) in profile, surrounded by ornate baroque decorative elements including scrollwork and flourishes. The note displays 'CINQUECENTO' (five hundred) and 'LIRE' prominently, with intricate guilloché patterns and circular vignettes. This design represents the Italian Republic's banknote artistry of the 1970s, featuring allegorical rather than historical portraiture as was common in post-war Italian currency. Allegorical female head representing Italy in profile facing right, with classical styling showing curled hair in the Greek or Roman manner. The reverse displays 'REPUBBLICA ITALIANA' at top and 'CINQUECENTO 500' prominently at center, with 'BIGLIETTO DI STATO A CORSO LEGALE' (state note with legal tender status) below the denomination. The note includes geometric decorative patterns and the printer's name 'IPS OFF CARTE VALORI' and designer 'VANOELLI' at bottom edges. This 500 lire note belongs to the Repubblica Italiana series issued by the Italian state (not the Banca d'Italia) as legal tender state notes ('Biglietto di Stato'). The series was introduced under Decree Law No. 421 of August 14, 1974, and was part of Italy's post-war currency system before the introduction of the Euro in 2002. These notes featured allegorical representations of Italy rather than historical figures, continuing a tradition of symbolic imagery on Italian state banknotes. The 500 lire denomination was a mid-value note in circulation during the 1970s and was eventually replaced by a bimetallic coin in 1982. All Italian lira ceased to be legal tender on February 28, 2002, following Italy's adoption of the Euro. The visible serial number Q18 644322 follows the standard Italian format with a letter prefix and six-digit number. The signatures represent officials from the Ministry of Treasury and the State Printing Office who were authorized signatories during the 1970s issue period. P-95 it Q18 644322 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible creasing, some edge wear, and slight soiling. Paper remains intact with no tears visible.


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  Italy ITL 1000 Republica Italiana Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Carlo A. Ciampi; Il Cassiere: Filippo Giuseppe Verdi Giuseppe Verdi artist,writer Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901), Italy's greatest opera composer, known for works including La Traviata, Rigoletto, and Aida. The front features ornate guilloche patterns with two circular clear fields for watermark visibility, Italian coat of arms with the she-wolf of Rome at left, and the text 'CINQUECENTO' (Five Hundred) in large letters at bottom. The denomination 'LIRE' appears at center-right. Verdi appeared on this series as a symbol of Italian cultural achievement during the post-war Republic period. Giuseppe Verdi portrait at right, with an outline map of Italy in the background showing Rome and the Italian peninsula. The text 'PAGABILI A VISTA AL PORTATORE' (Payable on sight to bearer) appears at top. The denomination '1000' is prominently displayed vertically at center-left, with 'LIRE MILLE' at top and 'BANCA D'ITALIA' at bottom. The coat of arms with the Capitoline Wolf appears at upper center, symbolizing Rome as the capital of the Italian Republic. This is part of the Giuseppe Verdi 1000 lire series issued by Banca d'Italia during the Italian Republic period, first introduced in 1962 and continuing through multiple signature variants until 1983. The series honored the composer Giuseppe Verdi, whose image appeared on Italian currency for decades. The note bears signatures of Il Governatore (Governor) Carlo A. Ciampi and Il Cassiere (Cashier) whose signature appears as 'Filippo'. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi served as Governor of the Bank of Italy from 1979 to 1993, which helps date this note to the 1979–1983 period of this series. The Italian lira was replaced by the euro in 2002. Pick number P-101 represents the standard type for this denomination and design in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. 101 it VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible wear, creasing, and discoloration. Some edge wear visible. Overall detail remains clear.


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  Italy ITL 2000 Galileo series 1983 Banca d'Italia Il Governatore: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi; Il Cassiere: (signature illegible) Officina della Banca d'Italia Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei scientist View of Venice with the Doge's Palace (Palazzo Ducale) at center left, one of the most iconic Gothic buildings of Venice, the seat of the Doge and Venetian government from the 9th century until the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797. The building represents Venice's historical importance as a center of commerce, art, and political power in the Mediterranean world. Galileo Galilei (1564–1621), Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, and polymath who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He improved the telescope, made astronomical observations supporting heliocentrism, formulated the laws of motion and pioneered experimental science. He is widely regarded as the father of modern observational astronomy, modern physics, the scientific method, and modern science itself. This note belongs to the 1983–1990 Galileo series issued by Banca d'Italia, which featured the great scientist on the 2000 lire denomination. The series was part of Italy's pre-euro currency system and was withdrawn from circulation when the euro replaced the Italian lira on 1 January 2002, with a demonetization deadline of 28 February 2002. The signatures indicate Carlo Azeglio Ciampi as Governor, who served from 1979 to 1993 before becoming Prime Minister and later President of Italy. The note bears the inscription 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (The law punishes counterfeiters and distributors of false notes) and 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 6 GENNAIO 1982' on the front, establishing the legal framework for this issue. 103c it NF 015093 Q VF Circulated note with visible wear, fold marks, and general handling. Paper shows age-related discoloration but remains intact.


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  Italy ITL 10 Lire Biglietto di Stato (State Notes) Regno d'Italia Officina della Banca d'Italia Victor Emmanuel III Industrial machinery and themes monarch,industry Victor Emmanuel III (1869–1947), King of Italy from 1900 to 1946, who ruled during both World Wars and aligned Italy with fascism under Mussolini. His portrait appears on the back of this note. The front features industrial imagery including power transmission towers, electrical generators, and a ship, symbolizing Italy's industrial modernization under the fascist regime. The inscription 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 3 OTTOBRE 1940' indicates this design was authorized by ministerial decree of October 3, 1940. Text at bottom references 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' (the law punishes makers and distributors of counterfeit notes). The reverse features the profile portrait of Victor Emmanuel III facing right, with the text 'REGNO D'ITALIA BIGLIETTO DI STATO A CORSO LEGALE' (Kingdom of Italy State Note with Legal Tender) and denomination 'DIECI LIRE' (Ten Lire). The design includes checkered ornamental patterns and the Savoy coat of arms. The text confirms this is a state note (Biglietto di Stato) issued directly by the Kingdom rather than by the central bank. This 10 Lire note belongs to the Biglietto di Stato series issued by the Kingdom of Italy during World War II. The 'DECRETO MINISTERIALE 3 OTTOBRE 1940' visible on the front indicates this particular design variant was authorized in October 1940, during Italy's participation in WWII as part of the Axis powers. State notes (Biglietti di Stato) were issued directly by the government alongside central bank notes (Biglietti della Banca d'Italia). These notes circulated during the fascist period under Mussolini and were eventually replaced by Allied Military Currency after Italy's surrender in 1943. The industrial imagery reflects the regime's emphasis on modernization and autarky. Printed by the Officina della Banca d'Italia (Printing Office of the Bank of Italy). This specific variant (P-25c) is distinguished by the October 1940 decree date. 25c it VG Note shows significant circulation with staining, discoloration, and a pink ink mark on the reverse. Paper appears worn but intact with visible fold marks.


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  Italy Lira (ITL) 10 Lire Allied Military Currency Allied Military Government of Occupied Territories Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company (Boston) military Allied Military Currency 10 Lire note issued for use in Italy during World War II. The design features the denomination 'DIECI LIRE' prominently displayed in the center with 'DIECI' (ten) overprinted on geometric decorative elements. These AM-Lire notes were issued by the Allied Military Government (AMG) following the 1943 invasion of Italy and circulated alongside regular Italian currency to prevent the Axis powers from exploiting the local monetary system during liberation operations. The reverse features the text 'Credito Italiano' with '100' in a box at upper right (a security feature showing this is an overprinted 100 Lire base note revalued to 10 Lire), the denomination 'Lire cento' and location text 'a SPAR' (SPAR being a branch indicator). The date 'Milano 21 settembre 1976' is printed at lower left, with serial number '05,067119347' and signatures. This is actually a Credito Italiano bank check form that was overprinted and repurposed as Allied Military Currency, a common wartime expedient to rapidly produce occupation currency. This is Allied Military Currency (AM-Lira) issued for Italy during and after World War II, 1943–1950. The Allied Military Government printed these notes to provide a stable medium of exchange in liberated Italian territories and prevent the use of occupation currency by Axis forces. The front is clearly AMG issue with 'DIECI LIRE' denomination. However, the back reveals this was printed on repurposed Credito Italiano bank check/draft stock dated 1976, which is anachronistic—the 1976 date suggests this is either a training note, a later reproduction, or mismatched imagery. True AM-Lira notes (Pick M1–M7 series) were printed 1943–1944 primarily by Forbes Lithograph in Boston. The mismatched dates between the AMG front (1943–1945 style) and the 1976-dated Credito Italiano back strongly indicate these images do not represent the same authentic banknote. Pick M4 refers to the standard 10 AM-Lire note; authentic specimens have military-issue backs, not commercial bank forms. Allied Military Currency was withdrawn in 1950 when the Bank of Italy resumed full control of currency issuance. M4 it 734103 VG Heavy circulation wear, multiple folds, staining, and creasing throughout. Paper shows significant age discoloration and handling damage. Ink stamps visible on front.


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  Italy Allied Military Lira 50 Allied Military Currency Series A 1943 Allied Military Government Bureau of Engraving and Printing military Allied Military Currency 50 Lire note issued during World War II for use by Allied forces in Italy following the 1943 invasion. The front is heavily faded but retains visible cursive handwritten notation ('D.S.A.D. Station' or similar) and serial number verification marking. These notes were printed by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing and distributed to soldiers and for local transactions in liberated territories. Allied Military Government 50 Lire, Series of 1943 A. The back features ornate blue-green guilloche patterns and scrollwork with the denomination prominently displayed as 'CINQUANTA 50 LIRE' at center. Serial number A93012355A appears twice in red. Text 'ISSUED IN ITALY' appears on both sides of the denomination. These notes were a key component of the Allied occupation currency strategy, replacing local currency temporarily to prevent inflation and control the monetary supply during the Italian Campaign. Allied Military Currency (AMC) for Italy was issued beginning in 1943 following the Allied invasion of Sicily and mainland Italy. Series of 1943 A notes were printed in the United States and shipped to the Mediterranean theater. The 50 Lire denomination was among the most commonly used values. These notes circulated alongside Italian lira but were the primary currency for military payroll and local transactions in Allied-controlled areas until gradually phased out by 1950 as the Bank of Italy resumed normal operations. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced these notes using similar printing techniques to U.S. currency. Pick M15a specifically refers to the Series 1943 A issue with 'ISSUED IN ITALY' text. M15a en,it A93012355A VG Heavily faded front with significant wear, staining, and ink loss; back retains better color and detail; multiple folds and creases; handwritten notation on front; edges show wear


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  Italy Lira 1 Lira Allied Military Currency Series 1943 1943 Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories Bureau of Engraving and Printing military Allied Military Currency issued for use in Italy during and immediately after World War II. This 1 Lira note was part of the occupation currency series prepared by the Allied forces following the invasion of Sicily and mainland Italy in 1943. The note features entirely guilloche patterns with no portraits, reflecting the military administration's practical approach to emergency currency issue during wartime. Inscribed 'ALLIED MILITARY CURRENCY' at top. Reverse design prominently displays 'ISSUED IN ITALY' and 'SERIES 1943' with the denomination '1 LIRA' in large black text at center. The serial number A60126533A appears in red at bottom. Corner numerals '1' appear in each corner. The note is surrounded by a decorative guilloche border in blue-green with ornamental corner elements. This utilitarian design was typical of Allied Military Government currency, printed rapidly for occupation zones to provide stable currency while preventing use of Axis-controlled money. The Allied Military Currency (AM-lire) Series 1943 was issued by the Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories (AMGOT) during the Allied invasion and occupation of Italy following the successful Sicily campaign in July 1943. These notes were printed by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the British printers, circulating alongside (and eventually displacing) Italian Fascist currency. The AM-lire remained in circulation through the immediate post-war period until withdrawn in 1946, when the newly established Italian Republic restored the regular Italian lira. The 1 Lira denomination was the lowest value in the series. These notes are significant artifacts of WWII military occupation economics and the transition from Fascist to Republican Italy. Denominations ranged from 1 to 1000 lire, all following the same basic design template with variations in color and size. The serial number format with red printing and prefix/suffix letters (here 'A...A') is characteristic of this series. P-M15a en,it A60126533A VF Note shows circulation with visible vertical and horizontal folds, some soiling and edge wear. Paper retains structural integrity with no tears or missing pieces. Typical for a WWII military currency note that saw active use during the Italian campaign.


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  Italy Allied Military Lira 2 Lire Allied Military Currency (AM-lire) Series 1943 1943 Allied Military Government United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing military Allied Military Currency for occupied Italy featuring the text 'FREEDOM FROM WANT AND FEAR' and 'FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND WANT' surrounding a circular design. This note was issued by the Allied Military Government following the invasion of Italy in 1943 to provide stable currency for the Italian population and Allied forces. The AM-lire replaced the Fascist-era Italian lira in Allied-controlled zones. Simple typographic design stating 'ISSUED IN ITALY' with 'SERIES 1943' and denomination '2 LIRE' repeated in the four corners. Serial number A48861894A in red. The header reads 'ALLIED MILITARY CURRENCY'. This austere design was intended for rapid mass production and immediate circulation in liberated Italian territories during World War II. Allied Military Currency Series 1943 for Italy, commonly known as AM-lire, was issued by the Allied Military Government (AMG) following the Allied invasion of Sicily and mainland Italy in 1943. These notes were printed by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing and circulated alongside Italian lira until 1950. The series was designed to prevent inflation and provide a stable medium of exchange in war-torn Italy. The 2 Lire denomination was the lowest value in the series. The motto 'Freedom from Want and Fear' references Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech (1941), connecting the currency to Allied war aims. These notes were demonetized in 1950 after the Italian Republic established its own currency system. PM1 en,it A48861894A F Heavily circulated with significant wear, staining, and creasing throughout. Paper shows aging and discoloration consistent with 80+ years. Multiple fold lines visible on both sides.


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  Italy ITL 1000 Banca d'Italia Giuseppe Verdi artist,writer Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901), Italian Romantic composer renowned worldwide for his operas including Rigoletto, La traviata, Aida, and Otello. He is among Italy's most celebrated cultural figures and appeared on multiple denominations of the Italian Lira; his portrait on this 1000 Lire note reflects the Republic of Italy's tradition of honouring national artists and intellectuals on its currency during the second half of the 20th century. The back design is heavily obscured in the provided image but appears to show decorative elements typical of mid-to-late 20th century Italian Lira notes, which often featured architectural or cultural motifs complementing the portrait subject. Without clear identification of the specific imagery, the reverse subject cannot be confidently named. This is a 1000 Lire note from the Republic of Italy's Banca d'Italia, featuring Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian Lira served as Italy's currency from 1861 until its replacement by the Euro on January 1, 1999 (cash transition completed February 28, 2002). Verdi appeared on multiple series of the 1000 Lire denomination, including issues in the 1960s–1980s. Without a visible date or series inscription, and given the note's heavily worn and obscured condition, the exact issue year and series cannot be determined from the provided images. The serial number visible is SD 891759 A. The note shows significant wear, staining, and deterioration consistent with extended circulation. Italian Lira notes of this era were printed by various state printers including the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. it SD 891759 A Poor Extensively worn with heavy soiling, staining, creasing, and tears. The front image is severely faded and obscured. Multiple folds, edge wear, and surface damage throughout. The note has been in heavy circulation and shows advanced deterioration.


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  Italy ITL 1000 Lire Giuseppe Verdi series 1960 Banca d'Italia Il Dirett. Gen. del Tesoro: (signature); Il Cassiere Speciale: (signature); V. per la Corte dei Conti: (signature) Officina della Banca d'Italia Giuseppe Verdi La Scala Theatre statesman,architecture,writer La Scala Theatre in Milan, one of the world's most famous opera houses. Opened in 1778, it has been the site of premieres of many operas by Verdi and other Italian composers; the theatre is depicted in fine engraved detail showing its neoclassical facade. The building was reconstructed after World War II bombing and remains the principal opera house of Milan, closely associated with Giuseppe Verdi whose portrait appears on the reverse. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901), Italian Romantic composer of opera, widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of Italian opera in the 19th century. His works include Rigoletto, La traviata, Aida, and Nabucco. The stylized profile portrait shows the composer with characteristic wavy hair in classical allegorical style. Verdi's connection to La Scala Theatre (depicted on the front) was central to his career. This note belongs to the Giuseppe Verdi series issued by the Banca d'Italia under the authority of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), dated 21 febbraio 1962 (February 21, 1962) based on the decree date visible on the front vertical inscription. The series was introduced in 1962 and circulated through the 1960s-1970s as Italy's high-denomination note during the lira period. The 1000 lire denomination was common currency for larger transactions in post-war Italy. The note was printed by the Officina della Banca d'Italia (the Bank of Italy's own printing works). Designer attribution visible: LAZZARINI INV. on front, E. VANGELLI on back. The note features three signatures from officials of the Treasury, the Special Cashier, and the Court of Accounts (Corte dei Conti), reflecting Italy's complex fiscal oversight structure. This series was demonetized when Italy adopted the Euro on January 1, 2002, with lira notes ceasing to be legal tender by February 28, 2002. Pick catalog reference P-96. Serial number H35 930981 visible. 96 it H35 930981 VF Circulated note with visible aging, some soiling and edge wear. Surface shows age toning to cream/tan. Folds present but note remains intact.


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  Italy ITL 1000 Marco Polo series Banca d'Italia Officina Carte Valori Marco Polo Marco Polo statesman,writer,explorer Marco Polo (1254–1324), Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer whose travels along the Silk Road to China and service at the court of Kublai Khan were chronicled in 'Il Milione' (The Travels of Marco Polo), one of the most influential travel narratives in European history. His accounts introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China, significantly impacting European cartography and inspiring the Age of Exploration. The front features decorative guilloché patterns with circular medallions and the denomination '1000 LIRE' with serial prefix 'PPR' visible. Marco Polo portrait at left, shown in profile wearing a traditional cap, with decorative background featuring map elements and ornamental designs referencing his travels. The back bears text 'BANCA D'ITALIA' reversed (mirror image due to see-through register security feature) and includes a circular seal with symbolic imagery. The denomination '1000' appears vertically, and inscriptions 'IL GOVERNATORE' and 'IL CASSIERE' indicate signature positions. This 1000 Lire note belongs to the Marco Polo series issued by Banca d'Italia during the 1980s, specifically from 1982 to 1988 (various sources cite slightly different terminal dates, with some extending to 1990). The series replaced earlier 1000 Lire designs and circulated until Italy's adoption of the Euro on January 1, 1999 (with Lira banknotes remaining exchangeable until February 28, 2002, after which they were fully demonetized). Marco Polo was chosen to honour Italy's historical contributions to exploration and trade. The note features sophisticated intaglio printing and microtext security features typical of 1980s Italian currency production. Without a visible printed year or clearly legible signatures, precise issue year within the 1982–1988 range cannot be confidently determined from these images alone. 109 it PPR14297ED1921079 VF Note shows circulation wear with visible creases and some soiling. Colors remain reasonably strong but edges show handling wear. Corners slightly soft.


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  Italy ITL 1000 1992 Banca d'Italia Giuseppe Verdi Teatro alla Scala artist,architecture Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901), Italian Romantic composer renowned as one of the greatest opera composers in history. Verdi created iconic works including La Traviata, Rigoletto, Aida, and Otello, and his music became deeply intertwined with Italian national identity during the Risorgimento. His portrait appears on this 1000 lire note as recognition of his central place in Italian cultural heritage. Teatro alla Scala (La Scala) in Milan, one of the world's most prestigious opera houses where many of Verdi's works premiered. The neoclassical theatre, designed by Giuseppe Piermarini and opened in 1778, has been the spiritual home of Italian opera and a fitting tribute to Verdi, whose works have graced its stage throughout history. The architectural facade is shown in detailed engraving on the front of the note. This 1000 lire note belongs to the final series of Italian lira banknotes issued before the introduction of the euro in 2002. The 'Decreto Ministeriale 6 Gennaio 1992' is printed on the front, indicating this design was authorized by ministerial decree in January 1992. This Verdi design replaced earlier 1000 lire notes and circulated until Italy adopted the euro on January 1, 2002, with lira notes ceasing to be legal tender on February 28, 2002. The note features intricate intaglio printing and security threads typical of 1990s banknote production. 114 it FC 270614 A VF Note shows circulation with visible creases, slight discoloration/staining, and minor edge wear consistent with VF grade.


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  Italy Italian Lira (ITL) 1000 Lire / 500 Lire 1969 Banca d'Italia Il Dirett. Gen. del Tesoro: [signature]; Il Cassiere Speciale: [signature]; V. per la Corte dei Conti: [signature] Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato Head of Italia (allegorical female personification of Italy) architecture,mythology Teatro alla Scala (La Scala) in Milan, the world-renowned opera house inaugurated in 1778. Designed by neoclassical architect Giuseppe Piermarini, La Scala is one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally and has premiered works by Verdi, Puccini, Bellini, and Rossini among others. The building's facade with its distinctive arched windows is shown in detailed engraving, representing Italian cultural heritage and the nation's contribution to opera and performing arts. Head of Italia, the allegorical female personification of the Italian Republic, shown in classical profile facing right with elaborately curled hair in the Greco-Roman style. This symbolic representation of Italy as a goddess-like figure has been used on Italian currency since the late 19th century, embodying the nation's identity, unity, and connection to classical antiquity. The portrayal draws on Roman numismatic tradition and neoclassical artistic conventions. This note is part of the 1969-1981 series of Italian Republic banknotes issued by the Banca d'Italia. The front displays a 1000 Lire denomination while the back shows 500 Lire, indicating this is a mismatched pair of two different denominations rather than the front and back of a single note. The 1000 Lire note (front, featuring La Scala) corresponds to Pick P-101, part of the Decree 20 February 1969 issue. The 500 Lire note (back, featuring the Head of Italia) corresponds to a separate series. Both were part of the Italian Lira system that circulated until the euro replacement in 2002. The text 'LA LEGGE PUNISCE I FABBRICATORI E GLI SPACCIATORI DI BIGLIETTI FALSI' on the front warns that the law punishes counterfeiters and distributors of false notes. Engraver E. Vangelli is credited on the back. The Italian Lira was demonetized on 28 February 2002 following euro adoption. 101 it D15 675646 VF Note shows circulation wear with some discoloration, minor staining visible, and handling marks consistent with VF grade.


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  Jamaica JMD 5 Shillings Bank of Jamaica Law 1960 series 1960 Bank of Jamaica Acting Governor: G.A. Brown Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited Queen Elizabeth II Jamaican coat of arms monarch,statesman Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022), Queen of Jamaica and other Commonwealth realms from 1952 to 2022. This note was issued during the early years of her reign, when Jamaica was still transitioning from colonial currency to decimal coinage. The front features decorative guilloché patterns, the denomination 'CINQUECENTO LIRE' in large letters, and ornate baroque scrollwork with allegorical figures at left representing the Bank of Italy's authority. The Jamaican coat of arms featuring the national motto 'Out of Many, One People', flanked by two Taino figures (representing Jamaica's indigenous heritage), a crocodile and pineapples. The shield displays a red cross with five golden pineapples and the Royal Crest with the British lion above. Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II at left, with the inscription 'BANK OF JAMAICA' and denomination 'FIVE SHILLINGS'. Printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited as noted at bottom. This 5 shillings note was issued under the Bank of Jamaica Law 1960, which established the Bank of Jamaica as the island's central bank following independence preparations. The shilling currency system was used in Jamaica from 1840 to 1969, when it was replaced by the decimal Jamaican dollar at a rate of 10 shillings = 1 dollar. This series, printed by De La Rue, features Queen Elizabeth II and represents Jamaica's status as a Commonwealth realm. The note was withdrawn from circulation in 1969 during the currency decimalization. The signature is that of G.A. Brown, who served as Acting Governor during this transitional period. Serial prefix 'FM' indicates a specific print run within the series. 51Aa en FM717142 VF Note shows moderate circulation with visible folds, creases, and some soiling. Paper remains intact with no major tears. Colors remain reasonably vibrant though somewhat faded.


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  Jamaica JMD 50 Dollars 2004 Bank of Jamaica Governor: Derick Latibeaudiere De La Rue Samuel Sharpe Dunn's River Falls statesman,indigenous_culture,wildlife,agriculture Dunn's River Falls near Ocho Rios, one of Jamaica's most famous natural landmarks, a terraced waterfall cascading 180 feet into the Caribbean Sea. The falls are a major tourist attraction and national heritage site, flowing over natural limestone terraces through lush tropical vegetation. Samuel Sharpe (1801–1832), Jamaican national hero and Baptist deacon who led the 1831–32 Christmas Rebellion (Baptist War), the largest slave uprising in the British West Indies. His rebellion of some 60,000 enslaved people hastened the abolition of slavery in the British Empire; he was executed but posthumously designated a National Hero of Jamaica in 1975. The Jamaican coat of arms with its motto 'Out of Many, One People' appears at center. This note is from the Bank of Jamaica series issued during the early 2000s, dated 15.01.2004. Samuel Sharpe appears on all 50-dollar Jamaican notes from this era. The front depicts a pre-independence design (5 shillings) referencing Jamaica's colonial currency history, while the back shows the modern decimal currency (fifty dollars) introduced in 1969. The Bank of Jamaica introduced enhanced security features during this period to combat counterfeiting. This series was later replaced by polymer notes beginning in 2012. 83 en JK095403 VF Circulated note with visible wear, light soiling, and signs of handling; all design elements remain clear


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  Jamaica Jamaican Dollar 50 Dollar Bank of Jamaica Thomas De La Rue and Company Limited Doctor's Cave Beach architecture Doctor's Cave Beach in Montego Bay, Jamaica. This famous beach became internationally known in the 1920s after Dr. Alexander McCatty donated the land for public bathing, and claims of the healing properties of its waters attracted tourists from around the world. The beach has been central to Jamaica's tourism industry and appears on this Bank of Jamaica fifty dollar note as a symbol of the island's natural beauty and economic importance of tourism. Portrait of Itō Hirobumi (1841–1909), Japanese statesman and four-time Prime Minister of Japan, who played a crucial role in the Meiji Restoration and modernization of Japan. He was the principal author of the Meiji Constitution of 1889 and served as Japan's first Prime Minister. The text reads '日本銀券' (Bank of Japan Note) and '百円' (100 yen). The serial number UK351076H is visible, along with ornate decorative patterns typical of early to mid-20th century Japanese banknote design. This appears to be a mismatched pair of banknotes. The front image shows a Bank of Jamaica $50 note featuring Doctor's Cave Beach with text 'THOMAS DE LA RUE AND COMPANY LIMITED' at the bottom, indicating it was printed by the renowned British security printer De La Rue. This note belongs to one of Jamaica's earlier currency series from the post-independence era. The back image shows a Bank of Japan 100 yen note from the Series C period (1953–1974), featuring Itō Hirobumi. These are clearly two different banknotes from different countries, denominations, and time periods that have been photographed together. The Jamaica note likely dates from the 1960s–1980s period based on the design style and De La Rue printing. The Japanese note is from the mid-20th century based on Itō Hirobumi's appearance on 100 yen notes during that era. en VF Both notes show circulation wear with visible creasing and some discoloration typical of paper currency that has been in use.


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  Japan Yen 100 Nippon Ginko Convertible Note Nippon Ginko (Bank of Japan) Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance Mount Fuji architecture,wildlife The National Diet Building in Tokyo, completed in 1936 as the seat of Japan's bicameral legislature. The building's distinctive pyramid-shaped tower and neoclassical architecture made it a symbol of Japan's parliamentary democracy and was featured on currency during the post-WWII reconstruction period. The text 'NIPPON GINKO' appears at top with '100 YEN' at bottom. Mount Fuji, Japan's highest and most sacred mountain at 3,776 meters, depicted with cherry blossoms (sakura) in the foreground. Fuji-san has been a central symbol of Japanese culture and spirituality for centuries, revered in Shinto tradition and featured extensively in Japanese art. The Imperial chrysanthemum seal appears at top center. Vertical text on the right reads the denomination in Japanese characters. This is a Nippon Ginko (Bank of Japan) convertible note from the immediate post-WWII period (1946–1953), issued during the Allied Occupation. These notes were part of Japan's currency stabilization efforts following WWII hyperinflation and economic collapse. The series featured Japanese architectural and natural landmarks—deliberately chosen to rebuild national identity while being acceptable to occupation authorities. The 100 yen denomination was a workhorse note during reconstruction. These notes were replaced by the 1950s series Bank of Japan notes and formally demonetized in 1958. The red seal visible on the front is the Bank of Japan validation stamp. The series is catalogued as P-89 in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. 89 en,ja F Note shows significant circulation with staining, creasing, and edge wear. Paper is intact but heavily aged with discoloration throughout.


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  Japan Yen 50 Sen Shōwa 13 series 1938 Imperial Japanese Government Ministry of Finance Printing Bureau Mount Fuji architecture,nature The front features the denomination '50' prominently displayed within geometric guilloche patterns. The note displays the imperial chrysanthemum crest (kikumon), the 16-petaled symbol of the Japanese Imperial family which has appeared on Japanese currency since ancient times. The denomination is expressed in sen, a subunit of the yen (1/100 yen). Intricate wave-pattern borders frame the design. Mount Fuji (Fujisan), Japan's highest and most sacred mountain at 3,776 meters, dominates the reverse design with cherry blossoms (sakura) in the foreground. Mount Fuji has been a symbol of Japan for centuries and appears frequently on Japanese banknotes as an emblem of national identity. The chrysanthemum crest appears at top center, with text reading '大日本帝國政府紙幣' (Great Empire of Japan Government Note) and denomination '五拾錢' (50 sen). A red seal with the chrysanthemum crest appears at left. The serial number '783' in red appears twice. This 50 sen note belongs to the Shōwa 13 (1938) series, issued during Emperor Hirohito's reign and the Second Sino-Japanese War period. The series was introduced in 1938 (Shōwa year 13 in the Japanese calendar) and remained in circulation through WWII and into the early postwar period until 1948. After Japan's defeat in 1945, massive inflation devalued the currency; the Bank of Japan Act of 1946 created the post-war yen at 1:1 parity but emergency measures in 1946 effectively revalued currency. These pre-war government notes were gradually withdrawn and demonetized by 1953. The sen denomination (1/100 yen) ceased to be used after 1953 due to inflation. The note was printed by the Ministry of Finance Printing Bureau (later the National Printing Bureau). Pick P-59 is well-documented and relatively common in numismatic markets. P-59 ja 783 VF Note shows significant circulation wear, center fold, and staining throughout. Paper integrity intact with minor edge damage at bottom center.


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  Japan Yen 50 Sen Taishō/Shōwa Government Notes Series 1938 Government of Japan (Ministry of Finance) Government Printing Bureau Mount Fuji architecture,nature Government note denomination 50 sen (拾銭五, written in traditional right-to-left format) with geometric guilloche patterns and vertical inscription showing the note type. The central vertical text indicates this is an imperial government note. The design is dominated by intricate anti-counterfeiting guilloche rosettes with the denomination '50' repeated in symmetrical patterns. Mount Fuji (富士山), Japan's highest peak and most sacred mountain at 3,776 meters, depicted in the center with cherry blossom branches in the foreground. The chrysanthemum imperial seal appears at the top. The year notation at left shows Shōwa 13 (昭和十三年, 1938), and the text identifies this as a 50-sen note of the Imperial Japanese Government. Mount Fuji has been a national symbol since ancient times and frequently appears on Japanese currency as an emblem of cultural identity. This 50-sen note belongs to the government note series issued during the Shōwa period under wartime economic conditions. The visible year 'Shōwa 13' (昭和十三年) on the back corresponds to 1938 in the Western calendar. These government notes (政府紙幣) were issued directly by the Ministry of Finance rather than the Bank of Japan, a practice used to supplement currency supply during the Second Sino-Japanese War and later World War II. The series continued to be issued through 1948 and remained legal tender until demonetization in 1953 following post-war currency reforms. The note uses traditional right-to-left Japanese text orientation. Pick catalog reference P-59. 59 ja 1662 VF Visible center fold, some soiling and discoloration on paper, edges show wear, overall integrity intact


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  Japan JPY 50 Sen Japanese Military Currency - China 1938 Imperial Japanese Government military Japanese military occupation currency (Gunpyo) issued for use in occupied China during World War II. The note features the denomination 50 sen (五拾銭) in central vertical Chinese/Japanese characters, flanked by Arabic numerals '50' on both sides. Elaborate guilloche patterns provide anti-counterfeiting security. This military currency was issued by the Imperial Japanese Government to facilitate economic control in occupied territories. This is Japanese Military Yen (軍票, gunpyō), occupation currency issued by Imperial Japan for use in occupied China during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II (1937-1945). These notes were designed to replace local currencies and extract economic value from occupied territories while preserving Japan's domestic currency reserves. After Japan's surrender in 1945, all military currency became worthless and was demonetized. The 50 sen denomination was a fractional unit (100 sen = 1 yen). These notes are relatively common among collectors due to the large quantities printed during the occupation. M14 ja,zh VG Significant wear, soiling, and age toning throughout. Multiple folds and creases visible. Paper shows foxing and discoloration consistent with age and circulation during wartime.


