# review_events

event_type: edit
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:26:58
payload:
  {"by": "ui", "fields": ["denomination", "condition_grade", "currency", "series_name", "pick_number", "issue_year", "series_year", "serial_number", "country"]}

before_json:
  {"denomination": "500", "condition_grade": "XF", "currency": "AFN", "series_name": "SH1358 series", "pick_number": "60", "issue_year": "1979", "series_year": "1979", "serial_number": "\u06f6\u06f8\u06f8\u06f8\u06f2\u06f1\u06f5", "country": "Afghanistan"}

after_json:
  {"denomination": "1", "condition_grade": "UNC", "currency": "ARS", "series_name": "Austral series", "pick_number": null, "issue_year": "1985", "series_year": "1985", "serial_number": "12345", "country": "Argentina"}


event_type: edit
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:27:42
payload:
  {"by": "ui", "fields": ["era", "historical_notes", "reverse_subject", "issuer", "condition_notes", "language_script", "languages", "dimensions_mm", "themes", "series_range", "portrait_subject", "back_description", "current_value_low", "security_features", "color_palette", "value_currency", "acquired_currency", "current_value_high", "front_description", "serial_prefix", "series_name", "issuer_native", "rarity_tier", "legal_status"]}

before_json:
  {"era": "1946_1989", "historical_notes": "This note belongs to the SH1358 series issued by Da Afghanistan Bank during the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan period (1979-1991), concurrent with the Soviet-Afghan War. The series was introduced under the communist government and remained in circulation until the post-Taliban currency reform of 2002, when a new afghani was introduced at a rate of 1 new afghani = 1000 old afghanis. The 500 afghani denomination was among the higher values of this series, featuring traditional cultural imagery despite the modernizing agenda of the issuing government.", "reverse_subject": "Arg (Presidential Palace), Kabul", "issuer": "Da Afghanistan Bank", "condition_notes": "Note shows light handling with crisp paper and good color retention; minor edge wear visible", "language_script": "Arabic (Dari/Pashto), Latin", "languages": "ps,fa,en", "dimensions_mm": "155x74", "themes": "transport,indigenous_culture,architecture", "series_range": "1979-1991", "portrait_subject": null, "back_description": "The Arg (Presidential Palace) in Kabul, the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Afghanistan. Originally built in the 1880s during the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan, the complex sits on a hill overlooking Kabul and has served as the seat of Afghan government through multiple regimes. The palace compound includes administrative buildings, gardens, and defensive fortifications, representing the center of Afghan state authority.", "current_value_low": 3.0, "security_features": "microprint,intaglio,see_through_register", "color_palette": "#8b4513,#90ee90,#f5deb3", "value_currency": "USD", "acquired_currency": "USD", "current_value_high": 8.0, "front_description": "Traditional Afghan horsemen (buzkashi players) on horseback, depicting the national sport of Afghanistan. Buzkashi is a Central Asian equestrian game in which riders compete to place a goat or calf carcass in a goal; it has been played in Afghanistan for centuries and represents nomadic warrior traditions. The scene shows multiple riders in traditional dress mounted on horses, symbolizing Afghan cultural heritage and martial prowess.", "serial_prefix": "\u06f2\u06f5", "series_name": "Austral series", "issuer_native": "\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9", "rarity_tier": "common", "legal_status": "demonetized"}

after_json:
  {"era": null, "historical_notes": null, "reverse_subject": null, "issuer": "Banco Central", "condition_notes": null, "language_script": "Latin", "languages": "es", "dimensions_mm": null, "themes": "statesman", "series_range": "1985-1991", "portrait_subject": "Manuel Belgrano", "back_description": null, "current_value_low": null, "security_features": null, "color_palette": null, "value_currency": null, "acquired_currency": null, "current_value_high": null, "front_description": null, "serial_prefix": null, "series_name": "Austral", "issuer_native": null, "rarity_tier": null, "legal_status": null}


event_type: edit
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:29:41
payload:
  {"by": "ui", "fields": ["issuer_native", "commemorative", "successor_currency", "series_range", "language_script", "reverse_subject", "default_value_high", "dimensions_mm", "languages", "currency", "security_features", "country", "legal_status", "era", "series_name", "pick_number", "back_description", "rarity_tier", "front_description", "color_palette", "denomination", "predecessor_currency", "themes", "default_value_low", "legal_status_date", "issuer", "historical_notes", "material"]}

before_json:
  {"issuer_native": null, "commemorative": null, "successor_currency": null, "series_range": null, "language_script": null, "reverse_subject": null, "default_value_high": null, "dimensions_mm": null, "languages": null, "currency": null, "security_features": null, "country": null, "legal_status": null, "era": null, "series_name": null, "pick_number": null, "back_description": null, "rarity_tier": null, "front_description": null, "color_palette": null, "denomination": null, "predecessor_currency": null, "themes": null, "default_value_low": null, "legal_status_date": null, "issuer": null, "historical_notes": null, "material": null}

after_json:
  {"issuer_native": "\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9", "commemorative": false, "successor_currency": "New Afghani", "series_range": "1990-2002", "language_script": "Perso-Arabic", "reverse_subject": "Mazar-e-Sharif Blue Mosque", "default_value_high": 2.0, "dimensions_mm": "130x65", "languages": "ps,fa", "currency": "AFN", "security_features": "geometric_patterns,microprint", "country": "Afghanistan", "legal_status": "withdrawn", "era": "1990_present", "series_name": "1990 Government Issue", "pick_number": "55", "back_description": "The Afghan national emblem (coat of arms) showing a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, encircled by sheaves of wheat, with the date 1369 (1990 CE in the Solar Hijri calendar). The emblem represents Afghanistan's Islamic identity and agricultural heritage. The circular emblem on the right contains text in Dari Persian and Pashto, the two official languages of Afghanistan, affirming the nation's sovereignty and Islamic character.", "rarity_tier": "common", "front_description": "The Shrine of Hazrat Ali (Blue Mosque) in Mazar-e-Sharif, northern Afghanistan. This mosque is one of the holiest sites in Afghanistan, believed by some to be the burial place of Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. The shrine complex features distinctive blue-tiled domes and minarets and has been a pilgrimage site for centuries, representing the country's rich Islamic heritage and architectural tradition. The depiction shows the mosque's iconic skyline with multiple domes and white doves symbolizing peace.", "color_palette": "#d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3", "denomination": "1 Afghani", "predecessor_currency": "Afghani (pre-1990)", "themes": "architecture,religion", "default_value_low": 0.5, "legal_status_date": "2002", "issuer": "Da Afghanistan Bank", "historical_notes": "This note belongs to the 1990 Government Issue series of Afghanistan, produced during the final years of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and continuing through the early years of the Islamic State. The series was issued during a period of civil war following Soviet withdrawal in 1989. The 1 Afghani denomination was the lowest value note of this series. These notes were replaced in 2002 when the new Afghan government introduced the New Afghani at a rate of 1 New Afghani = 1,000 old Afghanis following decades of inflation and instability. The note's design emphasizes Afghanistan's Islamic heritage through its depiction of the Blue Mosque, one of the country's most revered religious sites.", "material": "paper"}


event_type: edit
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:30:39
payload:
  {"by": "ui", "fields": ["predecessor_currency", "default_value_low", "series_year", "default_value_high"]}

before_json:
  {"predecessor_currency": "Mil R\u00e9is", "default_value_low": 3.0, "series_year": "1288A", "default_value_high": 15.0}

after_json:
  {"predecessor_currency": "Mil-r\u00e9is", "default_value_low": 2.0, "series_year": null, "default_value_high": 8.0}


event_type: recrop
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:12
payload:
  {"front": {"status": "ok", "aspect": 2.161870503597122, "image_id": 225}, "back": {"status": "ok", "aspect": 2.172222222222222, "image_id": 226}}


event_type: use_image
created_at: 2026-05-09 11:04:29
after_json: {"me_front": 585, "me_back": 587, "donor_id": 294, "donor_front": 586, "donor_back": 588}
before_json:
  {"me_front": 585, "me_back": 586, "donor_front": 587, "donor_back": 588, "side": "back", "source_side": "front"}


event_type: use_image
created_at: 2026-05-09 11:04:47
after_json: {"me_front": 585, "me_back": 584, "donor_id": 292, "donor_front": 583, "donor_back": 587}
before_json:
  {"me_front": 585, "me_back": 587, "donor_front": 583, "donor_back": 584, "side": "back", "source_side": "back"}


event_type: use_image
created_at: 2026-05-09 11:07:13
after_json: {"me_front": 580, "me_back": 582, "donor_id": 290, "donor_front": 579, "donor_back": 581}
before_json:
  {"me_front": 581, "me_back": 582, "donor_front": 579, "donor_back": 580, "side": "front", "source_side": "back"}


event_type: use_image
created_at: 2026-05-09 11:07:23
after_json: {"me_front": 580, "me_back": 581, "donor_id": 290, "donor_front": 579, "donor_back": 582}
before_json:
  {"me_front": 580, "me_back": 582, "donor_front": 579, "donor_back": 581, "side": "back", "source_side": "back"}


# banknote_types

country: Afghanistan
currency: AFN
denomination: 1 Afghani
series_name: 1990 Government Issue
series_range: 1990-2002
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2002
predecessor_currency: Afghani (pre-1990)
successor_currency: New Afghani
issuer: Da Afghanistan Bank
issuer_native: د افغانستان بانک
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
security_features: geometric_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Mazar-e-Sharif Blue Mosque
themes: architecture,religion
pick_number: 55
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Perso-Arabic
languages: ps,fa
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:33:37
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:11:33
front_description:
  The Shrine of Hazrat Ali (Blue Mosque) in Mazar-e-Sharif, northern Afghanistan. This mosque is one of the holiest sites in Afghanistan, believed by some to be the burial place of Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. The shrine complex features distinctive blue-tiled domes and minarets and has been a pilgrimage site for centuries, representing the country's rich Islamic heritage and architectural tradition. The depiction shows the mosque's iconic skyline with multiple domes and white doves symbolizing peace.

back_description:
  The Afghan national emblem (coat of arms) showing a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, encircled by sheaves of wheat, with the date 1369 (1990 CE in the Solar Hijri calendar). The emblem represents Afghanistan's Islamic identity and agricultural heritage. The circular emblem on the right contains text in Dari Persian and Pashto, the two official languages of Afghanistan, affirming the nation's sovereignty and Islamic character.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1990 Government Issue series of Afghanistan, produced during the final years of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and continuing through the early years of the Islamic State. The series was issued during a period of civil war following Soviet withdrawal in 1989. The 1 Afghani denomination was the lowest value note of this series. These notes were replaced in 2002 when the new Afghan government introduced the New Afghani at a rate of 1 New Afghani = 1,000 old Afghanis following decades of inflation and instability. The note's design emphasizes Afghanistan's Islamic heritage through its depiction of the Blue Mosque, one of the country's most revered religious sites.


country: Argentina
currency: ARS
denomination: 1
series_name: Austral
series_year: 1985
series_range: 1985-1991
issue_year: 1985
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Afghani (second issue)
issuer: Banco Central
issuer_native: Banco Central de la República Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 157x72
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#9acd32,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Manuel Belgrano
reverse_subject: Bala Hissar fortress
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-323a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:33:37
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:09:10
front_description:
  Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820), Argentine economist, lawyer, politician and military leader. Prominent in the Argentine War of Independence; creator of the national flag.

back_description:
  Depiction of the Cabildo of Buenos Aires, a historic building, which was the seat of government during the colonial period.

historical_notes:
  Austral series, issued from 1985 to 1991, amidst economic instability. Replaced the Peso Argentino during hyperinflation.


country: Afghanistan
currency: AFN
denomination: 1000
series_name: SH1370 series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1992
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002
predecessor_currency: Afghani (pre-reform)
successor_currency: New Afghani
issuer: Da Afghanistan Bank
issuer_native: د افغانستان بانک
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x70
watermark: Unknown man wearing a turban in a clear field at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a76a,#8fbc8f,#704214
reverse_subject: Mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani in Kandahar with doves
themes: architecture,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 61c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic,Pashto,Dari
languages: ps,fa,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:33:38
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:09:22
front_description:
  Paghman Gardens arch in Kabul, a historic recreational site built in the early 20th century northwest of Kabul, featuring a triumphal arch that was a symbol of Afghan modernization during the reign of King Amanullah Khan. The gardens were extensively damaged during the Soviet-Afghan War and subsequent conflicts. The note features ornate geometric Islamic patterns in the corners.

back_description:
  The Mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1722–1772) in Kandahar, founder of the Durrani Empire and regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. The shrine, built in 1772, is one of Afghanistan's most important religious and historical sites, featuring distinctive blue-tiled domes. White doves are shown flying around the mausoleum, symbolizing peace. The serial number appears in Eastern Arabic numerals at upper right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the SH1370 (Solar Hijri year 1370, corresponding to 1991–1992 CE) series issued by Da Afghanistan Bank during the final years of the Najibullah government and the early period of the Afghan Civil War. The 1000 Afghani denomination was issued to cope with high inflation during this turbulent period. This series was eventually replaced in 2002 with the new Afghani at a rate of 1000 old Afghanis to 1 new Afghani following the fall of the Taliban and establishment of the transitional government.


country: Afghanistan
currency: AFN
denomination: 1
series_name: SH1381 series
series_year: 2002
series_range: 2002–2004
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2004
predecessor_currency: Afghani (1925–2002)
successor_currency: New Afghani (2002–present, redenomination)
issuer: Da Afghanistan Bank
issuer_native: د افغانستان بانک
signatures: Governor: Anwar ul-Haq Ahady; Minister of Finance: Ashraf Ghani
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
security_features: geometric_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#f5deb3,#8b4545
reverse_subject: National emblem of Afghanistan
themes: architecture,religion
pick_number: 64
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic,Latin
languages: ps,fa,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:33:39
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:09:32
front_description:
  Mausoleum of King Habibullah Kalakani (also known as Mausoleum of Bacha-i-Saqao) in Kabul, Afghanistan. This shrine with its distinctive domes represents Islamic architecture and is a historically significant religious structure in Kabul. The mausoleum honors Habibullah Kalakani, who briefly ruled Afghanistan in 1929. The building features characteristic Central Asian Islamic architectural elements including multiple domes, minarets, and ornate details. This note was issued by Da Afghanistan Bank during the transitional period following the fall of the Taliban regime.

back_description:
  National emblem of Afghanistan (1992–2004 variant) featuring a mosque with mihrab and minbar at center, flanked by wheat sheaves, with the national motto inscribed above in Persian script. The emblem includes the takbir 'Allahu Akbar' (God is Great) and the hijri year 1298 (1919 CE, marking Afghan independence). This version of the emblem was used during the Islamic State of Afghanistan period. The design incorporates geometric patterns characteristic of Islamic decorative art.

historical_notes:
  This 1 Afghani note belongs to the SH1381 (2002 CE) series issued by Da Afghanistan Bank following the establishment of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. The solar hijri year 1381 corresponds to 2002–2003 CE. This series represented the restoration of the pre-Taliban currency system and was part of Afghanistan's monetary stabilization efforts under international assistance. The series was short-lived, as a currency reform in 2002 (effective 2003) introduced the New Afghani at a rate of 1 New Afghani = 1000 old Afghanis. These notes circulated during a critical transitional period in Afghan history.


country: Albania
currency: Albanian lek
denomination: 1 lek
series_name: Socialist Republic series
series_year: 1976
series_range: 1976–1991
issue_year: 1976
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
successor_currency: New Albanian lek
issuer: Bank of the State of Albania
issuer_native: Banka e Shtetit Shqiptar
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x60
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #90a955,#b8956a,#4a6fa5
reverse_subject: Rozafa Castle, Shkodër
themes: agriculture,statesman,architecture,military
pick_number: P-40a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: sq
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:33:56
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:11:37
front_description:
  An idealized depiction of Albanian workers or farmers—a man pointing forward and a woman with wheat sheaves—representing socialist labor and agriculture. This imagery was characteristic of Albania's communist-era banknotes under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, symbolizing the collectivization of agriculture and the industrious spirit promoted by the socialist state.

back_description:
  Rozafa Castle (Kalaja e Rozafës) in Shkodër, one of Albania's most important and oldest fortifications, dating to antiquity with significant Illyrian, Venetian, and Ottoman additions. The castle sits on a rocky hill at the confluence of three rivers and has been a strategic military site throughout Albanian history; it is named after the legendary figure Rozafa from Albanian folklore.

historical_notes:
  This 1 lek note belongs to the Socialist Republic of Albania series issued from 1976 during the communist regime under Enver Hoxha. The series reflected socialist ideology with depictions of workers, agricultural themes, and national landmarks. These notes were demonetized in 1992 following the fall of communism and the transition to democracy, when Albania introduced a new lek currency to stabilize the economy during the post-communist transformation.


country: Antarctica
currency: Antarctica Dollar
denomination: 2
series_name: Commemorative Issue
series_range: 1999–1999
issue_year: 1999
era: 1990_present
legal_status: not_legal_tender
issuer: Antarctica Overseas Exchange Office Ltd.
signatures: Comptroller: D. John Hamilton
printer: British American Banknote Co.
material: paper
security_features: microprint, uv
color_palette: #5a7a8a,#d4a574,#3d3d3d
portrait_subject: Gentoo penguins
reverse_subject: Mount Erebus
themes: wildlife,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Tragedy of 901 (Air New Zealand Flight 901 crash, November 28, 1979)
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:00
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:09:49
front_description:
  Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in their natural Antarctic habitat against a rocky outcrop at sunset. These medium-sized penguins are among the most common Antarctic species, known for their distinctive white stripe across the crown and bright orange-red bill. The note is dated November 28, 1999, and issued by Antarctica Overseas Exchange Office Ltd., a private entity that produced fantasy banknotes for collectors and Antarctic tourism.

back_description:
  Mount Erebus, the southernmost active volcano on Earth, located on Ross Island in Antarctica at 3,794 meters elevation. The note commemorates the 'Tragedy of 901' — the crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 on November 28, 1979, which killed all 257 people aboard when the aircraft flew into the slopes of Mount Erebus during a sightseeing flight. The back displays horizontal bands in blue, gray, and gold, with the Southern Cross constellation and New Zealand flag visible. The date 28.11.1979 marks the anniversary of the disaster.

historical_notes:
  This is a fantasy or private commemorative issue produced by Antarctica Overseas Exchange Office Ltd., not legal tender of any recognized government. Antarctica has no official currency or monetary authority, being governed by the Antarctic Treaty System. Such privately-issued 'Antarctica Dollars' were produced from the 1990s onwards as collectibles and souvenirs, often sold to tourists visiting Antarctic research stations or aboard expedition cruise ships. This particular note commemorates one of New Zealand's worst peacetime disasters, the Mount Erebus crash of 1979, which occurred exactly 20 years before the note's nominal issue date. Printed by British American Banknote Co., these notes have no purchasing power but serve as commemorative pieces related to Antarctic history and exploration.


country: Argentina
currency: ARA
denomination: 1
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985-1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992-01-01
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #a8d5ba,#f5f5dc,#4a7c59
reverse_subject: Allegorical figure of Liberty with Argentine flag and national symbols
themes: statesman,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 323
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:02
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:11:50
front_description:
  The 1 Austral note features stylized indigenous Argentine motifs including geometric patterns and a schematic representation of traditional textile designs. The front displays an armadillo (quirquincho) at right, an animal native to Argentina and symbolic of the country's fauna. The denomination 'Un Austral' appears prominently, with the issuer 'BANCO CENTRAL DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA' printed vertically at left.

back_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Liberty, seated and holding a staff with the Phrygian cap, surrounded by laurel branches and the Argentine flag. This classical republican iconography has been used on Argentine currency since the 19th century. The Argentine coat of arms appears at lower left, with agricultural elements (wheat sheaves) representing Argentina's agricultural wealth. The text 'REPUBLICA ARGENTINA' appears vertically at right.

historical_notes:
  The Austral was introduced on June 15, 1985, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos, as part of the Austral Plan to combat hyperinflation under President Raúl Alfonsín. The currency was named after the geographical term for 'southern' (austral). Despite initial stabilization efforts, Argentina experienced renewed hyperinflation in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Austral was replaced by the Peso Convertible (also called simply Peso) on January 1, 1992, at a rate of 1 Peso = 10,000 Australes. The 1 Austral note was the lowest denomination of this series and featured a design emphasizing Argentina's indigenous heritage and republican traditions.


country: Angola
currency: Kwanza
denomination: 5
series_name: Kwanza Reajustado series
series_year: 2012
series_range: 2012–present
issue_year: 2012
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Kwanza
issuer: Banco Nacional de Angola
issuer_native: Banco Nacional de Angola
signatures: Governor: José de Lima Massano
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 135x65
watermark: Portrait of José Eduardo dos Santos
security_features: thread,hologram,microprint,see_through_register,raised_print
color_palette: #d4d6b8,#8b7355,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: José Eduardo dos Santos
reverse_subject: Ruacana Falls
themes: statesman,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: 151A
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:04
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:09:40
front_description:
  José Eduardo dos Santos (1942–2022), President of Angola from 1979 to 2017 and leader of the MPLA (People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola). He led the country through most of its post-independence history, overseeing the transition from civil war to peace and from socialist to market economy. The front also features an image of workers ascending or working on what appears to be industrial infrastructure, likely representing Angola's oil and industrial development that occurred during his presidency.

back_description:
  Ruacana Falls on the Kunene River, located on the border between Angola and Namibia. These waterfalls are approximately 120 meters high and are an important natural landmark in southern Angola. The falls are also the site of the Ruacana hydroelectric power station, which provides electricity to both Angola and Namibia, making this depiction representative of Angola's natural resources and energy infrastructure development.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Kwanza Reajustado series introduced in 2012, part of Angola's continued currency stabilization following decades of civil war and hyperinflation. The 2012 polymer series replaced earlier paper notes with more durable and secure polymer banknotes. The series features President José Eduardo dos Santos on multiple denominations, reflecting his long tenure as head of state. The date 'OUTUBRO 2012' (October 2012) marks the official issue date of this series. The note's imagery emphasizes both industrial development and natural resources, key themes of Angola's post-war reconstruction and economic growth driven largely by oil revenues.


country: Argentina
currency: ARA
denomination: 5
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985–1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Allegorical figure of Liberty in clear field at left
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio
color_palette: #d4a373,#c97a7e,#8b7355
reverse_subject: Allegorical figure of Liberty
themes: statesman,commemorative
pick_number: 324
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:17
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:11:54
front_description:
  The front features an abstract geometric design incorporating stylized elements representing progress and modernity, typical of the Austral currency series introduced in 1985 to combat hyperinflation. The denomination '5' appears prominently at right with 'Cinco Australes' text, accompanied by guilloche patterns and security features. The Austral was Argentina's currency from 1985 to 1991, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos.

back_description:
  The reverse depicts an allegorical female figure representing Liberty (La Libertad), a classical personification commonly used on Argentine currency since the late 19th century. She is shown in flowing robes holding a torch and liberty cap, surrounded by laurel branches and decorative elements symbolizing freedom and national sovereignty. This iconography connects the Austral series to Argentina's numismatic traditions while the denomination 'Cinco Australes' appears at center right.

historical_notes:
  The Austral currency series was introduced by the Alfonsín administration in June 1985 as part of the Austral Plan to stabilize Argentina's economy during severe hyperinflation. The 5 Australes note (Pick 324) was among the initial denominations issued. The currency ultimately failed to control inflation, and by 1991 inflation had reached extreme levels again. The Austral was replaced by the Peso Convertible in January 1992 at a rate of 1 Peso = 10,000 Australes, under President Menem's Convertibility Plan.


country: Argentina
currency: ARA
denomination: 50
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985–1991
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente; Gerente General
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x65
watermark: Sun of May in clear field at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #8B4557,#D4C5B5,#5D4E6D
portrait_subject: Bartolomé Mitre
reverse_subject: Allegory of Liberty with Argentine coat of arms
themes: statesman,military
pick_number: P-326
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:04
front_description:
  Bartolomé Mitre (1821–1906), Argentine statesman, military leader, author, and the first constitutional president of unified Argentina (1862–1868). He founded the influential newspaper La Nación in 1870 and played a crucial role in organizing the modern Argentine state. His portrait appears with his name inscribed above. The Austral symbol (₳) appears at left with the denomination.

back_description:
  Allegorical figure of Liberty seated, holding the Phrygian cap on a staff, with the Argentine national coat of arms at her feet featuring the handshake symbolizing fraternity, the Phrygian cap of liberty, and laurel branches. This classical representation embodies the republican ideals of the Argentine nation. Printed by Casa de Moneda as indicated at lower left.

historical_notes:
  The Austral was introduced on June 15, 1985, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos as part of the Austral Plan to combat hyperinflation. Despite initial success, hyperinflation returned and the Austral was itself replaced by the Peso Convertible in 1992 at 10,000 Australes = 1 Peso. This 50 Australes note represents a relatively low denomination from a period of severe monetary instability in Argentina.


country: Argentina
currency: ARA
denomination: 10
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985–1991
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente; Gerente General
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x65
watermark: Santiago Derqui portrait
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c4b0,#8b7355,#4a6b8a
portrait_subject: Santiago Derqui
reverse_subject: Allegory of Progress and Liberty
themes: statesman
pick_number: P-325
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:35
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:11:57
front_description:
  Santiago Derqui (1809–1867), the sixth President of Argentina who served from 1860 to 1861 during the critical period of national unification. A lawyer and politician from Córdoba, Derqui played a significant role in Argentine constitutional history, presiding over the country during the transition from the Argentine Confederation to the unified Argentine Republic. His presidency was marked by the conflict between Buenos Aires and the Confederation, culminating in the Battle of Pavón. The note features his name inscribed vertically at right.

back_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Progress or Liberty, seated and holding aloft a torch or sun symbol, surrounded by laurel branches and the Argentine coat of arms featuring the Sun of May. This classical allegorical imagery reflects 19th-century republican iconography common to Argentine state symbolism. The inscription 'CASA DE MONEDA' confirms domestic printing.

historical_notes:
  The Austral series was introduced on June 15, 1985, replacing the peso argentino at a rate of 1 austral = 1,000 pesos argentinos, as part of the Austral Plan economic reforms under President Raúl Alfonsín to combat hyperinflation. The currency initially stabilized prices but ultimately succumbed to renewed hyperinflation by 1989–1991. The austral was replaced by the peso convertible on January 1, 1992, at a rate of 10,000 australes = 1 peso. This 10 australes note is among the lower denominations of the series, which eventually required notes up to 500,000 australes.


country: Argentina
currency: Austral
denomination: 10
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985-1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#9b7ba0,#e8d5b7
portrait_subject: Manuel Belgrano
reverse_subject: Allegorical figure of Liberty
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-325
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:36
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:00
front_description:
  Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820), Argentine economist, lawyer, politician and military leader who created the flag of Argentina and led the Army of the North during the wars of independence against Spain. He is one of Argentina's most revered founding fathers, honored on multiple currency issues for his role in establishing the nation's independence and national symbols. The design includes guilloche patterns and the denomination '10' with 'Diez Australes' in a decorative panel.

back_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Liberty or the Argentine Republic, depicted in classical style with flowing robes and surrounded by agricultural and industrial symbols including wheat sheaves and industrial implements. This allegorical representation was common on Argentine banknotes of the period, symbolizing the nation's progress, abundance, and republican values. The denomination '10' and 'Diez Australes' appear prominently in the design.

historical_notes:
  The Austral was introduced on June 15, 1985, by President Raúl Alfonsín's government as part of the Austral Plan to combat hyperinflation, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos. The currency was named after the Spanish word for 'southern' and used the symbol ₳. Despite initial success, hyperinflation resumed by 1989, reaching over 3,000% annually. The Austral was replaced by the Peso Convertible (current Argentine Peso) in 1992 at a rate of 1 Peso = 10,000 Australes. This 10 Australes note is part of the original series issued by Casa de Moneda and represents a brief but significant period in Argentine monetary history.


country: Argentina
currency: ARP
denomination: 1000
series_name: Peso Argentino series
series_range: 1983-1985
issue_year: 1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1985-06-14
predecessor_currency: Peso Ley 18.188
successor_currency: Austral
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
issuer_native: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Gerente General: [illegible]; Presidente: [illegible]
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Portrait of General José de San Martín in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: José de San Martín
reverse_subject: Casa Rosada
themes: military,statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-317
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:58
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:10:01
front_description:
  General José de San Martín (1778–1850), Argentine general and primary leader of the southern part of South America's wars of independence from Spain. He led the liberation armies across the Andes to Chile and Peru, is regarded as Argentina's national hero, and appears on multiple Argentine currency series. The note bears his title 'Gral SAN MARTIN' and shows him in military dress.

back_description:
  Casa Rosada (the Pink House), the executive mansion and office of the President of Argentina, located in Buenos Aires at Plaza de Mayo. The building has served as the seat of government since 1862 and is one of the most iconic political landmarks in Argentina. The view shows the building's neoclassical Italian Renaissance facade with the Argentine flag flying above.

historical_notes:
  This 1,000 peso note belongs to the Peso Argentino series issued from 1983 to 1985 during a period of severe hyperinflation. The Peso Argentino replaced the Peso Ley 18.188 at a rate of 10,000:1 in June 1983. Due to continued inflation reaching over 1,000% annually, the Peso Argentino was replaced by the Austral on June 14, 1985 at a rate of 1,000:1. The series is characterized by portraits of national heroes and landmarks, printed by Casa de Moneda.


country: Argentina
currency: ARA
denomination: 100
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985–1991
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992-01-01
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente: signature visible; Gerente General: signature visible
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Sun of May in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4545,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Julio Argentino Roca
reverse_subject: Allegory of Progress
themes: statesman,military,commemorative
pick_number: P-327
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:34:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:11
front_description:
  Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914), Argentine military officer and two-term president (1880–1886, 1898–1904) who led the Conquest of the Desert campaign expanding Argentine territory into Patagonia and was a dominant figure in the Generation of '80 that modernized Argentina. He appears on this note as part of the Austral currency series introduced during economic reforms to combat hyperinflation in the mid-1980s.

back_description:
  Allegory of Progress, depicted as a classical female figure holding a torch aloft and a caduceus (symbol of commerce), seated with the Argentine coat of arms. This allegorical representation symbolizes Argentina's aspirations for economic advancement and national development during a period of severe monetary instability.

historical_notes:
  The Austral was introduced on June 15, 1985, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos during the Alfonsín administration's Plan Austral anti-inflation program. The currency was named after the southern hemisphere (austral meaning 'southern'). Despite initial success, hyperinflation returned by 1989, and the Austral was replaced by the Peso Convertible in 1992 at 1 peso = 10,000 australes. The 100 Australes denomination was issued throughout the series' brief existence and became increasingly devalued as inflation accelerated. This series featured prominent Argentine historical figures and allegorical imagery representing national ideals.


country: Argentina
currency: ARS
denomination: 10
series_name: Peso Convertible series
series_range: 1992–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Austral
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente B.C.R.A.; Presidente B.C. Diputados
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x65
watermark: Portrait of Manuel Belgrano in clear field at left
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b4513,#9acd32
portrait_subject: Manuel Belgrano
reverse_subject: Creation of the Argentine Flag scene
themes: statesman,military,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Creation of the Argentine flag by Manuel Belgrano
pick_number: 354
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:35:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:21
front_description:
  Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820), Argentine economist, lawyer, politician and military leader who created the flag of Argentina in 1812 and led the Army of the North during the wars of independence. He is among the most honoured figures in Argentine history for his role in securing independence from Spain. The design includes native flora and a small figure of a revolutionary soldier with a drum at right. Text reads 'MANUEL BELGRANO BUENOS AIRES 1770-1820' and describes him as the hero of multiple battles including those in defense of the Patria.

back_description:
  Scene depicting the creation of the Argentine flag by Manuel Belgrano on February 27, 1812, on the banks of the Paraná River near Rosario. Shows soldiers raising the blue and white flag with Belgrano on horseback. The inscription 'CREACIÓN DE LA BANDERA' commemorates this founding moment of Argentine national identity. Text includes a quote from Juana Azurduy, heroine of independence: 'Juremos vencer a nuestros enemigos interiores y exteriores, y la América del Sud será el templo de la Independencia, de la unión y de la libertad. En fe de que así lo juráis, decid conmigo... Viva la Patria.'

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Peso Convertible series introduced in 1992 to replace the Austral at a rate of 10,000 australes to 1 peso convertible, during the Convertibility Plan that pegged the peso 1:1 to the US dollar. The 10 peso denomination honours Manuel Belgrano, one of Argentina's founding fathers, and specifically commemorates his creation of the national flag in 1812. This series remained in circulation through the 2001–2002 economic crisis and subsequent devaluation. The design was produced by Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina and features enhanced security elements including watermarks, security thread, and intaglio printing.


country: Argentina
currency: Austral
denomination: 1000
series_name: Austral series
series_range: 1985–1991
issue_year: 1989
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
predecessor_currency: Peso Argentino
successor_currency: Peso Convertible
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
issuer_native: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente: [illegible]; Gerente General: [illegible]
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Liberty/Progress figure in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#d2b48c,#4b0082
portrait_subject: Julio Argentino Roca
reverse_subject: Allegory of Liberty/Progress
themes: statesman,mythology
pick_number: 329
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:35:35
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:11:09
front_description:
  The front features the denomination '1000 Mil Australes' prominently displayed with the issuer's name 'BANCO CENTRAL DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA' vertically aligned. The design includes intricate guilloche patterns in burgundy and brown tones forming the main security background. Two signatures appear with titles 'PRESIDENTE' and 'GERENTE GENERAL'. The Austral currency was introduced in June 1985 to combat hyperinflation, replacing the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos, but itself succumbed to hyperinflation by the early 1990s.

back_description:
  Allegory of Liberty or Progress, a classical female figure in flowing robes with Phrygian cap, seated with agricultural and industrial symbols including wheat sheaves and a cornucopia, representing Argentina's wealth and productive capacity. This allegorical representation has appeared on various Argentine currency issues throughout history, symbolizing the nation's aspirations for freedom, prosperity, and advancement. The figure is rendered in detailed intaglio engraving against elaborate geometric security patterns.

historical_notes:
  The Austral series was introduced on June 15, 1985, as part of the Austral Plan (Plan Austral) designed by Economy Minister Juan Vital Sourrouille under President Raúl Alfonsín to combat Argentina's severe hyperinflation. The Austral replaced the Peso Argentino at a rate of 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos Argentinos. Initially successful in stabilizing prices, the currency ultimately failed as hyperinflation resumed in 1989-1990. The Austral was demonetized in 1992 when the Peso Convertible was introduced at a rate of 1 Peso = 10,000 Australes. The 1,000 Australes note was one of the higher denominations issued as inflation escalated. Designs featured allegorical figures rather than historical portraits, a departure from earlier Argentine currency traditions.


country: Argentina
currency: ARS
denomination: 1000
series_name: Peso Ley 18.188
series_range: 1970–1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1983
predecessor_currency: Peso Moneda Nacional
successor_currency: Peso Argentino
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Gerente General; Presidente
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Portrait of General José de San Martín
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c4a574,#8b7355,#d4c4a8
portrait_subject: José de San Martín
reverse_subject: Plaza de Mayo and Casa Rosada, Buenos Aires
themes: military,statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-304
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:35:35
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:18
front_description:
  General José de San Martín (1778–1850), the principal leader of the southern and central parts of South America's struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire. Known as the 'Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru,' San Martín is revered as a national hero and the father of the Argentine nation. He led the famous crossing of the Andes and is among the most depicted figures on Argentine currency. The note identifies him as 'Gral. SAN MARTIN.'

back_description:
  Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, Argentina's most important public square, with the Casa Rosada (Pink House) presidential palace visible in the background. The Pirámide de Mayo monument, erected in 1811 to commemorate the first anniversary of the May Revolution, stands prominently in the center. The plaza has been the focal point of Argentine political life since the May Revolution of 1810. The Argentine coat of arms appears at left featuring the Sun of May and clasped hands.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Peso Ley note was issued under Law 18.188 which established the Peso Ley currency system in 1970, replacing the Peso Moneda Nacional at a rate of 100 to 1. The series circulated during a turbulent period in Argentine history including military governments and the beginning of severe inflation. The Peso Ley was itself replaced by the Peso Argentino in 1983 at a rate of 10,000 to 1, reflecting the hyperinflationary pressures of the era. Printed by Casa de Moneda de la Nación as indicated on the reverse.


country: Argentina
currency: ARS
denomination: 10 Pesos
series_name: Peso Convertible series
series_range: 1992-present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018
predecessor_currency: Austral
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente B.C.R.A.; Presidente H.C. Diputados
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x65
watermark: Portrait of Manuel Belgrano in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a76a,#8b4513,#9acd32
portrait_subject: Manuel Belgrano
reverse_subject: Monumento a la Bandera, Rosario
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: 354
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:35:48
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:28
front_description:
  Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820), Argentine economist, lawyer, politician and military leader who created the flag of Argentina in 1812 and led the Army of the North during the wars of independence. He is among the most revered figures in Argentine history, honored for his role in securing independence from Spain and his contributions to national identity. The note features his portrait at right with handwritten text in the background and the Argentine flag motif.

back_description:
  Monumento a la Bandera (Monument to the Flag) in Rosario, Santa Fe province, inaugurated in 1957 at the site where Manuel Belgrano first raised the Argentine flag on February 27, 1812. The monument complex includes a 70-meter tower, the Propilaeum of Argentine Fatherland, and the Triumphal Gallery of the Flags of America. The depicted scene shows the monument's distinctive architecture with the Argentine flag and eternal flame, symbolizing national sovereignty and Belgrano's legacy as creator of the national banner.

historical_notes:
  Part of the Peso Convertible series introduced in 1992 following the Convertibility Plan that pegged the Argentine peso 1:1 to the US dollar, ending the hyperinflation of the 1980s and early 1990s. The 10 peso denomination featuring Manuel Belgrano was issued in various signature combinations throughout the 1990s and 2000s. This design was progressively replaced by polymer notes starting in 2016-2018 as Argentina modernized its currency with enhanced security features. The series represents a period of relative monetary stability before economic challenges returned in subsequent decades.


country: Armenia
currency: AMD
denomination: 50
series_name: Third dram series
series_year: 1998
series_range: 1998-2001
issue_year: 1998
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2001
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia
issuer_native: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կենտրոնական Բանկ
signatures: Chairman: Tigran Sargsyan
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Portrait of Aram Khachaturian in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#e8d7c0,#4a5a7a
portrait_subject: Aram Khachaturian
reverse_subject: Armenian folk dancers with Mount Ararat
themes: artist,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: 41
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Armenian script, Latin script
languages: hy,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:35:57
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:35
front_description:
  Aram Khachaturian (1903–1978), Soviet-Armenian composer and conductor renowned for his ballets Gayane (featuring the Sabre Dance) and Spartacus. One of the most prominent composers of the Soviet era, his works incorporated Armenian folk music traditions and he remains a cultural icon of Armenia. The note also depicts the Armenian Opera and Ballet Theatre in Yerevan, where many of his works premiered.

back_description:
  Armenian folk dancers performing a traditional dance with Mount Ararat visible in the background. Mount Ararat, though now in Turkey, holds profound symbolic significance for Armenians as the national symbol and legendary resting place of Noah's Ark. The dancers represent Armenia's rich folk heritage and performing arts tradition, which Khachaturian championed in his compositions.

historical_notes:
  Third dram series issued by the Central Bank of Armenia in 1998, part of the modernization of Armenian currency following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The dram was introduced in 1993, replacing the Soviet ruble. This series honoured Armenian cultural figures and landmarks. The 50 dram note featuring Khachaturian was issued 1998 and withdrawn from circulation around 2001, replaced by a coin of the same denomination. This series marked Armenia's efforts to establish a stable national currency and celebrate its cultural heritage.


country: Armenia
currency: AMD
denomination: 2
series_name: Third dram series
series_year: 2004
series_range: 1998–2018
issue_year: 2004
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018
issuer: Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia
issuer_native: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կենտրոնական Բանկ
signatures: Chairman: Tigran Sargsyan
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
watermark: Portrait of Mesrop Mashtots
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Mesrop Mashtots
reverse_subject: Armenian alphabet and scribes
themes: religion,writer,indigenous_culture,statesman
pick_number: P-52
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Armenian
languages: hy
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:40
front_description:
  Mesrop Mashtots (c. 362–440), Armenian linguist, theologian and ecclesiastical leader who invented the Armenian alphabet in 405 CE. He is shown standing in religious vestments with the Echmiadzin Cathedral in the background, Armenia's mother church and his burial place. Mashtots is revered as one of the most important figures in Armenian history for giving the Armenian people their unique script and enabling the preservation of their language and Christian identity. The national coat of arms appears at left.

back_description:
  Scene depicting the teaching and transmission of the Armenian alphabet. Two figures, likely representing Mesrop Mashtots instructing a student in the newly created Armenian script, are shown before a stone cross (khachkar). This commemorates Mashtots's role not only as creator of the alphabet but as educator and missionary who established schools throughout Armenia to teach reading and writing. The scene symbolizes the preservation of Armenian language, culture, and Christian faith through literacy.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of Armenia's third dram series, issued following the country's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and the introduction of the dram in 1993. The 1998–2018 series featured Armenian cultural and religious figures. The 2 dram denomination was a low-value note that circulated widely but was eventually superseded by coins. Mesrop Mashtots appears on multiple denominations in Armenian currency history, reflecting his foundational importance to Armenian national identity. The note was printed by Giesecke+Devrient of Germany and includes security features standard for the period.


country: Argentina
currency: ARS
denomination: 20
series_name: Native Animals series
series_year: 2017
series_range: 2016–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Banco Central de la República Argentina
signatures: Presidente B.C.R.A.; Presidente H.C. Senadores
printer: Casa de Moneda de la Nación Argentina
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x65
watermark: Guanaco head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,uv
color_palette: #c75b5b,#f5e6d3,#6b9ac4
reverse_subject: Patagonian steppe landscape with guanaco
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-361
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:12
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:31
front_description:
  The guanaco (Lama guanicoe), a wild South American camelid native to Patagonia and the Andean regions. The guanaco is the ancestor of the domesticated llama and represents Argentina's native wildlife. It is one of the largest wild mammals in South America and plays a significant role in Patagonian ecosystems. Blue anémona patagónica (Patagonian anemone) flowers appear at left, native to southern Argentina.

back_description:
  Patagonian steppe landscape showing the characteristic terrain of southern Argentina with mountains, sparse vegetation, and a guanaco in its natural habitat. The scene depicts the vast semi-arid grasslands of Argentine Patagonia. A map of continental Argentina appears at right with the national motto 'en unión y libertad' (in union and liberty). The Argentine coat of arms is displayed, featuring the Sun of May and clasped hands holding a liberty pole.

historical_notes:
  Part of Argentina's Native Animals series introduced in 2016, which replaced historical figures with native fauna on banknotes. This design shift represented a move to celebrate Argentina's natural heritage and biodiversity. The 20 peso denomination featuring the guanaco was first issued in 2017. The series includes other denominations featuring native animals such as the Andean condor, taruca, hornero, jaguar, and Southern right whale.


country: Austria
currency: ATS
denomination: 20
series_name: 1986 series
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1986–1997
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Präsident; Generalrat; Generaldirektor
printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x80
watermark: Portrait of Moritz Michael Daffinger
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b6f47,#a0826d
portrait_subject: Moritz Michael Daffinger
reverse_subject: Albertina Museum
themes: artist,architecture
pick_number: P-148
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:44
front_description:
  Moritz Michael Daffinger (1790–1849), Austrian painter renowned as the foremost miniaturist of the Biedermeier period. He specialized in portrait miniatures on ivory and is celebrated for his delicate watercolor technique and depictions of Viennese society; his works are held in major collections including the Albertina. The note includes the inscription 'WIEN AM 1. OKTOBER 1986' indicating the date of issuance authorization.

back_description:
  The Albertina Museum in Vienna, one of the world's most important collections of graphic art. Housed in a former Habsburg palace, the Albertina contains over one million Old Master prints and 60,000 drawings, including works by Dürer, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Klimt. The building features the equestrian monument to Archduke Albrecht, visible on the left of the depicted view.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1986 series of Austrian schilling banknotes, issued by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank and in circulation from 1986 until Austria's adoption of the euro on 1 January 2002. The Austrian schilling (ATS) served as Austria's currency from 1925 to 2002 (with an interruption 1938–1945). These notes were demonetized on 28 February 2002, though they can still be exchanged at the Austrian National Bank indefinitely. The 20-schilling denomination honored Moritz Daffinger, reflecting Austria's cultural heritage and prominence in the arts during the Biedermeier era.


country: Austria
currency: ATS
denomination: 20
series_name: 1966–1997 series
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1966–1997
issue_year: 1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Präsident: [illegible]; Generaldirektor: [illegible]
printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 141x67
watermark: Portrait of Moritz M. Daffinger in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Moritz Michael Daffinger
reverse_subject: Albertina Museum
themes: artist,architecture
pick_number: P-148
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:32
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:48
front_description:
  Moritz Michael Daffinger (1790–1849), Austrian miniature painter and watercolorist renowned for his portrait miniatures and flower paintings. He was one of the most celebrated miniaturists of the Biedermeier period and is considered a master of Austrian miniature art. The note honors his contribution to Austrian cultural heritage and the visual arts, featuring an ornamental guilloche rosette with rainbow printing as a prominent security element.

back_description:
  The Albertina Museum in Vienna, one of the world's largest and most important collections of prints, drawings, and graphic art. Housed in the former Habsburg palace on Albertinaplatz, the museum was founded by Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen in the late 18th century and contains over one million works including masterpieces by Dürer, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Klimt. The inscription 'ALBERTINA' appears below the building.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the 1966–1997 series of Austrian schilling banknotes issued by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank. The series featured prominent Austrian cultural and scientific figures. The 20-schilling denomination with Moritz Daffinger was introduced in 1967 and continued in circulation until Austria adopted the euro on January 1, 2002. Austrian schilling notes could be exchanged for euros until February 28, 2002, after which they were demonetized. This particular printing is dated October 1, 1986 ('WIEN AM 1. OKTOBER 1986'). The series is notable for its fine engraving work and use of rainbow printing in the guilloche patterns.


country: Austria
currency: ATS
denomination: 20
series_name: 1986–1997 Issue
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1986–1997
issue_year: 1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Austrian National Bank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Präsident; Generalrat; Generaldirektor
printer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Portrait of Moritz Michael Daffinger
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c5a9,#8b7355,#c49a6c
portrait_subject: Moritz Michael Daffinger
reverse_subject: Albertina Museum
themes: artist,architecture
pick_number: P-148
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:38
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:44
front_description:
  Moritz Michael Daffinger (1790–1849), renowned Austrian miniature painter and watercolorist of the Biedermeier period. He was celebrated for his exquisite portrait miniatures and became one of the most sought-after portraitists of Viennese high society. The portrait is based on his self-portrait. The Austrian federal eagle appears at upper left, with elaborate guilloche patterns incorporating a stylized peacock feather motif.

back_description:
  The Albertina Museum in Vienna, one of the world's greatest art collections housing over one million prints and 65,000 drawings including works by Dürer, Rembrandt, and Klimt. Founded in 1776 by Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, the museum is housed in the former Taroucca Palace on the Augustinerbastei. The equestrian statue of Archduke Albrecht is visible in front of the building.

historical_notes:
  This 20 Schilling note was part of the final Austrian Schilling series before the country's adoption of the Euro in 2002. The series emphasized Austrian cultural achievements, featuring prominent artists and cultural institutions. Daffinger was chosen to represent Austria's rich artistic heritage, particularly the Biedermeier era's contribution to European art. The Schilling served as Austria's currency from 1925–1938 and again from 1945–2002, interrupted only by the Nazi Reichsmark during the Anschluss period.


country: Austria
currency: Schilling
denomination: 20
series_name: Second Schilling series
series_year: 1967
series_range: 1956–1983
issue_year: 1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
predecessor_currency: Allied Military Schilling
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Präsident: (illegible); Generalrat: (illegible); Generaldirektor: (illegible)
printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 153x79
watermark: Profile of Carl Ritter von Ghega
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#2f2820
portrait_subject: Carl Ritter von Ghega
reverse_subject: Semmering Railway with Kalte Rinne Viaduct
themes: statesman,architecture,transport
pick_number: 142
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:54
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:11:29
front_description:
  Carl Ritter von Ghega (1802–1860), Austrian engineer of Albanian-Venetian descent who designed and built the Semmering Railway, the world's first true mountain railway and a pioneering engineering achievement. He is honoured on this note alongside imagery of his masterwork. The inscription reads 'CARL RITTER V. GHEGA 1802-1860'. The date 'WIEN AM 2. JULI 1967' indicates this note was issued in Vienna on July 2, 1967.

back_description:
  The Semmering Railway crossing the Alps, specifically showing the Kalte Rinne Viaduct, one of the many spectacular engineering structures on the 41-kilometre railway line between Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag. Completed in 1854, the Semmering Railway was the first mountain railway in Europe built with a standard gauge track and featured 16 viaducts, 15 tunnels, and over 100 stone bridges. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 for its innovative engineering and integration with the mountainous landscape. The inscription 'SEMMERING' identifies the location.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Second Schilling series issued by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank from 1956 to 1983, following the reintroduction of the Austrian Schilling in 1945 after World War II. The series featured notable Austrian cultural and scientific figures. The 20 Schilling note honouring Carl von Ghega was issued from 1967 to 1983. The Austrian Schilling was replaced by the Euro on January 1, 1999 (for accounting purposes) and February 28, 2002 (for cash), when Schilling banknotes and coins were demonetized.


country: Austria
currency: Schilling
denomination: 50
series_name: Third series
series_year: 1970
series_range: 1966–1983
issue_year: 1970
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
predecessor_currency: Allied Military Schilling
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Präsident: [illegible]; Generaldirektor: [illegible]
printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 153x78
watermark: Portrait of Ferdinand Raimund in clear field
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a3,#8b4f39,#4a4a4a
portrait_subject: Ferdinand Raimund
reverse_subject: Burgtheater Vienna
themes: writer,architecture
pick_number: P-139
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:36:54
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:12:51
front_description:
  Ferdinand Raimund (1790–1836), Austrian actor and playwright who created the Viennese poetic comedy genre known as Zauberposse. He was one of the most prominent figures of the Biedermeier period in Viennese theatre, known for works such as 'Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind' and 'Der Verschwender'. His legacy in Austrian theatrical tradition led to his commemoration on this banknote. The Austrian eagle coat of arms appears at left, with the date 'WIEN AM 2. JÄNNER 1970' and signatures of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank president and general director.

back_description:
  The Burgtheater in Vienna, one of the most important German-language theatres in the world and the Austrian National Theatre. Originally founded in 1741, the current neo-baroque building on the Ringstrasse was designed by Gottfried Semper and Carl Freiherr von Hasenauer, opening in 1888. The theatre is closely associated with Ferdinand Raimund, who performed there during the early 19th century and whose plays remain part of the Austrian theatrical canon.

historical_notes:
  Third series of Austrian Schilling notes issued 1966–1983 by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank following the Second Republic's currency stabilization. This 50 Schilling note was issued on January 2, 1970, during a period of economic growth in Austria. The series featured prominent Austrian cultural figures, with Raimund representing the nation's theatrical heritage. The Schilling remained Austria's currency until euro adoption on January 1, 2002, with Schilling notes demonetized on February 28, 2002. This series was printed domestically and featured traditional intaglio printing with sophisticated security measures typical of mid-20th century European banknotes.


country: Austria
currency: Schilling
denomination: 1
series_name: Allied Military Schilling
series_year: 1944
series_range: 1944–1945
issue_year: 1944
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1947
predecessor_currency: Reichsmark
successor_currency: Austrian Schilling (Second Republic)
issuer: Allied Military Authority in Austria
issuer_native: Alliierte Militärbehörde in Österreich
printer: United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x66
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #e8daa8,#5a7f8f,#2f4858
themes: military
pick_number: P-103a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:37:13
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:11:39
front_description:
  Allied Military Schilling occupation currency issued for use in Austria following World War II liberation. The note bears the text 'ALLIIERTE MILITÄRBEHÖRDE' (Allied Military Authority) and 'IN OESTERREICH AUSGEGEBEN' (Issued in Austria), indicating its status as military occupation currency. The denomination '1 SCHILLING' is prominently displayed with decorative laurel branches flanking the central numeral. This series was printed by the United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 1944 in preparation for the Allied occupation of Austria and was used alongside occupation marks in the immediate post-war period before Austria's currency sovereignty was restored.

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche patterns with three rosettes containing the denomination '1 SCHILLING'. The central rosette is larger and features intricate anti-counterfeiting line work typical of American banknote printing of the period. The design is purely decorative with security features integrated into the guilloché work, containing no portraits, buildings, or symbolic imagery beyond the denomination markers.

historical_notes:
  The Allied Military Schilling (Alliierte Militärbehörde series) was issued in 1944 for circulation in Austria following its liberation from Nazi Germany. These notes were printed in the United States in several denominations and were introduced in 1945 as Austria transitioned from the German Reichsmark. The military currency circulated until 1947, when the restored Austrian government introduced the Second Republic Schilling. The 1 Schilling note of this series (Pick 103a) is relatively common due to its low denomination and widespread use during the two-year occupation period. The series represented an interim monetary solution while Austria re-established its banking system and national sovereignty.


country: Austria
currency: Austrian Schilling
denomination: 20
series_name: Third Schilling Series
series_year: 1967
series_range: 1956-1983
issue_year: 1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2002-02-28
predecessor_currency: Allied Military Schilling
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
issuer_native: Oesterreichische Nationalbank
signatures: Generalrat: [illegible]; Präsident: [illegible]; Generaldirektor: [illegible]
printer: Oesterreichische Staatsdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x78
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Carl Freiherr von Ghega
reverse_subject: Semmering Railway viaduct
themes: scientist,transport,architecture
pick_number: P-142
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:37:31
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:13:05
front_description:
  Carl Freiherr von Ghega (1802-1860), Austrian civil engineer of Albanian-Venetian origin who designed and built the Semmering Railway, the first standard-gauge mountain railway in Europe. Completed between 1848 and 1854, the railway was a pioneering feat of 19th-century engineering, crossing the Alps between Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag. Ghega is honoured as one of Austria's greatest engineers; the Semmering Railway was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 for its technological and architectural significance.

back_description:
  The Kalte-Rinne Viaduct of the Semmering Railway, one of the iconic stone viaducts along the mountainous route designed by Carl von Ghega. The Semmering Railway features 16 viaducts, 15 tunnels, and over 100 stone bridges across its 41-kilometer route through the Eastern Alps. This engineering marvel opened the southern trade route to Trieste and remains in operation today, celebrated for its harmonious integration of railway infrastructure into the Alpine landscape.

historical_notes:
  The Third Schilling Series was issued by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank between 1956 and 1983, following the 1947 Second Schilling reform. The 20 Schilling note featuring Carl von Ghega was introduced in 1967 (dated 2 Juli 1967) and remained in circulation until the series was replaced. This denomination commemorates Austria's industrial and engineering heritage during the imperial period. The Austrian Schilling was demonetized on 28 February 2002 following Austria's adoption of the Euro in 1999-2002.


country: Austria
currency: Krone
denomination: 1
series_name: Deutschösterreich overprint issue
series_year: 1916
series_range: 1919–1920
issue_year: 1916
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1924
predecessor_currency: Austro-Hungarian Krone
successor_currency: Austrian Schilling
issuer: Austro-Hungarian Bank (with Deutschösterreich overprint)
issuer_native: Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Bank / Osztrák-Magyar Bank
signatures: Generalrat-Főtanácsos; Gouverneur-Kormányzó; Generalsekretär-Vezértitkár
printer: Austro-Hungarian Bank Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x64
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c94c4c,#f5f5dc,#2c2c2c
reverse_subject: Female head representing Austria (allegorical)
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-49
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de,hu,cs,sk,uk,it,sl,hr,sr,ro
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:37:42
updated_at: 2026-05-08 08:13:02
front_description:
  This 1 Krone note was originally issued by the Austro-Hungarian Bank on December 1, 1916, during World War I. The red 'DEUTSCHÖSTERREICH' overprint was applied in 1919 to distinguish Austrian currency from Hungarian issues following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The note features the imperial Austrian double-headed eagle at left and the Hungarian coat of arms at right, reflecting the dual monarchy's bilingual administration with German text on the left and Hungarian on the right.

back_description:
  The reverse displays an allegorical female head representing Austria at center, surrounded by Art Nouveau decorative elements. The denomination 'ONE KORUNA/KORONA' is shown in eight languages representing the various nationalities of the former Empire: Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Italian, Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, and Romanian. Anti-counterfeiting warnings appear in German and Hungarian.

historical_notes:
  After Austria-Hungary's defeat in World War I and the empire's dissolution in November 1918, the newly proclaimed Republic of German-Austria (Deutschösterreich) overprinted existing Austro-Hungarian banknotes to differentiate them from those circulating in Hungary and the successor states. The 'Deutschösterreich' overprint was applied from early 1919. This transitional currency remained legal tender until the introduction of the Austrian Schilling in 1925. The note exemplifies the chaotic monetary conditions of post-WWI Central Europe.


country: Azerbaijan
currency: AZN
denomination: 50
series_name: First manat series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2006-01-01
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: New Azerbaijani manat
issuer: National Bank of Azerbaijan
issuer_native: Azərbaycan Milli Bankı
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Decorative pattern in oval at upper right
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4242,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Maiden Tower (Qız Qalası)
themes: architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-18
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: az
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:37:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 02:47:43
front_description:
  Denomination '50 manat' ('əlli manat' in Azerbaijani) displayed in ornate Islamic-style decorative frame at center. The design features traditional Azerbaijani ornamental motifs including stylized eight-pointed stars and crescent moons within the decorative borders, representing Azerbaijan's Islamic cultural heritage and national identity. The text 'Azərbaycan Milli Bankı' appears along the top banner.

back_description:
  Maiden Tower (Qız Qalası) in Baku's Old City (İçərişəhər), a 12th-century monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site that has become the iconic symbol of Azerbaijan's capital. The tower, with its distinctive cylindrical shape and protruding buttresses, stands approximately 29.5 meters tall and is one of Azerbaijan's most recognizable landmarks, featured prominently on the country's early banknotes to represent national heritage and the ancient roots of Azerbaijani civilization.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first manat series issued by independent Azerbaijan following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Azerbaijani manat (AZM) was introduced on August 15, 1992, replacing the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 manat = 10 rubles. This first manat experienced severe hyperinflation during the 1990s, and these notes were eventually replaced by the new manat (AZN) on January 1, 2006, at a rate of 1 new manat = 5,000 old manat. The Maiden Tower motif was chosen to emphasize Azerbaijan's ancient history and cultural independence as a newly sovereign nation.


country: Austria-Hungary
currency: Austro-Hungarian Krone
denomination: 1000
series_name: Issue of 1902
series_year: 1902
series_range: 1902–1919
issue_year: 1902
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1919
predecessor_currency: Austro-Hungarian Gulden
successor_currency: Austrian Krone / Hungarian Korona
issuer: Oesterreichisch-ungarische Bank
issuer_native: Oesterreichisch-ungarische Bank
signatures: Generalrat; Gouverneur; Generalsecretär
printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 210x130
watermark: Portrait of allegorical female figure in oval at right side of note
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #4a5f7f,#d4c5a8,#8b0000
portrait_subject: Allegorical female figure representing Austria
reverse_subject: Red overprint stamp with imperial coat of arms
themes: monarchy,statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-59
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: de,hu,cs,pl,it,hr,ro,uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 02:37:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 02:49:09
front_description:
  Allegorical female figure representing Austria or the monarchy, positioned at right in an ornate oval frame. The Austro-Hungarian double-headed eagle with crown and coat of arms appears at center-left. This design is typical of the Oesterreichisch-ungarische Bank's 1902 issue, which served the dual monarchy until its dissolution in 1918. The note bears inscriptions in multiple languages of the empire (German, Hungarian, Czech, Polish, Italian, Croatian, Romanian, Ruthenian) reflecting the multinational character of Austria-Hungary. Serial number 1603 appears in red at upper center.

back_description:
  The reverse shows the same allegorical female figure and double-headed eagle design as the front, with a prominent red overprint stamp applied vertically at center bearing the Hungarian coat of arms and text. This stamp was applied after World War I during the transition period when Austria-Hungary dissolved. The serial number 66752 appears at left. The red overprint indicates special status or validation during the currency's final period of use.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Kronen note belongs to the 1902 series issued by the Oesterreichisch-ungarische Bank, the central bank of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The note was authorized by law on 2 January 1902 and circulated throughout the dual monarchy. The multilingual inscriptions demonstrate the empire's diverse ethnic composition, with denominations printed in eight languages. Following World War I and the empire's dissolution in 1918, these notes received various overstamps by successor states. The red Hungarian overprint visible on this example indicates post-war validation or transition use. The series was eventually demonetized as the successor states (Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Italy, Romania) introduced their own currencies. These notes are historically significant as artifacts of the final years of the Habsburg monarchy.


country: Bangladesh
currency: BDT
denomination: 2
series_name: 2000 series
series_year: 2004
series_range: 2000–present
issue_year: 2004
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bangladesh Bank
issuer_native: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার
printer: Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
watermark: National emblem of Bangladesh (water lily) in clear field at left on front, right on back
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #f5deb3,#98d8c8,#cd853f
reverse_subject: Oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis)
themes: architecture,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-6Cr
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Bengali (Bangla)
languages: bn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:43
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:03
front_description:
  The National Martyrs' Memorial (Jatiyo Smriti Soudho) at Savar, near Dhaka, commemorating those who died in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Designed by architect Mainul Hossain and inaugurated in 1982, the monument consists of seven isosceles triangular planes rising to a height of 45 meters, symbolizing the seven stages of the national movement. The note also features the national flower, white water lily (shapla), and a decorative deer motif at lower left.

back_description:
  The Oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis), the national bird of Bangladesh, perched on a branch. This black and white passerine bird is common throughout the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, known for its melodious song. The bird was declared the national bird of Bangladesh in 1971 and appears on multiple denominations of Bangladeshi currency.

historical_notes:
  This 2 taka note is part of the 2000 series of Bangladesh Bank banknotes, which introduced updated designs following the country's economic development. The series features the national emblem, the National Martyrs' Memorial, and various wildlife and cultural motifs celebrating Bangladeshi independence and identity. The 2004 date indicates a printing within this ongoing series. These low-denomination notes remain in active circulation for daily transactions throughout Bangladesh.


country: Bangladesh
currency: BDT
denomination: 5
series_name: Current series
series_year: 2022
series_range: 2012–present
issue_year: 2022
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bangladesh Bank
issuer_native: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
watermark: Portrait of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d8b8d8,#8b7b8b,#f5f5dc
portrait_subject: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
reverse_subject: Atiya Mosque
themes: statesman,architecture,religion
pick_number: 63c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Bengali (Bangla)
languages: bn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:43
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:43
front_description:
  Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975), founding father of Bangladesh and first President of the nation. Known as 'Bangabandhu' (Friend of Bengal), he led the Awami League and the independence movement that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh in 1971 following the Liberation War; he served as Prime Minister and later President before his assassination in 1975. His portrait has appeared on all Bangladeshi banknotes since independence, symbolizing the nation's foundation and identity.

back_description:
  Atiya Mosque in Tangail District, a Mughal-era mosque built in the 17th century during the reign of Sultan Hussain Shah. This single-domed brick structure with its characteristic terracotta ornamentation is an important example of pre-Mughal and early Mughal Islamic architecture in Bengal, representing the region's rich architectural heritage and religious history.

historical_notes:
  This is part of Bangladesh's current polymer-transition series issued by Bangladesh Bank. The 5 taka denomination featuring Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on the obverse and the Atiya Mosque on the reverse has been a standard design since the early series of independent Bangladesh. The 2022 issue year indicates this is from a recent printing run of the ongoing series that began modernization around 2012 with enhanced security features. Bangladesh Bank continues to honor the nation's founder on all denominations while showcasing the country's architectural and cultural heritage on the reverses.


country: Bangladesh
currency: BDT
denomination: 2
series_name: Golden Jubilee of Independence
series_year: 2022
series_range: 2022–present
issue_year: 2022
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2022
issuer: Bangladesh Bank
issuer_native: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার
signatures: Governor: Fazle Kabir; Senior Secretary: Fatema Yasmin
printer: Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 130x65
watermark: Portrait of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #f5deb3,#98d98e,#6b8e7d
portrait_subject: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
reverse_subject: National Martyrs' Memorial
themes: statesman,independence,commemorative,architecture
commemorative_occasion: Golden Jubilee of Bangladesh Independence (1971–2021)
pick_number: New
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Bengali (Bangla) script
languages: bn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:44
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:12:01
front_description:
  Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975), founding father and first President of Bangladesh, known as Bangabandhu ('Friend of Bengal'). He led the Bengali nationalist movement, declared independence from Pakistan in 1971, and served as the nation's leader during its formation; he remains the most revered figure in Bangladeshi history. The note also depicts the National Monument (Jatiyo Smriti Soudho) in the background, commemorating the martyrs of the Liberation War.

back_description:
  The National Martyrs' Memorial (Jatiyo Smriti Soudho) at Savar, near Dhaka, designed by architect Syed Mainul Hossain and inaugurated in 1982. This iconic monument consists of seven isosceles triangular pyramid-shaped structures representing the seven stages of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, with a red sun motif symbolizing the bloodshed and sacrifice of the martyrs. The date '2022' marks the year of issue in the Golden Jubilee series.

historical_notes:
  This 2 taka note was issued in 2022 as part of Bangladesh's commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of independence (50 years since 1971). The series honors Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and features updated security elements. Bangladesh Bank continues to issue this denomination as part of the current circulating currency, with the 2022 series representing a modernized design for the nation's half-century milestone.


country: Bahrain
currency: BHD
denomination: 1
series_name: First series
series_year: 1973
series_range: 1973–1993
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
predecessor_currency: Gulf Rupee
successor_currency: Bahraini Dinar (Second series)
issuer: Bahrain Monetary Agency
issuer_native: مؤسسة نقد البحرين
printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x72
watermark: Falcon's head
security_features: watermark,security_thread,intaglio
color_palette: #cd5c5c,#f5deb3,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Al Fateh Grand Mosque minaret
themes: architecture,religion
pick_number: P-8
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: en,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:44
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:12:44
front_description:
  Bahrain Monetary Agency headquarters building in Manama, the central bank's original office constructed in the early 1970s. This modern multi-story structure represented Bahrain's growing financial infrastructure following independence in 1971 and the establishment of its own currency authority. The denomination appears in Arabic numeral '١' within a guilloche rosette at center, with English text 'BAHRAIN MONETARY AGENCY' and 'ONE DINAR' printed prominently.

back_description:
  Al Fateh Grand Mosque minaret in Manama, one of Bahrain's most significant Islamic landmarks. The mosque, later expanded and renamed Al-Fateh Islamic Center, was under construction or newly completed when this series was designed in the early 1970s. The Bahraini coat of arms appears at right, featuring the traditional red and white serrated five-pointed emblem. Arabic text identifies the issuer as 'مؤسسة نقد البحرين' (Bahrain Monetary Agency) and the denomination as 'دينار واحد' (one dinar).

historical_notes:
  First series of the Bahraini Dinar, issued 1973–1993 by the Bahrain Monetary Agency (now Bahrain Central Bank). This series was introduced following Bahrain's independence from Britain in 1971 and the replacement of the Gulf Rupee. The 1-dinar note was designed by Bradbury Wilkinson and featured modern Bahraini architecture alongside traditional Islamic motifs. Law 23/1973 established the Bahrain Monetary Agency and authorized this currency. The series was withdrawn in 1993 when the second series was introduced with enhanced security features.


country: Barbados
currency: BBD
denomination: 2
series_name: 1986 Issue
series_range: 1986–1995
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2013
successor_currency: Barbados dollar polymer series
issuer: Central Bank of Barbados
signatures: Governor: C.M. Springer
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Keyhole-shaped watermark at left
security_features: thread,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #8b4789,#6b9eb5,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: John Redman Bovell
reverse_subject: Bridgetown Harbour and Parliament Buildings
themes: statesman,scientist,agriculture,architecture
pick_number: P-36
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:04
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:04
front_description:
  John Redman Bovell (1855–1928), Barbadian agricultural scientist and educator who pioneered the development of sugar cane disease-resistant varieties and founded the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies. He is honoured on Barbadian currency for his contributions to the island's agricultural advancement. The coat of arms of Barbados with motto 'Pride and Industry' appears at center-left.

back_description:
  Bridgetown Harbour and the Parliament Buildings of Barbados, showing the distinctive neo-Gothic Parliament complex completed in the 1870s with its characteristic clock tower. The scene depicts the historic waterfront area of Bridgetown, the capital and primary port of Barbados, which has served as the center of government and commerce since British colonial times.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1986 Issue of Barbados dollars printed by De La Rue, this series was in circulation from 1986 until the introduction of polymer notes in 2013. The series featured portraits of prominent Barbadian figures and local landmarks, establishing a distinctly national iconography following independence in 1966. The $2 denomination honored John Redman Bovell, reflecting the critical importance of agricultural science to Barbados's sugar-based economy.


country: Belarus
currency: BYB
denomination: 50
series_name: First national currency series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1994
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
predecessor_currency: Soviet ruble
successor_currency: Belarusian ruble (BYR)
issuer: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
issuer_native: Нацыянальны банк Рэспублікі Беларусь
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x54
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a07a,#c67b5c,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Pahonia (Coat of Arms)
reverse_subject: Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
themes: statesman,wildlife,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: be
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:31
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:31
front_description:
  The Pahonia, the historical coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and modern national symbol of Belarus, depicting an armored knight on horseback bearing a shield with a double cross and holding a raised sword. This heraldic emblem was adopted as the state symbol of the newly independent Republic of Belarus in 1991, representing the nation's historical heritage and sovereignty during its transition from Soviet rule.

back_description:
  The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), a widespread species native to Belarusian forests and an important part of the country's natural heritage. The squirrel is shown in a characteristic pose holding food, with a traditional Belarusian folk ornament pattern in the upper left corner, combining natural imagery with cultural motifs typical of early post-independence Belarusian banknote design.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first national currency series issued by the newly independent Republic of Belarus following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The 1992 series, denominated in 'kapeyka' (kapiejek), was introduced to establish monetary sovereignty but was quickly overtaken by hyperinflation. The Pahonia symbol was used on this series but was later replaced with more Soviet-era imagery in subsequent series. This first issue circulated from 1992 to 1994 before being replaced by higher denominations, and was eventually demonetized in 2000 when Belarus redenominated its currency.


country: Barbados
currency: BBD
denomination: 5
series_name: Central Bank of Barbados series
series_range: 1973–2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2013
successor_currency: Polymer series
issuer: Central Bank of Barbados
signatures: Governor: Sir Frank Worrell
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x66
watermark: Coat of arms in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,security_thread,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#a8c9a4,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Sir Frank Worrell
reverse_subject: Public buildings in Bridgetown
themes: statesman,sport,architecture
pick_number: 47
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:33
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:33
front_description:
  Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (1924–1967), Barbadian cricketer and Jamaican senator, one of the most celebrated West Indies cricket captains. He was the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team and revolutionized Caribbean cricket; he died young at 42 from leukemia and was honoured with a memorial service at Westminster Abbey. The note features the national coat of arms showing the Barbados Trident emblem with the motto 'Pride and Industry', along with the Governor's signature.

back_description:
  Public buildings in Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados, showing historic colonial architecture including government buildings with clock towers and castellated features along the waterfront. The scene depicts the administrative center of Barbados with its characteristic British colonial Gothic Revival style buildings surrounded by tropical vegetation, representing the island's institutional heritage and urban development.

historical_notes:
  This note is from the Central Bank of Barbados series issued from 1973 following the establishment of the Central Bank in 1972, replacing the earlier Barclays Bank and Royal Bank of Canada private issues. The paper series featuring Sir Frank Worrell was withdrawn in 2013 when Barbados transitioned to polymer banknotes. Sir Frank Worrell was chosen as a national hero representing both sporting excellence and leadership; he was one of the famous 'three Ws' of West Indies cricket alongside Everton Weekes and Clyde Walcott.


country: Barbados
currency: BBD
denomination: 2
series_name: 1986-1993 Issue
series_range: 1986-1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2013
issuer: Central Bank of Barbados
signatures: Governor: Courtney Blackman
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x66
watermark: Portrait of John Redman Bovell in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,security_thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #e8b4b4,#d4e8d4,#4a6b8a
portrait_subject: John Redman Bovell
reverse_subject: Bridgetown landmarks including St. Michael's Cathedral and the Chamberlain Bridge
themes: scientist,architecture
pick_number: P-36
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:33
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:33
front_description:
  John Redman Bovell (1855-1928), Barbadian agricultural scientist and botanist who founded the Barbados Department of Agriculture and is considered the father of the sugar cane industry in Barbados. He conducted pioneering research in tropical agriculture and plant breeding, introducing disease-resistant sugar cane varieties that transformed Caribbean agriculture. The coat of arms of Barbados appears at center-left, featuring the national motto 'Pride and Industry' and two pride of Barbados flowers flanking a bearded fig tree.

back_description:
  Bridgetown cityscape showing St. Michael's Cathedral (left), a Gothic Revival Anglican cathedral completed in 1789, and the Chamberlain Bridge (center), a swing bridge over the Careenage connecting the two sides of Bridgetown, Barbados' capital. The scene depicts the historic center of Bridgetown, which has been the administrative and commercial heart of Barbados since the 17th century and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011 as part of 'Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison'.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1986-1993 series issued by the Central Bank of Barbados, which replaced the earlier Barbados Government issues. The series featured prominent Barbadian historical figures and national landmarks. The 2-dollar denomination was withdrawn from circulation in 2013 when Barbados introduced polymer banknotes. The signature is that of Courtney Blackman, who served as Governor of the Central Bank of Barbados from 1973 to 1987. This paper series was replaced by polymer notes beginning in 2007, with the $2 denomination being among the last to transition.


country: Belarus
currency: BYR
denomination: 50
series_name: Third Ruble series
series_year: 2000
series_range: 2000–2016
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2016-12-31
predecessor_currency: Second Belarusian Ruble
successor_currency: Belarusian Ruble (redenominated)
issuer: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
issuer_native: БІЛЕТ НАЦЫЯНАЛЬНАГА БАНКА РЭСПУБЛІКІ БЕЛАРУСЬ
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x69
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#d2691e
reverse_subject: Brest Fortress memorial
themes: military,commemorative,architecture
pick_number: P-25a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: be
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:36
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:36
front_description:
  Brest Fortress (Brest Hero-Fortress), a 19th-century Russian imperial fortress in Brest, Belarus, that became a symbol of Soviet resistance during World War II. The fortress endured a week-long siege in June 1941 at the start of Operation Barbarossa, with its defenders holding out against overwhelming German forces. The inscription reads 'БРЭСЦКАЯ КРЭПАСЦЬ-ГЕРОЙ ХОЛМСКІЯ ВАРОТЫ' (Brest Hero-Fortress, Kholm Gate), showing the fortress's distinctive defensive towers and walls.

back_description:
  Brest Fortress memorial complex, featuring the monumental star-shaped sculptural composition 'Courage' (the main monument of the memorial), with a Soviet soldier's head emerging from the star. The inscription 'БРЭСЦКАЯ КРЭПАСЦЬ-ГЕРОЙ УВАХОД У МЕМАРЫЯЛ' (Brest Hero-Fortress, entrance to the memorial) identifies this as the memorial entrance. The complex was opened in 1971 to commemorate the fortress defenders and became one of the most important Soviet war memorials.

historical_notes:
  Third Belarusian Ruble series, issued 2000–2016 following the second redenomination (1 new ruble = 1,000 old rubles in 2000). This series circulated during a period of economic instability and high inflation in Belarus. The 50-ruble note featured Brest Fortress, one of Belarus's most significant historical and patriotic sites. The note was demonetized on December 31, 2016, when Belarus implemented its third redenomination (1 new ruble = 10,000 old rubles), introducing a completely new currency series. This design is part of a series that emphasized Belarusian national heritage and World War II memory.


country: Russia
currency: RUB
denomination: 100
series_name: MMM private currency series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1994–1994
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994
issuer: MMM (private company)
issuer_native: МММ
material: paper
security_features: microprint,guilloche
color_palette: #c8ddb5,#f5e6c8,#98b89f
portrait_subject: Sergei Mavrodi
themes: commemorative
commemorative_occasion: MMM pyramid scheme private scrip
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:54
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:13:54
front_description:
  Sergei Mavrodi (1955–2018), Russian businessman and founder of the MMM financial pyramid scheme. This is a 100-bilet private scrip note issued by MMM in 1994 during one of Russia's most notorious Ponzi schemes, which defrauded millions of investors during the economic chaos following the Soviet collapse. The note bears Mavrodi's portrait and the MMM logo, with text in Cyrillic reading 'БИЛЕТОВ' (biletov, meaning tickets or notes). These notes were used within the MMM system as share certificates or internal currency during the height of the pyramid scheme.

back_description:
  Decorative guilloche patterns in green and yellow-green tones with the text 'Сто билетов' (Sto biletov, meaning one hundred tickets/notes) in ornate script. The reverse features intricate security printing patterns typical of banknote design but lacks any significant imagery, focusing instead on anti-counterfeiting measures for this private scrip.

historical_notes:
  MMM private currency series, 1994. These 'biletov' notes were issued by Sergei Mavrodi's MMM company during Russia's largest financial pyramid scheme, which operated from 1989 to 1994 and again in various forms afterward. At its peak in 1994, MMM claimed up to 15 million investors. The scheme collapsed in July-August 1994 when the Russian government intervened, causing massive losses estimated at $1.5 billion. These notes were used as share certificates within the MMM system and became worthless after the collapse. They remain collectible as artifacts of post-Soviet economic turmoil and financial fraud history.


country: Bhutan
currency: BTN
denomination: 1
series_name: 2013 Series
series_year: 2013
series_range: 2013–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Indian Rupee
issuer: Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
issuer_native: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རབས་པ
signatures: Governor: signature present but name illegible from image
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x65
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #c5c9e8,#d4a574,#4a5f8c
reverse_subject: Simtokha Dzong
themes: architecture,religion
pick_number: P-27b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Dzongkha (Tibetan script), English
languages: dz,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:28
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:12:49
front_description:
  The Druk Khorlo, the Royal Emblem of Bhutan, occupies the center, featuring the dharma wheel (khorlo) flanked by two dragons (druk). The emblem represents the authority of the Buddhist religion and the Dragon King, symbolizing Bhutan's identity as 'Druk Yul' (Land of the Thunder Dragon). This sacred symbol combines the temporal and spiritual authority that has governed Bhutan since its unification in the 17th century. The note features ornate dragons in green and blue on either side and extensive geometric patterns across the surface.

back_description:
  Simtokha Dzong (also Singtokha Dzong), Bhutan's first dzong fortress, built in 1629 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal who unified Bhutan. Located about 5 kilometers south of Thimphu, this fortress-monastery served as a strategic military installation and administrative center. The dzong exemplifies traditional Bhutanese architecture with its characteristic sloping walls, wooden details, and multi-tiered roofing. Now it houses the Institute for Language and Culture Studies and remains an important religious and cultural landmark in Bhutan.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2013 series of Bhutanese ngultrum, issued by the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan. The ngultrum has been pegged at parity with the Indian rupee since its introduction in 1974, though both currencies circulate in Bhutan. The 2013 series introduced updated security features while maintaining traditional Bhutanese iconography. The 1 ngultrum denomination is the lowest value note in active circulation and features prominent Buddhist and national symbols reflecting Bhutan's unique cultural identity.


country: Bhutan
currency: BTN
denomination: 1
series_name: Third series
series_range: 1986–1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
issuer_native: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དངུལ་ཚོར་ལྷན་ཁག
signatures: Chairman: signature illegible
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Druk (Thunder Dragon) in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #4a6fa5,#d4a574,#e8d5c4
reverse_subject: Simtokha Dzong
themes: architecture,mythology,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-12
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Dzongkha (Tibetan script), English
languages: dz,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:29
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:12:40
front_description:
  The front depicts traditional Bhutanese mythological imagery featuring paired dragons (druk) flanking a central double dorje (vishvavajra or crossed thunderbolt) within a circular medallion, surrounded by elaborate cloud and flame motifs rendered in the distinctive Bhutanese Buddhist artistic style. The dragons represent Druk, the Thunder Dragon of Bhutanese mythology and the national symbol of Bhutan. The text is in Dzongkha script at top, with serial numbers in both corners. The word 'Chairman' appears at bottom center.

back_description:
  Simtokha Dzong, the first dzong (fortress-monastery) built in Bhutan, constructed in 1629 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the founder of the Bhutanese state. Located approximately 5 kilometers south of Thimphu, it served as a strategic fortress protecting the entrance to the Thimphu valley and now houses a monastic school. The dzong represents Bhutan's unique architectural heritage combining religious and administrative functions, with its characteristic sloping walls, towers, and Buddhist architectural elements. The text 'ROYAL MONETARY AUTHORITY OF BHUTAN' appears at top, 'ONE NGULTRUM' at bottom left, with denomination '1' at bottom right and Dzongkha script.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Bhutan's third series of ngultrum banknotes, issued between 1986 and 1992 by the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan. The ngultrum was introduced in 1974, replacing the Indian rupee as Bhutan's national currency, though it remains pegged at parity with the Indian rupee and both currencies circulate in Bhutan. This series introduced more elaborate traditional Bhutanese Buddhist artistic motifs, showcasing the nation's cultural heritage and the central role of Vajrayana Buddhism in Bhutanese identity. The 1 ngultrum denomination was among the lowest denominations issued and has since been largely replaced by coins.


country: Belize
currency: BZD
denomination: 1
series_name: First series
series_year: 1987
series_range: 1983–1990
issue_year: 1987
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1990
issuer: Central Bank of Belize
signatures: Governor: [signature]; Financial Secretary: [signature]; Director: [signature]
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in profile
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #5a8b5e,#f5b895,#e8d4c8
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Belize City Court House
themes: monarch,architecture
pick_number: P-46
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:29
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926, reigned 1952–2022), depicted in youthful profile. As head of state of Belize from independence in 1981 until her death, her portrait appeared on the first series of Belizean currency issued by the Central Bank of Belize. The note also features the coat of arms of Belize at left, which includes a shield supported by woodcutters (representing the mahogany industry central to colonial Belize) and the national motto 'Sub Umbra Floreo' (I flourish in the shade). An underwater scene with coral reef motifs appears behind the denomination, referencing the Belize Barrier Reef—the largest barrier reef in the Americas.

back_description:
  The Belize City Court House, a colonial-era building of significant historical and architectural importance in Belize's former capital. The courthouse served as a symbol of British colonial administration and later became an important civic building in independent Belize. The reverse also features the national bird, the keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), at right, and a fish at left, emphasizing Belize's rich biodiversity and natural heritage.

historical_notes:
  This banknote belongs to the first series issued by the Central Bank of Belize following the establishment of the bank in 1982, one year after Belize gained independence from the United Kingdom. The series was issued from 1983 to 1990 under authority of the Central Bank of Belize Act, 1982. The Belize dollar has been pegged to the US dollar at a fixed rate of 2:1 since 1976. This first series featured Queen Elizabeth II on all denominations, maintaining the connection to the Commonwealth. The series was printed by Thomas De La Rue, the renowned British security printer. These notes were withdrawn from circulation in 1990 when a second series was introduced.


country: Belize
currency: BZD
denomination: 1
series_name: Central Bank of Belize Act 1982 series
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1983–1990
issue_year: 1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
predecessor_currency: British Honduras dollar
issuer: Central Bank of Belize
signatures: Governor: K.E. Syplt; Financial Secretary: illegible; Director: illegible
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Carved head (Maya motif) in clear field at right
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#90a955,#d4a574
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Government House, Belmopan
themes: monarch,architecture
pick_number: P-46b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:31
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:31
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022), monarch of Belize from independence in 1981 until her death in 2022. The portrait shows her in profile facing right. The front also features the Coat of Arms of Belize at left showing a mahogany tree with two woodcutters, symbolizing the country's historical logging industry. Text identifies this as issued under the Central Bank of Belize Act, 1982, and dated 1st January 1986. The denomination 'ONE DOLLAR' is prominently displayed, with legal tender text stating payment 'IN BELIZE OF ANY AMOUNT'. Belize, formerly British Honduras, gained independence in 1981 and this note represents the early post-independence currency.

back_description:
  Government House in Belmopan, the capital city of Belize established in 1970 after Hurricane Hattie devastated Belize City in 1961. The building depicted is the official government administrative building in the planned inland capital. The reverse also features a keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), the national bird of Belize, shown at right. Local flora decorates the left side of the design, reflecting Belize's rich biodiversity and tropical environment.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series issued by the Central Bank of Belize following the Central Bank of Belize Act of 1982. Belize gained independence from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981, and this series replaced the earlier British Honduras dollar notes. The 1986 date represents a specific print run within the series that circulated from 1983 to 1990. The series maintained the Belize dollar's parity with the US dollar at 2:1 (BZ$2 = US$1), a rate established in 1976 and maintained to the present. The note features Queen Elizabeth II as Belize remained a Commonwealth realm with the British monarch as head of state. This series was eventually replaced by updated designs in 1990.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 20
series_name: 2005 issue
series_range: 2005–2007
issue_year: 2005
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2007
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Repubilika y'Uburundi
signatures: Le Gouverneur: [signature]; Le 1er Vice-Gouverneur: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x67
security_features: microprint,intaglio,security_thread
color_palette: #d64545,#f5e6d3,#98d9c2
portrait_subject: Traditional Burundian drummer
reverse_subject: National coat of arms of Burundi
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,mythology
pick_number: 27e
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:14:51
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:00
front_description:
  Traditional Burundian drummer in ceremonial dress performing on a royal drum (karyenda). The drummer represents the sacred drumming tradition central to Burundian culture and history; the royal drums were symbols of power in the Kingdom of Burundi and remain important cultural emblems. The karyenda drums were traditionally used for royal ceremonies and continue to be featured in the famous Tambourinaires du Burundi performances, representing national heritage and unity.

back_description:
  National coat of arms of Burundi at center, featuring a shield with a lion's head, three spears, and the national motto 'Unité - Travail - Progrès' (Unity - Work - Progress). The emblem is surrounded by decorative guilloche patterns and includes the motto in both French and Kirundi ('Ubumwe - Ibikorwa - Amajambere'). The coat of arms was adopted at independence in 1962 and symbolizes the nation's sovereignty and values.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2005 issue series of Burundian francs, which featured dates printed on the notes. The series was issued by the Banque de la République du Burundi from 2005 to 2007 and maintained the traditional design elements of earlier Burundian currency while incorporating updated security features. This particular note is dated 05-02-2005. The denomination of 20 francs was a common circulating value during this period.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 50
series_name: 1991 Issue
series_range: 1991-2001
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2007
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Republika y'Uburundi
signatures: L'Administrateur: [signature]; Le Gouverneur: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x71
watermark: Lion’s head in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d8c5b8,#e8d4c8,#a87c6c
reverse_subject: Traditional Burundian craftswoman basket weaving
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,industry
pick_number: P-28c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:24
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:11
front_description:
  National coat of arms of Burundi at center, featuring three spears, a lion's head, and the national motto 'UBUMWE, IBIKORWA, AMAJAMBERE' (Unity, Work, Progress) above and 'UNITE, TRAVAIL, PROGRES' (Unity, Work, Progress) below in a shield design. The coat of arms symbolizes the unity and strength of the Burundian nation after independence from Belgium in 1962. The bilingual inscriptions reflect Burundi's French colonial heritage and Kirundi national language.

back_description:
  Burundian woman engaged in traditional basket weaving, representing the importance of indigenous crafts and the central role of women in Burundian agricultural and artisanal economy. Basket weaving has been a traditional craft in Burundi for centuries, with distinctive geometric patterns that are culturally significant. The scene celebrates the nation's cultural heritage and the contribution of rural communities to economic development.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1991 issue of Burundian francs, which introduced updated designs following the country's political transitions. The series featured traditional cultural themes and national symbols. The date '01-10-91' (October 1, 1991) appears on this specific note. These notes circulated through the 1990s and early 2000s until being gradually replaced by newer series. Burundi has maintained the franc as its currency since independence in 1962.


country: Burundi
currency: Burundian franc
denomination: 10
series_name: 2005 issue
series_range: 2005–2007
issue_year: 2005
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2007
predecessor_currency: Ruanda-Urundi franc
successor_currency: new Burundian franc
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Republika y'uburundi
signatures: Le Gouverneur: visible signature (name illegible from image)
printer: Giesecke & Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x63
watermark: Portrait of Melchior Ndadaye
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #4a8b6f,#e8d5b8,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Maize/corn plant
themes: agriculture,statesman
pick_number: 33e
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:25
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:21
front_description:
  The national coat of arms of Burundi depicted at center, superimposed on a map outline of the country. The coat of arms features a shield with a lion's head and three spears above, with the national motto 'Unité, Travail, Progrès' (Unity, Work, Progress) on a ribbon below. The arms symbolize the nation's commitment to these founding principles following independence in 1962. Date '05-02-2005' appears above the map.

back_description:
  A stylized maize (corn) plant at center, representing Burundi's agricultural economy and the importance of subsistence farming to the nation. Maize is a staple crop in Burundi, central to food security. The design includes the trilingual national motto: 'Unité-Ubumwe' (Unity), 'Travail-Ibikorwa' (Work), and 'Progrès-Amajambere' (Progress) in French and Kirundi. The text includes a counterfeit warning in French and Kirundi.

historical_notes:
  This 10 franc note belongs to the 2005 dated issue of Burundian currency, produced during a period of post-civil war economic reconstruction. The 2005 series featured updated security features and trilingual text in French, Kirundi, and Swahili, reflecting Burundi's multilingual heritage. The franc has been Burundi's currency since independence in 1964, replacing the Ruanda-Urundi franc. Notes from this series were gradually replaced by newer issues starting in 2007.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 20
series_name: 1991 issue
series_range: 1991–1997
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2009
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Republika y'Uburundi
signatures: Le Gouverneur: (signature); L'Administrateur: (signature)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Coat of arms of Burundi in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4886c,#f5deb3,#8fbc8f
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Burundi
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture
pick_number: P-27b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:25
front_description:
  Traditional Burundian drummer in ceremonial dress, performing with a royal drum (karyenda). The drummer represents Burundi's rich cultural heritage where royal drums were sacred symbols of kingship and used in coronation ceremonies and important state occasions. The traditional attire and the ceremonial performance reflect the deep significance of drumming in Burundian culture, which has been recognized by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage.

back_description:
  National coat of arms of Burundi featuring a shield with the head of a lion, three spears behind it, and the national motto 'UNITE - TRAVAIL - PROGRES' (Unity, Work, Progress) on a ribbon below. The motto appears in French ('UNITE TRAVAIL PROGRES') with 'IBIKORWA AMAJAMBERE' visible in Kirundi, representing the nation's commitment to these founding principles. The coat of arms symbolizes sovereignty and national identity.

historical_notes:
  This note is from the 1991 issue series of the Burundian franc, printed during a transitional period in Burundi's history. The date 01-10-91 indicates October 1, 1991. This series continued to be issued through the 1990s and was eventually replaced by newer designs in the 2000s. The bilingual inscriptions in French and Kirundi reflect Burundi's official language policy. The traditional drummer motif was chosen to honor Burundi's cultural heritage, particularly the sacred royal drums (ingoma) that were central to the monarchy before it was abolished in 1966.


country: Biafra
currency: Biafran pound
denomination: 1 Pound
series_name: First series
series_range: 1967–1970
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1970
predecessor_currency: Nigerian pound
successor_currency: Nigerian naira
issuer: Bank of Biafra
signatures: Governor: Sylvester U. Ugoh; Director: [illegible]
printer: Unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x78
watermark: Portrait in clear field at left
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4af7a,#f5f5dc
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Biafra
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Republic of Biafra independence and secession
pick_number: P-5a
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:47
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:34
front_description:
  Palm tree at center with rising sun emblem below, symbolic of Biafra. The palm tree was a central element of Biafran iconography during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), representing the Igbo-dominated breakaway republic that declared independence from Nigeria. The note features signatures of Governor Sylvester U. Ugoh and an unidentified Director, with ornate guilloche patterns and the denomination '£1' in decorative roundel at right.

back_description:
  Coat of arms of the Republic of Biafra at center, featuring an eagle atop a shield with a rising sun, flanked by two horses, with the motto 'Peace Unity Freedom' on banner below. The coat of arms represented the short-lived secessionist state's national identity during its existence from 1967 to 1970, when Biafra was reintegrated into Nigeria following the civil war.

historical_notes:
  First series issued by the Republic of Biafra, 1967–1970. The Biafran pound was introduced following the region's secession from Nigeria in May 1967, triggered by ethnic tensions and the aftermath of anti-Igbo pogroms. This currency circulated only within Biafran-controlled territory during the Nigerian Civil War. After Biafra's defeat and reintegration into Nigeria in January 1970, all Biafran currency was demonetized. The notes were printed under wartime conditions and are now sought by collectors as historical artifacts of this tragic conflict. Governor Sylvester U. Ugoh served as the first and only Governor of the Bank of Biafra.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 10
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1981–2007
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Bank of the Republic of Burundi
issuer_native: Banque de la République du Burundi / Ibanki ya Republika y'Uburundi
signatures: Le Gouverneur; L'Administrateur
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x64
color_palette: #3a8a6e,#f5d6c6,#1a5c4a
themes: architecture
pick_number: P-33d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:53
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:15:53
front_description:
  The national coat of arms of Burundi displayed over an outline map of the country. The coat of arms features a lion's head on a shield, three spears, and a drum (karyenda), encircled by the national motto 'Unité, Travail, Progrès' (Unity, Work, Progress). The map silhouette emphasizes the nation's landlocked geography in the African Great Lakes region. The denomination 'DIX FRANCS' appears in French with 'AMAFRANGA CUMI' in Kirundi.

back_description:
  Abstract geometric guilloche pattern with the national motto presented bilingually: 'UNITÉ-UBUMWE' (Unity), 'TRAVAIL-IBIKORWA' (Work), and 'PROGRÈS-AMAJAMBERE' (Progress). The design incorporates rosette patterns containing the denomination numerals. A counterfeiting warning appears in both French and Kirundi at bottom.

historical_notes:
  This 10 Franc note dated 01-10-91 (October 1, 1991) is part of the small-denomination series issued by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi following independence from Belgium in 1962. The bilingual inscriptions in French and Kirundi reflect the country's official languages. The Burundian franc has been the national currency since 1964, replacing the Rwandan franc. These small denominations were used for everyday transactions but have been largely superseded by higher denominations due to inflation.


country: Biafra
currency: Biafran pound
denomination: 1 pound
series_name: Republic of Biafra series
series_year: 1968
series_range: 1968–1970
issue_year: 1968
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1970-01-15
predecessor_currency: Nigerian pound
successor_currency: Nigerian naira
issuer: Bank of Biafra
signatures: Governor: First M. Njoku; Director: (illegible)
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of the Republic of Biafra
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Republic of Biafra independence and currency issuance
pick_number: P-5a
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:23
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:44
front_description:
  Palm tree rising sun motif at center, representing the independence and aspirations of the Republic of Biafra. The palm tree is a national symbol featured on the Biafran flag and coat of arms, symbolizing the region's agricultural wealth and natural resources. The note was issued during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) when the southeastern region of Nigeria declared independence as the Republic of Biafra.

back_description:
  Coat of arms of the Republic of Biafra at center, featuring a golden rising sun (representing a new dawn), an eagle (strength and vigilance), and two leopards as supporters. The motto 'PEACE UNITY FREEDOM' appears on a ribbon beneath the shield. The coat of arms was adopted in 1967 when Biafra declared independence under Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu and symbolizes the aspirations of the Igbo-dominated breakaway state.

historical_notes:
  Republic of Biafra series, 1968–1970. These notes were issued by the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War after the region declared independence on May 30, 1967. The Bank of Biafra issued currency in pounds, shillings, and pence, replacing Nigerian pounds in the breakaway territory. The notes circulated until January 15, 1970, when Biafra surrendered and was reintegrated into Nigeria. All Biafran currency was immediately demonetized. These notes are now collectible artifacts of the short-lived republic and are sought after for their historical significance in documenting the Nigerian Civil War.


country: Biafra
currency: Biafran pound
denomination: 1
series_name: First series
series_range: 1968–1970
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1970-01-15
predecessor_currency: Nigerian pound
successor_currency: Nigerian naira
issuer: Bank of Biafra
signatures: Governor: First M. Ufot; Director: [illegible]
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x82
security_features: microprint,intaglio,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Biafra
themes: independence,commemorative,indigenous_culture
commemorative_occasion: Republic of Biafra independence and currency issue
pick_number: P-5a
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:24
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:24
front_description:
  Palm tree with rising sun at center, symbol of Biafra representing hope and renewal for the secessionist state. The coconut palm was chosen as an emblem of the short-lived Republic of Biafra (1967–1970), which declared independence from Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War. The denomination is prominently displayed in ornate guilloche medallions at left and right, with serial number DT0075522 appearing twice.

back_description:
  Coat of arms of the Republic of Biafra at center right, featuring a golden rising sun, two seahorses as supporters, and the motto 'Peace Unity Freedom' on a ribbon beneath a shield. The arms symbolized the aspirations of the breakaway state. A blank watermark area appears at left, with ornamental guilloche work throughout and denomination 'ONE POUND' in banner at bottom.

historical_notes:
  The Biafran pound was the currency of the Republic of Biafra from 1968 to 1970, issued during the Nigerian Civil War following Biafra's secession on 30 May 1967. The Bank of Biafra was established to issue this currency, which was printed by De La Rue in the United Kingdom. The series ceased to have legal tender status when Biafra was reintegrated into Nigeria on 15 January 1970 following the republic's military defeat. These notes are historically significant as artifacts of the attempted secession and humanitarian crisis that resulted in widespread famine. The 1-pound note was among the most common denominations issued.


country: Bolivia
currency: BOB
denomination: 10000
series_name: Peso Boliviano series
series_year: 1984
series_range: 1962-1987
issue_year: 1984
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1987
predecessor_currency: Boliviano
successor_currency: Boliviano (new)
issuer: Banco Central de Bolivia
signatures: Gerente: [signature]; Presidente: [signature]
printer: Bundesdruckerei
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x70
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#f5deb3,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Palacio Legislativo (Legislative Palace)
themes: statesman,military,architecture
pick_number: 169
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:24
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:24
front_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the liberation of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela from Spanish rule, known as El Libertador. Bolivia is named in his honour. The note features the Bolivian coat of arms at center, depicting a mountain (Cerro Rico de Potosí), a breadfruit tree, an alpaca, wheat sheaf, and ten stars representing the departments of Bolivia. The decree reference 'DECRETO SUPREMO 20028 DE 10 DE FEBRERO DE 1984' dates this issue to February 10, 1984.

back_description:
  Palacio Legislativo (Legislative Palace) in La Paz, seat of the Bolivian legislature (Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional). The neoclassical building with its distinctive dome houses both chambers of Bolivia's Congress and has been a symbol of Bolivian democracy and governance since its construction in the early 20th century.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Peso Boliviano series issued from 1962–1987 during a period of severe hyperinflation in Bolivia. The 10,000 pesos bolivianos denomination reflects the dramatic devaluation that occurred in the 1980s, with inflation reaching catastrophic levels by mid-decade. The series was replaced in 1987 when Bolivia introduced a new boliviano at a rate of 1,000,000 old pesos to 1 new boliviano, effectively redenominating the currency to stabilize the economy. These high-denomination notes are a numismatic reminder of one of history's most extreme hyperinflationary episodes.


country: Biafra
currency: Biafran pound
denomination: 1 pound
series_name: Republic of Biafra issue
series_range: 1968–1970
issue_year: 1968
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1970-01-15
predecessor_currency: Nigerian pound
successor_currency: Nigerian naira
issuer: Bank of Biafra
signatures: Governor: Jack W. Udoh; Director: [signature illegible]
printer: Unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 151x75
watermark: Palm tree motif
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #8b7355,#d2b48c,#f5f5dc
reverse_subject: National coat of arms of Biafra
themes: indigenous_culture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Republic of Biafra independence and statehood
pick_number: P-5a
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:16:26
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:13:53
front_description:
  Palm tree rising from stylized sun, a central motif representing the tropical landscape and natural resources of Biafra. The palm tree was a key symbol of the short-lived Republic of Biafra (1967–1970), appearing on currency issued during the Nigerian Civil War to establish monetary independence from Nigeria. The note bears the promise 'Promise to pay on Demand the sum of ONE POUND' with signatures of the Governor and Director of the Bank of Biafra.

back_description:
  The national coat of arms of the Republic of Biafra featuring an eagle surmounting a shield with a rising sun, flanked by two leopards, with the motto 'PEACE UNITY FREEDOM' on a banner below. This emblem was adopted by Biafra upon its declaration of independence from Nigeria in 1967, incorporating imagery meaningful to the Igbo people and other ethnic groups of the secessionist region. The coat of arms symbolized the aspirations of the breakaway state during its three-year existence.

historical_notes:
  The Republic of Biafra issued its own currency series beginning in 1968, after seceding from Nigeria in May 1967 under the leadership of Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu. The Biafran pound was introduced to replace the Nigerian pound in the secessionist territory comprising the Eastern Region, primarily inhabited by the Igbo people. These notes circulated during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) until Biafra's surrender in January 1970, after which they were demonetized. The Bank of Biafra operated as the monetary authority of the unrecognized state. Biafran currency is now a historical artifact commemorating a tragic conflict that claimed over one million lives, many from starvation during the blockade.


country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
currency: BAM
denomination: 100
series_name: First dinar series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1994
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
issuer: National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
issuer_native: Народна банка Босне и Херцеговине
signatures: Guverner: [signature present but illegible]
material: paper
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #f5f5dc,#008080,#1a1a1a
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-2
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin and Cyrillic
languages: bs,hr,sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:25
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:25
front_description:
  Geometric guilloche pattern in brown and beige forming a radiating rosette design with central denomination of 100. The text 'STO DINARA' (one hundred dinars) appears in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. Dated '1. JULI - SRPANJ 1992' with Governor signature. This design represents the transitional currency issued by the newly independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

back_description:
  Historic coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina featuring a shield with fleur-de-lis and crown, centered within green-tinted guilloche security pattern. The inscription 'REPUBLIKA BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA' appears in both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Serial number 4252524 in red at left. This heraldic emblem represents the medieval Bosnian kingdom and was used during the early independence period.

historical_notes:
  First dinar series issued by the National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, immediately following independence from Yugoslavia on March 1, 1992. This emergency currency was printed during the early stages of the Bosnian War (1992–1995) and suffered from severe hyperinflation. The Bosnian dinar was replaced by the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark in 1994 at a rate of 1 mark = 100 dinars. These notes circulated for only two years and represent one of the shortest-lived currencies of the post-Yugoslav era. The bilingual text reflects the multi-ethnic character of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


country: Bolivia
currency: BOB
denomination: 50
series_name: Peso Boliviano series
series_year: 1962
series_range: 1962–1987
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1987
predecessor_currency: Boliviano
successor_currency: Boliviano (new)
issuer: Banco Central de Bolivia
signatures: Gerente; Presidente
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Simón Bolívar in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Simón Bolívar
reverse_subject: Puerta del Sol at Tiahuanaco
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: 162a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:26
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:26
front_description:
  Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Venezuelan military and political leader who led the independence movements of much of South America from Spanish rule. Known as 'El Libertador', he liberated what are now Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama; Bolivia is named in his honour. His portrait appears on this note as a symbol of Latin American independence and revolutionary ideals, with the Bolivian coat of arms at left.

back_description:
  The Puerta del Sol (Gateway of the Sun) at Tiahuanaco (Tiwanaku), a monumental stone gateway carved from a single block of andesite, dating to approximately 500–950 CE. This iconic pre-Columbian monument stands at the centre of the Tiwanaku archaeological site near Lake Titicaca, representing Bolivia's rich indigenous heritage and the sophisticated Tiwanaku civilization that preceded the Inca Empire.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Peso Boliviano series issued under Law of 13 July 1962, as indicated by the inscription 'LEY DE 13 DE JULIO DE 1962' on the face. The Peso Boliviano circulated from 1963 to 1987 during a period of significant economic instability and hyperinflation in Bolivia. This 50 pesos denomination was printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company. The series was eventually replaced by the new Boliviano in 1987 at a rate of 1,000,000 pesos bolivianos to 1 boliviano. The note features Simón Bolívar, after whom the country was named, and the pre-Columbian Puerta del Sol, reflecting both independence heritage and indigenous cultural pride.


country: Bolivia
currency: BOB
denomination: 10 Pesos Bolivianos
series_name: Peso Boliviano series
series_year: 1962
series_range: 1962–1963
issue_year: 1962
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1987
predecessor_currency: Boliviano
successor_currency: Peso Boliviano (1963 reform), later Boliviano (1987)
issuer: Banco Central de Bolivia
signatures: Gerente: [illegible signature]; Presidente: [illegible signature]
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #6b7c4a,#d4c5a0,#2d3b1f
portrait_subject: Germán Busch Becerra
reverse_subject: Cerro de Potosí with colonial architecture
themes: military,statesman,architecture
pick_number: 154a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:27
updated_at: 2026-05-08 22:58:54
front_description:
  Germán Busch Becerra (1903–1939), Bolivian military officer and president of Bolivia from 1937 to 1939. He rose to prominence during the Chaco War against Paraguay and became a nationalist leader who attempted progressive economic reforms, particularly regarding Bolivia's natural resources and tin industry. His presidency ended with his death in 1939, officially ruled a suicide though circumstances remain debated. The note also displays the Bolivian coat of arms at left, featuring the national condor, alpaca, breadfruit tree, and Cerro de Potosí.

back_description:
  Cerro de Potosí (Cerro Rico) with colonial-era buildings and churches in the foreground. Potosí was one of the richest silver mining centers in the Spanish colonial empire, and Cerro Rico (Rich Mountain) became legendary as the source of vast quantities of silver extracted from the 16th to 18th centuries. The mountain and the historic colonial architecture of Potosí represent Bolivia's mining heritage and colonial history, which fundamentally shaped the nation's economy and society.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Peso Boliviano series issued under the Law of 13 July 1962 (as printed on the face: 'LEY DE 13 DE JULIO DE 1962'). The Peso Boliviano was introduced in 1963 to replace the previous Boliviano at a rate of 1,000 to 1 following a period of significant inflation. This transitional series bears the 1962 law date but circulated from 1962–1963. The currency was later replaced by the new Boliviano in 1987 at a rate of 1,000,000 pesos bolivianos to 1 boliviano during hyperinflation. Thomas De La Rue printed this series, and the design honors Germán Busch, who remains an important figure in Bolivian nationalist history.


country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
currency: Bosnian Dinar
denomination: 1000
series_name: First Dinar Issue
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1994
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1998
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Convertible Mark
issuer: Narodna Banka Bosne i Hercegovine
issuer_native: НАРОДНА БАНКА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
signatures: Guverner: signature present but name illegible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x75
security_features: guilloche_patterns,microprint
color_palette: #e8dcc8,#a87b9e,#4a5a7a
reverse_subject: Stari Most (Old Bridge) in Mostar
themes: architecture,commemorative
pick_number: P-15
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: bs,hr,sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:29
front_description:
  Geometric guilloche pattern with denomination 1000 in white numerals against blue-purple rosette. Text in four languages (Latin and Cyrillic scripts for Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian) identifies the issuer as Narodna Banka Bosne i Hercegovine. Date '1. JULI - SRPANJ 1992' indicates July 1, 1992 issue. This series was issued during the early period of the Bosnian War (1992–1995) following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia.

back_description:
  Stari Most (Old Bridge) in Mostar, the iconic 16th-century Ottoman bridge designed by Mimar Hayruddin, a student of the great architect Mimar Sinan. The bridge, built 1557–1566, spanned the Neretva River and stood for 427 years as a masterpiece of Ottoman engineering and a symbol of Mostar. Tragically, it was destroyed by Croatian forces in November 1993 during the Croat-Bosniak War, approximately one year after this banknote was issued. The bridge was reconstructed using original techniques and Ottoman-era stones and reopened in July 2004; it is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the First Dinar Issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1994), introduced after the country declared independence from Yugoslavia in March 1992. The Bosnian Dinar replaced the Yugoslav Dinar at par and circulated during the Bosnian War. Hyperinflation plagued the currency, leading to progressively higher denominations. The depiction of Stari Most is poignant: issued in July 1992, the note immortalizes the bridge just over a year before its destruction in November 1993. The Bosnian Dinar was replaced by the Convertible Mark in 1998 following the Dayton Agreement. Serial number on this note is 20122215, prefix KA.


country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
currency: BAM
denomination: 10
series_name: First issue
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1998
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1998
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
successor_currency: Convertible mark
issuer: National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
issuer_native: Народна банка Босне и Херцеговине
signatures: Guverner: signature present but illegible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
security_features: guilloche_rosette,microprint
color_palette: #d8b5d8,#ffb6c1,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Stećak medieval tombstone
themes: indigenous_culture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina
pick_number: P-10
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Cyrillic
languages: bs,hr,sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:47
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:18:47
front_description:
  Abstract guilloche rosette pattern in pink and purple creating an ornate security design. The note bears the denomination '10 DESET DINARA' (ten dinars) in Latin and Cyrillic scripts, issued by the Narodna Banka Bosne i Hercegovine (National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Dated '1. JULI – SRPANJ 1992', this represents the first currency issue following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence during the breakup of Yugoslavia.

back_description:
  Stećak medieval tombstone depicted within a circular vignette. Stećci are monumental medieval tombstones unique to Bosnia and Herzegovina and surrounding regions, dating from the 12th to 16th centuries, and recognized as UNESCO World Heritage. These distinctive stone monuments represent an important cultural symbol of medieval Bosnian identity and are among the most significant archaeological heritage of the region.

historical_notes:
  The Bosnian dinar was introduced on 1 July 1992 following Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence from Yugoslavia in March 1992. This first issue series (1992–1998) was produced during the Bosnian War and severe hyperinflation that characterized the early years of independence. The dinar was replaced by the convertible mark (konvertibilna marka) in 1998 at a rate of 1 mark = 100 dinars as part of the Dayton Agreement's economic stabilization measures. The choice of stećci as a motif reflects an attempt to use culturally neutral, pre-Ottoman symbols that could represent all ethnic groups in the newly independent state.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 1
series_name: Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1970–1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro Novo
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Allegorical head of the Republic in clear field at right
security_features: intaglio,microprint,watermark
color_palette: #6b8e6f,#e8dab2,#2d3e2d
portrait_subject: Efígie da República
reverse_subject: Banco Central do Brasil building
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: 191c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:16
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:16
front_description:
  Efígie da República (Allegory of the Republic), the symbolic female representation of the Brazilian Republic wearing a Phrygian cap, facing right in profile. This allegorical portrait has appeared on various Brazilian currency issues since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, representing liberty, democracy and national identity. The denomination 'UM CRUZEIRO' appears prominently at center.

back_description:
  The headquarters building of the Banco Central do Brasil in Brasília, depicted in a circular vignette at left. The building serves as the seat of Brazil's central bank, established in 1964 to regulate the nation's monetary policy and currency issuance. The architectural style represents the modernist design characteristic of Brasília's government buildings.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Cruzeiro series (second cruzeiro), issued from 1970 to 1986 following the return from Cruzeiro Novo in 1970. The cruzeiro was replaced by the Cruzado in 1986 during Brazil's period of chronic hyperinflation. The 1 Cruzeiro denomination was one of the lowest values in circulation during this period. The series featured the allegorical Republic portrait that had been a staple of Brazilian currency design since the late 19th century.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 1 Cruzeiro
series_name: Second Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1970-1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro Novo
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Allegorical female head (Republic) in oval at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #90b090,#f5f5dc,#4a6a4a
portrait_subject: Allegorical representation of the Republic
reverse_subject: Banco Central do Brasil building
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: 191
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:16
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:16
front_description:
  Allegorical female head representing the Brazilian Republic, depicted in profile facing left within an oval frame. This classical representation with flowing hair and ornamental details has been a recurring motif on Brazilian currency since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, symbolizing liberty, civic virtue, and national sovereignty. The figure embodies the republican ideals that replaced the imperial regime.

back_description:
  Banco Central do Brasil headquarters building in Brasília, the modernist capital designed by Oscar Niemeyer and Lúcio Costa. The building represents the institutional authority of Brazil's central bank, established in 1964 to replace the Superintendency of Money and Credit (SUMOC). The neoclassical facade with columns reflects the architectural style of government buildings in the planned capital.

historical_notes:
  Second Cruzeiro series, issued 1970–1986 by the Banco Central do Brasil during a period of military rule and economic modernization. The Cruzeiro (BRZ) was reintroduced in 1970 after the short-lived Cruzeiro Novo (1967–1970), which had replaced the original Cruzeiro at 1000:1. This second Cruzeiro circulated during Brazil's 'economic miracle' years and subsequent debt crisis, before being replaced by the Cruzado in 1986 at 1000:1 as part of the Plano Cruzado anti-inflation package. The 1 Cruzeiro was the lowest denomination of this series.


country: Brazil
currency: Cruzeiro
denomination: 1
series_name: First Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1942–1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1967
predecessor_currency: Mil-Réis
successor_currency: Cruzeiro Novo
issuer: Tesouro Nacional (National Treasury of Brazil)
issuer_native: Tesouro Nacional
signatures: Diretor Caixa de Amortização; Ministro da Fazenda
printer: American Bank Note Company
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #4169e1,#f5deb3,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Marquês de Tamandaré
reverse_subject: Escola Naval (Naval School)
themes: military,architecture
pick_number: P-135b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:16
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:30:54
front_description:
  Joaquim Marques Lisboa, Marquês de Tamandaré (1807–1897), Brazilian admiral and patron of the Brazilian Navy. He fought in the Cisplatine War, the Ragamuffin War, the Platine War, and the Paraguayan War, becoming the most celebrated naval officer in Brazilian history. His portrait appears within an ornate oval frame surrounded by guilloche patterns, with the inscription 'TESOURO NACIONAL' arcing above.

back_description:
  Escola Naval (Naval School) in Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian naval academy founded in 1808 by Dom João VI. The building shown is the modernist structure on Villegagnon Island in Guanabara Bay, which served as the academy's location. The school has trained Brazilian naval officers for over two centuries and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Brazil.

historical_notes:
  First Cruzeiro series, issued 1942–1967. The Cruzeiro replaced the Mil-Réis at a rate of 1000:1 in 1942 as part of a monetary reform under President Getúlio Vargas. This 1 Cruzeiro denomination was among the lowest values in the series. The notes were printed by American Bank Note Company and featured prominent Brazilian military and historical figures. The currency was eventually replaced by the Cruzeiro Novo in 1967 during another period of monetary reform due to inflation. Serie 3414A indicates a specific production batch within the broader issue period.


country: Brazil
currency: Cruzeiro
denomination: 5 Cruzeiros
series_name: Second Cruzeiro series
series_year: 1288A
series_range: 1943–1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1967
predecessor_currency: Mil Réis
successor_currency: Cruzeiro Novo
issuer: Tesouro Nacional
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited, London
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x78
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4c5a0,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Pedro Álvares Cabral
reverse_subject: Conquest of the Amazon
themes: military,statesman,indigenous_culture,commemorative
pick_number: 158
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:19
signatures:
  Ministro da Fazenda: signature present but illegible; Caixa de Amortização: signature present but illegible

front_description:
  Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467–c. 1520), Portuguese navigator and explorer who is credited with the discovery of Brazil in 1500 when he led the first Portuguese expedition to reach South America. He commanded a fleet of 13 ships that sailed from Portugal to India but deviated westward, landing on the Brazilian coast on April 22, 1500, claiming the territory for Portugal. This note honours his role as the European discoverer of Brazil.

back_description:
  Allegorical scene titled 'Conquista do Amazonas' (Conquest of the Amazon), depicting the Portuguese colonial expansion into the Amazon region. The scene shows European explorers and missionaries, indigenous peoples, and the raising of flags symbolizing Portuguese sovereignty over the vast Amazonian territories of northern Brazil. This representation reflects the 19th-century romanticized view of colonization and territorial consolidation.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Second Cruzeiro series (1942–1967), which replaced the Mil Réis at a rate of 1 Cruzeiro = 1000 Réis. The series was issued by the Tesouro Nacional (National Treasury) rather than the Banco Central, which was not established until 1964. The 5 Cruzeiros denomination features Pedro Álvares Cabral, linking Brazilian currency to its colonial Portuguese heritage. The 'ESTAMPA 2.A SÉRIE 1288A' overprint indicates this is a second printing run variant from the series code 1288A. These notes were demonetized in 1967 when the Cruzeiro was replaced by the Cruzeiro Novo at a rate of 1000:1 due to inflation. Printed by Thomas De La Rue in London, this issue exemplifies mid-20th century Brazilian currency design with elaborate guilloche patterns and historical-allegorical imagery.


country: Brazil
currency: Cruzeiro
denomination: 5 Cruzeiros
series_name: Second series
series_range: 1943–1953
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1967
predecessor_currency: Mil Réis
successor_currency: Cruzeiro Novo
issuer: Tesouro Nacional
issuer_native: Thesouro Nacional
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited, London
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x80
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4a574,#c85a54
portrait_subject: Barão do Rio Branco
reverse_subject: Conquest of Amazonas
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 157
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:38
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:19:38
front_description:
  José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, Barão do Rio Branco (1845–1912), Brazilian diplomat, geographer and historian who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1902 until his death. He is considered the principal architect of modern Brazilian diplomacy and was instrumental in peacefully resolving Brazil's border disputes through arbitration and negotiation, establishing much of Brazil's current territorial boundaries. His portrait appears at center within an ornate frame surrounded by elaborate guilloche patterns and the text 'THESOURO NACIONAL' and 'BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO'.

back_description:
  Scene depicting the Conquest of Amazonas (Conquista do Amazonas), a historical event representing Portuguese and Brazilian expansion and settlement in the Amazon region. The vignette shows indigenous peoples, settlers, and flags, symbolizing the incorporation of the vast Amazonian territories into Brazil. This scene celebrates the territorial consolidation that Rio Branco later secured diplomatically.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Second series of Brazilian Cruzeiros, issued between 1943 and 1953. The Cruzeiro was introduced in 1942 to replace the Mil Réis at a rate of 1 Cruzeiro = 1,000 Réis, and circulated until monetary reforms in 1967 introduced the Cruzeiro Novo. This series was printed by Thomas De La Rue in London and features elaborate engraving work typical of mid-20th century banknote design. The choice of Barão do Rio Branco reflects his enduring importance in Brazilian national identity as the diplomat who peacefully established Brazil's modern borders.


country: Brazil
currency: Cruzeiro
denomination: 100
series_name: Second Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1981–1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro (first)
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Duque de Caxias in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b6969,#f5e5e5
portrait_subject: Duque de Caxias
reverse_subject: Proclamation of the Republic scene
themes: military, statesman
pick_number: P-198c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:06
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:06
front_description:
  Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duque de Caxias (1803–1880), Brazilian military commander and statesman. He is the patron of the Brazilian Army, celebrated for his leadership in the War of the Triple Alliance and numerous internal conflicts, and is considered the greatest Brazilian military figure of the 19th century. The portrait shows him in later life alongside an allegorical female figure representing the Republic or Liberty.

back_description:
  Proclamation of the Republic scene depicting the events of November 15, 1889, when Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca led the military coup that overthrew Emperor Dom Pedro II and established the Brazilian Republic. The scene shows soldiers and civilians in period dress, symbolizing the transition from Empire to Republic and honoring the military's role in Brazilian independence and republican governance.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the second Cruzeiro series (1970–1986), issued during Brazil's military dictatorship period. The Cruzeiro was reinstated in 1970 (at a rate of 1 Cruzeiro = 1,000 Cruzeiros Novos) and circulated until monetary reform in 1986 replaced it with the Cruzado at 1,000:1 due to hyperinflation. The 100 Cruzeiros denomination was a mid-value note in this series, featuring consistent iconography celebrating Brazil's military and republican heritage.


country: Brazil
currency: BRL
denomination: 100 Cruzeiros
series_name: Cruzeiro series (second)
series_range: 1981–1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro (first)
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: Banco Central do Brasil
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Cecília Meireles in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a373,#e8d5c4,#a8c5a0
portrait_subject: Cecília Meireles
reverse_subject: Brazilian cultural and natural diversity scene
themes: writer,indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: 198c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:08
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:08
front_description:
  Cecília Meireles (1901–1964), one of Brazil's most celebrated poets and educators. A leading figure of Brazilian modernism and the generation of 1930, she wrote extensively on themes of love, death, transience, and spirituality; her work 'Romanceiro da Inconfidência' is considered a masterpiece of Brazilian literature. She was also a pioneering educator and journalist, and remains widely honoured in Brazilian culture.

back_description:
  A complex allegorical composition representing Brazilian cultural and natural diversity. The design incorporates indigenous motifs, wildlife including a heron at left, Amazonian flora and fauna, cultural symbols representing Brazil's mixed heritage (indigenous, African, European), scientific symbols (atomic structure), and urban/architectural elements representing modernization. The scene synthesizes Brazil's natural wealth, cultural plurality, and developmental aspirations during the modernization period.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the second Cruzeiro series, issued 1981–1986 by the Banco Central do Brasil during a period of high inflation in Brazil. The Cruzeiro was reintroduced in 1970 (replacing the Cruzeiro Novo at parity) and circulated until 1986, when it was replaced by the Cruzado at a rate of 1,000:1 as part of the Plano Cruzado economic reform. The 100 Cruzeiros note featuring Cecília Meireles was part of a series that honoured significant Brazilian cultural figures. This denomination saw multiple signature and serial number variants as inflation eroded its value rapidly through the early 1980s.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 100
series_name: Cruzado series
series_range: 1986–1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro
successor_currency: Cruzado Novo
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Juscelino Kubitschek in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #f5deb3,#4682b4,#d4af37
portrait_subject: Juscelino Kubitschek
reverse_subject: National Congress of Brazil in Brasília
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-213
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:09
front_description:
  Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (1902–1976), 21st President of Brazil (1956–1961), known as the 'President of Hope' and founder of Brasília, the new capital city inaugurated in 1960. His administration oversaw rapid industrialization under the slogan '50 years in 5,' making him one of Brazil's most transformative leaders. The note also depicts industrial scenes including oil refineries and power infrastructure, symbolizing Brazil's modernization during his presidency. The motto 'DEUS SEJA LOUVADO' (God be praised) appears at lower center.

back_description:
  The National Congress of Brazil (Congresso Nacional) in Brasília, the bicameral legislature consisting of the Federal Senate and Chamber of Deputies, housed in the iconic modernist building designed by Oscar Niemeyer. The twin towers represent the two legislative chambers, with the dome (Senate) and inverted dome (Chamber) flanking them. Completed in 1960 as part of Kubitschek's vision for Brasília, this structure remains one of the most recognizable symbols of Brazilian governance and modernist architecture.

historical_notes:
  The Cruzado was introduced on 28 February 1986 under the Cruzado Plan (Plano Cruzado) as part of an economic shock program to combat hyperinflation, replacing the second Cruzeiro at a rate of 1,000:1. This 100 Cruzados note was part of the initial series issued by the Banco Central do Brasil. The currency was short-lived, lasting only until 1989 when it was replaced by the Cruzado Novo due to renewed inflation. The choice of Juscelino Kubitschek honored the president most associated with Brazil's mid-century economic ambitions and the construction of Brasília.


country: Brazil
currency: BRL
denomination: 50 Cruzados Novos
series_name: Cruzado Novo series
series_range: 1989–1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990-03-16
predecessor_currency: Cruzado
successor_currency: Cruzeiro
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
signatures: Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil; Presidente do Conselho Monetário Nacional
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Carlos Drummond de Andrade in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #f5deb3,#8b4513,#d2691e
portrait_subject: Carlos Drummond de Andrade
reverse_subject: Carlos Drummond de Andrade composing poetry
themes: writer
pick_number: 220
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:09
front_description:
  Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–1987), widely regarded as Brazil's greatest modernist poet and one of the most influential writers in Brazilian literature. A civil servant and journalist from Minas Gerais, he wrote profound verse exploring universal themes of existence, love, and social consciousness. His work transformed Brazilian poetry and earned him global recognition, making him a natural choice to honour Brazilian cultural achievement on this short-lived currency. The note features his portrait wearing characteristic round glasses, with handwritten verse visible at left and the motto 'DEUS SEJA LOUVADO' (God be praised).

back_description:
  Carlos Drummond de Andrade composing at his writing desk, shown in profile as he works at a typewriter. The right side displays verses from his poetry in Portuguese, celebrating the transformative power of words and human connection. This design emphasizes his role as a craftsman of language and Brazil's literary heritage during a period of economic transition.

historical_notes:
  The Cruzado Novo was introduced on 15 January 1989 as part of the Plano Verão economic stabilization plan, replacing the Cruzado at a rate of 1000:1. This short-lived currency was an attempt to combat Brazil's hyperinflation crisis, which had reached catastrophic levels in the late 1980s. The denomination '50 Cruzeiros' was overstamped as '50 Cruzados Novos' (visible on this note), representing a transitional issue. The Cruzado Novo lasted only 15 months before being replaced by the reintroduced Cruzeiro on 16 March 1990 at a 1:1 ratio. This series honoured Brazilian cultural figures, with Drummond de Andrade chosen for the 50 denomination. The ephemeral nature of this currency makes it a significant artifact of Brazil's tumultuous monetary history.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 200
series_name: Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1984–1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro (second)
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Princess Isabel
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #b0e0e6,#d4a5a5,#f4a460
portrait_subject: Princess Isabel
reverse_subject: Agricultural workers with harvest
themes: statesman,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-200
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:26
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:14:21
front_description:
  Princess Isabel of Brazil (1846–1921), daughter of Emperor Pedro II and heir presumptive to the Brazilian throne. She served as regent three times and is best remembered for signing the Lei Áurea (Golden Law) on May 13, 1888, which abolished slavery in Brazil. She is honoured on this note for her role in one of Brazil's most significant social reforms.

back_description:
  Agricultural workers with harvest scene depicting rural labour and agricultural production. The scene shows workers gathering crops and produce in baskets, representing Brazil's agrarian economy and the importance of agricultural labour to the nation's development during the Cruzeiro period.

historical_notes:
  This 200 Cruzeiros note belongs to the third Cruzeiro series (1970–1986), issued during a period of high inflation in Brazil. The Cruzeiro was replaced by the Cruzado in 1986 at a rate of 1000:1 as part of the Plano Cruzado economic reform. The series featured important historical figures from Brazilian history and scenes representing different economic sectors.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 1000
series_name: Cruzeiro series
series_range: 1981-1986
issue_year: 1984
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1986
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro (second)
successor_currency: Cruzado
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
signatures: President: Ernane Galvêas; Diretor: Walter Barbas
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Barão do Rio Branco in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b9a8e,#654321
portrait_subject: Barão do Rio Branco
reverse_subject: Historical artillery cannons
themes: statesman,military,industry
pick_number: 200
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:56
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:14:41
front_description:
  José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, Barão do Rio Branco (1845–1912), Brazilian diplomat, geographer and statesman who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1902 until his death. He is considered the father of Brazilian diplomacy, having peacefully settled numerous border disputes and expanded Brazil's territory through skilled arbitration and negotiation. The note inscription 'BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO' identifies the subject, honoring his crucial role in defining modern Brazil's borders and international standing.

back_description:
  Historical artillery cannons representing Brazil's military heritage and defense capabilities. The crossed cannons are rendered in detailed intaglio engraving, symbolizing the strength and sovereignty of the Brazilian nation during the military period. The design emphasizes industrial and military themes common to Brazilian currency of the 1980s.

historical_notes:
  Part of the third Cruzeiro series issued by the Banco Central do Brasil during the early to mid-1980s, a period of high inflation in Brazil. The Cruzeiro (third) circulated from 1970 to 1986, when it was replaced by the Cruzado at a rate of 1000:1 as part of the Plano Cruzado economic reform. The 1000 Cruzeiros note was among the higher denominations needed as inflation eroded purchasing power. This series featured prominent Brazilian historical figures and was printed on paper with security threads and watermarks.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 500
series_name: Cruzado series
series_range: 1986–1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990-03-16
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro (1970–1986)
successor_currency: Cruzado Novo
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Villa-Lobos in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,thread
color_palette: #a8c5b5,#d4c8a0,#6b8e7f
portrait_subject: Heitor Villa-Lobos
reverse_subject: Villa-Lobos conducting
themes: artist,music,culture
pick_number: 212
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:56
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:56
signatures:
  Presidente do Conselho Monetário Nacional: signature present; Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil: signature present

front_description:
  Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887–1959), Brazilian composer, conductor and cellist who became the most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian classical music. He wrote over 2,000 works, incorporating Brazilian folk and indigenous elements into classical forms, and founded the Brazilian Academy of Music. The note also depicts the Victoria regia (giant water lily), a symbol of Amazonian flora.

back_description:
  Villa-Lobos conducting with baton raised, shown in profile against a background of stylized vegetation. The scene captures his role as conductor and educator, reflecting his work in musical education throughout Brazil and his international conducting career that brought Brazilian music to world prominence.

historical_notes:
  The Cruzado series (1986–1989) was introduced during the Plano Cruzado economic reform under President José Sarney, replacing the Cruzeiro at a rate of 1,000:1 in an attempt to combat hyperinflation. The 500 Cruzados denomination honored Villa-Lobos as part of Brazil's practice of featuring cultural and scientific figures on its currency. The Cruzado itself was short-lived, replaced by the Cruzado Novo in 1989 and ultimately by the return of the Cruzeiro in 1990, as hyperinflation continued.


country: Brazil
currency: BRL
denomination: 500 Cruzados
series_name: Cruzado series
series_range: 1986–1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro
successor_currency: Cruzado Novo
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
signatures: Presidente do Conselho Monetário Nacional; Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Villa-Lobos in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#7a9e9f,#8b9456
portrait_subject: Heitor Villa-Lobos
reverse_subject: Villa-Lobos with indigenous children and forest scene
themes: artist,indigenous_culture,wildlife
pick_number: 211b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:57
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:57
front_description:
  Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887–1959), Brazil's most celebrated classical composer and conductor, known for incorporating Brazilian folk and indigenous music into classical compositions. He composed over 2,000 works including the Bachianas Brasileiras series and founded the Brazilian Academy of Music. Behind his portrait is a stylized representation of musical staves and Brazilian vegetation, symbolizing his fusion of classical forms with native themes. The motto 'DEUS SEJA LOUVADO' (God Be Praised) appears below the denomination.

back_description:
  Villa-Lobos conducting or teaching indigenous children in a forest setting, representing his lifelong work collecting and promoting Brazilian folk music and his involvement in music education reform in Brazil during the 1930s and 1940s. The scene depicts native vegetation and trees, emphasizing the connection between Brazilian culture, nature, and Villa-Lobos's musical legacy rooted in the country's indigenous and folk traditions.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Cruzado series issued from 1986 to 1989, during Brazil's economic stabilization attempts. The Cruzado replaced the Cruzeiro at a rate of 1,000:1 in February 1986 as part of the Cruzado Plan to combat hyperinflation. The 500 cruzados denomination was one of the highest values in this series. Despite initial success, inflation returned, and the Cruzado was replaced by the Cruzado Novo in 1989 at 1,000:1. Villa-Lobos was chosen to honor Brazilian cultural achievement during this turbulent economic period.


country: Brazil
currency: BRL
denomination: 200
series_name: Bicentennial of the Republic series
series_range: 1989–1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990
predecessor_currency: Cruzado Novo
successor_currency: Cruzeiro
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: República effigy at right side
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #87ceeb,#9acd32,#f5f5dc
portrait_subject: República (allegory of the Brazilian Republic)
reverse_subject: Detail from painting 'Pátria' by Pedro Bruno
themes: statesman,commemorative,art
commemorative_occasion: Bicentennial of the Inconfidência Mineira (1789-1989)
pick_number: P-229
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:20:59
signatures:
  Ministro da Economia, Fazenda e Planejamento: signature visible; Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil: signature visible

front_description:
  República, the allegorical female personification of the Brazilian Republic, appears at center right. This classical figure has been used on Brazilian currency since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889. The text 'REPÚBLICA I CENTENÁRIO' commemorates the centennial of the Republic (1889-1989). At left, a scene depicting three figures from Brazilian independence and republican history is shown in green tones, representing the Inconfidência Mineira movement of 1789, a significant precursor to Brazilian independence. The note celebrates dual centenaries: 100 years of the Republic and 200 years since the Inconfidência.

back_description:
  Detail from the painting 'Pátria' (Homeland) by Brazilian artist Pedro Bruno (1888-1949). The artwork shows a domestic scene with figures in an interior setting, representing Brazilian family life and national identity. Bruno was known for his historical and genre paintings that depicted Brazilian society. This artistic reproduction connects national cultural heritage with the commemorative nature of the banknote series, issued during the transition from Cruzado Novo to Cruzeiro.

historical_notes:
  This 200 Cruzados Novos note was issued as part of Brazil's commemorative series marking the centennial of the Republic (proclaimed 1889) and the bicentennial of the Inconfidência Mineira (1789), the failed independence conspiracy led by Tiradentes. The Cruzado Novo was Brazil's short-lived currency (1989-1990), introduced during the country's struggle with hyperinflation under the Plano Verão economic stabilization attempt. It was replaced by the Cruzeiro in March 1990, making this commemorative issue one of the briefest series in Brazilian monetary history. The artistic design, incorporating Pedro Bruno's painting, marked a shift toward celebrating Brazilian cultural achievement alongside political history.


country: Brazil
currency: BRZ
denomination: 1000
series_name: Cruzado series
series_range: 1986–1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1989
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro
successor_currency: Cruzado Novo
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Machado de Assis in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,security_thread
color_palette: #d4a76a,#9b7fb8,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Machado de Assis
reverse_subject: Rua Primeiro de Março, Rio de Janeiro, 1905
themes: writer,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 213
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:21:34
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:21:34
signatures:
  Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil: signature present; Presidente do Conselho Monetário Nacional: signature present

front_description:
  Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839–1908), Brazil's foremost writer and founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. The son of a freed slave and a Portuguese washerwoman, Machado de Assis rose to become one of the greatest novelists in the Portuguese language, author of Dom Casmurro, Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, and other masterworks. His portrait appears alongside excerpts from his writings and the motto 'DEUS SEJA LOUVADO' (God be praised). This note was issued during the Cruzado monetary reform, which attempted to combat Brazil's severe hyperinflation in the 1980s by removing three zeros from the Cruzeiro.

back_description:
  Rua Primeiro de Março (First of March Street) in Rio de Janeiro as it appeared in 1905, showing the historic commercial district with colonial and Belle Époque architecture, street trams, and pedestrians. This street was the financial heart of Rio during Machado de Assis's lifetime and represents Brazil's commercial and cultural development during the late Empire and early Republic. The inscription 'RIO DE JANEIRO - RUA 1ª DE MARÇO EM 1905' identifies the specific view.

historical_notes:
  The Cruzado was introduced on 28 February 1986 as part of the Plano Cruzado economic reform program, replacing the Cruzeiro at a rate of 1 Cruzado = 1,000 Cruzeiros. The plan aimed to halt Brazil's runaway inflation through a price and wage freeze, but ultimately failed. The Cruzado was replaced by the Cruzado Novo in 1989 at a rate of 1,000:1, continuing Brazil's cycle of currency reforms. The 1,000 Cruzados note was one of the higher denominations in this short-lived series, which lasted only three years. Machado de Assis has appeared on various Brazilian banknotes, honoring his status as the nation's greatest literary figure.


country: Hungary
currency: Pengő
denomination: 100
series_name: Second Pengő series
series_year: 1930
series_range: 1930-1944
issue_year: 1930
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1946-08-01
predecessor_currency: Korona
successor_currency: Forint
issuer: Magyar Nemzeti Bank
issuer_native: Magyar Nemzeti Bank
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x115
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b5a7a,#d4af8e,#6b4958
portrait_subject: Mátyás Király
reverse_subject: Buda Castle
themes: monarch,architecture,statesman
pick_number: P-98
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hu
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:07
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:07
front_description:
  Mátyás Király (Matthias Corvinus, 1443–1490), King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490, one of the most celebrated rulers in Hungarian history. His reign is remembered as a golden age of Hungarian culture and military power; he established one of Europe's finest Renaissance courts and the famous Bibliotheca Corviniana. The note bears the inscription 'BUDAPEST, 1930 ÉVI JÚLIUS HÓ 1-ÉN' (Budapest, 1 July 1930) and features the Hungarian coat of arms with two angels at left.

back_description:
  Buda Castle (Royal Palace of Buda) on Castle Hill in Budapest, the historical residence of Hungarian kings. The complex has been rebuilt multiple times since the 13th century, serving as the seat of Hungarian monarchs including Matthias Corvinus. Depicted here in its pre-WWII form, topped with a Turul bird (a mythological falcon-like bird from Hungarian tradition and heraldic symbol).

historical_notes:
  Part of the Second Pengő series issued by Magyar Nemzeti Bank from 1930. The Pengő was introduced in 1927 to replace the hyperinflated Korona at a rate of 12,500:1. This 100 pengő note featuring Matthias Corvinus was in circulation until the catastrophic hyperinflation of 1945-1946, when the Pengő became the currency with the highest ever recorded inflation. It was replaced by the Forint on 1 August 1946. The 1930 series represented Hungary's interwar monetary stability before the economic devastation of World War II.


country: Brazil
currency: Cruzado Novo
denomination: 1000
series_name: Cruzado Novo series
series_range: 1989-1990
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1990-03-16
predecessor_currency: Cruzado
successor_currency: Cruzeiro
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
signatures: Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil: signature visible; Valor signature visible
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Machado de Assis in clear field
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,security_thread
color_palette: #d4a574,#c8b896,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Machado de Assis
reverse_subject: Rua Primeiro de Março, Rio de Janeiro
themes: writer,architecture
pick_number: P-216
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:07
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:07
front_description:
  Machado de Assis (1839–1908), Brazil's most celebrated writer and novelist, founder and first president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Author of masterworks including 'Dom Casmurro' and 'Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas', he is regarded as the greatest writer in the Portuguese language and a pioneer of Brazilian Realism. The note bears his portrait at right with spectacles and beard, alongside excerpts from his literary works and his signature. An overprint triangle with '1 CRUZADO NOVO' indicates the currency reform that converted 1000 cruzados to 1 cruzado novo.

back_description:
  Rua Primeiro de Março in Rio de Janeiro as it appeared in 1905, showing the historic street scene with colonial architecture, horse-drawn trams, and pedestrians. This was one of Rio's most important commercial thoroughfares during the Belle Époque era. The street connects the historic center to the port district and reflects the urban landscape of Brazil's capital during Machado de Assis's lifetime.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the short-lived Cruzado Novo currency introduced in January 1989 as Brazil's response to hyperinflation under the Plano Verão economic plan. The cruzado novo replaced the cruzado at a rate of 1000:1. Due to continued hyperinflation, the currency lasted only 18 months before being replaced by the reintroduced cruzeiro in March 1990. This 1000 cruzados note was overprinted with '1 CRUZADO NOVO' to convert it to the new denomination, making it both a transitional piece and a testament to Brazil's monetary instability of the late 1980s. The note celebrates Brazil's literary heritage by featuring Machado de Assis.


country: Brazil
currency: BRL
denomination: 1000 Cruzeiros Reais
series_name: Cruzeiro Real series
series_range: 1993–1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-07-01
predecessor_currency: Cruzeiro
successor_currency: Real
issuer: Banco Central do Brasil
issuer_native: BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
signatures: Ministro da Fazenda; Presidente do Banco Central do Brasil
printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
watermark: Portrait of Anísio Teixeira in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#6b9ec1,#8b4513
portrait_subject: Anísio Teixeira
reverse_subject: Brazilian schoolchildren and education scene
themes: statesman,writer,science,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 239
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: pt
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:09
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:09
front_description:
  Anísio Spínola Teixeira (1900–1971), Brazilian educator, writer, and intellectual who was one of the pioneers of public education reform in Brazil and a leading figure in the Brazilian progressive education movement. As Secretary of Education in Bahia and later in Rio de Janeiro, he championed universal, free, secular public education and founded the University of Brasília. Behind his portrait is a traditional indigenous maloca (communal house) with characteristic thatched roof architecture, representing Brazil's indigenous heritage and cultural diversity.

back_description:
  Brazilian schoolchildren of diverse ethnic backgrounds engaged in learning activities, representing Anísio Teixeira's vision of universal, inclusive public education for all Brazilian children regardless of race or social class. The scene depicts students reading, studying, and collaborating, symbolizing the democratic education movement that Teixeira championed throughout his career and his belief in education as the foundation of social progress and equality.

historical_notes:
  The Cruzeiro Real was Brazil's short-lived currency from August 1993 to June 1994, replacing the third Cruzeiro at 1,000:1 during a period of hyperinflation. This 1000 Cruzeiros Reais note was part of the highest denomination issued in this series. The currency was replaced by the Real (BRL) on July 1, 1994, as part of the Plano Real economic stabilization program, at a rate of 2,750 Cruzeiros Reais = 1 Real. The choice of Anísio Teixeira reflected Brazil's emphasis on education as a national priority. All Cruzeiro Real notes were demonetized shortly after the Real's introduction, making this one of Brazil's shortest-lived currency series.


country: Hungary
currency: HUF
denomination: 200
series_name: Post-transition series
series_year: 1998
series_range: 1997–2008
issue_year: 1998
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2009
issuer: Magyar Nemzeti Bank
issuer_native: Magyar Nemzeti Bank
printer: Pénzjegynyomda Zrt.
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x70
watermark: Portrait of Károly Róbert in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,watermark,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #c8dfc8,#f5f5dc,#4a6b5e
portrait_subject: Charles I of Hungary (Károly Róbert)
reverse_subject: Diósgyőr Castle
themes: monarch,architecture
pick_number: P-178
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hu
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:28
front_description:
  Charles I of Hungary (Károly Róbert, 1288–1342), King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to 1342, first monarch of the Angevin dynasty in Hungary. He restored royal power after decades of feudal anarchy, stabilized the economy through monetary reforms including the introduction of the gold forint, and made Hungary one of the largest gold producers in Europe during his reign. He is honoured on this note for his crucial role in establishing Hungary's medieval prosperity and political stability.

back_description:
  Diósgyőr Castle (Diósgyőri vár) in Miskolc, a medieval fortress built in the 13th century and significantly expanded under the Angevin kings in the 14th century. The castle served as a royal residence and was a favored hunting lodge of the Hungarian queens. The inscription 'DIÓSGYŐRI VÁR' identifies the site. The castle represents the architectural and cultural legacy of the Angevin period in Hungarian history.

historical_notes:
  This 200 forint note belongs to the post-transition series issued by Magyar Nemzeti Bank following Hungary's democratic transformation. The 1997–2008 series replaced earlier designs with enhanced security features and updated imagery celebrating Hungarian historical figures and landmarks. The 200 forint denomination featuring Károly Róbert was issued from 1998 and remained in circulation until the denomination was replaced by coins in the late 2000s. The note emphasizes Hungary's medieval golden age under Angevin rule.


country: Serbia
currency: RSD
denomination: 10
series_name: 2003-2011 Issue
series_year: 2006
series_range: 2003-2011
issue_year: 2006
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2011
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
issuer: National Bank of Serbia
issuer_native: Народна Банка Србије
signatures: Governor: Radovan Jelašić
printer: Topimex (Goznak)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x67
watermark: Portrait of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,watermark,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4af37,#f5deb3,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Vuk Stefanović Karadžić
reverse_subject: Serbian coat of arms
themes: writer,statesman,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 54a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic, Latin
languages: sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:56
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:56
front_description:
  Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (1787–1864), Serbian philologist, linguist, and major reformer of the Serbian language. He standardized modern Serbian Cyrillic orthography, collected epic folk poetry, compiled the first Serbian dictionary, and is considered the father of Serbian literature and language reform; his work laid the foundation for modern Serbian literary culture.

back_description:
  Serbian coat of arms featuring the double-headed white eagle and the Serbian cross with four Cyrillic 'S' letters (representing 'Samo Sloga Srbina Spašava' – 'Only Unity Saves the Serbs'). The coat of arms has been a symbol of Serbian statehood since medieval times and was restored after independence.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2003-2011 issue series of Serbian dinars, introduced after the dissolution of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2006, when Serbia became fully independent. The series replaced earlier Federal Republic of Yugoslavia notes and featured prominent Serbian cultural and scientific figures. The 10 dinar denomination was relatively low-value and commonly circulated. This series was gradually replaced starting in 2011 with updated designs featuring enhanced security features.


country: Hungary
currency: HUF
denomination: 10
series_name: Forint series 1975
series_year: 1975
series_range: 1975-1989
issue_year: 1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Magyar Nemzeti Bank
issuer_native: MAGYAR NEMZETI BANK
printer: Állami Nyomda
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x65
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #4a5d3a,#f5e6d3,#2d3d2d
portrait_subject: Sándor Petőfi
reverse_subject: Pastoral scene with shepherds and tree
themes: writer,indigenous_culture,agriculture
pick_number: P-169
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hu
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:56
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:56
front_description:
  Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), Hungary's national poet and revolutionary hero. A key figure in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 against Habsburg rule, Petőfi is celebrated as one of the greatest lyric poets of Hungarian literature. He disappeared in the Battle of Segesvár and is presumed to have died during the conflict. His poetry, particularly 'Nemzeti dal' (National Song), became anthems of Hungarian freedom and identity.

back_description:
  Pastoral scene depicting Hungarian shepherds resting beneath a large spreading tree by the riverside. This bucolic imagery represents traditional Hungarian rural life and agricultural heritage of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). The composition evokes the pastoral themes common in Petőfi's poetry, connecting the revolutionary poet on the front to the Hungarian countryside he celebrated in his verse.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1975 forint series issued by Magyar Nemzeti Bank during the socialist period of the Hungarian People's Republic. The series was issued on October 28, 1975, as indicated by the date on the note. These banknotes circulated through the final years of communist Hungary and into the early post-transition period, being withdrawn in the early 1990s as newer security features became necessary. The choice of Petőfi as the portrait subject reflects his enduring status as a national symbol transcending political systems.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 2
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 2005
series_range: 1999–present
issue_year: 2005
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Lev (1962–1999)
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
signatures: Governor: Управител (signature illegible); Chief Cashier: Главен касиер (signature illegible)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 147x70
watermark: Portrait of Paisius of Hilendar in clear field at right
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, raised_print
color_palette: #8b6f8b,#d4b896,#7a5a6e
portrait_subject: Paisius of Hilendar
reverse_subject: Madara Rider
themes: religion, writer, indigenous_culture, archaeology, commemorative
pick_number: P-115
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:22:58
front_description:
  Paisius of Hilendar (1722–1798), Bulgarian Orthodox monk and key figure of the Bulgarian National Revival. Author of 'Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya' (Slavonic-Bulgarian History, 1762), which awakened Bulgarian national consciousness during Ottoman rule; he is revered as the founder of modern Bulgarian historiography. The note displays his portrait alongside an excerpt from his seminal manuscript, with the national coat of arms below center.

back_description:
  The Madara Rider, an eighth-century rock relief carved into a cliff near Shumen, Bulgaria. A UNESCO World Heritage Site and symbol of the First Bulgarian Empire, the relief depicts a mounted horseman trampling a lion, with an eagle and dog accompanying; it is one of the most important monuments of medieval Europe and represents Bulgarian sovereignty and military prowess during the reign of Khan Tervel.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the fourth series of the Bulgarian lev, introduced in 1999 following the 1997 hyperinflation crisis and currency board arrangement pegging the lev to the Deutsche Mark (later the euro at 1.95583 BGN = 1 EUR). The 2005 emission represents the standard issue of this series. Paisius and the Madara Rider were deliberately chosen to symbolize spiritual and national identity respectively, anchoring modern Bulgaria to its medieval and revival-era heritage.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 10
series_name: Issue of 1974
series_year: 1974
series_range: 1974-1989
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999
predecessor_currency: Lev (1962 series)
successor_currency: New Lev
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x73
watermark: Portrait in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#d2691e
portrait_subject: Georgi Dimitrov
reverse_subject: Agricultural scene with tractor plowing
themes: statesman,agriculture,industry,communism
pick_number: P-96a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:18
front_description:
  Agricultural scene depicting a tractor plowing fields, representing Bulgaria's collectivized farming during the socialist period. The front displays the Bulgarian text 'Българска народна банка' (Bulgarian National Bank) and 'Десет лева' (Ten leva), with ornate guilloché patterns and the denomination '10' in decorative frames at the corners.

back_description:
  Georgi Dimitrov (1882–1949), Bulgarian communist leader who served as General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party and Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1946 until his death. He was previously Secretary General of the Comintern from 1935 to 1943 and is considered the founder of communist Bulgaria. The back also features the Bulgarian coat of arms (the 1948 People's Republic emblem with lion, wheat, and red star) at center right, with the text 'Народна република България' (People's Republic of Bulgaria).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1974 series of Bulgarian leva, issued during the socialist period under the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990). The series emphasized agricultural and industrial themes reflecting the planned economy. The Dimitrov portrait honored the founding figure of communist Bulgaria who died in 1949. These notes were withdrawn and demonetized with Bulgaria's 1999 currency reform (denomination revaluation at 1000:1) following the transition to democracy and market economy in the 1990s.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 2
series_name: 1999 Series
series_year: 2005
series_range: 1999–present
issue_year: 2005
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска Народна Банка
signatures: Управител: Ivan Iskrov; Главен Касиер: Tsvetan Gunev
printer: Bulgarian National Bank Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 121x64
watermark: Portrait of Paisius of Hilendar in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,hologram
color_palette: #9b8aa0,#d4c8d6,#5c4d5e
portrait_subject: Paisius of Hilendar
reverse_subject: Bulgarian heraldic lion and manuscript pages from Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya
themes: writer,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-117b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:26
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:26
front_description:
  Paisius of Hilendar (1722–1773), Bulgarian monk and National Revival figure, author of 'Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya' (Slavonic-Bulgarian History), the foundational work of Bulgarian national consciousness written in 1762. The note shows his portrait alongside an image of the Hilendar Monastery on Mount Athos where he lived and worked, and reproductions of his manuscript. The dates 1722-1773 and his name in Cyrillic 'Паисий Хилендарски' appear beside the portrait.

back_description:
  The Bulgarian heraldic lion, a crowned lion rampant which has been the symbol of Bulgarian statehood since the Second Bulgarian Empire. The background features pages from Paisius's manuscript 'Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya', showing his original handwriting. This work urged Bulgarians to know their history and language during Ottoman rule, becoming a catalyst for the Bulgarian National Revival.

historical_notes:
  This 2 leva note is part of the 1999 series of Bulgarian banknotes introduced after the currency board arrangement was established in 1997, pegging the lev to the Deutsche Mark (later the euro). Paisius of Hilendar was chosen for the 2 leva denomination to honour his role as the spiritual father of Bulgarian nationalism. His manuscript was copied and distributed throughout Bulgarian lands, awakening national consciousness that eventually led to Bulgarian independence in 1878.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 50
series_name: Third lev series
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999-07-05
predecessor_currency: Second lev
successor_currency: Fourth lev
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
signatures: Upravitel: Ga. Yusnier
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Portrait of Hristo Smirnenski in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #b08090,#e8d8c8,#4a3040
portrait_subject: Hristo Smirnenski
reverse_subject: Traditional weaving loom
themes: writer,industry,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 102
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:55
front_description:
  Hristo Smirnenski (1898–1923), Bulgarian poet, prose writer and journalist who was a major figure of the interwar literary avant-garde. Known for his expressionist poetry and social criticism, Smirnenski died of tuberculosis at age 25; his works addressed themes of social injustice and became influential in Bulgarian literature. The note features his portrait at center with dates 1898–1923, alongside decorative folk motifs.

back_description:
  Traditional Bulgarian wooden weaving loom (станче), representing the country's rich textile heritage and folk crafts. The loom symbolizes Bulgaria's agricultural and artisan traditions, particularly the production of hand-woven textiles that have been central to village life for centuries. Multicolored decorative patterns appear in the background, evoking traditional Bulgarian embroidery and textile designs.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the third lev series, issued by the Bulgarian National Bank in 1992 following the democratic transition after 1989. The series replaced the second lev series and circulated during a period of economic turbulence and hyperinflation in Bulgaria. It was superseded in 1999 when the fourth lev was introduced at a rate of 1,000:1 due to severe currency devaluation. The denomination of 50 leva was modest but represented meaningful value in the early 1990s post-communist economy. Smirnenski's inclusion reflected the new regime's embrace of cultural figures rather than exclusively political leaders.


country: Bulgaria
currency: Lev
denomination: 25
series_name: Issue of 1951
series_year: 1951
series_range: 1951–1962
issue_year: 1951
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1962
predecessor_currency: Lev (Issue of 1947)
successor_currency: Lev (Issue of 1962)
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска Народна Банка
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 143x75
security_features: guilloche_patterns,intaglio
color_palette: #8b8b83,#d4af37,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Georgi Dimitrov
reverse_subject: Railway workers laying track
themes: statesman,industry,transport,commemorative
pick_number: P-85
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:55
front_description:
  Georgi Dimitrov (1882–1949), Bulgarian communist leader who served as General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party and first communist Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1946 until his death in 1949. A leading figure in the Comintern and hero of the Reichstag Fire Trial, Dimitrov is honored on this note as the founder of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The state coat of arms of the People's Republic of Bulgaria appears at center, featuring the rampant lion within a wreath of wheat, topped by a red star, with the inscription '9 September 1944' (the date of the communist coup).

back_description:
  Railway workers laying track in a tunnel, representing socialist industrial development and the modernization of Bulgaria's transportation infrastructure under communist rule. The scene depicts laborers engaged in railway construction, symbolizing the emphasis on heavy industry and workers' contributions to building socialism during the 1950s industrialization campaigns.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Issue of 1951, the first major banknote series of communist Bulgaria following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1946. Issued during the Stalinist era under Dimitrov's successor Vulko Chervenkov, this series reflected the personality cult around Dimitrov and the emphasis on socialist industrialization. The 1951 series remained in circulation until the currency reform of 1962, when it was replaced at a ratio of 10:1 old to new leva. The series is notable for its socialist realist imagery and extensive use of labor and industrial themes.


country: Serbia
currency: Dinar
denomination: 50
series_name: German occupation series
series_year: 1942
series_range: 1941–1944
issue_year: 1942
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1944
predecessor_currency: Serbian dinar
successor_currency: Yugoslav dinar
issuer: Srpska Narodna Banka
issuer_native: Српска Народна Банка
signatures: Governor: Ljubo Jovanović
material: paper
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4a574,#2b1810
portrait_subject: Peter II of Yugoslavia
reverse_subject: Serbian cross with four firesteels (ocila)
themes: monarch,commemorative
pick_number: 27a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: sr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:15:01
front_description:
  Peter II of Yugoslavia (1923–1970), the last King of Yugoslavia who reigned from 1934 to 1945. He was overthrown as a minor in 1941 when the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia, spending the war years in exile. This note was issued by the collaborationist Serbian puppet government under German occupation during World War II, using the young king's image despite his exile and opposition to the occupation.

back_description:
  The Serbian cross (tetragrammic cross) with four firesteels (ocila or огњила), a traditional Serbian heraldic symbol dating to medieval times. The cross and firesteels are the traditional coat of arms of Serbia, representing the four letters 'C' (Cyrillic 'S') meaning 'Само Слога Србина Спасава' ('Only Unity Saves the Serbs'). This symbol has been used on Serbian banknotes and official emblems throughout various historical periods.

historical_notes:
  This 50 dinar note was issued by the Srpska Narodna Banka (Serbian National Bank) on May 1, 1942, during the German occupation of Serbia in World War II. The note is dated 'BEOGRAD, 1 MAJ 1942' (Belgrade, May 1, 1942). Despite featuring King Peter II, who was in exile and led the Yugoslav government-in-exile opposing the Axis, the note was issued by the collaborationist administration under German control. This series (1941–1944) represents a complex period where occupation authorities maintained some Serbian national symbols while controlling the puppet government of Milan Nedić. The currency was replaced after liberation in 1944.


country: Soviet Union
currency: Soviet Ruble
denomination: 100
series_name: State Bank of the USSR Issue of 1961
series_year: 1961
series_range: 1961–1991
issue_year: 1961
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Soviet Ruble (1947 series)
successor_currency: Russian Ruble
issuer: State Bank of the USSR
issuer_native: Государственного Банка СССР
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x65
watermark: Hammer and sickle with star in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Vladimir Lenin
reverse_subject: Kremlin Spasskaya Tower
themes: statesman,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: P-235a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ru,be,uz,kk,ka,az,lt,lv,et,mo,ky,tg,hy,tk,uk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:23:58
front_description:
  The Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the most iconic of the Kremlin towers, built in 1491 by Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari and crowned with its distinctive star in Soviet times. The tower houses the famous Kremlin chimes and serves as the main ceremonial entrance to the Kremlin; it became a symbol of Soviet state power and appears on numerous Soviet banknotes and stamps. Text in multiple languages of Soviet republics confirms the multinational character of the USSR.

back_description:
  Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870–1924), founder of the Soviet state and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Lenin served as head of the Soviet government from 1917 until his death and remains the most frequently depicted figure in Soviet numismatics. The State Emblem of the USSR with hammer, sickle, and red star surrounded by wheat sheaves appears at center, representing the unity of Soviet republics.

historical_notes:
  State Bank of the USSR Issue of 1961, part of the currency reform that replaced the 1947 series at a ratio of 10:1 (old rubles to new rubles). This reform was implemented to combat inflation and black market activity following post-war reconstruction. The 1961 series remained in circulation until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, when it was replaced by Russian Federation currency. The 100-ruble note was among the highest denominations in regular circulation during the Soviet period and featured consistent iconography across all denominations: Lenin on the reverse and Soviet architectural landmarks on the obverse. Multilingual text reflected the fifteen Soviet republics. Printed by Goznak (Гознак), the state security printing works.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 200
series_name: Lev series 1992
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992–1999
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999-07-05
predecessor_currency: Lev (1962)
successor_currency: New Lev
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: БЪЛГАРСКА НАРОДНА БАНКА
signatures: Управител: [signature present]; Гл. касиер: [signature present]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x70
watermark: Stylized cross emblem in clear field at center
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f47,#a0826d,#5c3a2e
portrait_subject: Ivan Vazov
reverse_subject: Bulgarian lyre
themes: writer,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-104
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:28
front_description:
  Bulgarian lyre (древна лира), a traditional ancient musical instrument consisting of a stringed frame with decorative wheat sheaf wreath and ornamental stand. The lyre is a symbol of Bulgarian cultural heritage and appears prominently on the front of this 1992 series note. The decorative elements reflect traditional Bulgarian folk art motifs and the nation's classical heritage.

back_description:
  Ivan Vazov (1850–1921), Bulgaria's most celebrated poet and writer, known as the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature. Author of the seminal novel 'Under the Yoke' (Под игото) depicting life under Ottoman rule during the April Uprising of 1876. Behind his portrait is a view of old Plovdiv architecture, reflecting the historical Bulgarian urban landscape. Vazov's works defined Bulgarian national identity during and after liberation from Ottoman rule.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Lev series issued in 1992 following the collapse of communism and Bulgaria's transition to democracy and market economy. The 200 leva denomination was part of the third lev (BGN) which circulated from 1962 to 1999. Due to severe inflation in the 1990s, this currency was replaced by the New Lev in 1999 at a rate of 1000:1. The note features Ivan Vazov, whose literary works celebrating Bulgarian national spirit made him the natural choice to appear on post-communist currency. The traditional lyre symbolizes Bulgaria's ancient Thracian heritage.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 20
series_name: First Lev series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1999
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999-07-05
successor_currency: New Lev (redenomination)
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
signatures: Управител: [illegible]; Гл. касиер: [illegible]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d8bfd8,#87ceeb,#f0e68c
portrait_subject: Tsaritsa Desislava
reverse_subject: Boyana Church
themes: monarch,architecture,religion,medieval_history
pick_number: P-100
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:55
front_description:
  Boyana Church, a medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church located on the outskirts of Sofia. Built in the late 10th century and expanded in the 13th century, it is renowned for its frescoes from 1259 and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The church represents one of the most significant monuments of medieval Bulgarian art and architecture.

back_description:
  Tsaritsa Desislava (Desislava of Bulgaria), wife of Tsar Ivan Asen II who ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire from 1218 to 1241. The portrait is based on the 13th-century fresco from Boyana Church showing the royal couple. She represents the cultural and artistic flourishing of medieval Bulgaria during its Second Empire. The reverse also features decorative elements from medieval Bulgarian art.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the First Lev series issued by the Bulgarian National Bank in 1991 following the collapse of communist rule and Bulgaria's transition to democracy. Printed in 1991, it circulated during a period of significant economic transformation and hyperinflation. The series was replaced in 1999 when Bulgaria redenominated its currency at a rate of 1,000:1 old leva to new leva due to severe inflation. The 20 leva denomination features medieval Bulgarian history, specifically imagery from the Boyana Church, emphasizing national heritage and cultural continuity.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 5
series_name: Issue of 1974
series_year: 1974
series_range: 1974–1991
issue_year: 1974
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1991
predecessor_currency: Bulgarian Lev (1962 issue)
successor_currency: New Bulgarian Lev
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x73
watermark: Star symbol at center
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of People's Republic of Bulgaria
themes: statesman,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 95
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:57
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:15:10
front_description:
  Panoramic view of an urban/industrial center showing modern apartment buildings and factories in socialist Bulgaria. The cityscape represents the industrialization and urban development promoted during the communist era of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990), emphasizing economic progress and socialist construction. The note features characteristic socialist design motifs including hammer and sickle symbols and ornate decorative borders typical of Eastern Bloc currency design in this period.

back_description:
  Coat of arms of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990), featuring the lion rampant within a wreath of wheat, topped with a red star, symbolizing communist rule. The emblem was adopted in 1948 and used until the fall of communism in 1989. The arms represent the agricultural and socialist character of the state during the period when Bulgaria was aligned with the Soviet Union and part of the Warsaw Pact.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Issue of 1974 series issued by the Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) during the socialist period of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The series remained in circulation until 1991, when Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and introduced currency reforms following the collapse of communism. The 5 leva denomination was a standard working-class note during this period. The design reflects socialist aesthetic principles with industrial imagery and state symbols. These notes were printed by Goznak in the Soviet Union, as was common for Eastern Bloc currencies during the Cold War era.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 1
series_name: Issue of 1974
series_year: 1974
series_range: 1974–1989
issue_year: 1974
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1999-07-05
successor_currency: New Lev (1999 redenomination)
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска народна банка
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 104x60
watermark: Numeral 1 in ornate design
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b7355,#f5deb3
reverse_subject: Madara Rider
themes: architecture,commemorative,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-93a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:57
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:57
front_description:
  State coat of arms of the People's Republic of Bulgaria featuring a lion rampant within a wreath of wheat, topped by a red star, dated 1944 at the base. This emblem was adopted after the communist government came to power in September 1944 and symbolizes socialist Bulgaria. The denomination is rendered prominently in both numerals and Cyrillic text ('Един Лев', meaning 'One Lev').

back_description:
  The Madara Rider, an early medieval rock relief carved into the Madara Plateau in northeastern Bulgaria circa 710 CE, depicting a horseman spearing a lion. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of Bulgaria's most significant historical monuments, created during the First Bulgarian Empire under Khan Tervel. The relief has become a national symbol representing Bulgarian state power and continuity from antiquity through the medieval period.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the socialist-era currency series issued by the Bulgarian National Bank during the communist period (1946–1989). The 1974 series featured socialist state emblems and national historical monuments, reflecting both ideological messaging and cultural heritage. The lev remained Bulgaria's currency throughout the communist period and continues today, though the 1974 series was withdrawn and replaced following democratic reforms. These notes were demonetized in 1999 during a currency redenomination that introduced the 'new lev' at a rate of 1000:1.


country: Bulgaria
currency: BGN
denomination: 200
series_name: Issue of 1951
series_year: 1951
series_range: 1951-1952
issue_year: 1951
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1962
predecessor_currency: Lev (1945)
successor_currency: Lev (1962)
issuer: Bulgarian National Bank
issuer_native: Българска Народна Банка
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 175x90
security_features: guilloche,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b9da8,#e6d8b8
portrait_subject: Georgi Dimitrov
reverse_subject: Agricultural harvest scene
themes: statesman,agriculture,communist_era
pick_number: P-87
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: bg
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:24:58
front_description:
  Georgi Dimitrov (1882–1949), Bulgarian communist leader who served as General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party and Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1946 until his death. Previously General Secretary of the Communist International (Comintern) from 1935 to 1943, he is honoured on this note as the founder of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The note features the state emblem of the People's Republic of Bulgaria with the characteristic lion rampant within a wreath, topped by a red star, alongside ornate guilloche patterns and denomination in Cyrillic 'ДВЕСТА ЛЕВА' (200 leva).

back_description:
  Agricultural harvest scene depicting a Bulgarian woman gathering wheat sheaves, with baskets of grain and mountains in the background. This imagery represents the socialist emphasis on agricultural collectivization and productivity during the early years of the People's Republic. The denomination appears as 'ДВЕСТА ЛЕВА' (200 leva) with the inscription 'Българска Народна Банка' (Bulgarian National Bank) above.

historical_notes:
  The 1951 series was issued during the early period of communist rule in Bulgaria under Georgi Dimitrov and his successors. These notes featured prominent communist leaders and themes glorifying agricultural and industrial labor. The lev underwent currency reforms in 1952 and 1962, with this issue being replaced during the 1962 reform at a rate of 10:1. Notes from this series are relatively scarce today as most were withdrawn and destroyed during the currency reform.


country: Cambodia
currency: Riel
denomination: 100
series_name: First series
series_range: 1955-1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: French Indochinese piastre
successor_currency: Riel (reintroduced 1980)
issuer: Banque Nationale du Cambodge
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិកម្ពុជា
printer: Giesecke & Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x82
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4af37,#4a4a4a
reverse_subject: Bayon temple
themes: architecture,agriculture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-13
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Khmer script, Latin script
languages: km,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:40
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:40
front_description:
  Agricultural scene depicting Cambodian rice farmers planting in flooded paddy fields, representing the country's primary economic activity and rural life. The vignette shows multiple workers engaged in traditional rice cultivation methods that have sustained Khmer civilization for centuries. The note features ornate guilloche patterns with three circular vignettes and text in both Khmer script and French identifying the issuing authority.

back_description:
  The Bayon temple at Angkor Thom, a late 12th-century Buddhist temple built by King Jayavarman VII as the state temple of the Khmer Empire. Famous for its 54 towers decorated with 216 serene stone faces, the Bayon represents the peak of classical Khmer architecture and is one of Cambodia's most iconic monuments. The temple appears on numerous Cambodian banknotes as a symbol of national heritage.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of riel issued by the Banque Nationale du Cambodge after Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953. The riel was introduced in 1955 to replace the Indochinese piastre at par. This series circulated through the Kingdom of Cambodia period under King Norodom Sihanouk and the Khmer Republic period. All currency was abolished by the Khmer Rouge in 1975, and notes of this series were demonetized. The riel was not reintroduced until 1980. These notes were printed by Giesecke & Devrient in Munich, as indicated by the printer's imprint on the back.


country: Cambodia
currency: Riel
denomination: 100
series_name: State of Cambodia series
series_range: 1972–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Cambodian Riel (pre-1970)
successor_currency: Riel (reintroduced 1980)
issuer: Banque Nationale du Cambodge
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិកម្ពុជា
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x75
watermark: Head of Bayon temple face at left
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4789,#d4a5a5,#5a5a6e
portrait_subject: Traditional Cambodian silk weaver
reverse_subject: Bayon temple at Angkor Thom
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture,agriculture
pick_number: P-13
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer script, Latin script
languages: km,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:40
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:15:24
front_description:
  Traditional Cambodian silk weaver at a loom, representing the country's important textile industry and artisan culture. The woman is depicted working with a traditional wooden floor loom, weaving silk fabric using techniques that have been practiced in Cambodia for centuries. This design celebrates the role of women in preserving traditional crafts and Cambodia's reputation for fine silk production.

back_description:
  Bayon temple at Angkor Thom, the state temple of Mahayana Buddhist King Jayavarman VII, built in the late 12th century as the architectural centerpiece of his capital city. The temple is famous for its distinctive towers adorned with massive stone faces, with the central tower depicted prominently. Angkor Thom was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer Empire, and Bayon represents the height of Khmer architectural achievement.

historical_notes:
  This note is from the State of Cambodia series issued by the Banque Nationale du Cambodge during the Khmer Republic period (1970–1975). The currency was demonetized when the Khmer Rouge took power in April 1975 and abolished money entirely, destroying the banking system and burning currency in the streets. The riel was not reintroduced until 1980 after the fall of the Khmer Rouge. These notes are historically significant as they represent the last currency of Cambodia before the genocidal regime's radical social restructuring.


country: Burundi
currency: BIF
denomination: 100
series_name: 2011 series
series_year: 2011
series_range: 2011–present
issue_year: 2011
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2015
issuer: Banque de la République du Burundi
issuer_native: Ibanki ya Republika y'Uburundi
signatures: Le 2ème Vice-Gouverneur: [signature]; Le Gouverneur: [signature]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Portrait of Prince Louis Rwagasore in clear field at right
security_features: microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d8b4d8,#f5f5dc,#8b4789
portrait_subject: Prince Louis Rwagasore
reverse_subject: Traditional Burundian house construction scene
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: 44a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,rn
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:41
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:41
front_description:
  Prince Louis Rwagasore (1932–1961), Burundian nationalist leader, Prime Minister, and national hero who led Burundi's independence movement. Son of King Mwambutsa IV, he founded the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) party and was assassinated shortly after leading his party to victory in legislative elections, just weeks before Burundi's independence from Belgian administration. He is widely honoured as the father of Burundian independence and appears on multiple denominations of Burundian currency.

back_description:
  Traditional Burundian house construction scene depicting the building of a traditional dwelling with characteristic brick walls and thatched roof. The scene shows several figures engaged in construction work, representing Burundi's indigenous architectural traditions and communal building practices. The landscape includes palm trees and hills characteristic of Burundi's terrain, with the national motto 'UBUMWE-IBIKORWA-AMAJAMBERE' (Unity-Work-Progress) appearing in a circular seal at left.

historical_notes:
  This 100 Francs note belongs to the 2011 series issued by the Banque de la République du Burundi, dated 01-09-2011. The series continued Burundi's tradition of featuring Prince Louis Rwagasore, the country's independence hero, on its currency. The note displays text in both French and Kirundi, Burundi's two official languages. This series was eventually replaced by newer issues in 2015. The reverse emphasizes traditional Burundian culture and the value of communal work in nation-building.


country: Cambodia
currency: Riel
denomination: 50
series_name: First Riel series
series_range: 1956–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Indochinese piastre
successor_currency: Second Riel (1980)
issuer: Banque Nationale du Cambodge
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x82
watermark: Buddha head profile in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #9b88c4,#d4a574,#f5f5dc
reverse_subject: Traditional Cambodian fishing boats
themes: architecture,transport,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-7d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer script and Latin alphabet
languages: km,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:41
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:33:41
front_description:
  Angkor Wat, the 12th-century temple complex near Siem Reap built by Khmer King Suryavarman II, the largest religious monument in the world and Cambodia's most iconic national symbol. The temple appears as a masterpiece of classical Khmer architecture with its distinctive five towers representing Mount Meru, home of the gods in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology. This image has appeared on nearly every series of Cambodian currency since independence, symbolizing national pride and cultural heritage.

back_description:
  Traditional Cambodian fishing boats on the Tonlé Sap or Mekong River, depicting the daily life and subsistence economy of rural Cambodia. The scene shows fishermen in their characteristic long wooden boats with nets, reflecting the central importance of fishing to Cambodian society and the riverine culture that has sustained the Khmer people for millennia. The Tonlé Sap lake and river system is one of the most productive freshwater fisheries in the world.

historical_notes:
  First Riel series issued by the Banque Nationale du Cambodge following independence from France in 1953, replacing the Indochinese piastre at par. The riel circulated from 1956 through the Khmer Republic period until 1975, when the Khmer Rouge regime abolished money entirely. This 50 riels note represents the middle denominations of the series. The currency was reintroduced in 1980 after the fall of the Khmer Rouge. Notes from this series are widely collected as they represent Cambodia's first national currency and the pre-war period.


country: Cambodia
currency: Riel
denomination: 1
series_name: First series
series_range: 1955–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Indochinese piastre
successor_currency: Second riel
issuer: National Bank of Cambodia
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា
signatures: Governor: Unknown; Minister of Economy: Unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Unknown
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#f5f5dc,#2f4f2f
reverse_subject: Royal Palace in Phnom Penh
themes: architecture,monarchy
pick_number: 1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer, French, Roman numerals
languages: km,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:02
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:15:34
front_description:
  Agricultural scene depicting farmers planting rice in flooded paddy fields, representing Cambodia's traditional agricultural economy and the centrality of rice cultivation to Cambodian culture and livelihood. This imagery was chosen to emphasize the rural character and agrarian foundation of the newly independent Kingdom of Cambodia in the 1950s.

back_description:
  The Royal Palace in Phnom Penh (Chan Chaya Pavilion), the official residence of the King of Cambodia since its construction in the 1860s under King Norodom. The palace complex serves as a symbol of the Cambodian monarchy and nation, combining traditional Khmer architecture with French colonial influences; it remains the preeminent symbol of Cambodian sovereignty and royal authority.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of the Cambodian riel, introduced in 1955 following Cambodia's independence from France in 1953. The riel replaced the Indochinese piastre at par. This series circulated during the Kingdom of Cambodia period under King Norodom Sihanouk until 1975, when the Khmer Rouge abolished money entirely. The currency was demonetized and destroyed during the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), making these notes historical artifacts of pre-revolutionary Cambodia. A second riel was introduced in 1980 following the fall of the Khmer Rouge.


country: Cambodia
currency: KHR
denomination: 200
series_name: 2022 series
series_year: 2022
series_range: 2022–present
issue_year: 2022
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
legal_status_date: 2022
issuer: National Bank of Cambodia
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា
material: polymer
dimensions_mm: 136x65
security_features: hologram,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink,microprint
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#f5deb3,#4682b4
portrait_subject: King Norodom Sihamoni
reverse_subject: Royal Palace throne hall and classical Apsara dancer statue
themes: monarch,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: New
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer script and Latin script
languages: km,en
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:30
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:30
front_description:
  King Norodom Sihamoni (born 1953), current monarch of Cambodia who ascended to the throne in 2004 following the abdication of his father King Norodom Sihanouk. The portrait shows him in traditional royal attire. To the left appears a Buddha head from Angkor-era sculpture, symbolizing Cambodia's rich Khmer heritage. King Sihamoni is honored on modern Cambodian banknotes as the constitutional head of state.

back_description:
  The Royal Palace throne hall in Phnom Penh, the official residence of the King of Cambodia and one of the nation's most important architectural landmarks, built in traditional Khmer style with characteristic tiered roofs and spire. To the right stands a classical Apsara dancer statue, representing the celestial dancers of Khmer mythology and culture immortalized in the bas-reliefs of Angkor Wat. These motifs celebrate Cambodia's royal heritage and classical artistic traditions.

historical_notes:
  This 200 riels note is part of Cambodia's 2022 polymer banknote series issued by the National Bank of Cambodia. The series represents a modernization of Cambodia's currency with enhanced security features including polymer substrate, replacing earlier paper notes. The denomination of 200 riels is a standard mid-value note in Cambodia's monetary system. The design emphasizes national identity through royal symbolism, Khmer architectural heritage, and classical dance traditions that trace back to the Angkorian period.


country: Cambodia
currency: KHR
denomination: 100
series_name: 2014 series
series_year: 2014
series_range: 2014–present
issue_year: 2014
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: National Bank of Cambodia
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x65
watermark: Portrait of King Norodom Sihamoni in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b6f47,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: King Norodom Sihamoni
reverse_subject: Preah Vihear Temple
themes: monarch,architecture,religion
pick_number: 65
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer script (Cambodian)
languages: km,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:32
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:32
front_description:
  King Norodom Sihamoni (born 1953), the current monarch of Cambodia who ascended to the throne in 2004 following the abdication of his father King Norodom Sihanouk. He is portrayed at right wearing traditional Khmer royal attire. At left is a traditional Khmer lion statue (singha), a guardian figure commonly found at Cambodian temples and palaces, representing protection and royal authority. The note bears Khmer script throughout and displays the royal emblem.

back_description:
  Preah Vihear Temple, an ancient Khmer temple situated atop a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains on the border between Cambodia and Thailand. Built primarily during the reigns of Khmer kings Suryavarman I (1006–1050) and Suryavarman II (1113–1150), this Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Cambodian national pride. At right is a seated Buddha statue, representing Cambodia's dominant Buddhist faith and the synthesis of Hindu and Buddhist traditions in Khmer culture.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2014 series of Cambodian riel issued by the National Bank of Cambodia, continuing the modern riel currency that was reintroduced in 1980 after the devastating Khmer Rouge period. The 100 riel denomination is one of the lower values in circulation. The series honors King Norodom Sihamoni, who has reigned since 2004, and features important cultural and religious sites reflecting Cambodia's Khmer heritage. The riel circulates alongside the US dollar in Cambodia's dual-currency economy.


country: Cambodia
currency: KHR
denomination: 500
series_name: 2014 series
series_year: 2014
series_range: 2014–present
issue_year: 2014
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: National Bank of Cambodia
issuer_native: ធនាគារជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Portrait of King Norodom Sihamoni in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4a4a,#f5e5e5
portrait_subject: King Norodom Sihamoni
reverse_subject: Kizuna Bridge
themes: monarch,architecture,transport
pick_number: P-65
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Khmer
languages: km,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:33
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:33
front_description:
  King Norodom Sihamoni (born 1953), current King of Cambodia since 2004. He succeeded his father King Norodom Sihanouk and is depicted in profile on the right side of the note. The Royal Arms of Cambodia appears at center left, featuring the royal crown above a shield with traditional Khmer motifs. The denomination 500 riels is displayed prominently in Khmer numerals and script.

back_description:
  Kizuna Bridge (Neak Loeung Bridge) spanning the Mekong River in Kandal Province, Cambodia. This cable-stayed bridge was constructed with Japanese aid and opened in 2015, replacing the old ferry crossing. The scene shows modern traffic including cars crossing the bridge, with the distinctive tower and cable structure prominent. The Independence Monument silhouette appears at right, and palm trees line the roadway, representing Cambodia's modern infrastructure development.

historical_notes:
  The 2014 series of Cambodian riels introduced updated security features and modernized designs while retaining King Norodom Sihamoni's portrait on all denominations. This 500 riel note reflects Cambodia's post-conflict economic recovery and infrastructure modernization, with the Kizuna Bridge symbolizing international cooperation and development. The riel was reintroduced in 1980 after being abolished by the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), and has circulated alongside the US dollar in Cambodia's dual-currency economy. The National Bank of Cambodia continues to issue these notes as legal tender.


country: Canada
currency: CAD
denomination: 1 Dollar
series_name: Centennial Series
series_year: 1967
series_range: 1967–1967
issue_year: 1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1989
predecessor_currency: Canadian Dollar
successor_currency: Canadian Dollar
issuer: Bank of Canada
issuer_native: Banque du Canada
signatures: Deputy Governor: J.R. Beattie; Governor: L. Rasminsky
printer: British American Bank Note Company and Canadian Bank Note Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x70
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#2f4f4f,#f5f5dc
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Original Parliament Buildings (Centre Block and East Block)
themes: monarch,commemorative,architecture
commemorative_occasion: Centennial of Canadian Confederation (1867-1967)
pick_number: P-84a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en,fr
value_currency: CAD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:33
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:15:46
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022), depicted in a youthful portrait as she appeared in the 1950s-60s. This commemorative note was issued to mark the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation in 1867, with the dates '1867 1967' prominently displayed in red at the top. The centennial symbol, a stylized maple leaf composed of 11 triangles representing all Canadian provinces and territories, appears at left center. This was a special one-year issue replacing the regular 1954 'Devil's Face' and modified portrait series for the centennial year only.

back_description:
  The original Parliament Buildings in Ottawa, specifically depicting the Centre Block and East Block as they appeared before the 1916 fire that destroyed the Centre Block. The inscription reads 'CANADA'S FIRST PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS / LE PREMIER ÉDIFICE PARLEMENTAIRE DU CANADA.' This Victorian Gothic Revival structure, designed by Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones, was completed in 1866 and served as the seat of the new Canadian federal government from Confederation in 1867 until the fire. The current Centre Block with its Peace Tower was rebuilt between 1916 and 1927.

historical_notes:
  The 1967 Centennial Series was a special commemorative issue released exclusively in 1967 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation. All denominations from $1 to $1000 featured the centennial dates and special reverse designs depicting significant moments or places in Canadian history. The $1 note shows the original Parliament Buildings to honour the birthplace of Canadian federal democracy. These notes were printed by both the British American Bank Note Company and the Canadian Bank Note Company. The series was withdrawn in favor of the 1969-75 'Scenes of Canada' series, and the $1 note was eventually replaced by the 'Loonie' coin in 1987-89. The Centennial $1 is one of the most collected Canadian notes due to its historical significance and attractive design.


country: Canada
currency: CAD
denomination: 1
series_name: Centennial Series
series_year: 1967
series_range: 1967–1967
issue_year: 1967
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1989
issuer: Bank of Canada
issuer_native: Banque du Canada
signatures: Deputy Governor: R.B. Beattie; Governor: L. Rasminsky
printer: Canadian Bank Note Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 152x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#2f4f2f,#f5f5dc
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Centre Block of Parliament
themes: monarch,architecture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Centennial of Canadian Confederation (1867–1967)
pick_number: 84a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en,fr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:52
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:34:52
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022), Queen of Canada from 1952 to 2022. This commemorative note was issued for the centennial of Canadian Confederation, marking 100 years since the British North America Act of 1867 united the provinces into the Dominion of Canada. The dates '1867 1967' appear prominently, along with a stylized centennial symbol consisting of triangles arranged in a maple leaf pattern.

back_description:
  The original Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa, as it appeared before the 1916 fire. Completed in 1866, this Gothic Revival structure housed Canada's first federal parliament when Confederation was achieved in 1867. The building depicted here was destroyed by fire on February 3, 1916; only the Library of Parliament survived. The current Centre Block, with its iconic Peace Tower, was completed in 1927.

historical_notes:
  This is part of the 1967 Centennial Series issued exclusively to commemorate Canada's 100th anniversary of Confederation. All denominations in this special series featured the dates '1867 1967' and the distinctive centennial emblem. The $1 note was particularly significant as it paired the reigning monarch with the historic parliament building where Confederation took shape. These notes were printed throughout 1967 and circulated alongside the regular 1954 'Devil's Face' and modified portrait series. The centennial series was withdrawn after 1967, making it a single-year issue. All signatures on this series are those of Bank of Canada Governor Louis Rasminsky and Deputy Governor Robert Beattie.


country: Chile
currency: CLP
denomination: 1 Escudo
series_name: Escudo series
series_range: 1960–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Peso
successor_currency: New Peso
issuer: Banco Central de Chile
signatures: Presidente; Gerente General
printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Chilean coat of arms in clear field at left
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b6f7d,#f5deb3,#4a3a42
portrait_subject: Arturo Prat
reverse_subject: Founding of Santiago
themes: military,statesman,commemorative
pick_number: 135
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:21
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:21
front_description:
  Arturo Prat Chacón (1848–1879), Chilean naval hero and lawyer who commanded the corvette Esmeralda during the Battle of Iquique in the War of the Pacific. He died heroically boarding the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar on May 21, 1879, becoming Chile's most celebrated naval martyr and a symbol of national courage and sacrifice. His portrait has appeared on multiple Chilean banknote series.

back_description:
  The founding of Santiago in 1541 by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, depicting the ceremonial establishment of the city with soldiers, indigenous peoples, and the raising of flags. The scene represents the colonial origins of Chile's capital and the beginning of Spanish settlement in the central valley, a pivotal moment in Chilean history that established Santiago as the administrative center of the Captaincy General of Chile.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the Escudo series issued by the Banco Central de Chile from 1960 to 1975. The Escudo replaced the old Peso at a rate of 1 Escudo = 1,000 Pesos in 1960 as part of a monetary reform to combat inflation. The series featured prominent Chilean historical figures and national symbols. The Escudo itself was later replaced by the current Chilean Peso in 1975 at a rate of 1 Peso = 1,000 Escudos during another period of economic restructuring. Printed by Casa de Moneda de Chile, these notes represent mid-20th century Chilean currency design and honor the nation's naval heritage through the portrait of Arturo Prat, who remains one of Chile's most revered national heroes.


country: Chile
currency: Chilean Escudo
denomination: 10 Escudos
series_name: Escudo series
series_range: 1960–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Chilean Peso (old)
successor_currency: Chilean Peso
issuer: Banco Central de Chile
printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
engraver: J.M. Balmaceda
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d2691e,#f5deb3,#8b4513
portrait_subject: José Manuel Balmaceda
reverse_subject: Abrazo de Maipú
themes: statesman,military,commemorative
pick_number: 142
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:22
front_description:
  José Manuel Balmaceda (1840–1891), Chilean statesman and the 10th President of Chile (1886–1891). A liberal reformer who promoted education, public works, and railroad expansion, he died by suicide following defeat in the 1891 Chilean Civil War. His portrait appears in profile at right, engraved by J.M. Balmaceda (namesake but different person). Serial number 1663226 with prefix A3 appears at left.

back_description:
  The Abrazo de Maipú (Embrace of Maipú), a historic meeting between independence leaders Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín following the decisive Battle of Maipú on April 5, 1818, which secured Chilean independence from Spain. The scene depicts soldiers on horseback with flags and troops in the background. The Chilean coat of arms with the motto 'Por la razón o la fuerza' (By reason or by force) appears at lower right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Chilean Escudo series issued 1960–1975 by the Banco Central de Chile. The Escudo replaced the old peso at a rate of 1 Escudo = 1,000 old pesos in 1960 as part of monetary reform. The currency was withdrawn in 1975 and replaced by the current Chilean peso at 1 peso = 1,000 escudos during the military government's economic restructuring. The 10 Escudos note was a common circulating denomination during this period of significant inflation.


country: Transnistria
currency: Transnistrian ruble
denomination: 1
series_name: 2007 series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007–present
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Transnistrian ruble (first series, 1994-2000)
issuer: Pridnestrovian Republican Bank
issuer_native: Приднестровский Республиканский Банк
printer: Goznak
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 105x52
watermark: Coat of arms of Transnistria in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4c5a0,#a8b899
portrait_subject: Alexander Suvorov
reverse_subject: Dniester River landscape with Bendery Fortress
themes: military,statesman,architecture
pick_number: 42
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Cyrillic
languages: ru
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:23
front_description:
  Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730–1800), one of the greatest military commanders in Russian history who never lost a battle. Generalissimo of the Russian Empire, he is celebrated for his victories in the Russo-Turkish Wars and his legendary Alpine campaign of 1799. Suvorov is depicted wearing military decorations including the Order of St. George and other imperial honors. He is honored on Transnistrian currency due to his historical connection to the region, particularly his role in the Russo-Turkish Wars and the siege of Bendery Fortress.

back_description:
  Scenic view of the Dniester River with Bendery (Bender) Fortress visible in the background. The fortress, originally built in the 16th century by the Ottoman Empire, was the site of important military engagements including Suvorov's operations in the region. The landscape represents the natural beauty of the Dniester region, which gives Transnistria its name (literally 'beyond the Dniester'). A solitary tree stands in the foreground, symbolizing resilience and the region's natural heritage.

historical_notes:
  The 2007 series of Transnistrian rubles replaced the earlier 1994-2000 series with updated designs and enhanced security features. Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic) is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova but operating with de facto independence since 1992. The currency features historical figures connected to the region's complex past, particularly emphasizing Russian Imperial history. Alexander Suvorov appears on the 1 ruble note due to his military campaigns in the region during the 18th century. The series was printed by Goznak in Russia and remains in circulation as legal tender within Transnistria.


country: Chile
currency: Escudo
denomination: ½ Escudo
series_name: Escudo series
series_range: 1960–1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1975
predecessor_currency: Peso
successor_currency: Peso
issuer: Banco Central de Chile
signatures: Presidente: Carlos Vial; Gerente General: (illegible)
printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Bernardo O'Higgins in oval at center
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #e8d7b8,#6b7f9c,#4a5a6b
portrait_subject: Bernardo O'Higgins
reverse_subject: Arrival of Diego de Almagro to Chile
themes: statesman,military,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 134
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:35:23
front_description:
  Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (1778–1842), Chilean independence leader and the first Supreme Director of Chile (1817–1823). O'Higgins was a central figure in Chile's liberation from Spanish colonial rule, leading the Chilean forces alongside José de San Martín; he is revered as the founding father of independent Chile and appears on numerous Chilean banknotes. The portrait is set within an ornate oval guilloche frame, flanked by two signatures titled 'Presidente' and 'Gerente General'.

back_description:
  The arrival of Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro to Chile in 1536, depicting Almagro with his expedition and indigenous peoples. This historical scene commemorates the first Spanish entrada into Chilean territory from Peru, marking the beginning of Spanish presence in Chile. The inscription 'LLEGADA DE ALMAGRO A CHILE' (Arrival of Almagro to Chile) identifies the scene, which was a common motif on Chilean Escudo banknotes celebrating foundational historical moments.

historical_notes:
  This ½ Escudo note belongs to the Escudo series issued by the Banco Central de Chile from 1960 to 1975. The Escudo replaced the Peso at a rate of 1 Escudo = 1,000 Pesos in 1960 as part of monetary reform to combat inflation. The series featured Chilean historical figures and scenes from the nation's colonial and independence periods. The Escudo itself was replaced by the current Chilean Peso in 1975 at a rate of 1 Peso = 1,000 Escudos. Printed by Casa de Moneda de Chile, these notes are recognizable by their intricate guilloche patterns and historical vignettes celebrating Chile's heritage.


country: China
currency: Jilin Province Local Grain Coupon
denomination: 0.2
series_name: Jilin Province Local Grain Coupon Series
series_year: 1975
series_range: 1955–1993
issue_year: 1975
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
successor_currency: Market economy (coupons abolished)
issuer: Jilin Province Local Government
issuer_native: 吉林省地方
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x55
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #e8e4d0,#4a7ba7,#d94a5c
reverse_subject: Fengman Dam
themes: agriculture,industry
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified)
languages: zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:00
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:42
front_description:
  Jilin Province local grain coupon (粮票 liángpiào) for 0.2 units. These coupons were part of China's planned economy rationing system used from the 1950s through the early 1990s to control the distribution of grain and other essential commodities. The inscription '吉林省地方粮票' (Jilin Province Local Grain Coupon) identifies this as a provincial-level ration document used in Jilin Province in northeast China.

back_description:
  Terms and conditions of use printed in Chinese with red official seal/stamp at center. These coupons functioned as a parallel currency system alongside renminbi, required for purchasing rationed goods. The decorative border and denomination '02' appear at left and right edges. Such grain coupons were essential documents for daily life in socialist China until market reforms eliminated the rationing system.

historical_notes:
  Chinese grain coupons (粮票) were a critical component of the planned economy rationing system implemented from approximately 1955 to 1993. Provincial and local governments issued their own coupons, which were required alongside cash to purchase grain, cooking oil, and other staples. Jilin Province, located in northeast China and a major agricultural region, issued local coupons like this one for use within its jurisdiction. The system was gradually phased out during economic reforms of the late 1980s and early 1990s, with most coupons becoming obsolete by 1993. Today these items are collectible ephemera documenting China's planned economy period.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 5 Jiao
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–1997
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x58
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4789,#d4a5a5,#e8d7c3
portrait_subject: Miao and Zhuang women
reverse_subject: National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-883a
rarity_tier: common
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:27
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:19
front_description:
  Two women from China's ethnic minorities, specifically Miao and Zhuang nationalities. The Fourth series of Renminbi (1987–1997) featured ethnic minorities on lower denominations to represent China's multi-ethnic identity and national unity policy. The Miao are known for their elaborate silver jewelry and embroidered costumes, while the Zhuang are China's largest ethnic minority group, predominantly residing in Guangxi. The denomination '五角' (wu jiao, 5 jiao) appears at right in an ornate circular design.

back_description:
  The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China at center, featuring five stars above Tiananmen Gate surrounded by a wreath of grain stalks and a cogwheel, symbolizing the unity of the Chinese people under Communist Party leadership and the worker-peasant alliance. The emblem is rendered in brown tones within a radiating sunburst design. Text appears in Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur (Arabic script), and Zhuang (Latin script) at bottom, reflecting China's multilingual character. The date '1980' appears below the emblem.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth series of Renminbi was issued between 1987 and 1997, though dated 1980. This series was the first to systematically feature China's ethnic minorities on the lower denominations (1, 2, and 5 jiao notes), representing the government's emphasis on national unity and the 'harmonious family' of 56 officially recognized ethnic groups. The 5 jiao note depicts Miao and Zhuang women. The series was gradually withdrawn starting in the late 1990s with the introduction of the Fifth series, and was fully demonetized on May 1, 2018. This particular denomination is common in the collectors' market.

language_script:
  Han (Chinese characters), Mongolian script, Tibetan script, Arabic script (Uyghur), Latin script (Zhuang)


country: China
currency: Foreign Exchange Certificate Yuan
denomination: 0.10 Yuan (10 Fen)
series_name: Foreign Exchange Certificate Series
series_year: 1979
series_range: 1979–1995
issue_year: 1979
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1995-01-01
successor_currency: Renminbi Yuan
issuer: Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x57
security_features: microprint
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b6f47,#e8d7c3
reverse_subject: Huangguoshu Waterfall
themes: architecture,wildlife
pick_number: FX1
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Chinese (Simplified)
languages: en,zh
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:27
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:27
front_description:
  Bank of China Foreign Exchange Certificate for 10 Fen (0.10 Yuan). These certificates were issued by the People's Republic of China specifically for use by foreign visitors and overseas Chinese, equivalent in value to the domestic Renminbi but restricted to designated places within China. The front displays text in both English and Chinese stating the certificate's equivalence to Renminbi Yuan and restrictions on its use, with the denomination shown as 'TEN FEN' in English and '0.10' in numerals.

back_description:
  Huangguoshu Waterfall (黄果树瀑布), located in Anshun, Guizhou Province, China. This is one of the largest waterfalls in China and East Asia, with a height of 77.8 meters and width of 101 meters. The waterfall has been a celebrated natural landmark since ancient times and represents China's natural beauty and tourist attractions, appropriate for a certificate intended for foreign visitors.

historical_notes:
  Foreign Exchange Certificates (FEC) were issued by the Bank of China from 1979 to 1995 as part of China's early economic reform period. These certificates were mandatory for foreign tourists, diplomats, and overseas Chinese to use instead of regular Renminbi, creating a dual currency system. FECs could be used at Friendship Stores, hotels, and other designated locations to purchase goods not available to ordinary Chinese citizens. The system was abolished on January 1, 1995, as China moved toward currency convertibility and market reforms. The 1979 series featured various Chinese scenic locations and came in denominations from 1 Fen to 100 Yuan.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 1 Jiao
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–1997
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 115x52
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#f5e6d3,#4a3428
portrait_subject: Gaoshan and Manchu ethnic representatives
reverse_subject: National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-882
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Han characters), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur (Arabic script), Zhuang, Latin
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:42
front_description:
  Representatives of the Gaoshan (indigenous people of Taiwan) and Manchu ethnic groups, two of China's 56 officially recognized ethnic minorities. The Fourth series renminbi prominently featured ethnic diversity, with each denomination depicting different minority nationalities to symbolize the unity of the multi-ethnic People's Republic of China. The portraits represent China's policy of ethnic inclusion and the equal status of all nationalities within the state.

back_description:
  National Emblem of the People's Republic of China, featuring Tiananmen Gate, five stars above representing the Communist Party and the four social classes, surrounded by sheaves of grain and a cogwheel symbolizing agriculture and industry. The date 1980 appears below the emblem. Text in multiple languages including Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang, and Latin script reflects China's linguistic diversity and constitutional recognition of minority languages.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth series renminbi was issued from 1987 to 1997 (though dated 1980, 1990, and 1996 depending on denomination) by the People's Bank of China to replace the Third series. This 1 jiao note was part of the initial 1980-dated emission. The series was notable for its emphasis on ethnic unity, with each denomination featuring portraits of different ethnic minority groups. The Fourth series was gradually withdrawn starting in 2018, with the 1 jiao note officially demonetized on May 1, 2018, though higher denominations remain exchangeable. This series circulated during China's period of economic reform and opening up under Deng Xiaoping.


country: China
currency: Renminbi (Yuan)
denomination: 1 Jiao
series_name: Fourth Series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–2018
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third Series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth Series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 115x52
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4a76a,#f5e6d3
reverse_subject: Gaoshan and Manchu ethnic representatives
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-882
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur (Arabic script), Zhuang (Latin script)
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:28
front_description:
  The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China at center, featuring Tiananmen Gate beneath five stars, surrounded by sheaves of grain and cogwheel. The date '1980' appears below the emblem. The denomination is inscribed in Chinese characters, Pinyin romanization, and four minority scripts: Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang, reflecting China's multi-ethnic character and the policy of representing national minorities on the Fourth Series banknotes.

back_description:
  Gaoshan and Manchu ethnic representatives depicted in profile at left, representing two of China's officially recognized ethnic minority groups. The Gaoshan are indigenous peoples of Taiwan, while the Manchu are historically significant as the ruling ethnic group of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). The characters '壹角' (one jiao) appear in a diamond pattern at center right, surrounded by traditional geometric designs common to minority ethnic art.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth Series of the Renminbi was issued from 1987 to 1997 (with 1980 and 1990 dates) and circulated until 2018. This series was notable for prominently featuring China's ethnic minorities on all denominations, reflecting the Communist Party's emphasis on national unity and the inclusion of the 55 officially recognized minority nationalities alongside the Han majority. The 1 jiao note was among the smallest denominations and widely circulated for everyday transactions. The series was gradually replaced by the Fifth Series beginning in 1999, and was officially withdrawn from circulation on May 1, 2018.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 2 Jiao
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–2018
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018
predecessor_currency: Third series renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x55
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b9f7e,#e8dcc0,#3d5a42
portrait_subject: Buyi and Korean ethnic minorities
reverse_subject: Yi and Korean ethnic minority women
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-885
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:36:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:20
front_description:
  The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China at center, featuring Tiananmen Gate beneath five stars with sheaves of wheat and a cogwheel, symbolizing the unity of workers and peasants under Communist Party leadership. The emblem is framed by decorative geometric patterns. Text in five scripts appears along the bottom: Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur (Arabic script), Zhuang (Latin script), and Chinese characters, reflecting China's multinational character. Date 1980 printed below emblem.

back_description:
  Yi and Korean ethnic minority women in profile, representing two of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities. The Yi woman wears a traditional black and white headdress with ornamental silver pieces characteristic of Liangshan Yi costume, while the Korean woman is shown in traditional dress. This design is part of the Fourth Series theme of ethnic unity and China's diverse cultural heritage. The denomination 贰角 (2 jiao) appears at right.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth Series of renminbi was issued between 1987 and 1997, though notes bear dates from 1980, 1990, and 1996 depending on denomination. This series was notable for featuring ethnic minorities on several denominations to emphasize national unity and multiculturalism. The 2 jiao note specifically depicts Yi and Korean women. The series was gradually withdrawn starting in 2018 as the Fifth Series replaced it. This 1980-dated 2 jiao was among the first Fourth Series notes released in 1988.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 10 Yuan
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–2018
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2019-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x70
watermark: Tiananmen Gate pattern in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b9d9f,#c08080
portrait_subject: Han and Mongol ethnic representatives
reverse_subject: Mount Everest
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: P-329
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:19
front_description:
  Portraits of a Han Chinese man and a Mongol man representing China's ethnic diversity. The Fourth series renminbi (1987–2018) was the first to feature portraits of ethnic minorities rather than political leaders, symbolizing national unity and the multi-ethnic character of the People's Republic. Each denomination depicts different ethnic groups from China's officially recognized 56 nationalities, emphasizing cultural harmony and socialist inclusiveness.

back_description:
  Mount Everest (Chomolungma/Sagarmatha), the world's highest peak at 8,848 metres, located on the China-Nepal border in the Himalayas. Known in Tibetan as Chomolungma ('Goddess Mother of the World') and measured from the Chinese side, Everest has been a symbol of China's territorial extent and natural majesty. The mountain appears on this denomination as part of the Fourth series' theme of showcasing China's diverse landscapes and natural wonders.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth series renminbi was issued between 1987 and 1997 (dates printed 1980, 1990, 1996) and circulated until full demonetization on May 1, 2019. This series marked a significant shift in Chinese banknote design philosophy, replacing portraits of political figures with depictions of China's ethnic minorities and natural landscapes. The 10 yuan note specifically features Han and Mongol representatives on the obverse and Mount Everest on the reverse. The text includes Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang scripts, reflecting the multilingual nature of the People's Republic. This series coincided with China's economic reforms and opening-up period under Deng Xiaoping.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 5
series_name: Fourth Series Renminbi
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–1997
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2019-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third Series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth Series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
printer: China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x63
watermark: Portrait of a Tibetan man in clear field at left
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #c9a86c,#8b6f5c,#4a3728
portrait_subject: Tibetan and Hui ethnic minority representatives
reverse_subject: Yangtze River Three Gorges
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: P-886
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Simplified Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang, Latin
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:46
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:37:46
front_description:
  Representatives of the Tibetan and Hui ethnic minorities of China, depicted as part of the Fourth Series design philosophy celebrating the nation's 56 ethnic groups. The Tibetan man wears a traditional fur-lined robe while the Hui woman wears traditional dress with earrings. This design reflects the People's Republic's policy of recognizing and honoring its diverse ethnic populations. The National Emblem of China appears at upper left, featuring Tiananmen Gate beneath five stars, encircled by wheat ears and a cogwheel.

back_description:
  The Yangtze River Three Gorges (长江三峡), one of China's most celebrated natural landmarks. The scene depicts the dramatic limestone cliffs rising from the river, a landscape that has inspired Chinese poets and painters for millennia. The Three Gorges stretch approximately 200 kilometers through Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges. The denomination appears in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang scripts along the bottom, reflecting China's multilingual policy.

historical_notes:
  The Fourth Series Renminbi was designed in the late 1970s and issued from 1987, though dated 1980 on the notes. It was the first series to feature ethnic minority portraits, replacing earlier designs focused on workers, peasants, and soldiers. The 5 yuan note was printed until replaced by the Fifth Series beginning in 1999. This series was officially demonetized on May 1, 2019, though exchange at banks remained possible.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 1 Yuan
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1996
series_range: 1987–2018
issue_year: 1996
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2019-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x63
watermark: Ancient Chinese coin pattern
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4c4c,#f5deb3,#d4a76a
portrait_subject: Dong and Yao ethnic minorities
reverse_subject: Great Wall of China at Badaling
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: P-884
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:15
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:15
front_description:
  Representatives of the Dong and Yao ethnic minority groups of China. The Dong people are known for their distinctive wooden architecture and polyphonic singing traditions, primarily residing in southeastern Guizhou, western Hunan, and northern Guangxi. The Yao people are one of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities, with a population dispersed across southern China and Southeast Asia. This note is part of the Fourth series of the Renminbi, which featured various ethnic minorities to emphasize China's multi-ethnic national unity.

back_description:
  The Great Wall of China at Badaling, the most visited section of the Great Wall, located approximately 80 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Originally built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), the Badaling section was restored in 1957 and has become an iconic symbol of Chinese civilization and engineering achievement. The Great Wall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.

historical_notes:
  Fourth series of the Renminbi, issued from 1987 to 2018 and formally demonetized on May 1, 2019. The 1 Yuan note of this series was first issued in 1988, with the 1996 date representing a later printing within the series. This series was notable for featuring portraits of ethnic minorities rather than political leaders, reflecting the People's Republic's policy of promoting national unity among China's diverse ethnic groups. The series was gradually replaced by the Fifth series beginning in 1999, though both circulated concurrently for many years.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 1 Jiao
series_name: Fourth series Renminbi
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–2018
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 115x52
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Gaoshan and Manchu ethnic minorities
reverse_subject: National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
themes: indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-882
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur (Arabic), Zhuang, pinyin romanization
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:16
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:16
front_description:
  Portraits of a Gaoshan man and Manchu woman, representing two of China's ethnic minority groups. The Gaoshan (高山族) are indigenous peoples of Taiwan, while the Manchu (满族) are the ethnic group that founded the Qing Dynasty. This design was part of the People's Republic of China's Fourth Series effort to showcase the country's ethnic diversity across its banknote denominations, with different minority groups featured on each value.

back_description:
  National Emblem of the People's Republic of China at center, featuring Tiananmen Gate beneath five stars, encircled by sheaves of grain and a cogwheel. The year 1980 appears below the emblem. The text includes the bank name 'ZHONGGUO RENMIN YINHANG' in pinyin, with multilingual denominations in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang scripts along the bottom edge, reflecting China's linguistic diversity.

historical_notes:
  This 1 Jiao note belongs to the Fourth Series of the Renminbi, issued between 1987 and 1997 (though dated 1980). The series was the first to be developed entirely by Chinese designers and technicians without foreign assistance. It introduced enhanced security features and emphasized ethnic unity by featuring portraits of China's ethnic minorities. The Fourth Series was gradually withdrawn from circulation starting in 2018, with complete demonetization on May 1, 2018. This series bridged China's transition from a planned economy to market reforms under Deng Xiaoping.


country: China
currency: Yuan
denomination: 10
series_name: Bank of China 1937 series
series_year: 1937
series_range: 1937-1942
issue_year: 1937
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1949
successor_currency: People's Bank of China Yuan
issuer: Bank of China
issuer_native: 中國銀行
signatures: General Manager: signature present; Manager: signature present
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, London
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 185x100
security_features: intaglio,microprint,guilloche_patterns
color_palette: #8b9e7d,#d4b9a8,#2d3d2d
portrait_subject: Sun Yat-sen
reverse_subject: Bank of China headquarters building
themes: statesman,architecture,banking
pick_number: P-81
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (traditional), English
languages: zh,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:17
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:17
front_description:
  Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), founding father of the Republic of China, provisional first president, and leader of the 1911 revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty. His portrait appears at left on this Bank of China note, which was issued during the Republican era and the Second Sino-Japanese War. The inscription reads '中國銀行' (Bank of China) and '拾圓' (Ten Yuan), with the date '中華民國二十六年印' (Republic of China Year 26, 1937).

back_description:
  The Bank of China headquarters building in Shanghai, a prominent Art Deco structure completed in 1936 at No. 23 on the Bund. This building symbolized China's modern banking sector during the Republican period and served as the bank's main office. The reverse displays 'BANK OF CHINA' and 'TEN YUAN NATIONAL CURRENCY' in English, with the year 1937 at bottom and printer's imprint.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Bank of China's 1937 series, issued during the Republic of China period under the Nationalist government. The year 1937 marked the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, a period of significant economic turmoil. The Bank of China was one of four major note-issuing banks in Republican China, alongside the Central Bank of China, Bank of Communications, and Farmers Bank of China. These notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue in London, reflecting the internationalization of Chinese currency production during this era. The series remained in use until the Communist victory in 1949, after which the currency was replaced by the renminbi issued by the People's Bank of China.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 1 Yuan
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–1997
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x63
watermark: Ancient coin pattern in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #8b4a4a,#f5deb3,#d4a574
portrait_subject: Dong and Yao ethnic minority women
reverse_subject: Great Wall of China at Badaling
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: P-884
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Pinyin, Tibetan, Uyghur, Mongolian, Zhuang
languages: zh,bo,ug,mn,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:18
front_description:
  Portraits of two young women representing the Dong and Yao ethnic minorities of China. The Dong people are primarily found in Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, known for their distinctive architecture and polyphonic singing tradition; the Yao people inhabit mountainous regions of southern China and are recognized for their colorful traditional dress and elaborate silver jewelry. This design was part of the Fourth Series' effort to represent China's ethnic diversity, with different denominations featuring different minority groups.

back_description:
  The Great Wall of China at Badaling, the most visited section of the Wall, located approximately 80 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Originally built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), this section was restored in 1957 and became the first part opened to tourists. The Great Wall, stretching over 21,000 kilometers, is one of China's most iconic symbols and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, representing the country's ancient military defense system and engineering prowess.

historical_notes:
  Fourth series of the Renminbi, issued between 1987 and 1997 (though dated 1980 and 1990), replacing the Third Series. This series was notable for featuring portraits of ethnic minorities rather than worker-peasant-soldier imagery, reflecting China's policy of ethnic unity and recognition of its 56 officially recognized ethnic groups. The 1 Yuan note specifically depicts Dong and Yao women. The series incorporated improved anti-counterfeiting features including watermarks, security threads, and microprinting. It was gradually withdrawn starting in 2018, with complete demonetization on May 1, 2018, replaced by the Fifth Series.


country: China
currency: CNY
denomination: 5 Yuan
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 1980
series_range: 1987–1997
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2018-05-01
predecessor_currency: Third series Renminbi
successor_currency: Fifth series Renminbi
issuer: People's Bank of China
issuer_native: 中国人民银行
printer: China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x63
watermark: Ancient coins pattern in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #8b6f47,#d4a574,#5d4e37
portrait_subject: Miao and Zhuang ethnic minorities
reverse_subject: Wulingyuan scenic area (Zhangjiajie National Forest Park)
themes: indigenous_culture,wildlife,architecture
pick_number: P-886
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Chinese (Simplified), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang
languages: zh,mn,bo,ug,za
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:49
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:38:49
front_description:
  Portraits of two women representing China's ethnic minorities: a Miao woman (left) and a Zhuang woman (right), both in traditional dress and headdress. The Miao and Zhuang are among China's largest minority ethnic groups, concentrated in the southern provinces. This design was part of the Fourth series Renminbi's emphasis on representing China's ethnic diversity and national unity, with each denomination featuring different minority groups.

back_description:
  Wulingyuan scenic area in Hunan Province, showing the distinctive sandstone pillars and peaks of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for its quartzite-sandstone pillars rising over 200 meters, formed over 400 million years through erosion. The site later gained international fame as inspiration for the floating mountains in the film Avatar (2009). The area encompasses over 3,000 such pillars across 264 square kilometers.

historical_notes:
  Fourth series Renminbi, issued 1987–1997 with designs approved in 1980, officially withdrawn from circulation May 1, 2018. This series was the first to feature China's ethnic minorities as portrait subjects rather than solely Han Chinese workers or political figures, reflecting the policy of national unity and recognition of China's 56 ethnic groups. The 5 yuan note was among the most widely circulated denominations during China's economic reform period of the 1980s–1990s. The series was gradually replaced by the Fifth series beginning in 1999, with advanced anti-counterfeiting features.


country: Colombia
currency: COP
denomination: 20
series_name: Peso Oro series
series_year: 1983
series_range: 1973-1991
issue_year: 1983
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
successor_currency: COP
issuer: Banco de la República
issuer_native: Banco de la República
signatures: Gerente: [illegible]; Secretario: [illegible]
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Portrait of Francisco José de Caldas
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a8c5a0
portrait_subject: Francisco José de Caldas
reverse_subject: Museo del Oro pre-Columbian artifacts
themes: scientist,indigenous_culture,archaeology
pick_number: 409d
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:19
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:16:15
front_description:
  Francisco José de Caldas (1768–1816), Colombian scientist, military engineer, geographer, botanist, and astronomer known as 'El Sabio' (The Wise Man). He conducted pioneering research on the geography of New Granada, discovered the relationship between altitude and boiling point of water, and was executed by Spanish royalist forces during the wars of independence. Depicted with a celestial globe representing his astronomical work, accompanied by scientific instruments. The note is issued by Banco de la República and dated January 1, 1983.

back_description:
  Pre-Columbian gold artifacts from the Museo del Oro (Gold Museum) in Bogotá, one of the world's most important collections of pre-Hispanic metallurgy. Featured are representative pieces including anthropomorphic figurines, ceremonial vessels, and ornamental objects from indigenous cultures including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Calima peoples. The medallion at top center bears the text 'BANCO DE LA REPUBLICA BOGOTA COLOMBIA' surrounding a classical female head. These artifacts represent Colombia's rich indigenous heritage and advanced goldworking techniques developed centuries before European contact.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Peso Oro series issued by the Banco de la República between 1973 and 1991. The Peso Oro (Gold Peso) was Colombia's currency from 1871 to 1993, when it was replaced by the current Colombian peso at par. The 20 Peso Oro denomination featuring Francisco José de Caldas was part of a series honoring prominent Colombian intellectuals and scientists. Caldas is particularly revered in Colombian history as a martyr of independence and pioneer of scientific investigation in South America. The reverse's focus on the Museo del Oro reflects national pride in Colombia's pre-Columbian heritage and the country's status as a major gold-producing region since ancient times.


country: Colombia
currency: Peso oro
denomination: 10
series_name: Peso oro series
series_range: 1973–1992
issue_year: 1980
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993
successor_currency: Colombian peso
issuer: Banco de la República
signatures: Gerente: R. García; Secretario: Francisco J. Ortiz
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Liberty head in center oval
security_features: microprint,intaglio,watermark
color_palette: #8b4789,#d4af37,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Antonio Nariño
reverse_subject: San Agustín Archaeological Park statues
themes: statesman,indigenous_culture,architecture
pick_number: 407g
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:20
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:20
front_description:
  Antonio Nariño (1765–1824), Colombian ideologist and precursor of independence who translated and published the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1794, leading to his imprisonment and exile; he served as Vice President of Cundinamarca and is honored as a national hero for his role in Colombia's independence movement. At right, a Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja), Colombia's largest raptor and a symbol of national fauna. The note includes ornamental elements and a central medallion with the denomination.

back_description:
  San Agustín Archaeological Park in Huila Department, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring pre-Columbian stone statues and monuments created by the San Agustín culture between the 1st and 8th centuries CE. The scene depicts multiple anthropomorphic stone sculptures characteristic of this ancient civilization, representing one of South America's most important archaeological sites with over 500 monumental statues.

historical_notes:
  Part of the peso oro series issued by the Banco de la República from 1973 to 1992, this denomination was printed with various dates throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The peso oro was replaced by the modern Colombian peso in 1993 following monetary reform. The 10 pesos oro note circulated widely during a period of relative economic stability before hyperinflation concerns led to the currency's eventual replacement. The series featured Colombian patriots and national symbols to promote cultural identity.


country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
currency: CDF
denomination: 50
series_name: Franc Congolais 2003-2013 issue
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2003-2013
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2013
predecessor_currency: Nouveau Zaïre
issuer: Banque Centrale du Congo
signatures: Le Gouverneur: signature present
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Okapi head in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,intaglio
color_palette: #c9a87c,#8b4f5a,#e6d8c3
portrait_subject: Okapi
reverse_subject: Fishing village on the Congo River
themes: wildlife,indigenous_culture,transport,architecture
pick_number: P-97A
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,ln
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:20
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:20
front_description:
  Okapi (Okapia johnstoni), a forest giraffe endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Ituri Rainforest. The okapi was unknown to Western science until 1901 and has become a national symbol of the DRC, representing the country's unique biodiversity and natural heritage. The animal appears in profile at left, with the Banque Centrale du Congo emblem at center showing the okapi symbol within a stylized design.

back_description:
  A traditional fishing village on the banks of the Congo River, identified by the inscription 'UN VILLAGE DE PÊCHEURS AU BORD DU FLEUVE CONGO' (A fishing village on the banks of the Congo River). The scene depicts traditional stilt houses with thatched roofs along the riverbank, with canoes and fishing nets visible, representing the artisanal fishing communities that have subsisted along the Congo River for centuries. The text 'MAKUMI TANO' (fifty in Lingala) appears at lower right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Franc Congolais series issued from 2003-2013 following the replacement of the Nouveau Zaïre in 1998. The franc congolais was reintroduced to stabilize the economy after years of hyperinflation and conflict during the Mobutu era and subsequent wars. The 2007 issue date places it during the transitional period after the formal end of the Second Congo War. The okapi, featured prominently on multiple denominations, serves as a powerful national emblem of Congolese natural heritage. This series was eventually replaced by revised designs starting in 2012-2013 with enhanced security features.


country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
currency: Congolese Franc
denomination: 50 Francs
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 2007
series_range: 2007-2013
issue_year: 2007
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2013
issuer: Banque Centrale du Congo
signatures: Le Gouverneur: Jean-Claude Masangu Mulongo
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Carved wooden mask in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #a0746a,#f5e6d3,#8b4545
portrait_subject: Carved wooden Congolese mask
reverse_subject: Fishing village on Congo River
themes: indigenous_culture,architecture,transport
pick_number: 97A
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,ln
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:55
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:39:55
front_description:
  Traditional carved wooden mask from the Democratic Republic of Congo, representing the rich artistic heritage of Congolese peoples. The elaborate geometric patterns and stylized features are characteristic of Central African ceremonial and ritual masks that play important roles in cultural and spiritual practices. The mask motif has appeared on Congolese currency as a symbol of national identity and cultural continuity since independence, representing the diverse ethnic groups and their traditional arts.

back_description:
  A fishing village (un village de pêcheurs) on the banks of the Congo River (au bord du Fleuve Congo), depicting traditional thatched-roof dwellings on stilts and fishermen in dugout canoes. The scene illustrates the traditional riverine lifestyle that has sustained Congolese communities for centuries along the Congo River and its tributaries. The inscription 'MAKUMI TANO' (fifty in Lingala) appears at lower right, acknowledging one of the four national languages of the DRC.

historical_notes:
  Part of the Fourth series of Congolese Franc notes issued from 2007, following the currency's reintroduction in 1997 after the Second Congo War. The 50 Francs denomination was the second-lowest value note in circulation. This series featured traditional cultural motifs and scenes of daily life, moving away from portraits of political leaders. The note was dated 31.07.2007 and remained in circulation until replaced by newer designs in 2013. The use of Lingala alongside French reflects the multilingual nature of the DRC.


country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
currency: CDF
denomination: 50 Francs
series_name: 2013 Reform Series
series_range: 2013–present
issue_year: 2022
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: Zairean Zaire
issuer: Banque Centrale du Congo
issuer_native: Banque Centrale du Congo
signatures: Le Gouverneur: signature present (name illegible from image)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Mask motif in clear field at left
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, latent_image
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b4513,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Traditional Congolese mask
reverse_subject: Fishing village on the Congo River
themes: indigenous_culture, architecture, agriculture
pick_number: 97b
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: fr,ln
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:27
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:16:24
front_description:
  Traditional carved wooden mask from the Democratic Republic of Congo, representing the rich artistic heritage of Congolese peoples. The mask features elaborate geometric patterns and demonstrates the intricate woodcarving traditions that have been central to Central African cultural and spiritual life for centuries. Such masks are used in ceremonies and are recognized globally as masterworks of African art. The Banque Centrale du Congo issued this design as part of the post-2013 currency reform to stabilize the Congolese franc and emphasize national cultural identity.

back_description:
  A fishing village along the Congo River (Fleuve Congo), showing traditional thatched-roof huts on stilts and fishing boats. The inscription 'UN VILLAGE DE PÊCHEURS AU BORD DU FLEUVE CONGO' (A fishing village on the banks of the Congo River) identifies the scene. This depicts the traditional riverine lifestyle that sustains many Congolese communities along the world's second-largest river by discharge, emphasizing the importance of fishing and river commerce to the Congolese economy and way of life. The word 'MAKUMI TANO' (meaning 'fifty' in Lingala) appears at lower right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2013 Reform Series of Congolese francs, introduced to address chronic inflation and currency instability. The Democratic Republic of Congo redenominated its currency in 1998, removing three zeros, and subsequent series have maintained the franc. This 50-franc denomination dated 04.01.2022 represents the current circulating currency. The design emphasizes Congolese cultural heritage through traditional masks and riverine life, distancing from colonial-era imagery. The bilingual text (French and Lingala) reflects the country's linguistic diversity.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 10
series_name: 2001–2014 series
series_year: 2012
series_range: 2001–2014
issue_year: 2012
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2023-01-15
predecessor_currency: Croatian Dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Croatian National Bank
issuer_native: Hrvatska narodna banka
signatures: Guverner: Boris Vujčić
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 125x60
watermark: Portrait of Juraj Dobrila in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register, latent_image, uv
color_palette: #c9b896,#a4c3a4,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Juraj Dobrila
reverse_subject: Pula Arena
themes: statesman,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-38a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Glagolitic
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:29
front_description:
  Juraj Dobrila (1812–1882), Croatian bishop, writer and politician. He was the Bishop of Poreč and Pula from 1857, a prominent advocate for the Croatian national movement in Istria, founder of educational and cultural institutions, and a champion of using Croatian and Slovenian languages in church and education. He established schools, libraries, and agricultural cooperatives, and is remembered as a key figure in the cultural and social awakening of Istria. The front also displays historical coats of arms associated with Croatian regions.

back_description:
  The Pula Arena (Amphitheatrum Pola), a Roman amphitheatre built in the 1st century AD in Pula, Istria. It is one of the six largest surviving Roman arenas in the world and the best preserved ancient monument in Croatia. The arena could seat approximately 20,000 spectators and was used for gladiatorial contests. The inscription identifies it as 'PULA ARENA: I. ST. POSLIJE KRISTA' (1st century after Christ). A Glagolitic script detail 'MOTOVUN' appears below, referencing another Istrian town.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 2001–2014 Croatian Kuna series issued by the Croatian National Bank. The kuna was introduced in 1994 to replace the Croatian dinar during the post-independence stabilization period. The 2001 series featured prominent Croatian historical figures and cultural landmarks. This 10 kuna note was dated 9 August 2012 (Zagreb, 9. Srpnja 2012). Croatia adopted the euro on 1 January 2023, and kuna banknotes were demonetized on 15 January 2023 after a dual-circulation period. The denomination honors Juraj Dobrila, reflecting Croatia's emphasis on regional identity and cultural heritage, particularly that of Istria.


country: Cook Islands
currency: NZD
denomination: 3
series_name: Festival of Pacific Arts Commemorative Issue
series_year: 1992
series_range: 1992
issue_year: 1992
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1992
issuer: Government of the Cook Islands
signatures: Minister of Finance: Terepai Maoate
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 155x70
watermark: Ina and the shark motif visible in clear field
security_features: intaglio,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #f5deb3,#87ceeb,#d4af37
portrait_subject: Ina and the Shark
reverse_subject: Traditional va'a (outrigger canoe) and carved wooden deity figure
themes: mythology,indigenous_culture,commemorative,transport
commemorative_occasion: 6th Festival of Pacific Arts, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, October 16-27, 1992
pick_number: 8
rarity_tier: rare
language_script: Latin
languages: en,mi
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:30
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:30
front_description:
  Ina and the Shark, a legendary figure from Cook Islands Polynesian mythology. Ina (also known as Hina) is a moon goddess whose story is central to Pacific Islander oral tradition; in the most famous tale, she transforms into or rides a shark. This note depicts Ina with flowing hair alongside a shark rendered in fine engraving, symbolizing the deep connection between Cook Islanders and the ocean. The $3 denomination is unusual globally and reflects the commemorative nature of this issue.

back_description:
  Traditional Polynesian va'a (outrigger canoe) with distinctive double-hull construction and rigging, representing centuries-old seafaring technology that enabled the settlement of the Pacific islands. At right stands a carved wooden deity figure (staff god or atua rakau) characteristic of Cook Islands religious art from the pre-Christian era, with geometric patterns typical of eastern Polynesian carving traditions. Decorative tapa cloth patterns in pink, yellow and purple frame the scene. The inscription commemorates the 6th Festival of Pacific Arts held in Rarotonga in October 1992, a major cultural event celebrating indigenous Pacific art, dance, and traditions.

historical_notes:
  This $3 note was issued as a commemorative for the 6th Festival of Pacific Arts held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, October 16-27, 1992. The Cook Islands use New Zealand currency for everyday transactions, making special issues like this extremely limited in production and circulation. The unusual $3 denomination has no practical circulation purpose and was intended primarily for collectors and festival attendees. The note was printed by Thomas De La Rue and represents one of the few occasions the Cook Islands government has issued its own banknotes. It was legal tender only briefly during the festival period. The design draws heavily on Cook Islands Maori mythology and traditional crafts, showcasing the cultural heritage celebrated at the Festival of Pacific Arts, a quadrennial event rotating among Pacific nations.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 20
series_name: Fourth series
series_year: 2012
series_range: 1993–2023
issue_year: 2012
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2023-01-15
predecessor_currency: Croatian dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Croatian National Bank
issuer_native: Hrvatska Narodna Banka
signatures: Governor: Boris Vujčić
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 134x68
watermark: Portrait of Juraj Dobrila in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a373,#c97b7b,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Juraj Dobrila
reverse_subject: Eltz Palace Vukovar
themes: statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-40
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: EUR
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:31
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:31
front_description:
  Juraj Dobrila (1812–1882), Croatian bishop, politician, and educator who served as Bishop of Poreč and Pula. A prominent advocate for Croatian language rights and education in Istria during the Austro-Hungarian period, he founded schools, libraries, and the newspaper 'Naša sloga'. The denomination '20' appears centrally with decorative patterns including Croatian checkerboard shield elements, and text 'DVADESET KUNA' (twenty kuna). The note displays the issuer 'HRVATSKA NARODNA BANKA' vertically on the left.

back_description:
  Eltz Palace (Dvorac Eltz) in Vukovar, a baroque mansion built in the 18th century that now houses the Vukovar City Museum. The inscription reads 'VUKOVAR DVORAC ELTZ XVIII ST.' (Vukovar Eltz Palace 18th century). Below the building appears a Vučedol dove (Vučedolska golubica), a ceramic vessel from around 2500 BC representing the famous Vučedol culture archaeological site near Vukovar. The inscription notes '2500 GOD. PR. KR.' (2500 years before Christ). The date 'ZAGREB, 9. SRPNJA 2012.' and governor's signature appear on the right.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to Croatia's fourth currency series, the Croatian kuna, introduced in 1994 to replace the Croatian dinar during the country's post-independence monetary reform. The kuna served as Croatia's currency from 1994 until Croatia adopted the euro on January 1, 2023. The 2012 dated notes represent a later printing within this series. The note features Juraj Dobrila, honoring his contributions to Croatian cultural development in Istria, while the reverse depicts Vukovar, a city of immense symbolic importance due to its suffering during the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). The Vučedol dove represents Croatia's ancient cultural heritage. The kuna was subdivided into 100 lipa.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 25
series_name: First Kuna series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1995
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2023-01-14
predecessor_currency: Croatian Dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Croatian National Bank
issuer_native: Hrvatska narodna banka
signatures: Ministar Financija: Ruder Bošković 1711–1787
printer: ZIN Zagreb
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 135x65
watermark: Portrait of Ruđer Bošković
security_features: microprint,latent_image,intaglio
color_palette: #f5deb3,#8b4789,#d4af37
portrait_subject: Ruđer Bošković
reverse_subject: Zagreb Cathedral
themes: scientist,architecture,religion
pick_number: 30a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:40:52
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:16:35
front_description:
  Ruđer Josip Bošković (1711–1787), Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, and Jesuit priest. He is best known for his atomic theory and his work in astronomy, making contributions to the determination of planetary orbits; he founded the Brera Observatory in Milan and served as the first professor of mathematics at the University of Pavia. His portrait appears alongside a geometric diagram representing his scientific work in optics and astronomy, with the Croatian coat of arms at right.

back_description:
  Zagreb Cathedral (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), the tallest building in Croatia and a prominent Gothic Revival landmark in Zagreb. The cathedral's twin neo-Gothic spires dominate the skyline; originally built in the 11th century, it was substantially reconstructed after the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. The text '25 DVADESET PET HRVATSKIH DINARA' identifies the denomination as twenty-five Croatian dinars, indicating this is from the 1991 transition period.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first Croatian Kuna series issued in 1991 following Croatia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. However, the denomination text reads 'DVADESET PET HRVATSKIH DINARA' (25 Croatian Dinars), indicating this is actually from the brief Croatian Dinar series (October 1991–May 1994) that preceded the Kuna. The Croatian Dinar was introduced to replace the Yugoslav Dinar during the war of independence and suffered significant inflation before being replaced by the Croatian Kuna in 1994 at a rate of 1 Kuna = 1000 Dinars. The Croatian Kuna itself was withdrawn on January 1, 2023, when Croatia adopted the Euro.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 1000
series_name: Independent State of Croatia issue
series_year: 1941
series_range: 1941–1945
issue_year: 1941
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1945
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
issuer: Ministry of National Economy of the Independent State of Croatia
issuer_native: Ministar Narodnog Gospodarstva
signatures: Minister: Lovro Šušić
printer: State Printing Works
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x95
watermark: Portrait of a young Croatian woman
security_features: guilloche_patterns,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7355,#d4a574,#a0522d
portrait_subject: Young Croatian woman in traditional dress
reverse_subject: Stylized landscape motif
themes: indigenous_culture,commemorative
commemorative_occasion: Establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska)
pick_number: P-3
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:21
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:16:49
front_description:
  Portrait of a young Croatian woman in traditional folk costume, representing the national identity of the newly-established Independent State of Croatia (NDH). This note was issued under the Ustaša puppet regime during World War II (1941–1945) and bears the inscription 'NEZAVISNA DRŽAVA HRVATSKA' (Independent State of Croatia) along with 'TISUĆU KUNA' (One Thousand Kuna). The text 'ZAGREB 20. SVIBNJA 1941' dates the issue to May 20, 1941, shortly after the establishment of the NDH. The inscription 'MINISTAR NARODNOG GOSPODARSTVA' indicates issuance by the Minister of National Economy.

back_description:
  Stylized landscape with decorative guilloche patterns and ornamental borders. The text 'NEZAVISNA DRŽAVA HRVATSKA' (Independent State of Croatia) appears in an arc above the denomination '1000 KUNA'. The design emphasizes national symbolism through traditional decorative motifs.

historical_notes:
  This 1000 Kuna note was issued by the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), a puppet state established by the Axis powers in April 1941 following the invasion of Yugoslavia. The NDH introduced the Kuna as its currency, reviving a historical Croatian monetary unit. These notes circulated from 1941 until the collapse of the NDH in May 1945, when Yugoslavia was reunified and the Yugoslav Dinar was restored. The series is historically significant but controversial due to the regime that issued it. Notes from this period are collected primarily for their historical interest and are relatively scarce today.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 1
series_name: Croatian Dinar series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-05-30
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Croatian Kuna
issuer: Republic of Croatia Ministry of Finance
issuer_native: Republika Hrvatska
signatures: Ministar Financija
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d2a679,#e6d5c3,#c88a9a
portrait_subject: Ruđer Bošković
reverse_subject: Zagreb Cathedral
themes: scientist,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-16
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:21
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:21
front_description:
  Ruđer Josip Bošković (1711–1787), Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, and Jesuit priest. He is best known for his atomic theory and his work in astronomy and optics; he served as director of optics for the French Navy and was a member of learned societies across Europe. His portrait is accompanied by geometric diagrams representing his scientific work, including orbital mechanics and astronomical calculations. The note displays 'REPUBLIKA HRVATSKA' vertically on the left, the Croatian coat of arms (checkerboard shield) at upper right, and the denomination '1 JEDAN HRVATSKI DINAR' below the portrait.

back_description:
  Zagreb Cathedral (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), the tallest building in Croatia and the most monumental sacral structure in neo-Gothic style southeast of the Alps. The twin spires, standing at 105 meters, are shown with the cathedral's ornate Gothic revival façade. Construction began in the 13th century; the building was extensively rebuilt in neo-Gothic style by Hermann Bollé after the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. The reverse includes decorative geometric patterns and the text 'REPUBLIKA HRVATSKA' vertically along the right edge, with 'ZAGREB 8. LISTOPADA 1991' (Zagreb, October 8, 1991) along the left margin.

historical_notes:
  The Croatian Dinar was the first currency of independent Croatia, issued from 1991 to 1994 following the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. This 1 dinar note was part of the initial series dated October 8, 1991, designed to replace the Yugoslav dinar during the Croatian War of Independence. The series featured prominent Croatian historical figures and national landmarks to assert national identity. Due to hyperinflation, the Croatian Dinar was replaced by the Croatian Kuna on May 30, 1994, at a rate of 1 kuna = 1,000 dinars. The series is notable for its modest design and simple security features, reflecting the urgent economic circumstances of its issuance.


country: Croatia
currency: Croatian Dinar
denomination: 100
series_name: First Croatian Dinar series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1994
issue_year: 1991
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-05-30
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Croatian Kuna
issuer: Republic of Croatia
issuer_native: Republika Hrvatska
signatures: Ministar Financija: (signature present)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x72
watermark: Portrait of Ruđer Bošković in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #8fbc8f,#f5deb3,#2f4f2f
portrait_subject: Ruđer Bošković
reverse_subject: Zagreb Cathedral
themes: scientist,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-20a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:22
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:22
front_description:
  Ruđer Bošković (1711–1787), Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, and Jesuit priest. He is best known for his atomic theory and his work in astronomy and mathematics; he produced a precursor to atomic theory and made significant contributions to the determination of a meridian arc. Bošković was one of the greatest scientists of his era and is celebrated as a national hero in Croatia. The inscription 'STO HRVATSKIH DINARA' (One Hundred Croatian Dinars) appears at bottom, with the Croatian coat of arms (red-and-white checkerboard shield) at upper right.

back_description:
  Zagreb Cathedral (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), the tallest building in Croatia and a symbol of Zagreb. The Gothic-style cathedral was originally constructed in the 13th century, destroyed by the Mongols in 1242, rebuilt, and subsequently modified with Neo-Gothic twin spires added in the late 19th century after an 1880 earthquake. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Zagreb and one of Croatia's most important religious and architectural landmarks.

historical_notes:
  This 100-dinar note belongs to the first Croatian Dinar series issued following Croatian independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. The Croatian dinar was introduced on December 23, 1991, to replace the Yugoslav dinar at par, and served as Croatia's currency during the period of the Croatian War of Independence and early statehood. The series featured prominent Croatian historical figures and landmarks to assert national identity. The dinar was replaced by the Croatian kuna on May 30, 1994, at a rate of 1 kuna = 1,000 dinars, following a period of hyperinflation. The choice of Ruđer Bošković reflected Croatia's emphasis on its scientific and cultural heritage.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 1
series_name: First Dinar series
series_year: 1991
series_range: 1991–1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994-05-30
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Croatian Kuna
issuer: Republic of Croatia
issuer_native: Republika Hrvatska
signatures: Ministar Financija
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 120x60
security_features: microprint,intaglio,geometric_patterns
color_palette: #d4a574,#e6c9b8,#d4a4c8
portrait_subject: Ruđer Bošković
reverse_subject: Zagreb Cathedral
themes: scientist,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-16
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:43
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:43
front_description:
  Ruđer Josip Bošković (1711–1787), Croatian Jesuit priest, physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, and polymath. One of the most prominent scientists of his time, he made fundamental contributions to physics with his atomic theory, worked in astronomy and geodesy, and is celebrated as a key figure of Croatian science. His dates appear as '17.III-1787' on the note. Geometric designs incorporating mathematical diagrams and astronomical symbols reference his scientific achievements.

back_description:
  Zagreb Cathedral (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), the tallest building in Croatia and a landmark of Zagreb. Originally constructed in the 13th century, it was rebuilt in neo-Gothic style after the 1880 earthquake. The twin spires are depicted at center, with architectural details showing the cathedral's distinctive Gothic Revival façade designed by Hermann Bollé.

historical_notes:
  First Dinar series of independent Croatia, issued 1991–1994 following Croatia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. The Croatian Dinar replaced the Yugoslav Dinar at par and was intended as a transitional currency during the Croatian War of Independence. This series featured Croatian cultural and scientific figures. Hyperinflation led to its replacement by the Croatian Kuna on 30 May 1994. The 1 Dinar was the lowest denomination of this series.


country: Croatia
currency: HRK
denomination: 50
series_name: Croatian Kuna series
series_year: 2002
series_range: 1993–2022
issue_year: 2002
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2023-01-01
predecessor_currency: Yugoslav Dinar
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Croatian National Bank
issuer_native: Hrvatska Narodna Banka
signatures: Governor: Željko Rohatinski
printer: Giesecke+Devrient
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x66
watermark: Portrait of Ivan Gundulić
security_features: hologram,thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,optically_variable_ink
color_palette: #4a6fa5,#c9d4e0,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Ivan Gundulić
reverse_subject: Dubrovnik Old Town
themes: writer,architecture
pick_number: P-40a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: hr
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:46
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:41:46
front_description:
  Ivan Gundulić (1589–1638), the foremost poet of the Croatian Baroque and a central figure of Ragusan literature. His epic poem 'Osman' is considered a masterpiece of Croatian literature, celebrating Slavic resistance against the Ottoman Empire. He spent his entire life in the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) where he held various government positions. The Croatian coat of arms with its distinctive red and white checkerboard (šahovnica) appears at upper left.

back_description:
  Panoramic view of the historic Old Town of Dubrovnik, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. The illustration shows the famous city walls, the Adriatic coastline, and the Rector's Palace in the foreground. Dubrovnik was the capital of the Republic of Ragusa, an independent maritime republic from 1358 to 1808, and Gundulić's birthplace and home. The text 'DUBROVNIK' identifies the location. Designer credits appear on the left margin: M.S. Guttag and V. Žiljak.

historical_notes:
  The Croatian kuna was introduced on 30 May 1994, replacing the Croatian dinar at a rate of 1 kuna = 1000 dinars. This 50 kuna note dated 7 March 2002 (Zagreb, 7. ožujka 2002) was signed by Governor Željko Rohatinski who served from 2000 to 2012. The kuna circulated until Croatia adopted the euro on 1 January 2023, becoming the 20th eurozone member. The name 'kuna' derives from the marten, whose pelts were used as a form of currency in medieval Croatia.


country: Cyprus
currency: CYP
denomination: 1 Pound
series_name: 1997 Issue
series_year: 1997
series_range: 1997-2004
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-01-31
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Central Bank of Cyprus
issuer_native: ΚΕΝΤΡΙΚΗ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ
signatures: Director: signature visible
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x72
watermark: Mouflon (wild sheep) head in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4b896,#8b6f47,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Cypriot woman in traditional costume
reverse_subject: Traditional Cypriot pottery and village scene
themes: indigenous_culture,agriculture,architecture
pick_number: P-60c
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek, Turkish (Greek alphabet and Latin alphabet)
languages: el,tr,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:15
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:15
front_description:
  A Cypriot woman in traditional folk costume with elaborate embroidered dress and jewelry, representing the island's cultural heritage. The design incorporates the coat of arms of Cyprus (featuring a copper-colored dove, Cyprus being historically famous for copper mining) and geometric patterns from traditional Cypriot textiles. The date 1.2.1997 marks this specific issue within the 1997 series.

back_description:
  Traditional Cypriot pottery including decorated ceramic vessels and jugs, displayed alongside lefkaritika (Lefkara lace) patterns and a view of a traditional Cypriot village with characteristic stone architecture. The pottery and lace represent two of Cyprus's most celebrated handicraft traditions, while the village scene evokes the rural heritage of the island.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1997 issue series of the Cyprus pound, which was the final series issued before Cyprus adopted the euro in 2008. The Cyprus pound had been the island's currency since 1879 under British administration and remained so after independence in 1960. All Cyprus pound banknotes were withdrawn from circulation on January 31, 2008, when Cyprus became the 13th country to adopt the euro. The 1997 series emphasized Cypriot cultural heritage through depictions of traditional costumes, crafts, and village life.


country: Cuba
currency: CUP
denomination: 5
series_name: Peso Convertible series
series_year: 2013
series_range: 2013–present
issue_year: 2013
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2021
successor_currency: Cuban Peso (CUP unified)
issuer: Banco Central de Cuba
issuer_native: Banco Central de Cuba
signatures: Presidente del Banco: [signature present, name illegible]
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a76a,#c97a5f,#4a5d4f
reverse_subject: Protesta de Baraguá
themes: military,commemorative,statesman
commemorative_occasion: Protesta de Baraguá (Baraguá Protest of 1878)
pick_number: FX48
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
front_description:
  The Monumento a Antonio Maceo in Havana, a memorial to Antonio Maceo Grajales (1845–1896), one of the most prominent Cuban independence leaders and military strategists during the Ten Years' War and the War of Independence. The monument honours his role in the Protesta de Baraguá (Baraguá Protest) of March 15, 1878, when Maceo refused to accept the Pact of Zanjón that ended the Ten Years' War without achieving Cuban independence. The note prominently features 'pesos convertibles', indicating this is a Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) note from the dual-currency system that operated 1994–2021.

back_description:
  The Protesta de Baraguá (Baraguá Protest) scene depicting Antonio Maceo and independence fighters refusing the Pact of Zanjón in 1878. This historical episode represents Cuban revolutionary determination and Maceo's uncompromising stance on independence from Spain. The scene shows Maceo with armed insurgents and the Cuban flag, symbolizing continued resistance. The text 'PROTESTA DE BARAGUA' explicitly identifies the subject.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) series introduced in 2013. The CUC was part of Cuba's dual-currency system (1994–2021), initially pegged 1:1 to the US dollar and used alongside the Cuban Peso (CUP). The convertible peso was gradually withdrawn starting in 2020 and fully demonetized by 2021 as Cuba moved to currency unification. The 5 CUC denomination honors Antonio Maceo and the Protesta de Baraguá, a pivotal moment in Cuban independence history. The series features revolutionary and independence heroes, consistent with Cuban numismatic tradition of commemorating national liberation struggles.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: 1993 series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 128x64
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#6a8db3,#4a5c7a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: Crown of Bohemia and Czech coat of arms
themes: monarch,statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 until his death. He was the second king from the Přemyslid dynasty and secured the royal hereditary title for his family through the Golden Bull of Sicily (1212), making Bohemia a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. Behind his portrait is a medieval seal showing a ruler enthroned, likely representing the historic seal of the Bohemian kingdom. The note displays 'DVACET KORUN ČESKÝCH' (Twenty Czech Crowns) and the issuer 'ČESKÁ NÁRODNÍ BANKA' with the year 1994.

back_description:
  The Crown of Bohemia (also known as St. Wenceslas Crown), created in 1346 for Charles IV and used for coronations of Bohemian kings. The crown features a distinctive cross on top and is adorned with precious stones. Below it is the coat of arms of the Czech Republic, showing the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian eagle (upper right), and the Silesian eagle (lower left). The inscription reads 'PADĚLÁNÍ BANKOVEK SE TRESTÁ PODLE ZÁKONA' (Counterfeiting banknotes is punishable by law).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of banknotes issued by the Czech National Bank after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The 1993 series was introduced to replace the Czechoslovak koruna and establish the new Czech koruna (CZK). This particular note from 1994 features the signature series designation and was printed by the State Printing Works (Státní tiskárna cenin) in Prague. The series remained in circulation until being gradually replaced by newer designs in the 2000s, with this 20 koruna denomination officially withdrawn around 2008.


country: Cyprus
currency: CYP
denomination: 5
series_name: 1997 Series
series_range: 1997–2004
issue_year: 1997
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2008-01-31
successor_currency: Euro
issuer: Central Bank of Cyprus
issuer_native: ΚΕΝΤΡΙΚΗ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ
signatures: Governor: unidentified; Director: unidentified
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x75
watermark: Head of Aphrodite in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #a0735a,#8b4d5a,#d4c8a7
portrait_subject: Aphrodite
reverse_subject: Panagia Angeloktisti Church
themes: mythology,architecture,religion
pick_number: P-62
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Greek, Latin
languages: el,tr,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:18
front_description:
  Head of Aphrodite from a 1st century BCE marble sculpture discovered at Soli archaeological site in Cyprus. Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty, was particularly venerated in Cyprus where legend placed her birth from sea foam at Paphos. The marble head is one of the most celebrated archaeological finds from Cyprus and has become an iconic symbol of Cypriot cultural heritage. The note features the coat of arms of Cyprus (dove over olive branches) and bilingual inscriptions in Greek and Turkish.

back_description:
  Panagia Angeloktisti ("Built by Angels") Church in Kiti village near Larnaca, an 11th-century Byzantine church built over the ruins of an earlier 6th-century basilica. The church is renowned for its exceptionally well-preserved 6th-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Child in the apse, one of the finest examples of early Byzantine mosaic art in Cyprus. The building features characteristic Byzantine domes and a later-added Latin bell tower, reflecting Cyprus's complex religious and cultural history.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1997 series of Cyprus pounds issued by the Central Bank of Cyprus, the final series before Cyprus adopted the euro on 1 January 2008. The Cyprus pound (divided into 100 cents) had been the island's currency since 1879 under British rule, continuing after independence in 1960. This series featured archaeological and architectural heritage of Cyprus, emphasizing the island's ancient Greek cultural connections and its Byzantine Christian legacy. The bilingual Greek-Turkish inscriptions reflected the Republic of Cyprus's constitutional recognition of both communities, though the series was issued during the post-1974 division. All Cyprus pound notes were exchangeable until 31 December 2009 and demonetized on 31 January 2010.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: First series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993-1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin Praha
engraver: O. Kulhánek (front), V. Fajt (back)
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, watermark, see_through_register
color_palette: #a8c5d8,#e8dcc0,#5a7a8f
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: St. Wenceslas Crown
themes: monarch, statesman, architecture
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:50
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:42:50
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198, who secured the elevation of Bohemia to a kingdom and obtained the hereditary royal title through the Golden Bull of Sicily in 1212. He strengthened Czech statehood and expanded Bohemian territory, making the kingdom one of the most powerful states in Central Europe. The note features the Royal Seal of Přemysl Otakar I from 1230, showing the king enthroned, which represents one of the oldest Czech state symbols.

back_description:
  The St. Wenceslas Crown (Svatováclavská koruna), the Bohemian coronation crown commissioned by Charles IV in 1347 for his coronation as King of Bohemia. It is one of the oldest preserved European royal crowns, decorated with 19 sapphires, 44 spinels, 1 ruby, 30 emeralds, and 20 pearls. The note also displays the coat of arms of the Czech Republic with its four quarters representing Bohemia (double-tailed lion), Moravia (chequered eagle), and Silesia (black eagle on gold).

historical_notes:
  First series of Czech koruna banknotes issued following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993 and the establishment of the independent Czech Republic. This 20 koruna note was part of the initial issue dated 1993 but with this specific 1994 series year variant. The series was designed by Czech artists and featured historical Czech rulers. These notes were gradually withdrawn from circulation between 1999 and 2008 as they were replaced by newer series with enhanced security features. The printer notation 'Státní tiskárna cenin, Praha' identifies the State Printing Works of Securities in Prague.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: 1993–1999 series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Guvernér: Josef Tošovský
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin, Praha
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 134x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,uv
color_palette: #d4c5a8,#7ba6c7,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: St. Wenceslas Crown
themes: monarch,statesman
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:19
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 until his death. He secured hereditary royal status for the Bohemian throne and the Golden Bull of Sicily in 1212, establishing Bohemia as a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. The note features the royal seal of Bohemia with St. Wenceslas at center left, with ornamental Czech folk motifs in the background.

back_description:
  St. Wenceslas Crown (Svatováclavská koruna), the coronation crown of the Kingdom of Bohemia, created in 1346 for Charles IV and used for Czech coronations. The crown incorporates gold, precious stones and Gothic styling, topped with a cross and featuring a circular seal medallion. The Czech coat of arms (four historical Czech lands) appears at center right.

historical_notes:
  Part of the first series issued by the Czech National Bank following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993. The 1993–1999 series depicted historical Bohemian rulers and symbols of Czech statehood. This 20 korun note was designed by Oldřich Kulhánek and entered circulation in 1994. It was withdrawn from circulation in 2008 as part of the modernization of Czech banknotes, though it remained legal tender until then. The note features traditional Czech ornamental patterns and historical motifs emphasizing continuity with medieval Bohemian sovereignty.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First Czech koruna series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2011-12-31
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Česká národní banka
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: Josef Tošovský
printer: De La Rue and Company Ltd
engraver: M. Ondráček
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x69
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4789,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Saint Agnes of Bohemia
reverse_subject: Saint Wenceslas Crown with Czech coat of arms
themes: religion,monarchy,commemorative
pick_number: P-1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:19
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:22
front_description:
  Saint Agnes of Bohemia (1211–1282), Czech princess of the Přemyslid dynasty, founder of the Hospital of Saint Francis and the first Poor Clare convent in Prague, canonized in 1989. Daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, she rejected multiple royal marriage proposals to pursue religious life and charitable work. She appears with the Flaming Heart emblem and ornamental Gothic patterns. The Sacred Heart with flames symbolizes her devotion and spiritual life.

back_description:
  The Saint Wenceslas Crown (Svatováclavská koruna), the Bohemian coronation crown created for Charles IV in 1347, one of the oldest preserved European royal crowns and part of the Czech Crown Jewels. The crown sits atop a large decorative letter 'A' for Agnes (Anežka in Czech), flanked by the coat of arms of the Czech Republic showing the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion, Moravian eagle, and Silesian eagle.

historical_notes:
  First series of the independent Czech koruna issued after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The Czech Republic retained the koruna currency name but issued entirely new designs. This 50 korun note was part of the inaugural series featuring historical and religious figures from Czech history. Saint Agnes was chosen to honor her canonization in 1989, shortly before the Velvet Revolution. The series was gradually replaced by polymer notes and this denomination was withdrawn from circulation effective December 31, 2011.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: First series Czech koruna
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993–present
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
successor_currency: Czech koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: signature visible but name illegible from image
printer: State Printing Works Prague
engraver: Oldřich Kulhánek
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 134x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4c9a8,#7a9bb8,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: St. Wenceslas Crown and Czech coat of arms
themes: monarch,statesman,medieval,heraldry
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:20
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:00
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 to 1230, who secured the hereditary right of the Přemyslid dynasty to the Bohemian throne and obtained the Golden Bull of Sicily in 1212, making Bohemia a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. His reign marked a significant expansion of royal power and territorial consolidation. The note features the royal seal of Přemysl Otakar I at center left, showing the enthroned king.

back_description:
  The St. Wenceslas Crown (Czech Crown Jewels), the coronation crown of Bohemian kings commissioned by Charles IV in 1346 for his coronation, featuring a cross at its apex and decorated with precious stones. The crown is shown alongside the Czech coat of arms displaying the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion, Moravian eagle, and Silesian eagle. The crown jewels are kept in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague Castle.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of Czech koruna banknotes issued following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993, and the establishment of the independent Czech Republic. The 1994-dated issue was part of the initial currency system that replaced the Czechoslovak koruna. These notes were withdrawn from circulation in 2008 and replaced by a newer series with enhanced security features. The denomination depicts medieval Czech rulers and symbols, emphasizing historical continuity and national identity.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First series (Czechoslovak koruna transition)
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1994
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1994
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
successor_currency: Czech koruna (second series)
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: Kubánek
printer: unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
watermark: Portrait of Saint Agnes of Bohemia in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4e4e,#f5e9d3
portrait_subject: Saint Agnes of Bohemia
reverse_subject: Czech coat of arms and open book
themes: religion,statesman,mythology
pick_number: 1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:23
front_description:
  Saint Agnes of Bohemia (Svatá Anežka Česká, 1211–1282), princess of Bohemia, daughter of King Ottokar I, and founder of the Hospital of St. Francis and the Order of the Crusaders with the Red Star in Prague. She devoted her life to charitable work and the care of the sick, declining marriage proposals from European royalty including Emperor Frederick II. She was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1989, shortly before the Velvet Revolution, and became a symbol of Czech national and spiritual identity. The Sacred Heart emblem appears at center, representing her religious devotion.

back_description:
  The Czech coat of arms (quartered shield with the Bohemian lion, Moravian eagle, and Silesian eagle) alongside an open book symbolizing knowledge and education. The ornate letter 'A' at center references Saint Agnes (Anežka in Czech). The inscription 'VE TŘESTA RODIE ZAKONA' (In the third year of the law) appears at bottom, referring to the legal framework of the newly independent Czech Republic following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series issued by the newly independent Czech Republic following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993 (the 'Velvet Divorce'). These notes were created by overprinting or modifying Czechoslovak currency designs as an emergency measure while new Czech currency was designed. The 50 korun denomination featuring Saint Agnes was issued in 1993 and quickly replaced by a second series in 1994. Saint Agnes was chosen as a unifying symbol—her 1989 canonization had been seen as providential timing just before the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule. This transitional series circulated only briefly during the critical first year of Czech independence.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First series Czech koruna
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2011-04-01
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: Josef Tošovský
printer: State Printing Works Prague
engraver: M. Ondráček
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x69
watermark: Portrait of St. Agnes of Bohemia in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,latent_image,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4545,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: St. Agnes of Bohemia
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of the Czech Republic
themes: religion,statesman,commemorative
pick_number: 1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:53
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:43:53
front_description:
  St. Agnes of Bohemia (Svatá Anežka Česká, c. 1211–1282), daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia and a Poor Clare nun who founded the first hospital in Prague and the Order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star. She was canonized in 1989, shortly before the Velvet Revolution, and became a powerful symbol of Czech national and spiritual identity. The Sacred Heart with flames appears as a devotional emblem above the text.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of the Czech Republic, featuring the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian eagle (upper right), and the Silesian eagle (lower left). Below, an open book and stylized architectural motif referencing medieval Czech manuscripts and Gothic architecture, reflecting the cultural and religious heritage associated with St. Agnes.

historical_notes:
  This note is from the first series of the Czech koruna, issued on 8 February 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993. The series was designed to establish a distinct Czech national identity and featured prominent historical and religious figures. The 50-koruna note honors St. Agnes of Bohemia, whose canonization in 1989 was seen as a spiritual catalyst for the peaceful revolution. The note was withdrawn from circulation on 1 April 2011 when a new polymer series replaced the original paper notes. The printer imprint 'S ONDRÁČEK INV.' (designer) and 'M. ONDRÁČEK SC.' (engraver) appear on the front.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First koruna series
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Česká národní banka
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: Josef Tošovský
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin
engraver: M. Ondráček
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x74
watermark: Portrait of St. Anežka Česká in clear field
security_features: thread,intaglio,microprint,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4c4c,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: St. Anežka Česká
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of the Czech Republic
themes: statesman,religion,architecture
pick_number: P-1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:29
front_description:
  St. Anežka Česká (Agnes of Bohemia, c. 1211–1282), princess of the Přemyslid dynasty who founded a hospital and the Order of the Crusaders with the Red Star in Prague. She renounced royal marriage proposals to devote herself to religious life and caring for the poor; canonized in 1989, she is a patron saint of the Czech Republic. The denomination appears at left with a stylized heart motif representing her charitable works, and the text 'PADESÁT KORUN ČESKÝCH' (Fifty Czech Crowns) with issuer 'ČESKÁ NÁRODNÍ BANKA' at center.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of the Czech Republic, featuring four heraldic quarters: the Bohemian lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian eagle (upper right), and the Silesian eagle (lower left). The geometric design incorporates stylized architectural elements and decorative patterns in Art Nouveau style. This design emphasizes the historical lands that compose the Czech Republic and was adopted in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

historical_notes:
  First koruna series issued by the newly independent Czech Republic following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The 50 korun note was dated 1993 and featured St. Anežka Česká, symbolizing the nation's spiritual heritage and commitment to humanitarian values. This series was replaced starting in 1994 with updated designs, and the 1993-dated notes were gradually withdrawn. Designer M. Ondráček created the engraved portrait; the series was produced by Státní tiskárna cenin (State Printing Works of Securities).


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First series of Czech koruna
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1997
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1997
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
printer: De La Rue and Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x69
watermark: Portrait of Saint Anežka in clear field
security_features: thread, microprint, intaglio, see_through_register
color_palette: #e8d5c8,#d4849c,#8b4a5a
portrait_subject: Saint Anežka of Bohemia
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Czech Republic
themes: statesman,religion,monarchy
pick_number: P-1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:23
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:23
front_description:
  Saint Anežka of Bohemia (Agnes of Bohemia, 1211–1282), daughter of King Přemysl Ottokar I of Bohemia and princess who became a Poor Clare nun. She founded a hospital and monastery in Prague, declined marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and devoted herself to charitable works. She was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1989, shortly before the Velvet Revolution, making her a symbol of Czech spiritual heritage and national identity during the transition to independence. The note features the Sacred Heart symbol and text 'PADESÁT KORUN ČESKÝCH' (Fifty Czech Crowns) with 'ČESKÁ NÁRODNÍ BANKA' (Czech National Bank), dated 1993.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of the Czech Republic featuring the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian eagle (upper right), and the Silesian eagle (lower left). The design includes decorative Gothic architectural elements and ornamental patterns referencing medieval Czech art and architecture. The inscription reads 'SE TRESTÁ PODLE ZÁKONA' (Counterfeiting is punished by law) and 'PADESÁT BANKOVEK' (Fifty banknotes).

historical_notes:
  This 50 koruna note belongs to the first series of the Czech koruna issued in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993 (the Velvet Divorce). The new currency replaced the Czechoslovak koruna at par. This series featured Saint Anežka, who had been canonized in 1989—a powerful symbol during the peaceful transition. The note was designed by Oldřich Kulhánek and printed by De La Rue. This series was withdrawn and replaced by a modified series starting in 1994–1997 with enhanced security features.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 50
series_name: First series of the Czech koruna
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2011-04-01
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
printer: Thomas De La Rue and Company Limited
engraver: M. Ondráček
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x74
watermark: St. Agnes motif in clear field at left
security_features: watermark,thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#f5e6d3,#8b4545
portrait_subject: St. Agnes of Bohemia
reverse_subject: Czech coat of arms and heraldic lion
themes: religion,statesman,indigenous_culture,commemorative
pick_number: P-1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:24
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:24
front_description:
  St. Agnes of Bohemia (1211–1282), Czech princess, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, who rejected marriage proposals from European royalty to found a hospital and the Order of the Poor Clares in Prague. She was canonized in 1989. The inscription 'SVATÁ ANEŽKA ČESKÁ' identifies her. She appears wearing a nun's habit with a heart motif symbolizing charity and devotion. This note was issued by the Czech National Bank in 1993, the year of Czechoslovakia's peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

back_description:
  The Czech coat of arms featuring the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian eagle (upper right), and the Silesian eagle (lower left). The design includes a decorative letter 'A' at center, referencing St. Agnes (Anežka in Czech). The phrase 'VE TŘECH ROZENÍ ZKRONA' appears, meaning 'In the three countries, one crown,' referencing the historical Czech lands of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia.

historical_notes:
  This 50 korun note belongs to the first series issued by the newly independent Czech Republic following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The series (1993–1999) featured Czech saints and historical figures. This denomination honors St. Agnes of Bohemia, who was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1989 shortly before the Velvet Revolution. The note was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on April 1, 2011. Printed by Thomas De La Rue in England, it was designed by Oldřich Kulhánek with engraving by M. Ondráček.


country: Czechoslovakia
currency: Czechoslovak koruna
denomination: 50
series_name: First issue of independent Czech Republic
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993–1993
issue_year: 1993
era: 1990_present
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1994
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
successor_currency: Czech koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká Národní Banka
signatures: Governor: J. Verner
printer: unknown
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 154x69
watermark: Sacred Heart emblem with flames in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4a5a5,#8b4d4d,#f5e6d3
portrait_subject: Saint Anežka Česká (Saint Agnes of Bohemia)
reverse_subject: Coat of arms of Czech Republic
themes: religion,monarch,indigenous_culture
commemorative_occasion: Formation of independent Czech Republic following dissolution of Czechoslovakia
pick_number: 1a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:58
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:44:58
front_description:
  Saint Anežka Česká (Saint Agnes of Bohemia, 1211–1282), daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia and Queen Constance of Hungary, who founded a hospital and convent in Prague, declining marriage proposals from European royalty to devote herself to charitable works. She was canonized in 1989. The Sacred Heart emblem appears at center left with flames, a symbol associated with her religious devotion and the Poor Clares order she established in Bohemia. This was the first banknote series issued by the newly independent Czech Republic after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of the Czech Republic featuring the quartered shield with the Bohemian Lion (upper left and lower right), the Moravian Eagle (upper right), and the Silesian Eagle (lower left). The arms are displayed on an open book, symbolizing law and learning, with decorative elements representing Czech national identity and statehood. The text 'SE TŘESTA PODLE ZÁKONA' (punishable according to law) appears as an anti-counterfeiting warning.

historical_notes:
  This 50 korun note was part of the emergency currency issued in early 1993 immediately following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on January 1, 1993. Existing Czechoslovak banknotes were overstamped with Czech validation stamps. This note carries the date '1993' and was a transitional issue, quickly replaced by new Czech koruna series later in 1993-1994 as the Czech National Bank established its own currency. The choice of Saint Agnes reflected Czech national and religious heritage, and her recent canonization in 1989 during the Velvet Revolution period made her a particularly resonant figure for the newly independent nation.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: 1993–1994 series
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993–2008
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Guvernér: [signature present but name illegible]
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin, Praha
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,latent_image
color_palette: #8b9db8,#d4c5a0,#4a5f7a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: Crown of Saint Wenceslas and coat of arms of Czech Republic
themes: monarch,statesman,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:27
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:27
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 until his death, who secured the hereditary royal title for the Přemyslid dynasty and transformed Bohemia into a major Central European power. He obtained the Golden Bull of Sicily in 1212, making the Kingdom of Bohemia's sovereignty permanent within the Holy Roman Empire. Behind the portrait is the royal seal of Přemysl Otakar I showing him enthroned with regalia.

back_description:
  The Crown of Saint Wenceslas (Czech Crown Jewels), created for Charles IV's coronation in 1347 and one of the oldest surviving royal crowns in Europe, shown alongside the coat of arms of the Czech Republic featuring the quartered arms with the Bohemian lion, Moravian eagle, and Silesian eagle. The crown symbolizes Czech statehood and is kept in Prague Castle's Crown Chamber.

historical_notes:
  This 20 koruna note belongs to the first series issued by the independent Czech Republic following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993. The 1993–1994 series replaced the Czechoslovak koruna and featured Czech historical rulers. These notes were gradually withdrawn starting in 2008 with the introduction of new security-enhanced designs. Designed by Oldřich Kulhánek and printed by the State Printing Works of Securities in Prague.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: First series of Czech koruna
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993–1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 1999
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Governor: Josef Tošovský
printer: Státní tiskárna cenin Praha
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 148x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #a8c5d9,#e8dcc8,#1a2e4a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: Crown of Bohemia and coat of arms
themes: monarch,statesman,architecture
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:28
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:28
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 to 1230, who secured hereditary kingship for the Přemyslid dynasty and made Bohemia a powerful kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. He is honoured on this note as the first king to establish the Czech lands as a recognized kingdom. The seal visible on the left shows a royal figure, representing early Czech statehood under Přemyslid rule.

back_description:
  The Crown of Bohemia (also known as the Crown of Saint Wenceslas), created in 1346 for Charles IV's coronation as King of Bohemia, alongside the quartered coat of arms of the Czech Republic showing the historical lions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The crown is one of the oldest surviving coronation crowns in Europe and represents Czech sovereignty and the continuity of Czech statehood from medieval times.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of Czech koruna banknotes issued following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The 20 korun note was first issued in 1994 and remained in circulation until 1999, when it was replaced by a modified design. This series emphasized Czech historical figures and national symbols to establish the identity of the newly independent Czech Republic. The printer, Státní tiskárna cenin (State Printing Works of Securities), produced all notes in this series domestically.


country: Czech Republic
currency: CZK
denomination: 20
series_name: First series of the Czech koruna
series_year: 1994
series_range: 1993-1999
issue_year: 1994
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2008
predecessor_currency: Czechoslovak koruna
issuer: Czech National Bank
issuer_native: Česká národní banka
signatures: Guvernér: Vicham
printer: State Printing Works, Prague
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 138x69
watermark: Portrait of Přemysl Otakar I in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #5c7a99,#d4c8a8,#1a1a1a
portrait_subject: Přemysl Otakar I
reverse_subject: Czech royal crown and coat of arms
themes: monarch,statesman
pick_number: P-10a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:29
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:45:29
front_description:
  Přemysl Otakar I (c. 1155–1230), King of Bohemia from 1198 to 1230, who secured the hereditary nature of the Bohemian throne and obtained the Golden Bull of Sicily (1212) from Emperor Frederick II, making Bohemia a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. He is depicted alongside the royal seal of Přemysl Otakar I showing the seated king, along with decorative heraldic elements. The note bears the text 'DVACET KORUN ČESKÝCH' (Twenty Czech Korunas) and 'ČESKÁ NÁRODNÍ BANKA' (Czech National Bank), with year 1994.

back_description:
  The Czech royal crown (St. Wenceslas Crown) with cross surmounting, flanked by decorative elements and the coat of arms of the Czech Republic featuring the quartered shield with the Bohemian lion, Moravian eagle, and Silesian eagle. The crown was made for Charles IV in 1346 and is used at coronations of Czech kings and queens. The inscription reads 'PADĚLÁNÍ BANKOVEK SE TRESTÁ PODLE ZÁKONA' (Counterfeiting banknotes is punishable by law).

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the first series of the independent Czech koruna, issued after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. The 1994 series replaced the provisional stamp-overprinted Czechoslovak notes. This 20 korun denomination featuring Přemysl Otakar I was designed by Oldřich Kulhánek and engraved by V. Fajt. The series was withdrawn and replaced by more secure designs beginning in the early 2000s, with this particular note demonetized in 2008.


country: Czechoslovakia
currency: Czechoslovak koruna
denomination: 5
series_name: Issue of 1961
series_year: 1961
series_range: 1961-1970
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1993-02-08
successor_currency: Czech koruna / Slovak koruna
issuer: State Bank of Czechoslovakia
issuer_native: Státovka Československé Socialistické Republiky
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 121x64
security_features: intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #9db88f,#e8dfc4,#6b7a5f
reverse_subject: Agricultural motifs with wheat and hops
themes: agriculture
pick_number: P-80a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: cs,sk
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:04
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:04
front_description:
  State note of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, 5 korun denomination. The ornate design features elaborate guilloche patterns framing the denomination in both Czech ('PĚT KORUN ČESKOSLOVENSKÝCH') and Slovak ('PÄŤ KORÚN ČESKOSLOVENSKÝCH'). The inscriptions at top read 'STÁTOVKA ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ SOCIALISTICKÉ REPUBLIKY' in both language variants. At the bottom, the text 'PADĚLÁNÍ SE TRESTÁ' (counterfeiting is punishable) appears on the left and 'FALŠOVANIE SA TRESĆE' on the right, with the year 1961 in the center. This design represents the socialist-era currency of unified Czechoslovakia, issued from 1961 until the monetary reform of 1970.

back_description:
  Agricultural motifs symbolizing Czechoslovak agriculture during the socialist period. The design features stylized wheat stalks and hop plants within an ornate frame, representing the country's agricultural production. The inscription 'ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ SOCIALISTICKÁ REPUBLIKA' appears at top. Text at bottom in both Czech and Slovak warns against counterfeiting and states that the banknotes are legal tender marked for payment by all state organizations and individuals. This agricultural imagery reflects the emphasis on collective farming and agricultural development in communist Czechoslovakia.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the 1961 issue of Czechoslovak koruny, issued by the State Bank of Czechoslovakia during the communist period. The series was introduced following the 1953 currency reform and remained in circulation until the 1970 monetary reform, when it was replaced by the 1970 series at a 1:1 ratio. The bilingual nature of the note reflects the federal structure of Czechoslovakia, with text in both Czech and Slovak. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993, all Czechoslovak banknotes were demonetized on February 8, 1993, replaced by separate Czech and Slovak currencies. The 5 korun note was among the smallest denominations and is now common among collectors of Eastern European currency.


country: Dominican Republic
currency: DOP
denomination: 10
series_name: Peso Oro series
series_year: 2001
series_range: 2001–2004
issue_year: 2001
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2004
issuer: Banco Central de la República Dominicana
printer: De La Rue
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Matías Ramón Mella in clear field at left
security_features: thread,microprint,see_through_register,latent_image,intaglio
color_palette: #d4af37,#9acd32,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Matías Ramón Mella
reverse_subject: Altar de la Patria
themes: statesman,military,architecture,commemorative
pick_number: 168a
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
front_description:
  Matías Ramón Mella (1816–1864), Dominican military leader and one of the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic. Along with Juan Pablo Duarte and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, he formed the secret society La Trinitaria and fired the famous trabucazo (blunderbuss shot) at the Puerta de la Misericordia on February 27, 1844, signaling the beginning of Dominican independence from Haiti. He served as President of the Republic in 1864 and is honored as one of the three liberators of the nation.

back_description:
  Altar de la Patria (Altar of the Homeland) in Santo Domingo, a white marble mausoleum built between 1948 and 1976 to house the remains of the three Founding Fathers: Juan Pablo Duarte, Matías Ramón Mella, and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez. The monument, designed by Italian sculptor Giovanni Turini, stands as the most sacred national memorial of the Dominican Republic and is guarded by an honor guard 24 hours a day. The inscription reads 'ALTAR DE LA PATRIA'.

historical_notes:
  Part of the Peso Oro series issued by the Banco Central de la República Dominicana beginning in 2001, representing a modernized design with enhanced security features. This series preceded the introduction of polymer notes in 2009. The 10 pesos oro denomination was a common circulating note during this period, featuring the nation's founding fathers on various denominations. This note bears the series year 2001 and was printed by De La Rue, the British security printer that has produced currency for numerous countries worldwide.


country: Dominican Republic
currency: Peso Oro
denomination: 5
series_name: Series 1993
series_year: 1993
series_range: 1993-2000
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2000
issuer: Banco Central de la República Dominicana
signatures: Gobernador del Banco Central; Secretaria de Estado de Finanzas
printer: United States Banknote Corporation
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic in clear field at center-left
security_features: watermark,microprint,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #8b4513,#f5deb3,#654321
portrait_subject: Juan Pablo Duarte
reverse_subject: Hydroelectric dam and irrigation infrastructure
themes: statesman,infrastructure,agriculture,industry
pick_number: 152
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
front_description:
  Juan Pablo Duarte (1813–1876), Dominican military leader, writer, and activist who is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic. He founded the secret society La Trinitaria in 1838 to fight for Dominican independence from Haiti, which was achieved in 1844. Duarte is among the most revered figures in Dominican history and is honoured as the architect of the nation's independence. The front also features the coat of arms of the Dominican Republic at center, flanked by stylized guilloche patterns, with serial number E358743M appearing twice.

back_description:
  Hydroelectric dam and irrigation infrastructure, depicting the Tavera Dam (Presa de Tavera) or similar hydroelectric and irrigation installation, representing the Dominican Republic's commitment to agricultural development and electrification. The scene shows a concrete dam structure with spillway gates, transmission towers, and the surrounding mountainous landscape with a reservoir, symbolizing the nation's investment in infrastructure and economic development during the late 20th century.

historical_notes:
  This 5 Pesos Oro note is from the Series 1993, issued by the Banco Central de la República Dominicana during a period of economic modernization. The Peso Oro (gold peso) was the official currency of the Dominican Republic from 1947 onwards. The 1993 series featured prominent national heroes and infrastructure themes, emphasizing both historical heritage and modern development. These notes were printed by the United States Banknote Corporation and remained in circulation until approximately 2000, when newer series with enhanced security features were introduced. The denomination commemorates Duarte alongside representations of the country's development achievements.


country: Netherlands Indies
currency: Nederlandsch-Indische Gulden
denomination: 50 Cent
series_name: NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) issue
series_year: 1943
series_range: 1943–1946
issue_year: 1943
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1950
predecessor_currency: Netherlands Indies Gulden (pre-occupation)
successor_currency: Indonesian Rupiah
issuer: Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
printer: American Bank Note Company
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 140x70
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b4513,#daa520,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
themes: monarch,colonial
pick_number: S115
rarity_tier: scarce
language_script: Latin
languages: nl,id
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:34
signatures:
  De Waarnemend Gouverneur Generaal van Nederlandsch-Indië: Sio Moek; De Javasche Bank: [signature present]

front_description:
  Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (1880–1962), who reigned from 1890 to 1948 and led the Dutch government-in-exile during World War II. This note was issued by the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) following the Allied liberation of the Dutch East Indies from Japanese occupation in 1943–1945. The front also features the crowned Dutch royal arms (lion rampant with sword and arrows) at left, with text identifying this as legal tender under Royal Decree of 2 March 1943, No. 1 STBL. D8.

back_description:
  Legal text in Dutch and Malay (Javanese-influenced) warning of penalties under Articles 244, 245, and 249 of the Criminal Code for counterfeiting, possessing, or circulating forged banknotes. The denomination '50 CENT' appears in an ornate guilloche frame at center.

historical_notes:
  This NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) 50 cent note was part of an emergency currency series printed in the United States by American Bank Note Company for use in liberated areas of the Netherlands East Indies during and immediately after World War II. Issued under Royal Decree of 2 March 1943, these notes were introduced as Allied forces retook territory from Japanese occupation. The NICA currency circulated from 1943 until Indonesian independence was achieved in 1949–1950, when it was replaced by the Indonesian Rupiah. These notes represent a transitional period between colonial rule and Indonesian sovereignty.


country: Eastern Caribbean States
currency: XCD
denomination: 5
series_name: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank series
series_range: 1993–present
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
predecessor_currency: British West Indies dollar
issuer: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
signatures: Governor: K. Dwight Venner
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in clear field at right
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio,see_through_register,raised_print
color_palette: #c8a2c8,#90ee90,#f5deb3
portrait_subject: Queen Elizabeth II
reverse_subject: Admiral's House, Antigua and Barbuda; Trafalgar Falls, Dominica
themes: monarch,architecture,wildlife
pick_number: 42
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:36
updated_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:36
front_description:
  Queen Elizabeth II, monarch of the United Kingdom and Head of State of the Eastern Caribbean States. The note features her official portrait wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara and a pearl necklace. The design incorporates Caribbean marine life including a sea turtle, tropical fish, and coral reef imagery, reflecting the region's natural maritime heritage. The denomination is prominently displayed with the text 'EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK' and the legal tender statement.

back_description:
  Admiral's House in Antigua and Barbuda, a historic Georgian colonial building constructed in the 1780s that served as the offices and residence for senior officers of the Royal Navy Dockyard; and Trafalgar Falls in Dominica (noted as 'W1048'1' and '332N 6021'), a twin waterfall system located in Morne Trois Pitons National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The back also features a map showing the member territories of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank: Anguilla, St. Christopher & Nevis, Antigua & Barbuda, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, and Grenada.

historical_notes:
  The Eastern Caribbean dollar is the official currency of eight member states of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), managed by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank headquartered in Saint Kitts and Nevis. This banknote series was introduced in 1993 and continues in circulation, maintaining the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II across all denominations. The currency has been pegged to the US dollar at 2.70 XCD = 1 USD since 1976. Governor K. Dwight Venner served from 1989 to 2015, making him one of the longest-serving central bank governors in the world. The design celebrates the shared cultural heritage and natural beauty of the Eastern Caribbean region.


country: Ecuador
currency: Sucre
denomination: 10
series_name: Serie LN
series_year: 1986
series_range: 1981–1989
issue_year: 1986
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 2000
successor_currency: United States Dollar
issuer: Banco Central del Ecuador
issuer_native: Banco Central del Ecuador
signatures: Gerente General: signature illegible; Superintendente de Bancos: signature illegible
printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company, Limited
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 156x67
watermark: Portrait of Sebastián de Belalcázar in clear field
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7355,#2f4f4f
portrait_subject: Sebastián de Belalcázar
reverse_subject: Coat of Arms of Ecuador
themes: statesman,military
pick_number: 121
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin
languages: es
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 16:46:56
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:09
front_description:
  Sebastián de Belalcázar (c. 1479–1551), Spanish conquistador who founded the cities of Quito (1534) and Popayán, and explored much of what is now Ecuador and Colombia. As lieutenant to Francisco Pizarro during the conquest of the Inca Empire, he played a major role in establishing Spanish colonial rule in northern South America; his portrait appears in period armor with a plumed helmet, representing the colonial founding era of Ecuador.

back_description:
  The coat of arms of Ecuador, adopted in its current form in 1900, featuring a condor with spread wings above an oval shield. The shield depicts Mount Chimborazo with the Guayas River below, four signs of the zodiac representing the memorable months of the March Revolution of 1845, a sun, and national symbols including flags and fasces. The condor represents power and might, while the shield's central image of Chimborazo, Ecuador's highest peak, symbolizes the nation's geographic identity.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of Ecuador's later Sucre series issued in the 1980s during a period of economic instability and inflation. The Ecuadorian Sucre (named after independence leader Antonio José de Sucre) served as national currency from 1884 until 2000, when Ecuador adopted the US Dollar following a severe banking crisis and currency collapse in 1999. The Serie LN designation indicates a specific printing series within the broader issue. The April 29, 1986 date marks this as one of the dated issues from the mid-1980s economic period.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 20
series_name: 1976-1978 Issue
series_range: 1976-1978
era: 1946_1989
legal_status: demonetized
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 165x80
watermark: Tutankhamun mask in clear field
security_features: watermark,intaglio
color_palette: #d4a574,#8b7355,#556b2f
portrait_subject: Tutankhamun
reverse_subject: Mosque of Muhammad Ali
themes: monarch,architecture,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-48
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin,Arabic
languages: en,ar
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:07:57
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:07:57
front_description:
  Pharaoh Tutankhamun (ruled c. 1332–1323 BCE), the young Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty whose intact tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in 1922, making him one of the most famous pharaohs in history. The note depicts an ancient Egyptian chariot scene with hieroglyphics and traditional motifs, celebrating Egypt's pharaonic heritage.

back_description:
  The Mosque of Muhammad Ali (also known as the Alabaster Mosque), built 1830-1848 on the Citadel of Cairo. Commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha, ruler of Egypt and Sudan, this Ottoman-style mosque with its distinctive domes and minarets is one of Cairo's most iconic landmarks and a symbol of 19th-century Egyptian modernization.

historical_notes:
  Part of the 1976-1978 Issue by the Central Bank of Egypt, this series featured ancient Egyptian themes on the obverse and Islamic architectural landmarks on the reverse, representing Egypt's dual heritage. The 20 pound note was a high-value denomination during this period. These notes were eventually replaced by later series as Egypt updated its currency designs through the 1980s and 1990s.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 10
issue_year: 2012
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
signatures: Governor: Hisham Ramez
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 150x70
watermark: Tutankhamun death mask in clear field at center
security_features: thread,microprint,watermark,see_through_register
color_palette: #d4af7a,#8b4949,#4a7c59
portrait_subject: Tutankhamun
reverse_subject: Al-Azhar Mosque
themes: statesman,architecture,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 64
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Latin, Arabic
languages: en,ar
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:07:59
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:18:15
front_description:
  Tutankhamun (c. 1341–1323 BCE), the boy pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty whose intact tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922 became one of archaeology's greatest finds. His golden funerary mask is among the most iconic symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization and appears frequently on Egyptian banknotes as a representation of national heritage.

back_description:
  Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo, founded in 970 CE during the Fatimid Caliphate and one of the oldest functioning mosques in Egypt. The mosque is part of Al-Azhar University, the world's second-oldest surviving university and a leading center of Islamic scholarship for over a millennium. The distinctive dome and twin minarets shown are characteristic of Mamluk and Ottoman architectural additions.

historical_notes:
  This note is part of the modern series issued by the Central Bank of Egypt in the early 21st century, featuring pharaonic imagery alongside Islamic architectural monuments to represent Egypt's layered cultural heritage. The 10 pound denomination was a common circulating note before newer series were introduced. The date shown (2012/4/3 in Arabic numerals) indicates this specific printing was from 2012. These notes have been gradually replaced by newer designs but were widely used throughout the 2010s.


country: Egypt
currency: Egyptian pound
denomination: 5 piastres
series_name: Law No. 50/1940 series
series_year: 1940
series_range: 1940–1950
era: 1900_1945
legal_status: demonetized
legal_status_date: 1950
issuer: Ministry of Finance of the Arab Republic of Egypt
issuer_native: وزير المالية
signatures: Minister of Finance: Saleh Hamed
printer: Postal Printing House
material: paper
watermark: Portrait of Tutankhamun in clear field at center-left
security_features: microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #8b7aa0,#d4c5b9,#4a3c54
portrait_subject: Tutankhamun
themes: monarch,ancient_history
pick_number: 163
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic,Latin
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:07:59
updated_at: 2026-05-08 17:07:59
front_description:
  Tutankhamun (c. 1341–1323 BCE), pharaoh of Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom period. He ascended to the throne at around age nine and ruled until his death at approximately eighteen; his tomb (KV62) discovered by Howard Carter in 1922 is one of the most famous archaeological finds in history. The portrait shows him wearing the iconic Nefertiti-style crown (actually the Blue Crown or Khepresh), and his image became emblematic of Egyptian currency during the mid-20th century.

back_description:
  Geometric guilloche patterns surrounding the denomination '5 PIASTRES' with bilingual inscriptions in Arabic and English identifying the issuing authority as 'The Arab Republic of Egypt' and 'ISSUED UNDER LAW No. 50/1940'. The signature of Saleh Hamed as Minister of Finance appears in both Arabic and English.

historical_notes:
  This note belongs to the Law No. 50/1940 series issued by the Egyptian Ministry of Finance during World War II and the final years of the British protectorate period. These currency notes were printed domestically by the Postal Printing House rather than by foreign printers, reflecting Egypt's move toward greater monetary independence. The series circulated until the early 1950s when replaced by later issues following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. The use of Tutankhamun's image on Egyptian currency began in this era and continued for decades, symbolizing national heritage and pharaonic legacy.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 5
series_name: 1978-2017 Issue
series_range: 1978-2017
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
legal_status_date: 2017
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
signatures: Governor: Farouk El Okdah
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 166x86
watermark: Tutankhamun's death mask in clear field at right
security_features: watermark,security_thread,intaglio,microprint
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#a67c52
reverse_subject: Ancient Egyptian reliefs and agricultural scenes
themes: architecture,religion,agriculture,ancient_history
pick_number: 56
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic, English
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:01
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:17:52
front_description:
  The Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, built 876-879 CE by Ahmad ibn Tulun, the Abbasid governor of Egypt. It is one of the oldest mosques in Cairo and the largest in area, featuring a distinctive spiral minaret modeled after the Great Mosque of Samarra. The mosque represents an important example of Abbasid architecture and remains an active place of worship, honored on Egyptian currency as a symbol of the nation's Islamic heritage and architectural legacy.

back_description:
  Ancient Egyptian reliefs depicting agricultural and daily life scenes from pharaonic times, including farming, harvesting, and craftwork. The central relief shows a standing figure in traditional ancient Egyptian style, flanked by horizontal friezes showing laborers engaged in agricultural activities. These scenes celebrate Egypt's ancient civilization and the importance of the Nile Valley's agricultural productivity that sustained pharaonic society for millennia.

historical_notes:
  This 5 Egyptian pound note belongs to the long-running series issued by the Central Bank of Egypt from 1978 through 2017. The design pairs Islamic architectural heritage (the Ibn Tulun Mosque) with pharaonic civilization motifs, reflecting Egypt's dual identity as inheritor of both ancient Egyptian and Islamic traditions. The series was gradually replaced beginning in 2016-2017 with new polymer notes featuring enhanced security features. These paper notes remain a familiar sight but have been largely withdrawn from active circulation.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 5
series_range: 1990s-2000s
era: 1990_present
legal_status: withdrawn
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزي المصري
signatures: Governor: Hesham Ramez
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 166x86
watermark: Tutankhamun's death mask in clear field
security_features: thread,microprint,intaglio
color_palette: #d4c5a0,#8b7355,#4a5f4a
reverse_subject: Mosque of Ibn Tulun
themes: architecture,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: 56
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic script with Latin text on front
languages: ar,en
value_currency: USD
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:19
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:18:24
front_description:
  Ancient Egyptian motifs depicting scenes from pharaonic civilization including agricultural workers in the lower register and a central figure playing a harp, representing Egypt's rich cultural heritage. The imagery draws from temple reliefs and tomb paintings that documented daily life and religious practices in ancient Egypt. These scenes symbolize the continuity between ancient and modern Egyptian identity, a recurring theme on Central Bank of Egypt banknotes from this era.

back_description:
  The Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, completed in 879 CE and one of the oldest mosques in Egypt still standing in its original form. Built by Ahmad ibn Tulun, founder of the Tulunid dynasty, it features a distinctive spiral minaret (malwiya) and is the largest mosque in Cairo by area. The mosque represents Islamic architectural heritage and is a UNESCO-recognized monument, symbolizing Egypt's medieval Islamic Golden Age and its position as a center of Islamic civilization.

historical_notes:
  This five pound note is part of a series issued by the Central Bank of Egypt during the 1990s-2000s period. The design combines pharaonic motifs on the obverse with Islamic architecture on the reverse, reflecting Egypt's dual identity as inheritor of both ancient Egyptian and Islamic civilizations. The note features extensive Arabic text and Eastern Arabic numerals alongside Western Arabic numerals. This series was eventually replaced by newer designs with enhanced security features.


country: Egypt
currency: EGP
denomination: 50
series_name: Piastres series
series_year: 2017
series_range: 2017–present
issue_year: 2017
era: 1990_present
legal_status: in_circulation
issuer: Central Bank of Egypt
issuer_native: البنك المركزى المصرى
signatures: Governor: Tarek Amer
material: paper
dimensions_mm: 145x70
watermark: Mask of Tutankhamun
security_features: microprint,uv,intaglio,latent_image
color_palette: #e6d8b5,#c4a57b,#8b7355
portrait_subject: Sultan Hassan Mosque
reverse_subject: Statue of Ramesses II holding the crook and flail
themes: architecture,religion,indigenous_culture
pick_number: P-68
rarity_tier: common
language_script: Arabic script, Latin script
languages: ar,en
created_at: 2026-05-08 17:08:48
updated_at: 2026-05-09 00:18:42
front_description:
  The Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo, a Mamluk-era mosque-madrassa complex commissioned by Sultan Hassan ibn Muhammad in the 1350s-1360s. This magnificent structure is one of the largest mosques in the world and represents the pinnacle of Mamluk architectural achievement, featuring massive stone masonry, soaring minarets, and a monumental façade. It stands near the Citadel of Cairo and has become one of Egypt's most recognizable Islamic monuments.

back_description:
  Statue of Ramesses II (also known as Ramesses the Great, reigned circa 1279–1213 BCE), the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty and one of ancient Egypt's most powerful and celebrated rulers. He is depicted wearing the Double Crown of Upper and Lower Egypt (pschent) and holding the crook and flail, traditional symbols of pharaonic authority. Ramesses II is renowned for his military campaigns, extensive building programs including Abu Simbel and the Ramesseum, and his exceptionally long 66-year reign. The note also features papyrus plants, symbolizing the Nile Delta and ancient Egyptian civilization.

historical_notes:
  This 50 piastres note is part of Egypt's modern small-denomination currency series issued by the Central Bank of Egypt beginning in 2017. The Egyptian pound is subdivided into 100 piastres (or qirsh). This series represents a continuation of Egypt's tradition of celebrating its dual heritage—both Islamic and ancient pharaonic—on its banknotes. The front features the Sultan Hassan Mosque (14th century CE), while the back honors Ramesses II (13th century BCE), spanning over three millennia of Egyptian civilization. Small-denomination notes like this remain in widespread circulation for everyday transactions.


