20 COP #122

Front

Francisco José de Caldas (1768–1816), Colombian scientist, military engineer, geographer, botanist, and astronomer known as 'El Sabio' (The Wise Man). He conducted pioneering research on the geography of New Granada, discovered the relationship between altitude and boiling point of water, and was executed by Spanish royalist forces during the wars of independence. Depicted with a celestial globe representing his astronomical work, accompanied by scientific instruments. The note is issued by Banco de la República and dated January 1, 1983.

Back

Pre-Columbian gold artifacts from the Museo del Oro (Gold Museum) in Bogotá, one of the world's most important collections of pre-Hispanic metallurgy. Featured are representative pieces including anthropomorphic figurines, ceremonial vessels, and ornamental objects from indigenous cultures including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Calima peoples. The medallion at top center bears the text 'BANCO DE LA REPUBLICA BOGOTA COLOMBIA' surrounding a classical female head. These artifacts represent Colombia's rich indigenous heritage and advanced goldworking techniques developed centuries before European contact.

History

This note belongs to the Peso Oro series issued by the Banco de la República between 1973 and 1991. The Peso Oro (Gold Peso) was Colombia's currency from 1871 to 1993, when it was replaced by the current Colombian peso at par. The 20 Peso Oro denomination featuring Francisco José de Caldas was part of a series honoring prominent Colombian intellectuals and scientists. Caldas is particularly revered in Colombian history as a martyr of independence and pioneer of scientific investigation in South America. The reverse's focus on the Museo del Oro reflects national pride in Colombia's pre-Columbian heritage and the country's status as a major gold-producing region since ancient times.